Что такое редактор vba excel

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Приветствую всех.

В этом посте я расскажу, что такое VBA и как с ним работать в Microsoft Excel 2007/2010 (для более старых версий изменяется лишь интерфейс — код, скорее всего, будет таким же) для автоматизации различной рутины.

VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) — это упрощенная версия Visual Basic, встроенная в множество продуктов линейки Microsoft Office. Она позволяет писать программы прямо в файле конкретного документа. Вам не требуется устанавливать различные IDE — всё, включая отладчик, уже есть в Excel.

Еще при помощи Visual Studio Tools for Office можно писать макросы на C# и также встраивать их. Спасибо, FireStorm.

Сразу скажу — писать на других языках (C++/Delphi/PHP) также возможно, но требуется научится читать, изменять и писать файлы офиса — встраивать в документы не получится. А интерфейсы Microsoft работают через COM. Чтобы вы поняли весь ужас, вот Hello World с использованием COM.

Поэтому, увы, будем учить Visual Basic.

Чуть-чуть подготовки и постановка задачи

Итак, поехали. Открываем Excel.

Для начала давайте добавим в Ribbon панель «Разработчик». В ней находятся кнопки, текстовые поля и пр. элементы для конструирования форм.

Появилась вкладка.

Теперь давайте подумаем, на каком примере мы будем изучать VBA. Недавно мне потребовалось красиво оформить прайс-лист, выглядевший, как таблица. Идём в гугл, набираем «прайс-лист» и качаем любой, который оформлен примерно так (не сочтите за рекламу, пожалуйста):

То есть требуется, чтобы было как минимум две группы, по которым можно объединить товары (в нашем случае это будут Тип и Производитель — в таком порядке). Для того, чтобы предложенный мною алгоритм работал корректно, отсортируйте товары так, чтобы товары из одной группы стояли подряд (сначала по Типу, потом по Производителю).

Результат, которого хотим добиться, выглядит примерно так:

Разумеется, если смотреть прайс только на компьютере, то можно добавить фильтры и будет гораздо удобнее искать нужный товар. Однако мы хотим научится кодить и задача вполне подходящая, не так ли?

Кодим

Для начала требуется создать кнопку, при нажатии на которую будет вызываться наша програма. Кнопки находятся в панели «Разработчик» и появляются по кнопке «Вставить». Вам нужен компонент формы «Кнопка». Нажали, поставили на любое место в листе. Далее, если не появилось окно назначения макроса, надо нажать правой кнопкой и выбрать пункт «Назначить макрос». Назовём его FormatPrice. Важно, чтобы перед именем макроса ничего не было — иначе он создастся в отдельном модуле, а не в пространстве имен книги. В этому случае вам будет недоступно быстрое обращение к выделенному листу. Нажимаем кнопку «Новый».

И вот мы в среде разработки VB. Также её можно вызвать из контекстного меню командой «Исходный текст»/«View code».

Перед вами окно с заглушкой процедуры. Можете его развернуть. Код должен выглядеть примерно так:

Sub FormatPrice()End Sub

Напишем Hello World:

Sub FormatPrice()
    MsgBox "Hello World!"
End Sub

И запустим либо щелкнув по кнопке (предварительно сняв с неё выделение), либо клавишей F5 прямо из редактора.

Тут, пожалуй, следует отвлечься на небольшой ликбез по поводу синтаксиса VB. Кто его знает — может смело пропустить этот раздел до конца. Основное отличие Visual Basic от Pascal/C/Java в том, что команды разделяются не ;, а переносом строки или двоеточием (:), если очень хочется написать несколько команд в одну строку. Чтобы понять основные правила синтаксиса, приведу абстрактный код.

Примеры синтаксиса

' Процедура. Ничего не возвращает
' Перегрузка в VBA отсутствует
Sub foo(a As String, b As String)
    ' Exit Sub ' Это значит "выйти из процедуры"
    MsgBox a + ";" + b
End Sub' Функция. Вовращает Integer
Function LengthSqr(x As Integer, y As IntegerAs Integer
    ' Exit Function
    LengthSqr = x * x + y * y
End FunctionSub FormatPrice()
    Dim s1 As String, s2 As String
    s1 = "str1"
    s2 = "str2"
    If s1 <> s2 Then
        foo "123""456" ' Скобки при вызове процедур запрещены
    End IfDim res As sTRING ' Регистр в VB не важен. Впрочем, редактор Вас поправит
    Dim i As Integer
    ' Цикл всегда состоит из нескольких строк
    For i = 1 To 10
        res = res + CStr(i) ' Конвертация чего угодно в String
        If i = 5 Then Exit For
    Next iDim x As Double
    x = Val("1.234"' Парсинг чисел
    x = x + 10
    MsgBox xOn Error Resume Next ' Обработка ошибок - игнорировать все ошибки
    x = 5 / 0
    MsgBox xOn Error GoTo Err ' При ошибке перейти к метке Err
    x = 5 / 0
    MsgBox "OK!"
    GoTo ne

Err:
    MsgBox 

"Err!"

ne:

On Error GoTo 0 ' Отключаем обработку ошибок

    ' Циклы бывает, какие захотите
    Do While True
        Exit DoLoop 'While True
    Do 'Until False
        Exit Do
    Loop Until False
    ' А вот при вызове функций, от которых хотим получить значение, скобки нужны.
    ' Val также умеет возвращать Integer
    Select Case LengthSqr(Len("abc"), Val("4"))
    Case 24
        MsgBox "0"
    Case 25
        MsgBox "1"
    Case 26
        MsgBox "2"
    End Select' Двухмерный массив.
    ' Можно также менять размеры командой ReDim (Preserve) - см. google
    Dim arr(1 to 10, 5 to 6) As Integer
    arr(1, 6) = 8Dim coll As New Collection
    Dim coll2 As Collection
    coll.Add "item""key"
    Set coll2 = coll ' Все присваивания объектов должны производится командой Set
    MsgBox coll2("key")
    Set coll2 = New Collection
    MsgBox coll2.Count
End Sub

Грабли-1. При копировании кода из IDE (в английском Excel) есь текст конвертируется в 1252 Latin-1. Поэтому, если хотите сохранить русские комментарии — надо сохранить крокозябры как Latin-1, а потом открыть в 1251.

Грабли-2. Т.к. VB позволяет использовать необъявленные переменные, я всегда в начале кода (перед всеми процедурами) ставлю строчку Option Explicit. Эта директива запрещает интерпретатору заводить переменные самостоятельно.

Грабли-3. Глобальные переменные можно объявлять только до первой функции/процедуры. Локальные — в любом месте процедуры/функции.

Еще немного дополнительных функций, которые могут пригодится: InPos, Mid, Trim, LBound, UBound. Также ответы на все вопросы по поводу работы функций/их параметров можно получить в MSDN.

Надеюсь, что этого Вам хватит, чтобы не пугаться кода и самостоятельно написать какое-нибудь домашнее задание по информатике. По ходу поста я буду ненавязчиво знакомить Вас с новыми конструкциями.

Кодим много и под Excel

В этой части мы уже начнём кодить нечто, что умеет работать с нашими листами в Excel. Для начала создадим отдельный лист с именем result (лист с данными назовём data). Теперь, наверное, нужно этот лист очистить от того, что на нём есть. Также мы «выделим» лист с данными, чтобы каждый раз не писать длинное обращение к массиву с листами.

Sub FormatPrice()
    Sheets("result").Cells.Clear
    Sheets("data").Activate
End Sub

Работа с диапазонами ячеек

Вся работа в Excel VBA производится с диапазонами ячеек. Они создаются функцией Range и возвращают объект типа Range. У него есть всё необходимое для работы с данными и/или оформлением. Кстати сказать, свойство Cells листа — это тоже Range.

Примеры работы с Range

Sheets("result").Activate
Dim r As Range
Set r = Range("A1")
r.Value = "123"
Set r = Range("A3,A5")
r.Font.Color = vbRed
r.Value = "456"
Set r = Range("A6:A7")
r.Value = "=A1+A3"

Теперь давайте поймем алгоритм работы нашего кода. Итак, у каждой строчки листа data, начиная со второй, есть некоторые данные, которые нас не интересуют (ID, название и цена) и есть две вложенные группы, к которым она принадлежит (тип и производитель). Более того, эти строки отсортированы. Пока мы забудем про пропуски перед началом новой группы — так будет проще. Я предлагаю такой алгоритм:

  1. Считали группы из очередной строки.
  2. Пробегаемся по всем группам в порядке приоритета (вначале более крупные)
    1. Если текущая группа не совпадает, вызываем процедуру AddGroup(i, name), где i — номер группы (от номера текущей до максимума), name — её имя. Несколько вызовов необходимы, чтобы создать не только наш заголовок, но и всё более мелкие.
  3. После отрисовки всех необходимых заголовков делаем еще одну строку и заполняем её данными.

Для упрощения работы рекомендую определить следующие функции-сокращения:

Function GetCol(Col As IntegerAs String
    GetCol = Chr(Asc("A") + Col)
End FunctionFunction GetCellS(Sheet As String, Col As Integer, Row As IntegerAs Range
    Set GetCellS = Sheets(Sheet).Range(GetCol(Col) + CStr(Row))
End FunctionFunction GetCell(Col As Integer, Row As IntegerAs Range
    Set GetCell = Range(GetCol(Col) + CStr(Row))
End Function

Далее определим глобальную переменную «текущая строчка»: Dim CurRow As Integer. В начале процедуры её следует сделать равной единице. Еще нам потребуется переменная-«текущая строка в data», массив с именами групп текущей предыдущей строк. Потом можно написать цикл «пока первая ячейка в строке непуста».

Глобальные переменные

Option Explicit ' про эту строчку я уже рассказывал
Dim CurRow As Integer
Const GroupsCount As Integer = 2
Const DataCount As Integer = 3

FormatPrice

Sub FormatPrice()
    Dim I As Integer ' строка в data
    CurRow = 1
    Dim Groups(1 To GroupsCount) As String
    Dim PrGroups(1 To GroupsCount) As String

    Sheets(

"data").Activate
    I = 2
    Do While True
        If GetCell(0, I).Value = "" Then Exit Do
        ' ...
        I = I + 1
    Loop
End Sub

Теперь надо заполнить массив Groups:

На месте многоточия

Dim I2 As Integer
For I2 = 1 To GroupsCount
    Groups(I2) = GetCell(I2, I)
Next I2
' ...
For I2 = 1 To GroupsCount ' VB не умеет копировать массивы
    PrGroups(I2) = Groups(I2)
Next I2
I =  I + 1

И создать заголовки:

На месте многоточия в предыдущем куске

For I2 = 1 To GroupsCount
    If Groups(I2) <> PrGroups(I2) Then
        Dim I3 As Integer
        For I3 = I2 To GroupsCount
            AddHeader I3, Groups(I3)
        Next I3
        Exit For
    End If
Next I2

Не забудем про процедуру AddHeader:

Перед FormatPrice

Sub AddHeader(Ty As Integer, Name As String)
    GetCellS("result", 1, CurRow).Value = Name
    CurRow = CurRow + 1
End Sub

Теперь надо перенести всякую информацию в result

For I2 = 0 To DataCount - 1
    GetCellS("result", I2, CurRow).Value = GetCell(I2, I)
Next I2

Подогнать столбцы по ширине и выбрать лист result для показа результата

После цикла в конце FormatPrice

Sheets("Result").Activate
Columns.AutoFit

Всё. Можно любоваться первой версией.

Некрасиво, но похоже. Давайте разбираться с форматированием. Сначала изменим процедуру AddHeader:

Sub AddHeader(Ty As Integer, Name As String)
    Sheets("result").Range("A" + CStr(CurRow) + ":C" + CStr(CurRow)).Merge
    ' Чтобы не заводить переменную и не писать каждый раз длинный вызов
    ' можно воспользоваться блоком With
    With GetCellS("result", 0, CurRow)
        .Value = Name
        .Font.Italic = True
        .Font.Name = "Cambria"
        Select Case Ty
        Case 1 ' Тип
            .Font.Bold = True
            .Font.Size = 16
        Case 2 ' Производитель
            .Font.Size = 12
        End Select
        .HorizontalAlignment = xlCenter
    End With
    CurRow = CurRow + 1
End Sub

Уже лучше:

Осталось только сделать границы. Тут уже нам требуется работать со всеми объединёнными ячейками, иначе бордюр будет только у одной:

Поэтому чуть-чуть меняем код с добавлением стиля границ:

Sub AddHeader(Ty As Integer, Name As String)
    With Sheets("result").Range("A" + CStr(CurRow) + ":C" + CStr(CurRow))
        .Merge
        .Value = Name
        .Font.Italic = True
        .Font.Name = "Cambria"
        .HorizontalAlignment = xlCenterSelect Case Ty
        Case 1 ' Тип
            .Font.Bold = True
            .Font.Size = 16
            .Borders(xlTop).Weight = xlThick
        Case 2 ' Производитель
            .Font.Size = 12
            .Borders(xlTop).Weight = xlMedium
        End Select
        .Borders(xlBottom).Weight = xlMedium ' По убыванию: xlThick, xlMedium, xlThin, xlHairline
    End With
    CurRow = CurRow + 1
End Sub

Осталось лишь добится пропусков перед началом новой группы. Это легко:

В начале FormatPrice

Dim I As Integer ' строка в  data
CurRow = 0 ' чтобы не было пропуска в самом начале
Dim Groups(1 To GroupsCount) As String

В цикле расстановки заголовков

If Groups(I2) <> PrGroups(I2) Then
    CurRow = CurRow + 1
    Dim I3 As Integer

В точности то, что и хотели.

Надеюсь, что эта статья помогла вам немного освоится с программированием для Excel на VBA. Домашнее задание — добавить заголовки «ID, Название, Цена» в результат. Подсказка: CurRow = 0 CurRow = 1.

Файл можно скачать тут (min.us) или тут (Dropbox). Не забудьте разрешить исполнение макросов. Если кто-нибудь подскажет человеческих файлохостинг, залью туда.

Спасибо за внимание.

Буду рад конструктивной критике в комментариях.

UPD: Перезалил пример на Dropbox и min.us.

UPD2: На самом деле, при вызове процедуры с одним параметром скобки можно поставить. Либо использовать конструкцию Call Foo(«bar», 1, 2, 3) — тут скобки нужны постоянно.

Excel VBA Tutorial – How to Write Code in a Spreadsheet Using Visual Basic

Introduction

This is a tutorial about writing code in Excel spreadsheets using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA).

Excel is one of Microsoft’s most popular products. In 2016, the CEO of Microsoft said  «Think about a world without Excel. That’s just impossible for me.” Well, maybe the world can’t think without Excel.

  • In 1996, there were over 30 million users of Microsoft Excel (source).
  • Today, there are an estimated 750 million users of Microsoft Excel. That’s a little more than the population of Europe and 25x more users than there were in 1996.

We’re one big happy family!

In this tutorial, you’ll learn about VBA and how to write code in an Excel spreadsheet using Visual Basic.

Prerequisites

You don’t need any prior programming experience to understand this tutorial. However, you will need:

  • Basic to intermediate familiarity with Microsoft Excel
  • If you want to follow along with the VBA examples in this article, you will need access to Microsoft Excel, preferably the latest version (2019) but Excel 2016 and Excel 2013 will work just fine.
  • A willingness to try new things

Learning Objectives

Over the course of this article, you will learn:

  1. What VBA is
  2. Why you would use VBA
  3. How to get set up in Excel to write VBA
  4. How to solve some real-world problems with VBA

Important Concepts

Here are some important concepts that you should be familiar with to fully understand this tutorial.

