Complete each sentence with the correct word from the box bullies burglar dealers

Crimes may be classified in various ways. One type of classification
is given below:

1. crimes against a person (murder,
assault and battery,
kidnapping,
rape),

2. crimes against property
(robbery,
hijacking,
embezzlement,
receiving stolen property),

3. crimes
against the government and the
administration
of justice (treason,
tax
evasion,
bribery,
counterfeiting,
perjury),

4. crimes
against public
peace
and order (rioting,
carrying
weapons,
drunk
and disorderly conduct,
illegal speeding),

5. crimes against buildings (burglary,
arson,
criminal trespass),

6. crimes
against consumers (fraudulent
sale of wild cat securities),
or

7.crimes
against decency
(bigamy,
obscenity,
prostitution,
sexual
harassment).

Crimes are
classified in terms of their seriousness as felonies
or misdemeanors.

1. Felonies

A felony is a crime of a serious nature. It exists when the act:

1) is labeled so by law or

2) is
punishable by death or confinement
for more than
one year in prison.

Murder,
kidnapping, arson, rape, robbery, burglary, embezzlement,
forgery, larceny (also called theft) of large sums,
and perjury are examples of felonies. A person who
lies when under oath
commits perjury.

2 Misdemeanors

A misdemeanor is a crime of a less serious nature.
It is
usually punishable 1) by confinement in a jail for less
than
one year, 2)
by
fine,
or 3) by both confinement and fine.
Crimes such as drunken­ness
in public, driving an automobile
at an illegal speed, shoplifting,
and larceny of
small sums are usually misdemeanors. A lesser misdemeanor
is known as infraction.
Parking overtime
on
metered parking, failing to clear snow from sidewalks, and
littering
are examples of infractions. Ordinarily, no jury
is allowed in cases involving infractions because the punishment is
no more than a fine.

What are business related crimes?

A business,
like any person, is subject to general criminal
law.
Some crimes, however, are found more frequently
in the business than elsewhere. Business firms are
frequently the victims of crimes, such as robbery, burglary,
shoplifting, employee pilferage,
passing
bad checks,
vandal­ism,
receiving stolen property, and embezzlement.
Because
such criminals are generally
well-educated, respected members of the community,
the offenses are called white-collar
crimes.

Common
examples of white-collar crimes are income tax
evasion, consumer
fraud,
bribery, and
embezzlement. Normally no physical
violence
is involved in crimes of this
nature.

Here are some of the common business-related crimes:

1. Larceny

Larceny
(commonly known as theft)
is the wrongful
taking of money
or personal property belonging to
someone else.
Variations
of larceny include robbery (taking
property
person in immediate presence and
against the
victim’s
will, and by force or by causing
fear) and burglary
(en­tering a building with the intent
to commit a
crime).
Other types of larceny include shoplifting,
pick­pocketing,
and purse
snatching.

2. Receiving Stolen Property

Knowingly
receiving stolen property is an offense separate from larceny. It
consists of receiving, concealing,
or buying property known to be stolen, with intent
to
deprive
the rightful owner of the prop­erty. One who receives stolen
property is known as a
fence.
Special statutes deal with the fencing
of types of property that are commonly stolen, such as motor vehicles
and valuable airplane, ship, or truck car­goes.

3. Forgery

Forgery
is falsely making or altering any writing (for
example the
signature
of another person). In forgery there
must be intent to defraud
either the person whose
name is signed or someone else. The
most common forgeries
are found on checks when one has signed another’s
name without permis­sion to do so. Forgery
is usually a felony.

4. Bribery

Bribery is
offering or giving to a government official
money
or anything of value which the official was not
authorized to receive in
order to influence performance of
an official duty. Accept­ing the money or offer is also bribery.

5. Extortion

Extortion
(commonly known as blackmail)
is
obtaining money
or other property from a person by wrongful use
of
force, fear, or the power of office. The extortionist
(blackmailer)
may
threaten to
inflict bodily injury
on the
victim or a close relative of the victim. Sometimes
the
extortionist threatens to expose a secret crime if
payment
is not made. Kidnapping
is a related crime.