Objects: Excel is object-oriented, which means everything is an object — the Excel window, the workbook, a sheet, a chart, a cell. VBA allows users to manipulate and perform actions with objects in Excel.

If you don’t have any experience with object-oriented programming and this is a brand new concept, take a second to let that sink in!

Procedures: a procedure is a chunk of VBA code, written in the Visual Basic Editor, that accomplishes a task. Sometimes, this is also referred to as a macro (more on macros below). There are two types of procedures:

  • Subroutines: a group of VBA statements that performs one or more actions
  • Functions: a group of VBA statements that performs one or more actions and returns one or more values

Note: you can have functions operating inside of subroutines. You’ll see later.

Macros: If you’ve spent any time learning more advanced Excel functionality, you’ve probably encountered the concept of a “macro.” Excel users can record macros, consisting of user commands/keystrokes/clicks, and play them back at lightning speed to accomplish repetitive tasks. Recorded macros generate VBA code, which you can then examine. It’s actually quite fun to record a simple macro and then look at the VBA code.

Please keep in mind that sometimes it may be easier and faster to record a macro rather than hand-code a VBA procedure.

For example, maybe you work in project management. Once a week, you have to turn a raw exported report from your project management system into a beautifully formatted, clean report for leadership. You need to format the names of the over-budget projects in bold red text. You could record the formatting changes as a macro and run that whenever you need to make the change.

What is VBA?

Visual Basic for Applications is a programming language developed by Microsoft. Each software program in the Microsoft Office suite is bundled with the VBA language at no extra cost. VBA allows Microsoft Office users to create small programs that operate within Microsoft Office software programs.

Think of VBA like a pizza oven within a restaurant. Excel is the restaurant. The kitchen comes with standard commercial appliances, like large refrigerators, stoves, and regular ole’ ovens — those are all of Excel’s standard features.

But what if you want to make wood-fired pizza? Can’t do that in a standard commercial baking oven. VBA is the pizza oven.

Pizza in a pizza oven

Yum.

Why use VBA in Excel?

Because wood-fired pizza is the best!

But seriously.

A lot of people spend a lot of time in Excel as a part of their jobs. Time in Excel moves differently, too. Depending on the circumstances, 10 minutes in Excel can feel like eternity if you’re not able to do what you need, or 10 hours can go by very quickly if everything is going great. Which is when you should ask yourself, why on earth am I spending 10 hours in Excel?

Sometimes, those days are inevitable. But if you’re spending 8-10 hours everyday in Excel doing repetitive tasks, repeating a lot of the same processes, trying to clean up after other users of the file, or even updating other files after changes are made to the Excel file, a VBA procedure just might be the solution for you.

You should consider using VBA if you need to:

  • Automate repetitive tasks
  • Create easy ways for users to interact with your spreadsheets
  • Manipulate large amounts of data

Getting Set Up to Write VBA in Excel

Developer Tab

To write VBA, you’ll need to add the Developer tab to the ribbon, so you’ll see the ribbon like this.

VBA developer tab

To add the Developer tab to the ribbon:

  1. On the File tab, go to Options > Customize Ribbon.
  2. Under Customize the Ribbon and under Main Tabs, select the Developer check box.

After you show the tab, the Developer tab stays visible, unless you clear the check box or have to reinstall Excel. For more information, see Microsoft help documentation.

VBA Editor

Navigate to the Developer Tab, and click the Visual Basic button. A new window will pop up — this is the Visual Basic Editor. For the purposes of this tutorial, you just need to be familiar with the Project Explorer pane and the Property Properties pane.

VBA editor

Excel VBA Examples

First, let’s create a file for us to play around in.

  1. Open a new Excel file
  2. Save it as a macro-enabled workbook (. xlsm)
  3. Select the Developer tab
  4. Open the VBA Editor

Let’s rock and roll with some easy examples to get you writing code in a spreadsheet using Visual Basic.

Example #1: Display a Message when Users Open the Excel Workbook

In the VBA Editor, select Insert -> New Module

Write this code in the Module window (don’t paste!):

Sub Auto_Open()
MsgBox («Welcome to the XYZ Workbook.»)
End Sub

Save, close the workbook, and reopen the workbook. This dialog should display.

Welcome to XYZ notebook message example

Ta da!

How is it doing that?

Depending on your familiarity with programming, you may have some guesses. It’s not particularly complex, but there’s quite a lot going on:

  • Sub (short for “Subroutine): remember from the beginning, “a group of VBA statements that performs one or more actions.”
  • Auto_Open: this is the specific subroutine. It automatically runs your code when the Excel file opens — this is the event that triggers the procedure. Auto_Open will only run when the workbook is opened manually; it will not run if the workbook is opened via code from another workbook (Workbook_Open will do that, learn more about the difference between the two).
  • By default, a subroutine’s access is public. This means any other module can use this subroutine. All examples in this tutorial will be public subroutines. If needed, you can declare subroutines as private. This may be needed in some situations. Learn more about subroutine access modifiers.
  • msgBox: this is a function — a group of VBA statements that performs one or more actions and returns a value. The returned value is the message “Welcome to the XYZ Workbook.”

In short, this is a simple subroutine that contains a function.

When could I use this?

Maybe you have a very important file that is accessed infrequently (say, once a quarter), but automatically updated daily by another VBA procedure. When it is accessed, it’s by many people in multiple departments, all across the company.

  • Problem: Most of the time when users access the file, they are confused about the purpose of this file (why it exists), how it is updated so often, who maintains it, and how they should interact with it. New hires always have tons of questions, and you have to field these questions over and over and over again.
  • Solution: create a user message that contains a concise answer to each of these frequently answered questions.

Real World Examples

  • Use the MsgBox function to display a message when there is any event: user closes an Excel workbook, user prints, a new sheet is added to the workbook, etc.
  • Use the MsgBox function to display a message when a user needs to fulfill a condition before closing an Excel workbook
  • Use the InputBox function to get information from the user

Example #2: Allow User to Execute another Procedure

In the VBA Editor, select Insert -> New Module

Write this code in the Module window (don’t paste!):

Sub UserReportQuery()
Dim UserInput As Long
Dim Answer As Integer
UserInput = vbYesNo
Answer = MsgBox(«Process the XYZ Report?», UserInput)
If Answer = vbYes Then ProcessReport
End Sub

Sub ProcessReport()
MsgBox («Thanks for processing the XYZ Report.»)
End Sub

Save and navigate back to the Developer tab of Excel and select the “Button” option. Click on a cell and assign the UserReportQuery macro to the button.

Now click the button. This message should display:

Process the XYZ report message example

Click “yes” or hit Enter.

Thanks for processing the XYZ report message example

Once again, tada!

Please note that the secondary subroutine, ProcessReport, could be anything. I’ll demonstrate more possibilities in example #3. But first…

How is it doing that?

This example builds on the previous example and has quite a few new elements. Let’s go over the new stuff:

  • Dim UserInput As Long: Dim is short for “dimension” and allows you to declare variable names. In this case, UserInput is the variable name and Long is the data type. In plain English, this line means “Here’s a variable called “UserInput”, and it’s a Long variable type.”
  • Dim Answer As Integer: declares another variable called “Answer,” with a data type of Integer. Learn more about data types here.
  • UserInput = vbYesNo: assigns a value to the variable. In this case, vbYesNo, which displays Yes and No buttons. There are many button types, learn more here.
  • Answer = MsgBox(“Process the XYZ Report?”, UserInput): assigns the value of the variable Answer to be a MsgBox function and the UserInput variable. Yes, a variable within a variable.
  • If Answer = vbYes Then ProcessReport: this is an “If statement,” a conditional statement, which allows us to say if x is true, then do y. In this case, if the user has selected “Yes,” then execute the ProcessReport subroutine.

When could I use this?

This could be used in many, many ways. The value and versatility of this functionality is more so defined by what the secondary subroutine does.

For example, maybe you have a file that is used to generate 3 different weekly reports. These reports are formatted in dramatically different ways.

  • Problem: Each time one of these reports needs to be generated, a user opens the file and changes formatting and charts; so on and so forth. This file is being edited extensively at least 3 times per week, and it takes at least 30 minutes each time it’s edited.
  • Solution: create 1 button per report type, which automatically reformats the necessary components of the reports and generates the necessary charts.

Real World Examples

  • Create a dialog box for user to automatically populate certain information across multiple sheets
  • Use the InputBox function to get information from the user, which is then populated across multiple sheets

Example #3: Add Numbers to a Range with a For-Next Loop

For loops are very useful if you need to perform repetitive tasks on a specific range of values — arrays or cell ranges. In plain English, a loop says “for each x, do y.”

In the VBA Editor, select Insert -> New Module

Write this code in the Module window (don’t paste!):

Sub LoopExample()
Dim X As Integer
For X = 1 To 100
Range(«A» & X).Value = X
Next X
End Sub

Save and navigate back to the Developer tab of Excel and select the Macros button. Run the LoopExample macro.

This should happen:

For-Next loop results

Etc, until the 100th row.

How is it doing that?

  • Dim X As Integer: declares the variable X as a data type of Integer.
  • For X = 1 To 100: this is the start of the For loop. Simply put, it tells the loop to keep repeating until X = 100. X is the counter. The loop will keep executing until X = 100, execute one last time, and then stop.
  • Range(«A» & X).Value = X: this declares the range of the loop and what to put in that range. Since X = 1 initially, the first cell will be A1, at which point the loop will put X into that cell.
  • Next X: this tells the loop to run again

When could I use this?

The For-Next loop is one of the most powerful functionalities of VBA; there are numerous potential use cases. This is a more complex example that would require multiple layers of logic, but it communicates the world of possibilities in For-Next loops.

Maybe you have a list of all products sold at your bakery in Column A, the type of product in Column B (cakes, donuts, or muffins), the cost of ingredients in Column C, and the market average cost of each product type in another sheet.

You need to figure out what should be the retail price of each product. You’re thinking it should be the cost of ingredients plus 20%, but also 1.2% under market average if possible. A For-Next loop would allow you to do this type of calculation.

Real World Examples

  • Use a loop with a nested if statement to add specific values to a separate array only if they meet certain conditions
  • Perform mathematical calculations on each value in a range, e.g. calculate additional charges and add them to the value
  • Loop through each character in a string and extract all numbers
  • Randomly select a number of values from an array

Conclusion

Now that we’ve talked about pizza and muffins and oh-yeah, how to write VBA code in Excel spreadsheets, let’s do a learning check. See if you can answer these questions.

  • What is VBA?
  • How do I get set up to start using VBA in Excel?
  • Why and when would you use VBA?
  • What are some problems I could solve with VBA?

If you have a fair idea of how to you could answer these questions, then this was successful.

Whether you’re an occasional user or a power user, I hope this tutorial provided useful information about what can be accomplished with just a bit of code in your Excel spreadsheets.

Happy coding!

Learning Resources

  • Excel VBA Programming for Dummies, John Walkenbach
  • Get Started with VBA, Microsoft Documentation
  • Learning VBA in Excel, Lynda

A bit about me

I’m Chloe Tucker, an artist and developer in Portland, Oregon. As a former educator, I’m continuously searching for the intersection of learning and teaching, or technology and art. Reach out to me on Twitter @_chloetucker and check out my website at chloe.dev.



Learn to code for free. freeCodeCamp’s open source curriculum has helped more than 40,000 people get jobs as developers. Get started

Written by Puneet for Excel 2007, Excel 2010, Excel 2013, Excel 2016, Excel 2019, Excel for Mac

KEY POINTS

  • Visual Basic Editor is a code editor for VBA.
  • It’s a separate application but you can only use it with Excel.
  • You need to have the developer tab on the ribbon to access it.
  • You can also use the keyboard shortcut (Alt + F11).
  • It also stores the macros that you recode with the macro recorder.
  • It has multiple tools to help you to write and manage all the codes.

The world of VBA starts with the Visual Basic Editor (VBE).

It’s the place where you write and manage all the macro codes and if you ask me about VBE, I’d say if you are serious about learning VBA you need to understand all the components of VBE.

That’s why it’s part of our VBA tutorial and in this guide, we have covered every single aspect of Visual Basic Editor to make you understand its functionality.

So, let’s get started.

I will be using different words (VBA editor, VB editor, or VBE) in this guide for referring to the Visual Basic Editor, so don’t be confused with it.

What is the Visual Basic Editor?

Visual Basic Editor is an application (a separate one) in which you can write and save all the VBA codes. In simple words, it’s a code editor for Excel in which you can write all the macros and store them. Even though it is a separate application (VB Editor) you can only use it with Excel.

Yes, that’s right. You can’t run VBE separately; there must be an Excel workbook open for using VBE.

Visual Basic Editor is the only way to write a VBA code in Excel. In fact, all Microsoft applications that host VBA use the Visual Basic Editor for script writing (writing code).

Below is the VBE:

Microsoft Windows

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Mac

VBA is one of the ADVANCED EXCEL SKILLS and to master the VBA; you need to learn all the aspects of Visual Basic Editor.

Open the Visual Basic Editor

From the developer tab

To open the visual basic editor, you need to have the developer tab on the ribbon and to activate the developer tab (steps to add).

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Now on the developer tab, in the code group, there is a button called “Visual Basic” and when you click on this button it opens the VB editor.

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Shortcut Key (Window)

You can also use the keyboard shortcut key Alt + F11 to open the VBE in windows and Opt + F11 or Fn + Opt + F11 for MAC.

Even if you don’t have the developer tab on the ribbon, this shortcut key will still work and open the editor.

Edit a Macro from the List

If you want to open the VBA editor to edit a specific macro, then you can open the macros list from the developer tab.

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And click on the edit button to open the VB editor to edit that specific macro.

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On Quick Access Toolbar

You can also add a button on the quick access toolbar to open the VBA editor. For this, you need to click on the drop-down on the quick access toolbar and open more commands.

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And then select the developer tab from “Choose Commands From” and then add the visual basic editor to the quick access toolbar by clicking on the add button.

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Now you can open the visual basic editor from the button that you have on the QAT.

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From the Worksheet Tab

You can also open the VBA editor by right-clicking on the worksheet tab and clicking on the view code. It will instantly take you to the code window of that worksheet.

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Components of Visual Basic Editor

When you open the VBA editor first time it looks like an old application and to understand how it works you need to go component by component.

The user interface is the same (almost) for all the Excel versions in the last more than 15 years, so no matter which Excel version you are using, you can learn about Visual Basic Editor from this guide. Yes, VBE has different components which can help you in different ways, so let’s explore them one by one.

  1. Menu Bar
  2. Tool Bar
  3. Project Window
  4. Properties Window
  5. Code Window
  6. Immediate Window
  7. Watch Window
  8. Object Browser
  9. Find and Replace
  10. Locals Window

Just like any other application VBA editor has a menu bar where you can find all the options that are available to the user.

Now in the menu bar, each tab is a category of options that are available to use. Let’s suppose, in the edit menu, you can see all the options from cut-copy-paste, find and replace, and adding indent and outdent. 

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Along with all the options (most of them), you can find the shortcut keys to use those options.

2. Tool Bar

Just below the menu bar, you have the toolbar which is a collection of some of the options that a normal user needs to use more frequently. When you open the visual basic editor first time you will only have the standard toolbar, just like the image below.

But there are total four toolbars that you can add and use.

  1. Debug
  2. Edit
  3. Standard
  4. User Form

If you go to the view tab in the menu bar you have the option to add or remove these toolbars.

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And you can also add or remove buttons from the toolbar if you want.

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You can also move a toolbar just by dragging and dropping from the small dots on the right side.

3. Project Window/ Project Explorer

The project window is the place where you can see all the ongoing projects. Whenever you open a file and then open the visual basic editor you can see the hierarchy of that file in the project window.

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Every project further has a collection of objects:

  • Worksheet: Each worksheet in a workbook lists as an object.
  • The Workbook: It represents the workbook itself as an object.
  • Module: It’s the place where you write code or recorded macros stores.
  • Chart Sheet: Chart sheet in the workbook will also be listed there.

When you open the VB editor, you’ll find the project window there by default. But if it’s not there somehow you can add it from the View (Menu Bar) or you can use the shortcut key Control + R.

Each object that is listed on the project window has its own code window which you can open by double click on it or you can right-click and select the view code option.

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The project window is the best way to navigate through all the ongoing projects and when you start working with the editor you will get to know more about it.

4. Properties Window

As the name suggests the properties window gives you access to the properties of the selected object. Each object, for example, a worksheet has its own properties that you can see and make changes in it.

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For each property, there is a drop-down on the right side from where you can change or edit that property.

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Quick Tip: You can change the name of a project from the properties window.

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And, if the properties window is not there by default you can activate it from the view (menu bar), or you can also use the shortcut key F4.

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5. Code Window

The code window is the place where you write codes and do most of your work (editing, writing, and testing). In simple words, the code window is the place where you do all the programming.

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When you first see it, it looks like a simple text editor, but it has Intellisense that can help you while programming.

There is no way I have found to add line number in the code window as other code editors have but still, VB editor indicates you the line number of the code.

Note

There’s no way I have found to add line number in the code window as other code editors have but still, VB editor indicates you the line number of the code.

6. Immediate Window

Immediate Window is the place where you can debug your code. You can type a line of code and test how it works. Let’s say if you want to test the following code:

Range("A1").Value = 9999

All you need to do is enter type a question mark and then paste the code there and HIT enter. It will immediately show the result of the code.

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The other way is to add Debug.Print before the code and get its result value in the immediate window.

Sub Macro1()
Debug.Print Range("A1").Value = "Yes"
End Sub

By default, the immediate window won’t be there when you open the visual basic editor, so you need to activate it from the view tab in the menu bar. You can also use the shortcut key Control + G.

7. Watch Window

Just like Excel Watch Window, the visual basic editor also has a watch window where you can add expressions to track them. You simply need to select the expression and then right-click and go to add a watch.

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In the below example, I have added the Selection.Value to the add watch.

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Now, to activate the watch window, go to the view menu and click on the watch window option.

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And here you have the watch window tracking the added expression.

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8. Object Browser

VBA has its own object browser which can help you to work with all the objects by finding all the properties and which you can use.

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Imagine if you want to use the range object, the object browser will tell you about all the properties and method that comes with it. Look at the below example.

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To open the object browser, use the shortcut key F2 or you can also go to the view tab and click on the object browser to open it.

9. Find and Replace

Just like the find and replace in Excel, the VBA editor has its own find and replace option that you can use to find and replace values from procedures. To open the FIND option, you can use the shortcut key Control + F, and to open the replace you can use the shortcut key Control + H.

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Otherwise, you can open both options from the edit menu.

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The find and replace option in VBE gives you different search patterns, like, if you want to find and replace something from the current procedure, from the current module, or from the current project.

You can also use the CASE SENSITIVE search and decide the direction of the search as well.

10. Locals Window

You can use the Locals window in VBE to displays all declared variables in the current procedure and their present values.

Using VB Editor to Write a Code

At this point, you know all the major components of the VBA editor, so now let’s learn how to add code in it.

Module Code Window Vs Object Code Window

There are two different types of code windows and both look just the same but there is a difference that you need to know.

  1. Module Code Window: Code in the normal module can be executed manually or you can also call it from a separate procedure.
  2. Object Code Window: Code in the object code window can be executed by using an event. Let’s suppose you want to run code when you double click on a cell, in that case, you need to use the double click event and you need to add code to that worksheet.

2. Module Code Window

You will be writing most of the VBA code in a module. To add code in a module you need to use the SUB procedure or the FUNCTION procedure.

  • Sub procedure
  • Function procedure

The difference between a sub and a function procedure is sub procedure can’t return a value, on the other hand, a function procedure can return a value.

When you record a macro that code goes straight into a module that VBA inserts automatically when you use the macro recorder.

Insert a Module

When you need to write code, you have to insert a module and for this, you simply need to go to the project window and right-click on the project name, and from that menu go to insert and select module.

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Remove a Module

You can also remove a module if it doesn’t require anymore so you just simply need to right-click on the module and select remove.

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And when you click on remove, it asks you if you want to back up that module before removing it. There is also an option where you can export a module to save it as a file in your system.

3. Object Code Window

Open the code window for the object you simply need to double click on it and in its the code window, there is a dropdown from where you can select the event that you want to use to execute the code.

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Imagine if you want to write the code and want to execute on the double click then you need to select “BeforeDoubleClick” from the dropdown.

Understanding Design Mode, Run Mode, and Debug Mode

You can use the visual basic editor in three different modes depending on the face of programming, writing the code, locating an error, and fixing an error.

  • Design Mode: Normally, when you are working in VB editor on a code you are in the design mode. Even then you just writing the code instead of designing a user form or a form you are in the design mode, like typing a code. This is also called design time.
  • Run Mode: When you run a code to test a code that is how it works you are in the run mode. The best example to define this mode is when you execute a code using the Run button from the toolbar. This is also called runtime.
  • Break Mode: When a code is running and in between the execution is suspended, at that time you are in break mode. In this mode, you can run a code step by step. This is also called debugging.

Tips to work with VB editor like a PRO

Just like any other programming language in VBA you can also use comments to define how that code works. Using comments is a good habit and it can help you in so many ways.

  • Track Changes
  • Contact Details of the Programmer
  • How to Troubleshoot the Code
  • And much more

To add a comment, you need to type an apostrophe and then the line of code.

Related Tip: VBA Comment Block

Quick Info

Now, look at the below example where I am adding add a VBA function (VBA LEFT Function), and the moment I type the name of the function, it shows me a tooltip for all the arguments which I need to define.

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You can also use the shortcut key Control + I or use the quick info option from the EDIT menu.

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Auto List Members

Each object in VBA comes with some properties and methods and when you insert an object or a command in the code window and then you enter (.) it shows you the complete list of properties and methods which come with that object.

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In the above example, when I added a (.) after the borders property of the range, it showed me all the available properties that are available to access.

List Constants

While defining expressions for a property or a method you can use the list of constants available. In the below example, while using the Border Around method it showed me all the constants which are available for the weight argument.

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You can use the shortcut key Control + Shift + J to get the list of constants or you can also go to the edit menu and use the option from there.

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Activate Option Explicit

While writing VBA codes you will need to use variables and one of the most important things while using variables is to declare their data type. And there’s a chance that you could forget to declare it.

But when you use the option explicit statement, then you have to declare the data type for every single variable which you are using, and if you fail to do so VBA will show an error message. It’s like forcing yourself to declare every single variable with its data type. For this, you can go to the tools menu and open the options.

And from the options, tick mark “Require Variable Declaration” and click OK.

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Now every module will have an Option Explicit statement at the beginning, and you have to declare every single variable.

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Change the Code Window View

When you can write multiple codes in a single code window and VBA separate them with a divider, but if you want to have a more focused view, you can change the view of the code window. Below I have the codes in a single module.

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But I can change this view from the view buttons from the bottom left of the window.

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Now I have only active code visible.

Run a Code Step by Step

When you write a VBA code there could be a chance that that code has a bug or an error that can come while executing it. In that case, the best way is to execute that code step by step and validate each line of code.

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For this, you can use shortcut key F8 to execute a code line by line or use step into option from the debug menu.

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And there is also a button on the debug toolbar that you can use.

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Code Indenting

When you write lengthy and complex codes then it’s important to structure them in the right way so that you can understand them later. For this, there’s one thing which comes handy, INDENTING. Indenting is basically structuring the code using tabs, below is an example.

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To add indenting in a line you can use the TAB key from the keyboard, or you can also use the indent/outdent buttons from the toolbar.

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Get Code from a Text File

The visual basic editor allows you to import VBA codes from a text file without copy-pasting. Once you insert a module you can go to the insert menu and select the file option from there.

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It opens the dialog box where you can locate the text file and import all the codes from it to the current module.

R1C1 Reference Style

If you ever worked with the R1C1 reference style, then I’m sure you can agree on this point that way easier to write codes with it.

R1C1 Reference Style

Line Break

Even though you can adjust the width of the code window and make it wide but there could be a situation when you will be dealing with long lines of code that makes it hard to read.

The best way to deal with this problem is to add a line break. Basically, a line break is something when you break a line into two lines using the line break character.

Use a SPACE & UNDERSCORE and hit enter to add a line break.

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Formatting

When it comes to user interface visual basic editor is not that good looking. But there are few formatting options that you can use to customize it or change its look the way you want.

From the Tools Menu Options Editor Format, you can access the formatting option where you can change the font style size or background color as well

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Check out this video on customizing the VBA editor for a dark theme.

Personal Macro Workbook

There could be some macros that you need to access within all the workbooks that you use.

In that case, you can use the Personal Macro Workbook that can help you to store all the important codes in one place and you can access them from all the workbooks.

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Using Bookmarks

The visual basic editor allows you to add bookmarks to a line from Right Click Toggle Bookmark.

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And then you can also navigate between bookmarks from the option from the edit menu.

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Syntax Checking

When you write codes in the code window VBA check for the syntax error and notify you when you make a syntax error. This option is activated by default, but you can also turn it off if you don’t want VBA to notify you every time you make an error.

Tools Menu ➤ Options ➤ Editor Tab ➤ Auto Syntax Check.

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But I would recommend you not to deactivate it because it can help you to identify all the syntax errors that you make while writing codes.

List of Macros

If you have a lot of macros in a module, there is an option that you can use to see all the macros (Tools ➤ Macro).

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There’s one big benefit of using this list option is that you can run a macro, delete it, and edit it without navigating to that procedure.

Locking a Project with a Password

Visual Basic Editor also gives you an option to lock a module with a password. So, if you don’t want the users to know the code and don’t want them to make a change in the code, you can use this option.

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Tools Menu ➤ VBAProject Properties ➤ Protection Tab

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Important Shortcut Keys

  • Shift + F7: Object browser.
  • F5: Run macro.
  • Tab: Add an indent.
  • Alt + Q: Close.
  • F8: Step into.
  • Control + H: Find and replace.
  • Control + G: Immediate Window.
  • Control + R: Project Explorer.
  • F4: Properties window.

Learn some AMAZING Keyboard Shortcuts: Excel Keyboard Shortcuts Cheat Sheet

Alternative to Visual Basic Editor

Well, I have tried quite a few other editors to write a macro but the problem which I have found is that without the Intellisense it’s really hard to use anything other than the visual basic editor itself.

VBA editor works along with Excel, you can test your codes instantly and you can save them into the workbook. But are a few names to try.

Visual Studio Code | Ultra Edit

Points to Remember

  • You can maximize or minimize the code window.
  • You can change a project’s name anytime.
  • The project window is the best way to navigate through the editor.
  • It will make a line red if there’s an error in it while writing the code.
  • You can also add a bookmark to a line of code from the Right-Click Menu Toggle Bookmark.
  • You cannot use the visual basic editor without opening an Excel workbook.

More on VBA

  • VBA Functions
  • VBA to Add a New Sheet
  • VBA Code to Activate a Worksheet
  • VBA IF Then Statement
  • VBA User Defined Function
  • VBA Message Box
  • VBA to Extract Hyperlink
  • Macro to Highlight Duplicate Values
  • VBA to Create a Pivot Table

[icon name=”bell” class=”” unprefixed_class=””] VBA is one of the Advanced Excel Skills

Should I need to install the Visual Basic Editor?

No. You don’t need to install the visual basic editor. It comes pre-installed with the Microsoft Office applications.

What if I don’t have the Developer Tab on the Ribbon?

If you don’t have the developer tab on the Excel ribbon, you can activate it from the Excel ribbon.

Is there an alternative to the Visual Basic Editor?

Not really. The IntelliSense that you have in the VBE makes it perfect to use to write VBA codes.

Содержание

  • Что такое редактор Visual Basic в Excel?
  • Открытие редактора VB
  • Анатомия редактора Visual Basic в Excel
  • Куда добавить код в редакторе VB
  • Настройка редактора VB

Первым шагом к работе с VBA в Excel является ознакомление с редактором Visual Basic (также называемым редактором VBA или редактором VB).

В этом руководстве я расскажу все, что нужно знать о редакторе VBA, и некоторые полезные параметры, которые вы должны знать при кодировании в Excel VBA.

Редактор Visual Basic — это отдельное приложение, которое является частью Excel и открывается всякий раз, когда вы открываете книгу Excel. По умолчанию он скрыт, и для доступа к нему необходимо активировать его.

VB Editor — это место, где вы храните код VB.

Получить код в редакторе VB можно несколькими способами:

  1. Когда вы записываете макрос, он автоматически создает новый модуль в редакторе VB и вставляет код в этот модуль.
  2. Вы можете вручную ввести код VB в редакторе VB.
  3. Вы можете скопировать код из другой книги или из Интернета и вставить его в редактор VB.

Открытие редактора VB

Открыть редактор Visual Basic в Excel можно разными способами:

  1. Использование сочетания клавиш (самый простой и быстрый)
  2. Используя вкладку разработчика.
  3. Использование вкладок рабочего листа.

Давайте быстро пройдемся по каждому из них.

Сочетание клавиш для открытия редактора Visual Basic

Самый простой способ открыть редактор Visual Basic — использовать сочетание клавиш — ALT + F11 (удерживая клавишу ALT, нажмите клавишу F11).

Как только вы это сделаете, откроется отдельное окно для редактора Visual Basic.

Этот ярлык работает как переключатель, поэтому при повторном использовании он вернет вас в приложение Excel (без закрытия редактора VB).

Ярлык для версии Mac: Opt + F11 или Fn + Opt + F11

Использование вкладки разработчика

Чтобы открыть редактор Visual Basic с ленты:

  1. Перейдите на вкладку «Разработчик» (если вы не видите вкладку «Разработчик», прочтите, как ее получить).
  2. В группе «Код» щелкните Visual Basic.

Использование вкладки рабочего листа

Это менее используемый метод открытия редактора Vb.

Перейдите на любую из вкладок рабочего листа, щелкните правой кнопкой мыши и выберите «Просмотреть код».

Этот метод не просто откроет редактор VB, он также перенесет вас в окно кода для этого объекта рабочего листа.

Это полезно, когда вы хотите написать код, который работает только для определенного рабочего листа. Обычно это происходит с событиями рабочего листа.

Анатомия редактора Visual Basic в Excel

Когда вы открываете редактор VB в первый раз, это может показаться немного подавляющим.

Существуют различные варианты и разделы, которые сначала могут показаться совершенно новыми.

Кроме того, он все еще выглядит как старый Excel 97 дней. Хотя дизайн и удобство использования Excel значительно улучшились за последние годы, редактор VB не претерпел каких-либо изменений в своем внешнем виде.

В этом разделе я познакомлю вас с различными частями приложения Visual Basic Editor.

Примечание. Когда я начал использовать VBA несколько лет назад, меня поразили все эти новые параметры и окна. Но когда вы привыкнете работать с VBA, вы освоитесь с большинством из них. И в большинстве случаев вам не нужно будет использовать все возможности, а только ручную работу.

Ниже представлены изображения различных компонентов редактора VB. Затем они подробно описаны в следующих разделах этого руководства.