6. Conspiracy

Conspiracy
is an agreement between two or more
persons to do an unlawful
criminal act, or to do a lawful
act by
unlawful means. Usually the agreement is secret.
Depending
on the circum­stances,
the crime may be either a
felony or a misdemeanor.

7. Selling and Buying Narcotic Drugs

Narcotics,
when abused, can cause serious mental and physical
harm. There exist laws, which make certain narcotic-related
activities criminal offenses. The activities include
selling
or offering to sell, possessing, tran­sporting, administering, or
giving narcotics without a license,
except by medi­cal prescription.

8. Computer
Crime

Society has
only recently addressed the problems of crimes
made
possible by the computer revolution. One
problem involves the stealing of valuable information from
other persons’ com­puters.

Exercise
28. Listen to the news reports and match each person with the crime
described, then write a story based on listening.

1. John Pierce
a. fraud

2. Sally Smith
b. terrorism

3. Ann Daniels
c. blackmail

4. Tom
Corman d. joyriding

5. Jerry
Parr e. drug trafficking

Exercise
29. Translate the following definitions into English.

1) Статья 14 УК РФ.
Понятие преступления.

1. Преступлением
признается виновно совершенное
общественно опасное деяние, запрещенное
настоящим Кодексом под угрозой наказания.

2. Не является
преступлением действие (бездействие),
хотя формально и содержащее признаки
какого-либо деяния, предусмотренного
настоящим Кодексом, но в силу
малозначительности не представляющее
общественной опасности.

2) Статья 15 УК РФ.
Категории преступлений.

1. В зависимости
от характера и степени общественной
опасности деяния, предусмотренные
настоящим Кодексом, подразделяются на
преступления небольшой тяжести,
преступления средней тяжести, тяжкие
преступления и особо тяжкие преступления.

2. Преступлениями
небольшой тяжести признаются умышленныеинеосторожныедеяния, за совершение которых максимальное
наказание, предусмотренное настоящим
Кодексом, не превышает двух лет лишения
свободы.

3. Преступлениями
средней тяжести признаются умышленные
деяния, за совершение которых максимальное
наказание, предусмотренное настоящим
Кодексом, не превышает пяти лет лишения
свободы, и неосторожные деяния, за
совершение которых максимальное
наказание, предусмотренное настоящим
Кодексом, превышает два года лишения
свободы.

4. Тяжкими
преступлениями признаются умышленные
деяния, за совершение которых максимальное
наказание, предусмотренное настоящим
Кодексом, не превышает десяти лет лишения
свободы.

5. Особо тяжкими
преступлениями признаются умышленные
деяния, за совершение которых настоящим
Кодексом предусмотрено наказание в
виде лишения свободы на срок свыше
десяти лет или более строгое наказание.

3) Умысел – это
форма вины преступника, при которой он
осознаёт общественно опасный характер
своих действий и предвидит неизбежность
возможных последствий

4) Статья 20 УК РФ.
Возраст, с которого наступает уголовная
ответственность

1. Уголовной
ответственности подлежит лицо, достигшее
ко времени совершения преступления
шестнадцатилетнего возраста.

2. Лица, достигшие
ко времени совершения преступления
четырнадцатилетнего возраста, подлежат
уголовной ответственности за убийство
(статья
105),
умышленное причинение тяжкого вреда
здоровью (статья
111),
умышленное причинение средней тяжести
вреда здоровью (статья
112),
похищение человека (статья
126),
изнасилование (статья
131),
насильственные действия сексуального
характера (статья
132), кражу
(статья
158), грабеж
(статья
161), разбой
(статья
162),
вымогательство (статья
163),
неправомерное завладение автомобилем
или иным транспортным средством без
цели хищения (статья
166),
умышленные уничтожение или повреждение
имущества при отягчающих обстоятельствах
(часть вторая статьи
167),
террористический акт (статья
205), захват
заложника (статья
206),
заведомо ложное сообщение об акте
терроризма (статья
207),
хулиганство при отягчающих обстоятельствах
(часть
вторая статьи 213),
вандализм (статья
214),
хищение либо вымогательство оружия,
боеприпасов, взрывчатых веществ и
взрывных устройств (статья
226),
хищение либо вымогательство наркотических
средств или психотропных веществ (статья
229),
приведение в негодность транспортных
средств или путей сообщения (статья
267).