Теперь давайте быстро рассмотрим каждый из этих компонентов и поймем, что он делает:

Строка меню

Здесь у вас есть все параметры, которые вы можете использовать в редакторе VB. Это похоже на ленту Excel, где у вас есть вкладки и параметры для каждой вкладки.

Вы можете изучить доступные варианты, щелкнув каждый элемент меню.

Вы заметите, что рядом с большинством параметров в редакторе VB указаны сочетания клавиш. Как только вы привыкнете к нескольким сочетаниям клавиш, работа с редактором VB станет действительно простой.

Панель инструментов

По умолчанию в редакторе VB есть панель инструментов, на которой есть несколько полезных опций, которые могут вам понадобиться чаще всего. Это похоже на панель быстрого доступа в Excel. Это дает вам быстрый доступ к некоторым полезным параметрам.

Вы можете немного настроить его, удалив или добавив к нему параметры (щелкнув небольшую стрелку, направленную вниз, в конце панели инструментов).

В большинстве случаев панель инструментов по умолчанию — это все, что вам нужно при работе с редактором VB.

Вы можете переместить панель инструментов над строкой меню, щелкнув три серые точки (в начале панели инструментов) и перетащив ее над строкой меню.

Примечание. В редакторе VB есть четыре панели инструментов — Стандартная, Отладка, Редактировать и Пользовательская форма. То, что вы видите на изображении выше (которое также используется по умолчанию), является стандартной панелью инструментов. Вы можете получить доступ к другим панелям инструментов, перейдя к параметру «Просмотр» и наведя курсор на параметр «Панели инструментов». Вы можете добавить одну или несколько панелей инструментов в редактор VB, если хотите.

Обозреватель проекта

Обозреватель проекта — это окно слева, в котором отображаются все объекты, открытые в настоящее время в Excel.

Когда вы работаете с Excel, каждая открытая книга или надстройка является проектом. И в каждом из этих проектов может быть набор объектов.

Например, на изображении ниже в Project Explorer показаны две открытые книги (Book1 и Book2) и объекты в каждой книге (рабочие листы, ThisWorkbook и Module в Book1).

Слева от объектов есть значок плюса, который можно использовать, чтобы свернуть список объектов или развернуть и просмотреть полный список объектов.

Следующие объекты могут быть частью Project Explorer:

  1. Все открытые книги — в каждой книге (которая также называется проектом) вы можете иметь следующие объекты:
    • Объект рабочего листа для каждого листа в книге
    • ThisWorkbook объект который представляет собой книгу
    • Таблица объект для каждого листа диаграммы (они не так распространены, как рабочие листы)
    • Модули — Здесь идет код, созданный с помощью средства записи макросов. Вы также можете написать или скопировать код VBA сюда.
  2. Все открытые надстройки

Рассматривайте Project Explorer как место, где отображаются все объекты, открытые в Excel в данный момент.

Сочетание клавиш для открытия Project Explorer: Ctrl + R (удерживайте контрольную клавишу, а затем нажмите R). Чтобы закрыть его, просто щелкните значок закрытия в правом верхнем углу окна Project Explorer.

Примечание. Для каждого объекта в Project Explorer есть окно кода, в котором вы можете написать код (или скопировать и вставить его откуда-нибудь). Окно кода появляется при двойном щелчке по объекту.

Окно свойств

Окно свойств — это то место, где вы можете увидеть свойства выбранного объекта. Если у вас еще нет окна «Свойства», вы можете получить его с помощью сочетания клавиш F4 (или перейдите на вкладку «Просмотр» и нажмите «Окно свойств»).

Окно свойств — это плавающее окно, которое можно закрепить в редакторе VB. В приведенном ниже примере я закрепил его чуть ниже Project Explorer.

Окно свойств позволяет нам изменять свойства выбранного объекта. Например, если я хочу сделать рабочий лист скрытым (или очень скрытым), я могу сделать это, изменив свойство Visible для выбранного объекта рабочего листа.

Связанный: Скрытие рабочего листа в Excel (который не может быть легко отсканирован)

Окно кода

Для каждого объекта, перечисленного в Project Explorer, есть окно кода. Вы можете открыть окно кода для объекта, дважды щелкнув его в области Project Explorer.

Окно кода — это то место, где вы будете писать свой код или копировать и вставлять код из другого места.

Когда вы записываете макрос, его код попадает в окно кода модуля. Excel автоматически вставляет модуль для размещения в нем кода при записи макроса.

Связанный: Как запустить макрос (код VBA) в Excel.

Немедленное окно

Окно Immediate в основном используется при отладке кода. Один из способов использования окна Immediate — использование оператора Print.Debug в коде с последующим запуском кода.

Это помогает мне отлаживать код и определять, где мой код застревает. Если я получаю результат Print.Debug в непосредственном окне, я знаю, что код работал, по крайней мере, до этой строки.

Если вы новичок в кодировании VBA, вам может потребоваться некоторое время, чтобы использовать немедленное окно для отладки.

По умолчанию непосредственное окно не отображается в редакторе VB. Вы можете получить его, используя сочетание клавиш Control + G (или можете перейти на вкладку «Просмотр» и нажать «Немедленное окно»).

Куда добавить код в редакторе VB

Я надеюсь, что теперь у вас есть общее представление о том, что такое VB Editor и какие в нем части.

В этом разделе этого руководства я покажу вам, где добавить код VBA в редактор Visual Basic.

Есть два места, где вы можете добавить код VBA в Excel:

  1. Окно кода для объекта. Этими объектами могут быть рабочая книга, рабочий лист, пользовательская форма и т. Д.
  2. Окно кода модуля.

Окно кода модуля против окна кода объекта

Позвольте мне сначала быстро пояснить разницу между добавлением кода в модуль и добавлением кода в окне объектного кода.

Когда вы добавляете код к любому из объектов, он зависит от какого-либо действия этого объекта, которое запускает этот код. Например, если вы хотите отобразить все рабочие листы в книге, как только вы откроете эту книгу, тогда код будет помещен в объект ThisWorkbook (который представляет книгу).

В данном случае триггер открывает книгу.

Точно так же, если вы хотите защитить рабочий лист, как только активируется какой-либо другой рабочий лист, код для этого будет помещен в окно кода рабочего листа.

Эти триггеры называются событиями, и вы можете связать код, который будет выполняться при возникновении события.

Связанный: Узнайте больше о событиях в VBA.

Напротив, код в модуле должен выполняться вручную (или его также можно вызывать из других подпрограмм).

Когда вы записываете макрос, Excel автоматически создает модуль и вставляет в него записанный код макроса. Теперь, если вам нужно запустить этот код, вам нужно вручную выполнить макрос.

Добавление кода VBA в модуль

При записи макроса автоматически создается модуль и вставляется в него код, однако при использовании средства записи макросов существуют некоторые ограничения. Например, он не может использовать циклы или условия If Then Else.

В таких случаях лучше либо скопировать и вставить код вручную, либо написать код самостоятельно.

Модуль может использоваться для хранения следующих типов кодов VBA:

  1. Декларации: Вы можете объявлять переменные в модуле. Объявление переменных позволяет указать, какой тип данных может содержать переменная. Вы можете объявить переменную только для подпрограммы или для всех подпрограмм в модуле (или всех модулях)
  2. Подпрограммы (процедуры): Это код, в котором есть шаги, которые вы хотите выполнить с помощью VBA.
  3. Функциональные процедуры: Это код, который возвращает одно значение, и вы можете использовать его для создания пользовательских функций (также называемых пользовательскими функциями или UDF в VBA).

По умолчанию модуль не является частью книги. Вам необходимо вставить его перед использованием.

Добавление модуля в редактор VB

Ниже приведены шаги по добавлению модуля:

  1. Щелкните правой кнопкой мыши любой объект книги (в котором вы хотите установить модуль).
  2. Наведите курсор на опцию Вставить.
  3. Щелкните по модулю.

Это мгновенно создаст папку с именем Module и вставит объект с именем Module 1. Если у вас уже есть вставленный модуль, вышеупомянутые шаги будут вставлять другой модуль.

После того, как модуль вставлен, вы можете дважды щелкнуть объект модуля в Project Explorer, и он откроет для него окно кода.

Теперь вы можете скопировать и вставить код или написать его самостоятельно.

Удаление модуля

Ниже приведены шаги по удалению модуля в Excel VBA:

  1. Щелкните правой кнопкой мыши модуль, который хотите удалить.
  2. Нажмите на опцию «Удалить модуль».
  3. В открывшемся диалоговом окне нажмите Нет.

Примечание. Вы можете экспортировать модуль перед его удалением. Он сохраняется как файл .bas, и вы можете импортировать его в другой проект. Чтобы экспортировать модуль, щелкните модуль правой кнопкой мыши и выберите «Экспорт файла».

Добавление кода в окно объектного кода

Чтобы открыть окно кода для объекта, просто дважды щелкните по нему.

Когда он откроется, вы можете ввести код вручную или скопировать и вставить код из других модулей или из Интернета.

Обратите внимание, что некоторые объекты позволяют выбрать событие, для которого вы хотите написать код.

Например, если вы хотите написать код, чтобы что-то происходило при изменении выбора на листе, вам нужно сначала выбрать листы из раскрывающегося списка в верхнем левом углу окна кода, а затем выбрать событие изменения из раскрывающегося списка. -вниз справа.

Примечание: эти события относятся к объекту. Когда вы откроете окно кода для книги, вы увидите события, связанные с объектом книги. Когда вы откроете окно кода для рабочего листа, вы увидите события, связанные с объектом рабочего листа.

Настройка редактора VB

Хотя настройки редактора Visual Basic по умолчанию достаточно хороши для большинства пользователей, они позволяют дополнительно настраивать интерфейс и некоторые функции.

В этом разделе руководства я покажу вам все параметры, которые у вас есть при настройке редактора VB.

Чтобы настроить среду редактора VB, нажмите «Инструменты» в строке меню, а затем нажмите «Параметры».

Это откроет диалоговое окно Параметры, которое предоставит вам все параметры настройки в редакторе VB. В диалоговом окне «Параметры» есть четыре вкладки (как показано ниже), на которых можно настроить различные параметры редактора Visual Basic.

Давайте быстро рассмотрим каждую из этих вкладок и важные параметры на каждой из них.

Вкладка «Редактор»

Хотя встроенные настройки в большинстве случаев работают нормально, позвольте мне все же пройтись по параметрам на этой вкладке.

По мере того, как вы станете более опытным в работе с VBA в Excel, вы можете настроить редактор VB, используя некоторые из этих параметров.

Автоматическая проверка синтаксиса

При работе с VBA в Excel, как только вы сделаете синтаксическую ошибку, вас встретит всплывающее диалоговое окно (с некоторым описанием ошибки). Что-то вроде того, что показано ниже:

Если вы отключите эту опцию, это всплывающее окно не появится, даже если вы допустили синтаксическую ошибку. Однако цвет текста кода изменится, что укажет на наличие ошибки.

Если вы новичок, я рекомендую оставить эту опцию включенной. По мере того, как вы набираетесь опыта в программировании, вы можете начать находить эти всплывающие окна раздражающими, и тогда вы можете отключить эту опцию.

Требовать объявление переменной

Это один из вариантов, который я рекомендую включить.

Когда вы работаете с VBA, вы будете использовать переменные для хранения различных типов данных и объектов.

Когда вы включаете этот параметр, он автоматически вставляет оператор «Option Explicit» в верхнюю часть окна кода. Это заставляет вас объявить все переменные, которые вы используете в своем коде. Если вы не объявите переменную и попытаетесь выполнить код, отобразится ошибка (как показано ниже).

В приведенном выше случае я использовал переменную Var, но не объявлял ее. Поэтому, когда я пытаюсь запустить код, он показывает ошибку.

Эта опция очень полезна, когда у вас много переменных. Это часто помогает мне найти имена переменных с ошибками, поскольку они считаются необъявленными и отображается ошибка.

Примечание. Когда вы включаете этот параметр, он не влияет на существующие модули.

Автоматический член списка

Эта опция весьма полезна, поскольку помогает получить список свойств методов для объекта.

Например, если я хочу удалить лист (Sheet1), мне нужно использовать строку Sheet1.Delete.

Пока я набираю код, как только я набираю точку, он покажет мне все методы и свойства, связанные с объектом Worksheet (как показано ниже).

Функция автоматического списка хороша тем, что позволяет:

  • Быстро выберите свойство и метод из списка и сэкономьте время
  • Показывает все свойства и методы, о которых вы, возможно, не знали.
  • Избегайте орфографических ошибок

Эта опция включена по умолчанию, и я рекомендую оставить ее в таком состоянии.

Параметры автоматической быстрой информации

Когда вы вводите функцию на листе Excel, она показывает вам некоторую информацию о функции, например, аргументы, которые она принимает.

Точно так же, когда вы вводите функцию в VBA, она показывает вам некоторую информацию (как показано ниже). Но для этого вам нужно убедиться, что опция Auto Quick Info включена (что по умолчанию).

Параметры советов по автоматическим данным

Когда вы просматриваете свой код построчно и помещаете курсор над именем переменной, он покажет вам значение переменной.

Я считаю это весьма полезным при отладке кода или при просмотре кода построчно, в котором есть циклы.

В приведенном выше примере, как только я наведу курсор на переменную (var), отобразится значение, которое она содержит.

Этот параметр включен по умолчанию, и я рекомендую вам оставить его в таком же состоянии.

Автоматический отступ

Поскольку коды VBA могут быть длинными и беспорядочными, использование отступов увеличивает читаемость кода.

При написании кода вы можете делать отступ с помощью клавиши табуляции.

Этот параметр гарантирует, что, когда вы закончите с отступом и нажмете Enter, следующая строка не начнется с самого начала, а будет иметь тот же отступ, что и предыдущая.

В приведенном выше примере после того, как я напишу строку Debug.Print и нажму Enter, она начнется прямо под ней (с тем же уровнем отступа).

Я считаю эту опцию полезной, и ее выключение означало бы вручную отступ каждой строки в блоке кода, который я хочу иметь отступ.

При желании вы можете изменить значение отступа. Я сохраняю значение по умолчанию.

Редактирование текста перетаскиванием

Когда этот параметр включен, он позволяет выбрать блок кода и перетащить его.

Это экономит время, так как вам не нужно сначала вырезать, а потом вставлять. Вы можете просто выбрать и перетащить его.

Этот параметр включен по умолчанию, и я рекомендую вам оставить его в таком же состоянии.

По умолчанию — полный вид модуля

Когда эта опция включена, вы сможете увидеть все процедуры в модуле в одном прокручиваемом списке.

Если вы отключите эту опцию, вы сможете видеть только один модуль за раз. Вам нужно будет выбрать модуль, который вы хотите увидеть, из раскрывающегося списка в правом верхнем углу окна кода.

Этот параметр включен по умолчанию, и я рекомендую оставить его в таком же состоянии.

Одна из причин, по которой вы можете захотеть отключить его, когда у вас есть несколько процедур, которые огромны и прокрутка по ним требует времени, или когда у вас много процедур, и вы хотите быстро найти их, а не тратить время на прокрутку.

Разделитель процедур

Когда эта опция включена, вы увидите линию (своего рода разделитель) между двумя процедурами.

Я считаю это полезным, поскольку он визуально показывает, когда заканчивается одна процедура и начинается другая.

Он включен по умолчанию, и я рекомендую оставить его в таком состоянии.

Вкладка «Формат редактора»

С помощью параметров на вкладке «Формат редактора» вы можете настроить внешний вид кода в окне кода.

Лично я сохраняю все параметры по умолчанию, так как меня это устраивает. Если вы хотите, вы можете настроить это в зависимости от ваших предпочтений.