Exercise
30. Listen to the following street survey about the rise in crime and
fill in the table below.

unemployment	some people may turn to crime as an easy way of …….. ……….
advertisement	some people end up ………… things they want but they can’t …………
TV programmes	too much violence on TV makes young people more likely to act in a ………… way in real life criminals are shown in a way that makes them and their lifestyle look glamorous and …………
social pressures	teenagers have to commit petty crimes, such as shoplifting, in order to ………. By the gang once you begin a life of crime it can be very difficult to ………. ……………

Exercise
31. Business tycoon, George Henderson, aged 45, was found murdered
last night in the library of his mansion. Police detectives
are questioning the four suspects pictured below. Read the
information about the victim and the suspects and decide who the
murderer could
be.

George Henderson (the
victim)

The
multi-millionaire had been stabbed in the back
at about 10 p.m. No murder weapon was found.
The victim had been watching a docu­mentary
on TV Channel 3 when he was killed. His
supper tray was found on a table in the library; the food had not
been touched!

Roy
Smith (the butler)

The
butler’s mother is very ill, but his salary is too
low to pay for the surgery she needs, even though he had been working
for Henderson for twenty years. He was considered by all to be a
loyal
employee. He claims that at the time of the
murder, he was watching a documentary on
TV Channel 3,

Charles
Herderson (the nephew)

George
Henderson’s nephew, Charles, had been warned
by his uncle to change his “wild ways” or he
would be cut out of the will. He had no keys to the
mansion. He was secretly seeing Henderson’s housemaid,
Claudine. He says he was at home alone
watching a sports programme on TV Channel
3 between 9 and 11 p.m.

Claudine
Dupont (the maid)

George
Henderson’s maid for the past two years, Claudine, was believed to
be a reliable employee.
She says she was washing Henderson’s
supper dishes in the mansion’s kitchen
at the time of the murder.

Charlotte
Henderson (the wife)

Henderson
and his wife Charlotte had been separated
for seven months. She was not living in the
mansion at the time of the murder, although she still had a key! The
divorce was not yet final when
the murder occurred. Charlotte believed she’d probably be awarded
very little money in the
divorce case. She says she was at the home of
Henderson’s lawyer when the murder occurred.

Exercise
32. Fill in the correct idiom from the list below:

caught
red-handed in cold blood at large doing time
on the alert

1. To avoid being mugged in
large cities, one should be………at all times.

2. The burglar was……trying
to break the window of the house.

3. He killed his enemy……….and
claimed that he felt no regret afterwards.

4. The police announced that a
dangerous criminal was…….and advised people to remain inside with
their doors and windows locked.

5. After……for robbery, he
swore he would never commit another crime.

Exercise
33. Complete each sentence with the correct word from the box.

bullies
burglar dealers drink driving fine
gangs

graffiti
hooligans judge mugged robbers

shoplifting
speeding theft violence

1.
A
_______ broke into our house while we were away this weekend and
stole our video.

2. Drug
________ who
sell heroin to teenagers are among the worst kind of criminals.

3. Car
_______ in this area is increasing. Fifty cars were stolen last week.

4. Fourteen
football ________ were arrested after the match. They were fighting
and throwing bottles onto the pitch.

5. He
should have taken a taxi home after the party. He got stopped by
the police and lost his licence for _________.

6.
He was
doing 80
kilometres an
hour in the centre of town. He
was caught ________on a camera.

7. He’s
scared to walk home from school on his own because last week
some
________
in
the year above him broke his personal stereo.

8.
If
you park on a double yellow line, you might get a parking _______.

9. In
court, the _______ said he should stay in prison for the rest of his
life.

10. She was
arrested for ________. She stole a pair of jeans and a sweater from a
clothes shop.

11. Some
people think that the _________ on TV and in films leads to crime.

12. The
health centre wall has some big red ________ on it. They’ll have to
repaint the wall.

13. There
was a big fight between two ________ of teenagers outside the club.
Seventeen people were hurt.

14. Two
armed bank _______ got away with ₤ 50,000 yesterday.

15. Two
guys _______ a friend of mine recently and ran off with her handbag.

Exercise
34. Use one of these words to complete the paragraph

·
sentence · criminal · offence · judge ·
jury

·
kidnapping · reward · trial · ransom ·
arrest

There are many different kinds
of crimes. 1)____, taking somebody away and demanding a 2)_____for
their return, is a particularly serious 3)_____. The police often
offer a 4)_____, which is sometimes quite a substantial sum of money,
for information leading to the 5)______ of a 6)_______. It is not
always easy for a 7)_____to decide whether the suspect is guilty or
not. The 8)______of a suspect often takes days, or even weeks. Having
decided on their verdict, the jury do not, however, have to decide
how long a 9)_____ to give. That is the job of the 10)_____.

Exercise
35. What’s the crime? Write a word which has the same meaning as
the definitions in 1-6. The first letter of each word is given.

1.
breaking in to steal something
b_______

2.
driving more quickly than the limit s_______

3.
killing unintentionally
m_______

4.
killing intentionally
m_______

5.
attacking and robbing violently
m_______

6.
the act of stealing
t________

Exercise
36. What
crimes are these people committing? Discuss in pairs what precautions
should be taken so that these crimes can be avoided?

Exercise
37. Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions. Some may be used
more than once.

· under · before
· of · in · with · to

1) The accused is being
kept………..custody until the trial begins.

2) He was sentenced…………10
years in prison for committing armed robbery.

3) The police have placed 2
men suspected of the kidnapping………arrest.

4) I was shocked to hear that
Mark was accused………..fraud.

5) He’s been charged…….a
crime he did not commit.

6) The witness
appeared………..court and gave his testimony.

7) the accused was
kept……..handcuffs throughout the trial.

The case was
brought………..the court.

9) When the jury reached a
verdict……..not guilty, the accused breathed a sigh of relief.

Exercise
38. Read, translate and retell the text.

1.      
Underline the most suitable word or phrase.

a)     
Sally didn’t realize that she had
broken/countered/denied the law.

b)     
The police have banned/cancelled/refused parking in this
street.

c)      
I must remember to get a/an agreement/licence/permission for my
television.

d)      The president admitted that there had been a breakdown of law and crime/government/order.

e)     
Jim’s parents wouldn’t agree/allow/let him go to the
demonstration.

f)      
Jake was arrested because he had
entered the country falsely/illegally/wrongly.

g)     
Talking to other students is
against the law/orders/rules of the
examination.

h)     
The two men were arrested before
they could commit/make/perform any
more crimes.

i)       
I had to take the company to
court/justice/law to get the money they owed me.

j)       
Smoking is compulsory/prohibited/refused near the petrol tanks.

2.       Match word in the box with a
suitable description (a-l).

Blackmailer                       forger                   hooligan             murderer            shoplifter           vandal                  burglar                hijacker               kidnapper                          pickpocket         smuggler            witness

a)     
This person takes control of a
plane or boat by force ……..hijacker…….

b)     
This person sees what happens
during a crime or accident …………………….

c)      
This person brings goods into the
country illegally. …………………….

d)     
This person might steal food from
a supermarket……………………..

e)     
This person kills someone on
purpose…………………………….

f)      
This person takes people and
demands money for their return…………………….

g)     
This person makes illegal copies
of paintings, documents, etc……………

h)     
This person damages other
people’s property………………………

i)       
This person might steal your
wallet in a crowd…………………..

j)       
This person steals from houses.
………………………..

k)     
This person gets money from
others by threatening to tell secrets……………………….

l)       
This person causes trouble at
football matches…………….