Чтобы внести изменения, вам нужно сначала выбрать параметр в поле «Цвета кода». После выбора параметра вы можете изменить для него цвет переднего плана, фона и индикатора.

На этой вкладке также можно установить тип и размер шрифта. Рекомендуется использовать шрифт фиксированной ширины, например Courier New, так как он делает код более читабельным.

Обратите внимание, что настройки типа и размера шрифта останутся одинаковыми для всех типов кода (т. Е. Для всех типов кода, показанных в поле цвета кода).

Ниже приведено изображение, на котором я выбрал точку останова и могу изменить ее форматирование.

Примечание. Параметр «Полоса индикатора полей», когда он включен, показывает небольшую полоску полей слева от кода. Это полезно, так как показывает полезные индикаторы при выполнении кода. В приведенном выше примере, когда вы устанавливаете точку останова, она автоматически показывает красную точку слева от строки на полосе полей. В качестве альтернативы, чтобы установить точку останова, вы можете просто щелкнуть полосу полей слева от строки кода, которую вы хотите использовать в качестве точки останова.

По умолчанию полоса индикатора маржи включена, и я рекомендую оставить ее в таком состоянии.

Одна из моих студенток курса VBA нашла эти параметры настройки полезными, и она была дальтоник. Используя параметры здесь, она смогла установить цвет и форматы, которые упростили ей работу с VBA.

Вкладка Общие

На вкладке «Общие» есть много параметров, но изменять их не нужно.

Я рекомендую вам оставить все параметры как есть.

Одна из важных опций, о которых следует знать на этой вкладке, — это обработка ошибок.

По умолчанию выбран параметр «Прерывание по необработанным ошибкам», и я рекомендую оставить его таким же.

Этот параметр означает, что если ваш код обнаружит ошибку, и вы еще не обработали эту ошибку в своем коде, он сломается и остановится. Но если вы устранили ошибку (например, с помощью параметров «При ошибке возобновить следующий» или «При ошибке Перейти к»), то она не сломается (поскольку ошибки не обрабатываются).

Вкладка стыковки

На этой вкладке вы можете указать, какие окна вы хотите закрепить.

Закрепление означает, что вы можете зафиксировать положение окна (например, проводника проекта или окна свойств), чтобы оно не перемещалось, и вы могли просматривать все различные окна одновременно.

Если вы не установите док-станцию, вы сможете просматривать одно окно за раз в полноэкранном режиме, и вам придется переключаться на другое.

Я рекомендую оставить настройки по умолчанию.

The first step to working with VBA in Excel is to get yourself familiarized with the Visual Basic Editor (also called the VBA Editor or VB Editor).

In this tutorial, I will cover all there is to know about the VBA Editor and some useful options that you should know when coding in Excel VBA.

What is Visual Basic Editor in Excel?

Visual Basic Editor is a separate application that is a part of Excel and opens whenever you open an Excel workbook. By default, it’s hidden and to access it, you need to activate it.

VB Editor is the place where you keep the VB code.

There are multiple ways you get the code in the VB Editor:

  1. When you record a macro, it automatically creates a new module in the VB Editor and inserts the code in that module.
  2. You can manually type VB code in the VB editor.
  3. You can copy a code from some other workbook or from the internet and paste it in the VB Editor.

Opening the VB Editor

There are various ways to open the Visual Basic Editor in Excel:

  1. Using a Keyboard Shortcut (easiest and fastest)
  2. Using the Developer Tab.
  3. Using the Worksheet Tabs.

Let’s go through each of these quickly.

Keyboard Shortcut to Open the Visual Basic Editor

The easiest way to open the Visual Basic editor is to use the keyboard shortcut – ALT + F11 (hold the ALT key and press the F11 key).

Keyboard Shortcut to open Visual Basic Editor in Excel

As soon as you do this, it will open a separate window for the Visual Basic editor.

This shortcut works as a toggle, so when you use it again, it will take you back to the Excel application (without closing the VB Editor).

The shortcut for the Mac version is Opt + F11 or Fn + Opt + F11

Using the Developer Tab

To open the Visual Basic Editor from the ribbon:

  1. Click the Developer tab (if you don’t see a developer tab, read this on how to get it).
  2. In the Code group, click on Visual Basic.

Visual Basic Editor button in the ribbon

Using the Worksheet Tab

This is a less used method to open the Vb Editor.

Go to any of the worksheet tabs, right-click, and select ‘View Code’.

View code to open the VB Editor

This method wouldn’t just open the VB Editor, it will also take you to the code window for that worksheet object.

This is useful when you want to write code that works only for a specific worksheet. This is usually the case with worksheet events.

Anatomy of the Visual Basic Editor in Excel

When you open the VB Editor for the first time, it may look a bit overwhelming.

There are different options and sections that may seem completely new at first.

Also, it still has an old Excel 97 days look. While Excel has improved tremendously in design and usability over the years, the VB Editor has not seen any change in the way it looks.

In this section, I will take you through the different parts of the Visual Basic Editor application.

Note: When I started using VBA years ago, I was quite overwhelmed with all these new options and windows. But as you get used to working with VBA, you would get comfortable with most of these. And most of the time, you’ll not be required to use all the options, only a hand full.

Below is an image of the different components of the VB Editor. These are then described in detail in the below sections of this tutorial.

Different Parts of the VB Editor in Excel

Now let’s quickly go through each of these components and understand what it does:

Menu Bar

This is where you have all the options that you can use in the VB Editor. It is similar to the Excel ribbon where you have tabs and options with each tab.

You can explore the available options by clicking on each of the menu element.

You will notice that most of the options in VB Editor have keyboard shortcuts mentioned next to it. Once you get used to a few keyboard shortcuts, working with the VB Editor becomes really easy.

Tool Bar

By default, there is a toolbar in the VB Editor which has some useful options that you’re likely to need most often. This is just like the Quick Access Toolbar in Excel. It gives you quick access to some of the useful options.

You can customize it a little by removing or adding options to it (by clicking on the small downward pointing arrow at the end of the toolbar).

Add or Remove options in the toolbar

In most cases, the default toolbar is all you need when working with the VB Editor.

You can move the toolbar above the menu bar by clicking on the three gray dots (at the beginning of the toolbar) and dragging it above the menu bar.

Note: There are four toolbars in the VB Editor – Standard, Debug, Edit, and User form. What you see in the image above (which is also the default) is the standard toolbar. You can access other toolbars by going to the View option and hovering the cursor on the Toolbars option. You can add one or more toolbars to the VB Editor if you want.

Project Explorer

Project Explorer is a window on the left that shows all the objects currently open in Excel.

When you’re working with Excel, every workbook or add-in that is open is a project. And each of these projects can have a collection of objects in it.

For example, in the below image, the Project Explorer shows the two workbooks that are open (Book1 and Book2) and the objects in each workbook (worksheets, ThisWorkbook, and Module in Book1).

There is a plus icon to the left of objects that you can use to collapse the list of objects or expand and see the complete list of objects.

Project Explorer in Excel VBA Editor

The following objects can be a part of the Project Explorer:

  1. All open Workbooks – within each workbook (which is also called a project), you can have the following objects:
    • Worksheet object for each worksheet in the workbook
    • ThisWorkbook object which represents the workbook itself
    • Chartsheet object for each chart sheet (these are not as common as worksheets)
    • Modules – This is where the code that is generated with a macro recorder goes. You can also write or copy-paste VBA code here.
  2. All open Add-ins

Consider the Project Explorer as a place that outlines all the objects open in Excel at the given time.

The keyboard shortcut to open the Project Explorer is Control + R (hold the control key and then press R). To close it, simply click the close icon at the top right of the Project Explorer window.

Note: For every object in Project Explorer, there is a code window in which you can write the code (or copy and paste it from somewhere). The code window appears when you double click on the object.

Properties Window

Properties window is where you get to see the properties of the select object. If you don’t have the Properties window already, you can get it by using the keyboard shortcut F4 (or go to the View tab and click Properties window).

Properties window is a floating window which you can dock in the VB Editor. In the below example, I have docked it just below the Project Explorer.

Properties Window is docked below Project Explorer

Properties window allows us to change the properties of a selected object. For example, if I want to make a worksheet hidden (or very hidden), I can do that by changing the Visible Property of the selected worksheet object.

Changing the Visible Property of the Worksheet in Properties Window

Related: Hiding a Worksheet in Excel (that can not be un-hidden easily)

Code Window

There is a code window for each object that is listed in the Project Explorer. You can open the code window for an object by double-clicking on it in the Project Explorer area.

Code window is where you’ll write your code or copy paste a code from somewhere else.

When you record a macro, the code for it goes into the code window of a module. Excel automatically inserts a module to place the code in it when recording a macro.

Related: How to Run a Macro (VBA Code) in Excel.

Immediate Window

The Immediate window is mostly used when debugging code. One way I use the Immediate window is by using a Print.Debug statement within the code and then run the code.

It helps me to debug the code and determine where my code gets stuck. If I get the result of Print.Debug in the immediate window, I know the code worked at least till that line.

If you’re new to VBA coding, it may take you some time to be able to use the immediate window for debugging.

By default, the immediate window is not visible in the VB Editor. You can get it by using the keyboard shortcut Control + G (or can go to the View tab and click on ‘Immediate Window’).

Where to Add Code in the VB Editor

I hope you now have a basic understanding of what VB Editor is and what all parts it has.

In this section of this tutorial, I will show you where to add a VBA code in the Visual Basic Editor.

There are two places where you can add the VBA code in Excel:

  1. The code window for an object. These objects can be a workbook, worksheet, User Form, etc.
  2. The code window of a module.

Module Code Window Vs Object Code Window

Let me first quickly clear the difference between adding a code in a module vs adding a code in an object code window.

When you add a code to any of the objects, it’s dependent on some action of that object that will trigger that code. For example, if you want to unhide all the worksheets in a workbook as soon as you open that workbook, then the code would go in the ThisWorkbook object (which represents the workbook).

The trigger, in this case, is opening the workbook.

Similarly, if you want to protect a worksheet as soon as some other worksheet is activated, the code for that would go in the worksheet code window.

These triggers are called events and you can associate a code to be executed when an event occurs.

Related: Learn more about Events in VBA.

On the contrary, the code in the module needs to be executed either manually (or it can be called from other subroutines as well).

When you record a macro, Excel automatically creates a module and inserts the recorded macro code in it. Now if you have to run this code, you need to manually execute the macro.

Adding VBA Code in Module

While recording a macro automatically creates a module and inserts the code in it, there are some limitations when using a macro recorder. For example, it can not use loops or If Then Else conditions.

In such cases, it’s better to either copy and paste the code manually or write the code yourself.

A module can be used to hold the following types of VBA codes:

  1. Declarations: You can declare variables in a module. Declaring variables allows you to specify what type of data a variable can hold. You can declare a variable for a sub-routine only or for all sub-routines in the module (or all modules)
  2. Subroutines (Procedures): This is the code that has the steps you want VBA to perform.
  3. Function Procedures: This is a code that returns a single value and you can use it to create custom functions (also called User Defined Functions or UDFs in VBA)

By default, a module is not a part of the workbook. You need to insert it first before using it.

Adding a Module in the VB Editor

Below are the steps to add a module:

  1. Right-click on any object of the workbook (in which you want the module).Right click on any object
  2. Hover the cursor on the Insert option.
  3. Click on Module.Click on Module

This would instantly create a folder called Module and insert an object called Module 1. If you already have a module inserted, the above steps would insert another module.

Inserted Module in the VB Editor

Once the module is inserted, you can double click on the module object in the Project Explorer and it will open the code window for it.

Now you can copy-paste the code or write it yourself.

Removing the Module

Below are the steps to remove a module in Excel VBA:

  1. Right-click on the module that you want to remove.
  2. Click on Remove Module option.Remove Module for a Project in the VB Editor
  3. In the dialog box that opens, click on No.Prompt before a module is deleted

Note: You can export a module before removing it. It gets saved as a .bas file and you can import it in some other project. To export a module, right-click on the module and click on ‘Export file’.

Adding Code to the Object Code Window

To open the code window for an object, simply double-click on it.

When it opens, you can enter the code manually or copy-paste the code from other modules or from the internet.

Note that some of the objects allow you to choose the event for which you want to write the code.

For example, if you want to write a code for something to happen when selection is changed in the worksheet, you need to first select worksheets from the drop-down at the top left of the code window and then select the change event from the drop-down on the right.

Selection Change Event in VBA Code Window

Note: These events are specific to the object. When you open the code window for a workbook, you will see the events related to the workbook object. When you open the code window for a worksheet, you will see the events related to the worksheet object.

Customizing the VB Editor

While the default settings of the Visual Basic Editor are good enough for most users, it does allow you to further customize the interface and a few functionalities.

In this section of the tutorial, I will show you all the options you have when customizing the VB Editor.

To customize the VB Editor environment, click Tools in the menu bar and then click on Options.

This would open the Options dialog box which will give you all the customization options in the VB Editor. The ‘Options’ dialog box has four tabs (as shown below) that have various customizations options for the Visual Basic Editor.

Options to customize the Vb Editor

Let’s quickly go through each of these tabs and the important options in each.

Editor Tab

While the inbuilt settings work fine in most cases, let me still go through the options in this tab.

As you get more proficient working with VBA in Excel, you may want to customize the VB Editor using some of these options.

Auto Syntax Check

When working with VBA in Excel, as soon as you make a syntax error, you will be greeted by a pop-up dialog box (with some description about the error). Something as shown below:

Auto Syntax Check in Visual Basic Editor Options

If you disable this option, this pop-up box will not appear even when you make a syntax error. However, there would be a change in color in the code text to indicate that there is an error.

If you’re a beginner, I recommend you keep this option enabled. As you get more experienced with coding, you may start finding these pop-up boxes irritating, and then you can disable this option.

Require Variable Declaration

This is one option I recommend enabling.

When you’re working with VBA, you would be using variables to hold different data types and objects.

When you enable this option, it automatically inserts the ‘Option Explicit’ statement at the top of the code window. This forces you to declare all the variables that you’re using in your code. If you don’t declare a variable and try to execute the code, it will show an error (as shown below).

Varibale Not Declared Error in Excel VBA

In the above case, I used the variable Var, but I didn’t declare it. So when I try to run the code, it shows an error.

This option is quite useful when you have a lot of variables. It often helps me find misspelled variables names as they are considered as undeclared and an error is shown.

Note: When you enable this option, it does not impact the existing modules.

Auto List Member

This option is quite useful as it helps you get a list of properties of methods for an object.

For example, if I want to delete a worksheet (Sheet1), I need to use the line Sheet1.Delete.

While I am typing the code, as soon as I type the dot, it will show me all the methods and properties associated with the Worksheet object (as shown below).

Autolist Member Option in VB Editor

Auto list feature is great as it allows you to:

  • Quickly select the property and method from the list and saves time
  • Shows you all the properties and methods which you may not be aware of
  • Avoid making spelling errors

This option is enabled by default and I recommend keeping it that way.

Auto Quick Info Options

When you type a function in Excel worksheet, it shows you some information about the function – such as the arguments it takes.

Similarly, when you type a function in VBA, it shows you some information (as shown below). But for that to happen, you need to make sure the Auto Quick Info option is enabled (which it is by default).

Auto Quick Info Option in VB Editor

Auto Data Tips Options

When you’re going through your code line by line and place your cursor above a variable name, it will show you the value of the variable.

I find it quite useful when debugging the code or going through the code line by line which has loops in it.

Auto Data Tips Option in Visual Basic Editor Options

In the above example, as soon as I put the cursor over the variable (var), it shows the value it holds.

This option is enabled by default and I recommend you keep it that way.

Auto Indent

Since VBA codes can get long and messy, using indentation increases the readability of the code.

When writing code, you can indent using the tab key.

This option ensures that when you are done with the indented line and hit enter, the next line doesn’t start from the very beginning, but has the same indentation as the previous line.

Indentation enabled in the VB Editor code windows

In the above example, after I write the Debug.Print line and hit enter, it will start right below it (with the same indentation level).

I find this option useful and turning this off would mean manually indenting each line in a block of code that I want indented.

You can change the indentation value if you want. I keep it at the default value.

Drag and Drop Text Editing

When this option is enabled, it allows you to select a block of code and drag and drop it.

It saves time as you don’t have to first cut and then paste it. You can simply select and drag it.

This option is enabled by default and I recommend you keep it that way.

Default to Full Module View

When this option is enabled, you will be able to see all the procedures in a module in one single scrollable list.

If you disable this option, you will only be able to see one module at a time. You will have to make a selection of the module you want to see from the drop-down at the top right of the code window.

This option is enabled by default and I recommend keeping it that way.

One reason you may want to disable it when you have multiple procedures that are huge and scrolling across these is taking time, or when you have a lot of procedures and you want to quickly find it instead of wasting time in scrolling.

Procedure Separator

When this option is enabled, you will see a line (a kind of divider) between two procedures.

I find this useful as it visually shows when one procedure ends and the other one starts.

Procedure Separator Option in VB Editor

It’s enabled by default and I recommend keeping it that way.

Editor Format Tab

With the options in the Editor Format tab, you can customize the way your code looks in the code window.

Personally, I keep all the default options as I am fine with it. If you want, you can tweak this based on your preference.

To make a change, you need to first select an option in the Code Colors box. Once an option is selected, you can modify the foreground, background, and indicator color for it.

The font type and font size can also be set in this tab. It’s recommended to use a fixed-width font such as Courier New, as it makes the code more readable.

Note that the font type and size setting will remain the same for all code types (i.e., all the code types shown in the code color box).

Below is an image where I have selected Breakpoint, and I can change the formatting of it.

Editor Format Options in VB Editor

Note: The Margin Indicator Bar option when enabled shows a little margin bar to the left of the code. It’s helpful as it shows useful indicators when executing the code. In the above example, when you set a breakpoint, it will automatically show a red dot to the left of the line in the margin bar. Alternatively, to set a breakpoint, you can simply click on the margin bar on the left of the code line that you want as the breakpoint.

By default, Margin Indicator Bar is enabled and I recommend keeping it that way.

One of my VBA course students found this customization options useful and she was color blind. Using the options here, she was able to set the color and formats that made it easy for her to work with VBA.

General Tab

The General tab has many options but you don’t need to change any of it.

I recommend you keep all the options as is.

One important option to know about in this tab is Error Handling.

By default, ‘Break on Unhandled Errors’ is selected and I recommend keeping it that way.

This option means that if your code encounters an error, and you have not handled that error in your code already, then it will break and stop. But if you have addressed the error (such as by using On Error Resume Next or On Error Goto options), then it will not break (as the errors are not unhandled).

Docking Tab

In this tab, you can specify which windows you want to get docked.

Docking means that you can fix the position of a window (such as project explorer or the Properties window) so that it doesn’t float around and you can view all the different windows at the same time.

If you don’t dock, you will be able to view one window at a time in full-screen mode and will have to switch to the other one.

I recommend keeping the default settings.

Other Excel tutorials you may like:

  • How to Remove Macros From an Excel Workbook
  • Comments in Excel VBA (Add, Remove, Block Commenting)
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How to Use the VBA Editor in Excel: Quick Guide (2023)

How to Use the VBA Editor in Excel: Quick Guide (2023)

Excel’s Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) editor is a very powerful tool.

It lets you write and edit custom scripts that automate actions in Excel.

In fact, when you record a macro it is stored in VBA code in the VBA editor.

But writing a macro from the VBA editor directly gives you more flexibility than recording a macro in the traditional manner.

You can create better VBA code and complete more complicated tasks by working directly with Visual Basic for Applications.

In this tutorial, I show you the basics of how to use Excel’s VBA editor. Let’s get into it!

What is the VBA editor?

The Visual Basic editor, also called the VBA editor, VB editor, or VBE, is an interface for creating scripts.

VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) is the coding language that’s used to create these scripts.

excel visual basic editor example

Visual Basic is a full-featured programming language, but Microsoft Office’s very own VBA programming language is easier to get the hang of, so you can get started with developing applications much more quicker.

Kasper Langmann, Microsoft Office Specialist

If you’ve done any programming in an integrated development environment (IDE), the VBA editor in Excel will look familiar. It lets you create, manage, and run VBA code on your Excel spreadsheet.

Let’s take a look at how to open the Visual Basic editor and do a few basic things.

How to use the VBA editor in Excel

Before you start coding, you’ll need to open the VBA editor. To do this, head to the Developer tab and click the Visual Basic button:

visual basic editor from the developer tab

If you don’t see the Developer tab, go to File > Options > Customize Ribbon and make sure that the developer tab is checked in the right pane. If you want a more thorough explanation of how to add the developer tab in Excel, read it here.

You can also open the VBA editor with the shortcut key Alt + F11.

As you can see, the VBA editor is packed full of buttons, menu bars, and options. Don’t worry—we’ll go through the important ones in this guide.

Kasper Langmann, Microsoft Office Specialist

In this guide, we’ll focus on the most basic parts of the Visual Basic editor.

The project view, in the left, vertical, menu bar in the VBA editor, has a folder called Modules.

excel vba code window for writing code

This folder holds Excel VBA modules, which are like containers for VBA code. When you record macros, they’re included in a module.

Modules also contain the code window where you’ll be writing code (if you’re not recording it).

To add a new, empty module, click the Insert menu button and select Module.

excel visual basic editor tool bar

If there was no Modules folder in VBAProject, the folder will be created and there will be a new module inside of it. This is where you’ll put your Excel VBA code when you’re ready to write it.

To delete a module, right-click it in the left pane and select Remove [module name].

excel vba editor module code window

Excel will ask you to confirm the removal. You may export the module if you’d like to save it.

Finally, let’s look at running a macro from the Visual Basic Editor window.

After you’ve created a macro, either by coding it directly or recording it from the standard Excel interface, you can run it from this view.

To run a macro, just click the Run Macro button in the menu bar:

visual basic editor code window for storing modules with excel vba code

You can also press the shortcut key F5 on your keyboard to run the macro from the VBA editor.

PRO TIP: Change the name of a module

If you’re developing big spreadsheets with lots of VBA, all the macro codes won’t be able to fit in one single module. You’ll need more. You can easily add those from the menu bar, but as you add more, it becomes increasingly more difficult to figure out what macros are in what modules.

Luckily, you can easily change the name of a module in the Properties window.

Add the Properties code window from the Insert button on the menu bar.

If the Project window is missing

If it looks like this when you open the Visual Basic editor:

visual basic editor in excel no project explorer visible - only menu bar

The code window is missing, there’s no left vertical menu bar. Nothing is visible except the horizontal menu bar on top 🤷

You need to click on the ‘View’ tab on the menu bar, and then click to show the ‘Project Explorer’ window.

That’s it – Now what?

This was a simple Excel tutorial on getting started with the Visual Basic editor in Excel and should get you on the right track to write code (or record it).

Mastering the Excel VBA editor is important for both beginners and advanced Excel users.

When you write more VBA code, you’ll see that the Excel VBA editor becomes a better help for you in your work.

For instance, it helps you autocomplete your VBA coding with IntelliSense, helps you find syntax errors with auto syntax check, debug with the immediate window, uses the object code window, and much more.

For now, play around with the VBA editor to get a feel for where the buttons and menus are, and start getting used to the structure of VBA.

If you want to dive deeper into VBA programming, check out my free 30-minute VBA course here.

Other resources

The VBA editor is just a tiny portion of what macros are all about. You definitely need to check out my big VBA guide here.

Frequently asked questions

To open the Visual Basic Editor in Excel, follow these steps:

  1. Click the Developer tab.
  2. Click the Visual Basic button in the Code group on the Developer tab. This opens the VBA editor.
  3. Alternatively, you can open the VBA editor by pressing the Alt + F11 shortcut keys.

There is no need to install the VBA editor. It should already be available in your Excel program.

But you might be missing the developer tab. To add it:

  1. Click the File tab and Options.
  2. Then click the Customize Ribbon tab.
  3. Under Customize the Ribbon, in the right pane, select the Developer check box.
  4. Click OK.

Kasper Langmann2023-01-30T19:50:45+00:00

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Excel VBA Tutorial about the Visual Basic Editor (VBE)What is the aspect about learning macros and Visual Basic for Applications that you find more intimidating?

For some people, the answer will revolve around having to learn a new programming language and coding. However, if you’re anything like me, your answer will be the Visual Basic Editor (or VBE).

The first few times I opened the Visual Basic Editor I had no idea what I was looking at or what I was supposed to do. At the time, I really wished I had access to an Excel tutorial that explained the main features of the VBE comprehensively. Unfortunately, I didn’t find it.

Obviously, in the last few years I’ve come a long way. Nowadays, I have no problems using the Visual Basic Editor and feel quite comfortable working on it. However, sometimes I take a look around the Internet to see if I can find a good and comprehensive Excel tutorial about the VBE. The truth is that, as of the time of this writing, there are not that many online resources covering this in detail.

I find this a little bit surprising. After all, I’m sure about one thing:

Many people who are interested in learning macros and Visual Basic for Applications feel confused the first time they open the Visual Basic Editor. I know it because, as explained above, that happened to me. This is a pity because, in practice, you’re likely to constantly work with the VBE on your way to becoming a proficient VBA user.

The place where you’ll find those Code Windows is the Visual Basic Editor. Therefore, if you want to become an advanced macro and VBA user, you must understand how to use the VBE properly.

The importance of the Visual Basic Editor and the lack of resources covering the VBE in detail are the main reasons why I decided to write this Excel tutorial. In this post, I cover the following topics:

Enough with the introduction. Let’s get into the first topic of this Excel tutorial about the Visual Basic Editor.

The Visual Basic Editor is not exactly the same as Excel. It is actually a separate application, even though you’ll usually open it through Excel. In fact, in order for the VBE to be able to run, Excel must be open.

The main function of the VBE is to allow you to write and edit VBA code.

The Visual Basic Editor is sometimes referred to as the Integrated Development Environment (IDE). In this Excel tutorial, I use the first term (Visual Basic Editor or VBE) but don’t be confused if you see the second term being used in other places.

How To Open The Visual Basic Editor In Excel

You can open the VBE using either of the following methods:

  • Click on “Visual Basic” in the Developer tab of the Ribbon.

    Visual Basic button in Excel

  • Use the keyboard shortcut “Alt + F11”.

How Does The Visual Basic Editor Look

The basic VBE window can be divided in the following 6 sections, all of which I explain below. In reality, there are more components than those which appear in this screenshot (such as the Locals and Watch Windows) but, since they’re more advanced, I’ll cover them in a future Excel tutorial.

Visual Basic Editor window

The Visual Basic Editor:

  • Has several windows.
  • Is highly customizable.

As a consequence of the above, there is the possibility that your VBE window doesn’t look exactly as the screenshot above.

In fact, if this is the first time that you’re opening the Visual Basic Editor, you probably can’t see element #6 that appears in the lower part of the image above. The reason is that this particular window (known as the Immediate Window) is, by default, hidden. I explain how you can easily unhide it below.

As you get more familiar with the VBE, you’ll notice that you have a lot of flexibility regarding how the interface looks like. The Visual Basic Editor allows you to, for example:

  • Hide or un-hide windows.
  • Move or re-arrange windows.
  • Dock windows.

Let’s dive right in and understand the 6 main components of the Visual Basic Editor.

Component #1: Menu Bar

Menu bar of Visual Basic Editor

If you’ve been using computers for a reasonable amount of time, you’re probably quite familiar with menu bars. If that’s the case, the VBE menu bar is not very different from the other menu bars you’ve seen before.

The menu bar, basically, contains several drop-down menus. Each of the drop-down menus contains commands that you can use to interact and do things with the different components of the Visual Basic Editor.

One thing you’ll notice when clicking on any menu, is that several commands have a keyboard shortcut that is displayed at that point. Take a look, for example, at the Debug menu and notice all the keyboard shortcuts that appear on the right side of this image:

Debug menu in Visual Basic Editor

Component #2: Toolbar

Toolbar location in Visual Basic Editor

Again, if you’re a computer user, a toolbar is an item that you’ve probably seen many times before. You’re probably aware that a toolbar contains on-screen buttons, icons, menus and other similar elements that you can use while working with the VBE.

The toolbar that appears in the screenshot above is called the Standard toolbar. This is the only toolbar that the Visual Basic Editor displays by default. There are, however, 3 other basic toolbars:

  • The Debug toolbar.
  • The Edit toolbar.
  • The UserForm toolbar.

In addition to the above, the VBE gives you the possibility to customize the toolbars in several ways.

You can change all of these settings by going to the View menu and selecting “Toolbars”. The Visual Basic Editor displays a menu with the 4 different toolbars and the option to access the Customize dialog.

Toolbar settings in Visual Basic Editor

The toolbars with a checkmark to their left are those currently displayed by Excel. You can add or remove a checkmark in order to display or hide a particular toolbar by clicking on its name. For example, in the screenshot below, only the Standard toolbar is being displayed.

Standard toolbar in Visual Basic Editor

If you click on “Customize”, the Visual Basic Editor displays the Customize dialog, which looks as follows:

Customize dialog of Visual Basic Editor

Using this dialog box, you can control additional aspects regarding the toolbars that are displayed by the VBE. This includes, for example, the possibility of controlling the display of the Shortcut Menus toolbar or adding new toolbars.

You may be wondering what toolbar display set up is commonly applied by VBA users. In practice, there are different opinions.

  • Some advanced VBE users use the default settings.
  • However, other advanced VBA users display several toolbars.

You can also add commonly used commands that aren’t by default in the Standard toolbar.

Component #3: Project Window / Project Explorer

Project Window in Visual Basic Editor

The Project Window, also known as the Project Explorer, is useful for navigation purposes.

This is the section of the Visual Basic Editor where you’ll be able to find every single Excel workbook that is currently open. This includes add-ins and hidden workbooks. More particularly, each Excel workbook or add-in that is open at the moment appears in the Project Explorer as a separate project.

A project is (basically/simply) a set of modules. If it makes it easier to understand you can take John Walkenbach’s explanation in Excel VBA Programming for Dummies, who says that a project can be seen as “a collection of objects arranged as an outline”.

As explained by Walkenbach in Excel 2013 Power Programming with VBA, each project may have the following nodes:

  • A node called “Microsoft Excel Objects” always appears in any project. This node usually contains 2 types of objects:
    • #1: Each worksheet in the relevant Excel workbook. In other words, each of the worksheets is considered a separate object.
    • #2: The Excel workbook itself, called “ThisWorkbook”.
  • The Modules node appears when the project contains VBA modules.
  • If the project contains UserForm objects, which are used to create custom dialog boxes, the Project Explorer displays a node called “Forms”.
  • A project can also contain class modules (modules that define a class) and, in that case, the Project Window displays a node called “Class Modules”.
  • Finally, if a project has references, there is a node called “References”.

Let’s take a look at how all of this looks in the VBE interface:

In the screenshot below, the only project that appears is the Excel workbook “Book 1. xlsm”. Within the Microsoft Excel Objects node, you can see that the Excel workbook has 2 worksheets. Finally, this particular project contains 1 VBA module and, therefore, the Modules node is visible. There are, however, no UserForm objects, class modules or references. Therefore, the Forms, Class Modules and References nodes don’t appear.