3.       Complete each sentence (a-j) with
a suitable ending (1-10). Use each ending once.

a)     
I decided to buy a burglar alarm
after someone broke ………5…………

b)     
When Alan was stopped outside the
supermarket he ended ………………………

c)      
As it was Sheila’s first offence
she was let …………………….

d)     
After climbing over the prison
wall, Peter managed to get …………………..

e)     
The old couple who live opposite
were taken ……………………

f)      
At the end of the trial Hilary
was found ……………..

g)     
My neighbours admitted denting my
car but got away with ……………………

h)     
The bank at the end of the street
was held ………………………

i)       
Nobody saw Jack cheating and he
got away with ………………….

j)       
The hijackers took fifteen people
……………………………………….

1.      
in by a salesman who cheated them
out of their money.

2.      
away by stealing a car parked
nearby.

3.      
up at the police station, charged
with shoplifting.

4.      
it, although everyone suspected
what had happened.

5.      
into my house and stole my
stereo.

6.      
off with only a warning.

7.      
with paying only £100 damages.

8.      
hostage and demanded £1,000,000
from the authorities.

9.      
guilty and sentenced to six month
in prison.

10.  
up by two masked men last week.

Correct answers:

1. a) broken       b)
banned          c) licence             d) order               e) let     f)
illegally            g) rules h) commit           i)
court                               j)
prohibited     

2. a) hijacker     b) witness          c) smuggler        d) shoplifter      e) murderer      f)
kidnapper      g) forger              h) vandal  i) pickpocket                     j)
burglar             k) blackmailer                   l) hooligan

3. a) 5                   b)3         c) 6         d)
2        e) 1        f) 9         g) 7        h) 10      i)
4  j) 8

Complete each sentence with a word from the box.

S ‘

■ applies ■ available ■ confusing ■ curve Ш demand ■ exception

1 impressive ■ increase H a w

■ limited ■ set S shift К taxes

Some of the puzzles in this book are really

Newton’s ………………………of gravity explains whу things fall towards the earth.

There is a lot o f ………………………for organic fruit and vegetables these days.

When you throw a ball, it follows a ……………………..back down to earth.

Gold is expensive because there is only a very……………………..supply.

When a company stops making a product, it isn’t……………………..any more.

Normally I arrive at work at 8.00 am, but Thursday is an ………………………

This ru le………………………to everyone in the school,even teachers.

Everyone who earns a salary must pay……………………. to the government.

There has been a …………………….in public opinion about the environment recently.

There has been a h u ge……………………..in demand for air conditioners due to the hot weather.

12 Prices have b e e n …………………….too high and nobody can afford the goods.

13I found the work you’ve managed to do very……………………… Well done!

Complete each sentence using a word from the box.

Key. amusing / amused confusing / confused exhausting / exhausted annoying / annoyed disgusting / disgusted interesting / interested boring / bored exciting / excited surprising / surprised 1 He works very hard.

It’s not suprising that he’s always tired.

2 I’ve got nothing to do.

I’m ____________.

3 The teacher’s explanation was ____________.

Most of the students didn’t understand it.

4 The kitchen hadn’t been cleaned for ages.

It was really ____________.

5 I seldom visit art galleries.

I’m not particularly ____________ in art.

6 There’s no need to get ____________ just because I’m a few minutes late.

7 The lecture was ____________ I fell asleep.

8 I’ve been working very hard all day and now I’m ____________.

9 I’m starting a new job next week.

I’m very ____________ about it.

10 Steve is very good at telling funny stories.

He can be very ____________.

11 Liz is a very ____________ person.

She knows a lot, she’s travelled a lot and she’s done lots of different things.

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