Explanation of Project Explorer in VBE

You can expand or contract the items that appear in the outline by double-clicking on them or by clicking on the “+” or “-” that appear to the left of each item, depending on the case.

How to expand or collapse items in Project Window

You can also control whether the items that are displayed in the Project Window appear in a hierarchical or a non-hierarchical list. You change this setting by clicking on the Toggle Folders button of the Project Window.

Toggle Folders button in Visual Basic Editor

The screenshot above shows items being displayed in a hierarchical list. When displayed in a non-hierarchical list, the Project Window looks roughly as follows:

Project Explorer with non-hierarchical list

You can also hide or unhide the Project Explorer itself. I explain how to do this below.

How To Display The Project Window

If you can’t see the Project Explorer, you can make the Visual Basic Editor display it by using any of the following methods:

  • Clicking on “Project Explorer” in the View menu.

    How to show the Project Window in the Visual Basic Editor

  • Clicking on the Project Explorer icon in the toolbar.

    Project Explorer icon in VBE toolbar

  • Using the keyword shortcut “Ctrl + R”.

How To Hide The Project Window

You can hide the Project Explorer by using either of the following methods:

  • Clicking on the close button of the Project Window.

    Close button in Project Window of VBE

  • Right-clicking anywhere on the Project Explorer and selecting “Hide”.

    Option to hide Project Window of Visual Basic Editor

Component #4: Properties Window

Properties Window in Visual Basic Editor

The Properties Window displays the properties of the object that is currently selected in the Project Explorer and allows you to edit those properties.

Just as with the Project Window, you can hide or unhide the Properties Window. You’re likely to (eventually) work with the Properties Window, particularly in the context of creating UserForms. If you’re just beginning to use the VBE, you probably won’t need this window too much.

In any case, let’s take a look at how you can hide or unhide the Properties Window.

How To Unhide The Properties Window

You can get the Visual Basic Editor to show the Properties Window by using any of the following methods.

  • Clicking on “Properties Window” within the View menu.

    How to display the Properties Window in the VBE

  • Clicking on the Properties Window icon.

    Properties Window icon in VBE

  • Using the “F4” keyboard shortcut.

How To Hide The Properties Window

You can get the Visual Basic Editor to hide the Properties Window by doing either of the following:

  • Click on the Close button of the Properties Window.

    Close button of Properties Window in VBE

  • Right-click on the Properties Window and select “Hide”.

    How to hide Properties Window of Visual Basic Editor

Component #5: Programming Window / Code Window / Module Window

Programming Window in Visual Basic Editor

As you may expect, the Code Window of the Visual Basic Editor is where your VBA code appears, and where you can write and edit such code. At the beginning, though, the Programming Window is empty as in the screenshot above.

There is a Code Window for every single object in a project. You can access the window of a particular object by going to the Project Explorer and doing any of the following:

  • Double clicking on the object. The main exception to this rule are UserForms. If you double-click on a UserForm, the Visual Basic Editor displays the UserForm in Design view, a topic I’ll cover in future tutorials.
  • Selecting the object and, then, clicking on “Code” in the View menu.

    View code command in Visual Basic Editor

  • Selecting the object and clicking on the View Code icon that appears at the top of the Project Explorer.

    View code button in Project Explorer

  • Right-clicking on the object and selecting “View Code”.

    How to view code in Visual Basic Editor

  • Using the keyboard shortcut “F7”.

Component # 6: Immediate Window

The main purpose of the Immediate Window is to help you noticing errors, checking or debugging VBA code.

The Immediate Window is, by default, hidden. However, as with most of the other windows, you can unhide it. Let’ take a look at how you can do both the hiding and the un-hiding:

How To Unhide The Immediate Window

You can unhide the Immediate Window by doing either of the following:

  • Clicking on “Immediate Window” in the View menu.

    How to view the Immediate Window in the Visual Basic Editor

  • Using the “Ctrl + G” keyboard shortcut.

However, as explained in Excel VBA Programming for Dummies, if you’re just getting started with the VBE “this window won’t be all that useful”. Therefore, if you’re just beginning to work with macros and Visual Basic for Applications, you probably don’t need to display the Immediate Window.

If you’re a more advanced user, you’ll probably want to have the Visual Basic Editor show the Immediate Window, since this can be very useful.

How To Hide The Immediate Window

You can hide the Immediate Window using either of the following methods:

  • Click the Close button.

    How to hide the Immediate Window

  • Right-click on the Immediate Window and select “Hide”.

    Option to hide Immediate Window

You already know that:

  • The VBE allows you to customize several aspects.
  • On your way to becoming a macro and VBA expert you’ll probably spend a significant amount of time working with the Visual Basic Editor.

Therefore, its important to have a basic idea of…

How To Customize The Visual Basic Editor

If you want to customize the Visual Basic Editor, the first thing you’ll want to do is open the Options dialog. To do this, go to the Tools menu and click on “Options”.

Tools menu in Visual Basic Editor

The Options dialog looks roughly as follows.

Options dialog of Visual Basic Editor

As you can see, there are plenty of settings you can modify. In most cases, you can enable or disable an option by clicking on the blank box to the left of it. If there is a checkmark, the option is enabled. If the box is empty, the option is not enabled.

In the screenshot above, the only option that is not enabled is “Require Variable Declaration”.

Example of a disabled action in the Options dialog

For the moment, let’s take a look at some of the most common suggestions made by Excel experts. The following sections go separately through each of the 4 tabs in the Options dialog:

  • Editor.
  • Editor Format.
  • General.
  • Docking.

Tabs in Options dialog of Visual Basic Editor

Editor Tab

The Editor tab is where you can determine the settings for the Code Window and Project Window. Let’s take a look at the main settings of this tab.

Editor tab of Options dialog in VBE

Code Settings

Setting #1: Auto Syntax Check.

This option allows you to determine what happens when you make a syntax error while entering VBA code. There are 2 options:

  • If Auto Syntax Check is enabled, a dialog box pops up as soon as the VBE discovers that you’ve made a syntax error. This dialog box gives you a rough idea of what mistake you’ve made. Additionally, the Visual Basic Editor highlights the syntax error by using a different font color (usually red).

    Let’s take a look at the VBA code for a very simple macro that deletes rows when some of the cells are blank. The second statement of this macro is “Selection.EntireRow.SpecialCells(xlBlanks).EntireRow.Delete”. If, for example, I press the Enter key after “Selection.”, the Visual Basic Editor gives me the following warning signs:

    Auto Syntax Check enabled warning

  • If Auto Syntax Check is disabled, the Visual Basic Editor displays syntax errors in a different font color (usually red). Under this setting, no dialog boxes pop on your screen.

    In the case of the syntax error used as an example above, the VBE looks roughly as follows:

    Visual Basic Editor if Auto Syntax Check is disabled

Should you enable or disable the Auto Syntax Check?

This decision comes down to personal preference and knowledge of Visual Basic for Applications.

You may want to disable the Auto Syntax Check if you:

  • Think that having dialog boxes popping up anytime you make a syntax error is annoying.
  • Have enough knowledge of VBA in order to find out what is the problem with a statement that has a syntax error.

Some advanced VBA users are of the opinion that Auto Syntax Check should be disabled. The main reason for this is that the VBE highlights the error by (by default) using red font. In this context, the message box displayed by the VBE may be redundant.

However, if you’re a beginner, keeping the Auto Syntax Check enabled can be of great help.

Setting #2: Require Variable Declaration.

This option allows you to determine whether the Visual Basic Editor automatically inserts a statement at the beginning of any new VBA module to require that you define (explicitly) all the variables that you use in those modules. This statement is:

Option Explicit

Note that changing the Require Variable Declaration setting only affects future modules. Modules that are already in existence when you modify the setting are not affected.

As explained in Excel VBA Programming for Dummies, you should get used to defining explicitly all the variables that you use. In that sense, it may make sense to enable the Require Variable Declaration option. Some advanced VBA users say that you should enable Require Variable Declaration. One of the (main) benefits of enabling Require Variable Declaration is the fact it reduces the risk of errors arising out of misspelled variable names.

The case for enabling Require Variable Declaration is even stronger if you’re beginning to use the VBE. In this context, Require Variable Declaration (usually) saves you time when debugging and improves your understanding of Visual Basic for Applications.

Despite the above, some advanced Excel users keep this option turned off.

Setting #3: Auto List Members.

The Auto List Members settings allows you to determine whether, while you’re typing VBA code, the Visual Basic Editor displays a list of options that can be used to complete the statement you’re writing. The list generally includes methods and properties that may apply to the object that you’ve just finished typing.

Let’s see how this looks in practice by using the VBA code of the first macro that I explain in this blog post, and whose purpose is to delete an entire row if there are blank cells in specified cell range. In particular, let’s take a look at the second statement, which is “Range(“E6:E257″).Select” and see what happens while I’m typing it:

The screenshot below shows how the Visual Basic Editor automatically displays a list to help me complete the statement:

List when Auto List Members option is enabled

If you scroll down the list, you’ll notice that one of the suggestions included in that list is “Select”, which is what we’re looking for.

List with Select option in Visual Basic Editor

Auto List Members has several advantages, including the following:

  • The Visual Basic Editor may show you properties and methods that you weren’t aware of.
  • The list displayed by the VBE updates itself automatically as you type characters. For example, continuing with the same example as above, the screenshot below shows the suggestions made by the Visual Basic Editor after I’ve partially typed “Selection”:

    Example of Auto List Members in VBE

  • You can avoid typing. This is due to the fact that you can enter any of the members that appear in the list by selecting it and pressing the Tab key or double-clicking on the relevant member.
  • When you use Auto List Members, you reduce the risk of making syntax errors.

Overall, Auto List Members is probably one of the most helpful features of the Visual Basic Editor. Unless you have a very compelling reason to do otherwise, enable it.

Setting #4: Auto Quick Info.

The Auto Quick Info setting allows you to determine whether the Visual Basic Editor displays information about the arguments of functions, properties and methods as you type them.

To see how Auto Quick Info works in practice, let’s go back once more over the statement “Range(“E6:E257″).Select” which I used to illustrate the Auto List Members option above. The screenshot below shows how the VBE helps me while I am typing the range:

Example of Auto Quick Info in Visual Basic Editor

Just as the Auto List Members setting, Auto Quick Info is a really helpful feature that you’ll probably want to keep enabled.

Setting #5: Auto Data Tips.

Auto Data Tips works when you’re in break mode, where program execution is temporarily suspended. This occurs for example when debugging VBA code, a topic I will cover in future tutorials.

If Auto Data Tips is enabled, and you’re in break mode, the Visual Basic Editor displays the value of a variable when you place the cursor over it.

Let’s take a look at Auto Data Tips in action. For these purposes, I use the VBA code for a macro that deletes an entire row when the row is completely empty. This particular macro has 2 variables: aRow and BlankRows. In the screenshot below, Excel displays the value of the variable BlankRows (BlankRows = Nothing) when I place the cursor on top of it:

Auto Data Tips in Visual Basic Editor

This is another option that you’ll probably like to enable. This is particularly useful in the context of debugging.

Setting #6: Auto Indent.

This setting is self-explanatory. If you have Auto Indent enabled, the indentation of each line of VBA code is the same as the indentation of previous line.

In addition to the above, you can determine what is the indentation width by inputting a value in the Tab Width box. The default number of characters to indent is 4. The value you input here must be between 1 and 32.

Tab Width within VBE Options dialog

Some advanced VBA users use a different number of spaces (usually less than 4) for the tab width. The reasoning behind using less indentation is that it keeps code from extending too far into the right of the screen. Other advanced VBA users suggest that if you’re not using a fixed width font (as I suggest below), it may advisable to increase the number of characters (used to indent) to have clear levels of indentation in your Code Window.

To see how this works in practice, let’s take a look at the piece of VBA code that appears in the previous example where I illustrated Auto Data Tips. The full VBA code of that macro looks as follows:

Example of VBA code with indentation

You’ll notice that, near the end, there are three statements that have exactly the same indentation. The image below highlights them:

Screenshot of indented statements in VBE

Let’s assume that I am writing this piece of code and I’m about to type “BlankRows.Delete”, the second of the 3 statements I highlight in the image above:

  • If Auto Indent is turned on, once I press the Enter key after “Application.ScreenUpdating = False”, the VBE takes me to a new row with exactly the same indentation. Notice the location of the cursor in the screenshot below:

    example of auto indent in vbe

  • The result of pressing the Enter key is different if Auto Indent is not enabled. Check out what happens when this is the case and compare the location of the cursor between the image below and the image above:

    Now, the cursor appears at the left margin of the Programming Window, regardless of the indentation of the previous row.

    Example of Auto Indent turned off in VBE

Appropriate indentation is very important. Therefore, you’ll probably want to enable Auto Indent and set a tab width that works well for your particular circumstances and VBE settings.

Window Settings

Setting #1: Drag-and-Drop Text Editing.

If you enable the Drag-and-Drop Text Editing, the Visual Basic Editor allows you to move pieces of text by dragging and dropping them with your mouse.

Whether you enable this option or not depends on your own taste. I prefer to use the keyboard to copy and move pieces of VBA code. However, you may prefer to use the mouse to drag and drop.

Even if you don’t plan to use it much, enabling Drag-and-Drop Text Editing doesn’t do harm.

Setting #2: Default to Full Module View.

This option makes reference to, and regulates, how procedures are displayed in the Programming Window.

  • If Default to Full Module View is enabled, procedures generally appear as a single list in the Code Window.

    Take a look, for example, at how 3 macros for deleting rows with empty cells appear in the following screenshot.

    Example of defaulting to full module view

  • If the option is turned off, you’ll only be able to see 1 procedure at a time. You can use the Procedure Box, which is the drop-down menu at the upper right corner of the Programming Window, to switch between the different procedures.

    Continuing with the example of the macros for deleting rows with empty cells, this looks roughly as follows:

    Screenshot of full module view turned off

You can also turn the Full Module View on and off using the Procedure View (where you can only see 1 procedure at a time) and Full Module View (where you can see all the procedures as a single list) buttons that appear on the lower left corner of the Programming Window.

Procedure View and Full Module View buttons in VBE

This is another setting where personal taste is important. I leave Default to Full Module View enabled and my guess is that most Excel users would prefer to do the same.

Setting #3: Procedure Separator.

This setting is kind of self-explanatory. If enabled, it separates the procedures in the Code Window with a bar. This looks roughly as follows:

Procedure separators in Visual Basic Editor

Without procedure separators, the Code Window (with the same macros that appear above) looks roughly as follows:

Screenshot of VBE without procedure separators

You’d probably agree that the first screen is more organized and makes it easier to distinguish between the different procedures. If that’s the case, you’d prefer to enable Procedure Separators.

In certain cases, there may be reasons to disable Procedure Separators but this is not very common.

Editor Format Tab

As implied by its name, the Editor Format tab is where you can format the editor. In other words, here is where you can customize the way the VBA code looks.

Editor Format tab in Visual Basic Editor

On the right side of the Options dialog, you’ll notice that there is a Sample box. Here is where the VBE provides you an example of how the text in the Visual Basic Editor looks under the current settings. For example:

Sample in Editor Format tab of Options dialog

The Editor Format regulates the way the Visual Basic Editor looks using 4 sections. Let’s take a look at each of them.

Section #1: Code Colors.

Code colors settings in Visual Basic Editor

The Code Colors settings allows you to determine 3 characteristics for any type of text: font color, highlighting color and margin indicator. You can adjust these settings in 2 simple steps.

Step #1: Determine The Category Of Text You Want To Configure.

You can select which type of text you want to adjust by selecting it in the first list that appears on the upper left corner of the Options dialog.

Types of text in Visual Basic Editor

Step #2: Adjust The Foreground, Background and Indicator Settings.

Once you’ve selected the type of text whose settings you want to modify, you can proceed to set the following 3 characteristics by using the relevant drop-down menus:

  • The font color, determined by “Foreground” in the Options dialog.

    How to set font color in Visual Basic Editor

  • The highlighting color, set by “Background”.

    How to set text highlighting color in Visual Basic Editor

  • Whether the Visual Basic Editor displays an indicator on the margin of the Programming Window, and the color of that indicator.

    How to set up indicators in Visual Basic Editor

In order to understand how this looks in practice, let’s take a look at the default settings for 2 types of text.

  • As you’ve seen above (when reading about the Auto Syntax Check option), the Visual Basic Editor highlights syntax errors by making their font color red (by default).

    The following screenshot shows the configuration for this type of text in the Options dialog:

    Syntax Error Text in Editor Format tab

  • One of the screenshots I use above (when explaining Auto Data Tips) shows text highlighted in yellow. This is known as Execution Point Text and its configuration looks as follows:

    Execution Point Text in Visual Basic Editor

Code Color settings are, as many other of these settings, a matter of personal taste. I prefer to leave the default colors. However, you may want to play around with the settings to find the configuration you like the most.

Section #2: Font.

As you probably expect, Font settings allow you to determine which font is used to display the VBA code in the Programming Window.

The default font is Courier New and my suggestion is that you keep it. The reason for this is that this font is fixed-width. In fixed-width fonts:

  • All of the characters are the same width; and (therefore)
  • Use the same amount of horizontal space.

This (usually) enhances the readability of your VBA code. For example:

  • All characters are appropriately aligned; and
  • You can (more) easily identify multiple or missing spaces.

Section #3: Size.

This is another setting that is self-explanatory. Here is where you can specify the font size used in the Code Window. This setting is a matter of personal taste, although factors such as the monitor you’re using may affect your decision.

Section #4: Margin Indicator Bar.

You can use this setting to determine whether to turn on or off the margin indicator bar.

So, what is the margin indicator bar?

This is the grey bar that appears on the left side of the Programming Window of the VBE. It displays very useful indicators that’ll help you, for example, when debugging your VBA code.

In the last screenshot above, I showed you the Code Colors settings for Execution Point Text. Now, let’s take a look at how Execution Point Text appears in the Code Window. Notice the indicator for this text in the margin indicator bar.

Screenshot with margin indicator bar in VBE

This is one of the settings that you’ll want to turn on. As mentioned above, margin indicators can be very useful when working on the Visual Basic Editor.

General Tab

The General tab of the Options dialog contains settings that fall in a variety of categories such as form, error handling and compiling. Additionally, several of them are relevant only for more advanced topics, such as debugging. Therefore, I only provide a rough explanation of the different options that are available in this tab.

When you’re starting to work with the VBE, the default settings in this tab (usually) work well enough.

General tab of Options dialog in Visual Basic Editor

Setting #1: Form Grid Settings.

Form Grid Settings allow you to control the way in which the VBE handles UserForms. This is a more advanced topic that I may cover in future tutorials.

Setting #2: Show ToolTips.

ToolTips are descriptions that the Visual Basic Editor can display in order to help you understand a particular toolbar button. If Show ToolTips is enabled, ToolTips are displayed automatically whenever you hover over a particular button.

As an example, the following image shows the ToolTip for the Project Explorer button in the VBE Standard toolbar:

Screenshot of ToolTips in Visual Basic Editor

Having ToolTips enabled is generally considered useful.

Setting #3: Collapse Proj. Hides Windows.

This option does what its title says: when you collapse a project in the Project Explorer, it hides any window related to that particular project. This (generally) applies to project, UserForm, object or module windows.

Let’s take a look at how this looks in practice. Notice how, in the following image, the project “Book 1.xlsm” is expanded and you can see the Programming Window that corresponds to Module1.

Example of expanded project in VBE

Compare the above with the next screenshot. In this image, I have simply collapsed the project in the Project Window. As a result, all related windows (the most prominent being the Code Window) are hidden.

Screenshot of collapsed project in VBE

If you expand the project again, the windows that have been hidden are restored in their previous positions.

Enabling Collapse Proj. Hides Windows is, usually, a good idea.

Setting #4: Edit and Continue & Notify Before State Loss.

When the Notify Before State Loss setting is enabled, the VBE issues you a notification if the following conditions are met:

  • You’re running VBA code.
  • You attempt to do something that requires the resetting of all the variables in the module.

Setting #5: Error Trapping.

As implied by its name, error trapping makes reference to how errors are trapped and handled when the VBA code runs.

Let’s take a quick look at what each of the 3 available options does:

  • If you choose “Break on All Errors”, break mode is entered whenever there is an error in the VBA code. This includes cases where there may be an error handler or the code is in a class module. This option may be useful when doing debugging. However, at the beginning, I suggest that you don’t choose it.
  • When “Break in Class Module” is enabled, break mode is entered if there is an error in the VBA code within a class module. This is the setting suggested by several advanced VBA users.
  • “Break on Unhandled Errors” is the default setting. This is also the choice suggested by several advanced VBA users. Under this setting, break mode won’t be entered as long as there is an error handler that traps the error. However, if there is no adequate error handler, break mode is entered.

Setting #6: Compile.

The Compile settings allow you to control the moment at which VBA code is compiled.

Why is this important?

At this moment is not necessary to go too deep into the concept of compiling. For the moment, is enough to understand that applications written in a particular programming language (which can’t be executed by a computer) need to be transformed into another language (that can be executed by the computer). More precisely:

  • VBA code must be compiled before it can be executed; but
  • Not (absolutely) all VBA code in a project must be compiled before certain (usually the initial) parts of the VBA code can start running.

With this in mind, let’s take a look at the 2 options that appear in the General tab.

Option #1: Compile On Demand.

Compile On Demand means that the Visual Basic Editor compiles the VBA code as is needed. Let’s take a look at an example to understand how Compile On Demand works:

Let’s assume, for example, that you’re working with 5 procedures named “Procedure1” through “Procedure5”. You want to first run Procedure1. Procedure1 calls Procedure2 which, in turn, calls Procedure3. Procedure3 doesn’t call any further procedures.

If Compile On Demand is enabled, Procedure1 is the only procedure that is compiled at the beginning of the process described above. No additional code (from the other procedures) is compiled until the relevant procedure is called. Once Procedure1 calls Procedure2, the code of Procedure2 is compiled. Similarly, once Procedure2 calls Procedure 3, Procedure3 is compiled. Since Procedure4 and Procedure5 aren’t called, their codes are not compiled.

If Compile On Demand is disabled, the code of all the procedures (Procedure1 through Procedure5) is compiled before Procedure1 starts running. As you can imagine, under this scenario, the procedure you want to execute starts running a little bit later since there is more code to be compiled. Additionally, you won’t be able to run the procedure you want (Procedure1) if there is any language or compile error in any of the other procedures (Procedure2 to Procedure5).

Option #2: Background Compile.

This option is only available if you have enabled Compile On Demand. As implied by its name, Background Compile means that idle time is used for purposes of finish compiling a program in the background.

Docking Tab

The Docking tab is used to set the behavior of the different windows of the Visual Basic Editor. More precisely, is used to determine whether a tab docks, a concept that I explain below.

Screenshot of Docking tab in Visual Basic Editor

A window is dockable if the box to its left has a checkmark. Otherwise, the window isn’t dockable. In the screenshot below, the only window that isn’t dockable is the Object Browser.

Example of a non-dockable window in Visual Basic Editor

You may be wondering what exactly happens when a window is dockable. The difference between being dockable and not is the following:

  • When a window is docked, the VBE fixes that window in a certain spot along one of the edges of the Visual Basic Editor window.

    Check out, for example, how the Project Explorer and the Properties Window are fixed along the left edge of the VBE window:

    Example of docked windows in Visual Basic Editor

  • If windows are not docked, you just have a bunch of windows within the VBE.

    Compare the screenshot above with the following image, where the Project and Properties Windows are not docked. This image is only for illustration purposes. You can maximize and minimize these windows by clicking on the relevant buttons at the top right hand of the relevant window.

    Screenshot of VBE with non-docked windows

As you probably expect, I suggest that you dock most windows. Having the different VBE windows docked makes it easier to locate the window that you need when you need it, and generally improves the user experience.

If your screen is not big enough to dock the windows along the edges of the VBE, you may want to undock some of them. If you do this, you’ll probably have to switch between windows in order to get to the one you want. The advantage of having few (or none) docked windows is that you’ll have more space for your Code Window.

How To Add VBA Modules

When you record a macro, Excel automatically inserts a module into the Excel workbook you choose before beginning to record. However, there are other opportunities where you may want to add other VBA modules. You can do this by using either of the following methods.

How To Add A VBA Module: Method #1

Under this method, you can add a VBA module to a project in 2 easy steps.

Step #1: Select Project To Add Module To.

Go to the Project Explorer and select the project to which you want to add a module. For example, in the screenshot below, a module would be added to “VBAProject (Book 1.xlsm)”, which is the only open project.

Project in which module would be added

Step #2: Insert Module.

Go to the Insert menu and select “Module”.

How to insert a module in the Visual Basic Editor

How To Add A VBE Module: Method #2

In this case, you add a module by right-clicking on the relevant project (in the Project Window), choosing “Insert” and clicking on “Module”.

How to insert a module in VBE

How To Remove VBA Modules

Just as you can add new VBA modules to a project, you can remove them by using either of the 2 methods explained below. As a general rule, you can only remove VBA modules. You cannot remove other code modules, such as those for:

  • Worksheets (Sheet#); or
  • The workbook (ThisWorkbook).

How To Remove A VBA Module: Method #1

In this method, you can remove a VBA module by following 2 simple steps.

Step #1: Select Module To Be Removed.

Go to the Project Window and select the relevant module. For example, if you wanted to remove “Module2”.

Selected module in Project Window of VBE

Step #2: Remove Module.

Go to the File menu and select “Remove module_name”, where “module_name” stands for the name of the module you want to remove. For example, when removing “Module2”, the File menu looks roughly as follows:

How to remove module in VBE using File menu

How To Remove A VBA Module: Method #2

Under this method, you simply right-click on the relevant module in the Project Explorer and select “Remove module_name”. For example, in the case of “Module2”:

Remove a module in Visual Basic Editor

Regardless of which of the 2 methods above you use to remove a VBA module, the Visual Basic Editor displays a dialog asking you whether you want to export the module before actually removing it.

Dialog asking whether to export VBA module before removing

Most of the times, the reason why you’re removing a VBA module is because you don’t need the VBA code within it. In those cases, click “No”.

If, for any reason, you actually want to export the module, click on “Yes”. However, if you are interested in learning how to export objects in the Visual Basic Editor, take a look at the next section of this Excel tutorial…

How To Export Or Import An Object In The Visual Basic Editor

Let’s assume that you’re working on a VBA project and want to be able to access a particular object separately and use it, for example, in future VBA projects or share it with your colleagues. To do this, you need to learn how to export and import objects in the VBE.

But first, let’s define exporting and importing:

  • Exporting an object means taking a particular VBA object from a VBA project and saving it in a separate file. Graphically, this looks as follows:

    Process of exporting a VBA object

  • Importing is, basically, the opposite of exporting. More precisely, it means taking a VBA object from a separate file and into a particular VBA project. Graphically:

    Process of importing a VBA object

You can’t export the objects that appear under the References node in the Project Explorer.

Also, if you export a UserForm object, the code associated with that UserForm is also exported. Therefore, exporting a UserForm actually creates 2 separate files.

Now, let’s take a look at how to export an object in the Visual Basic Editor…

How To Export An Object In The Visual Basic Editor

First of all, if your purpose for exporting an object is to use it another project, you may not need to go through the whole exporting and importing process. In most cases, you can simply do the following to have the object in both projects:

  • Open both the original and the destination projects.
  • Use the mouse to drag the relevant object from the original project to the destination project.

If you still need to export an object using the Visual Basic Editor, simply follow these 3 easy steps.

Step #1: Select The Object You Want To Export.

Go to the Project Window and click on the VBA object you want to export. For example, if you want to export Module2:

Select object to export in Project Window

Step #2: Instruct The VBE To Export The Object.

You can instruct the Visual Basic Editor to export the object by using either of the following methods:

  • Clicking on “Export File…” in the File menu:

    Export File option in Visual Basic Editor

  • Right-clicking on the object you want to export and selecting “Export File…”.

    Export File in context menu of VBE

  • Using the “Ctrl + E” keyboard shortcut.

Step #3: Save The File.

Once you’ve instructed the VBE to export the object, the Export File dialog appears.

Export File dialog in VBE

This dialog probably looks quite familiar. Here you get to save the exported object as any other file. Basically, choose the folder you want to save the file in (in the screenshot below is “Example”), give the file a name (in the image below is “Module2”) and click “Save”.

How to save an exported file in Visual Basic Editor

Note that, as explained in Excel VBA Programming for Dummies, the type of file that is saved depends on the type of object that you’re actually exporting. In all of the cases, however, the result is a text file.

You don’t need to worry about this too much, as the Visual Basic Editor tells you automatically what is the type of the file to be saved. In the example above, Module2 is a Basic File (*.bas).

Type of file for an exported object in VBE

Once you’ve completed the 3 steps above, the object is saved in a separate file. You can now, among others, share the exported object with your colleagues or use it yourself in other VBA projects.

Exported VBA object file

This exported file is only a copy of the original VBA object. Therefore, the Visual Basic Editor keeps the original object in the project and you can continue working with it as usual.

Original object that has been exported in VBE

How To Import An Object In The Visual Basic Editor

You can import an object in the Visual Basic Editor in 3 simple steps.

Step #1: Select The Project.

Go to the Project Window and select the project into which you want to import the object.

For example, if you want to import the object into the Excel workbook named “Book 1.xlsm”:

Project selection for importing in Visual Basic Editor

Step #2: Instruct The VBE To Import An Object.

You can give the Visual Basic Editor the instruction to import an object in any of the following 3 ways:

  • Go to the File menu and click on “Import File…”.

    Import File option in File menu

  • Right-click on the project and select “Import File…”.

    How to import a file in the Visual Basic Editor

  • Use the “Ctrl + M” keyboard shortcut.

Step #3: Select The File To Be Imported.

After you’ve instructed the Visual Basic Editor to import a file, the Import File dialog is displayed.

Import File dialog in Visual Basic Editor

You’ve probably seen very similar dialog boxes before and, therefore, are probably quite familiar with them. Here, you just need to:

  • Find the file that you want to import.
  • Select the file and click on the Open button on the lower right corner of the screen, or simply double click on the file name.

For example, if you wanted to import the module that was exported in the example above and which is named “Module2”:

File selection to import object into VBA project

Conclusion

If you plan on becoming an expert on macros and Visual Basic for Applications, you’ll have to understand and master working with the Visual Basic Editor. Even though the VBE may look intimidating at first, you now know enough about it to start using it appropriately and start creating macros now.

Since this tutorial is aimed at VBA beginners, I haven’t covered a few advanced topics. If you want to be informed about future tutorials, including those that cover more advanced VBE matters, please enter your email below.

Books Referenced In This Excel Tutorial

  • Walkenbach, John (2013). Excel VBA Programming for Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Walkenbach, John (2013). Excel 2013 Power Programming with VBA. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

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