Choose the best word to fill each gap from the alternatives given below

1. We used to have four layers of management but now we have only

two.

2. I am an independent software designer. At the moment, I’m working for three companies.

3. I don’t know whether my job here is safe. I could be out of work next month.

4. In 1999 we had 430 employees. Now there are only 280.

5. We used to do our printing in-house, but now it’s done by a company in Hong Kong.

6. I was a shop floor supervisor but then they made me manager of the whole production plant.

7. Our company has been completely reorganized to make it more efficient.

8. Now that we have reduced our costs, we are making much more money.

a. downsize

b. delayer

c. restructure

d. outsource

e. promotion

f. freelance

g. dismiss

h. profit

i. insecurity

Оформите ответы в виде таблицы:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Choose the best word from the brackets to fill the gap.

1. I didn’t like the way the company was being run so I __________ . (resigned/sacked/terminated)

2. They laid __________ people in March and 50 more in September. (on/off/out)

3. I joined this company because the career __________ is excellent. (path/way/contract)

4. I have regular performance __________ with my manager. (advice/ support/reviews)

5. We now have fewer employees and so the company is much

__________ . (efficient/leaner/fatter)

6. I have worked my way up and now I am a __________ manager. (main/old/senior)

7. She was __________ for copying company software on to her PC. (fired/promoted/retired)

8. I was appointed on a __________ contract so my job isn’t very safe. (permanent/full-time/temporary)

9. When you join a company now you can’t expect a __________ for life. (job/work/career)

10. If you break the safety rules you can be __________ immediately. (downsized/dismissed/delayered)

Оформите ответы в виде таблицы:

Organizations

Draw a line from each word on the left to a word on the right to make a word pair. There is one extra word that you don’t have to use.

1. big industry

2. corporate commerce

3. self employed

4. e- business

5. free enterprise

6. enterprise departments

7. nationalized profits

zone

Оформите ответы в виде таблицы:

Choose the best word to fill each gap from the alternatives given below. Put a circle around the letter, A, B, C of the word you choose.

“The company of eastern Europe has changed a lot. Twenty years ago, the main industries were completely nationalized and many companies were owned by the (1) __________ They did not work well. They were

inefficient and (2) __________ .Now governments are trying to (3)

__________ them, but it is not easy to find (4) __________ People don’t want to put money into the old companies. However, some people are happy to (5) __________ their money on new business and there are signs that a new enterprise (6) __________ is growing”.

	A	B	C
	nation	state	country
	automatic	diplomatic	bureaucratic
	privatize	nationalize	enterprise
	A corporations	firms	investors
	save	risk	sell
	culture	commerce	concern

Оформите ответы в виде таблицы:

Choose the best word to fill each gap from the alternatives given below. Put a circle around the letter, A, B, C of the word you choose.

Aberdeen Reliance is one of the country’s smaller life insurance companies. It was set up in 1920 as a (1) __________. This means that the 15,000 people who have insurance policies with the company are (2)

__________. These, in theory, own all the (3) __________ and there are no (4) __________. Last year, the board of directors wanted to sell the company to a large American (5) __________, but first they had to get the policy holders to agree to (6) __________. This was heavily defeated, proving that people still value the traditional status of the company.

	A	B	C
	mutual	public	incorporated
	partners	directors	members
	profits	salaries	expenses
	customers	traders	shareholders
	corporation	sectors	proprietor
	freelancing	demutualization	limiting

Оформите ответы в виде таблицы:

Innovation and Invention

Fill the gap in each sentence by writing the correct form of the verb given in brackets.

1. Suzanne King is in charge of product __________ at Westworld Electronics. (develop)

2. I want to be a graphic __________ when I graduate. (design)

3. I think that the Internet is the greatest __________ of the past 50 years. (innovate)

4. We are looking for someone with __________ of databases and spreadsheets. (know)

5. Christopher Cockerell was the __________ of the hovercraft. (invent)

6. You have to pay a lot to get a good software __________ . (develop)

7. Have you seen her __________ for the new shopping centre? (design)

Оформите ответы в виде таблицы:

Draw a line from each word on the left to a word on the right to make a word pair. There is one extra word that you don’t have to use. Then use your word pairs to complete the sentences below.

1. product development

2. patent license

3. cutting property

4. research application

5. under copyright

6.
intellectual center

edge

Оформите ответы в виде таблицы:

1. We have made a __________ to stop people copying our invention.

2. Our drug for pain relief is made __________ in 32 countries.

3. I’m in charge of __________ at Minnow Technologies.

4. We use the latest technologies to keep our products at the _________ .

5. We took them to court because the original idea was our _________ .

6. We test all new drugs at our __________ in Zurich.

Оформите ответы в виде таблицы:

Choose the best word from the brackets to fill the gap.

1. I bought a PC just five years ago and now it is __________ . (innovative/obsolete)

2. I think that the __________ of computer control systems is fascinating. (technology/knowledge)

3. Advanced, __________ systems are great, but there is more to go wrong. (low-tech/hi-tech)

4. I receive a __________ of 10% on all my books that the publisher sells. (royalty/license)

5. Finding out how antibiotics work was a tremendous __________ . (breakthrough/breakout)

Оформите ответы в виде таблицы:

Buyers, Sellers and the Market

Choose the best word from the brackets to fill each gap.

1. Our __________ includes several multinational companies. (clientele/economy)

2. We wanted to buy the house but the __________ was asking for ₤300.000. (purchase/vendor)

3. The government brought in several market __________ to strengthen the economy. (reforms/pressures)

4. Until 1998, the government fixed all the prices, but now we have a

__________ market. (free/state)

5. It’s only a small shop, but we serve nearly 200 __________ a day. (consumers/customers)

6. Most of our __________ are small businesses. (market/users)

Оформите ответы в виде таблицы:

Draw a line from each word on the left to a word on the right to make a word pair. There is one extra word that you don’t have to use. Then use your word pairs to complete the sentences below.

1. customer users

2. end manager

3. street forces

4. purchasing consumer

5. market vendor

base

Оформите ответы в виде таблицы:

1. He started out as a __________ selling hot dogs from a van.

2. We publish school textbooks, so our __________ are the students.

3. We’ve built up a really strong __________ over the past five years.

4. Their product is too expensive, so __________ will soon make them drop the price.

5. She is the __________ for the country’s leading chain of shoe shops.

Оформите ответы в виде таблицы:

ГЛОССАРИЙ

accountant–бухгалтерadvertise–рекламировать

advertising–реклама,рекламное делоafford–позволять себе

allowance–денежное пособиеapply for–подавать заявлениеappointment–встречаbenefits–льготы,выгоды

blue collar– «синий воротничок»,производственный рабочийboard of directors–совет директоров

bonus–бонус,премияbreakout–распределениеbreakthrough–прорывcatering–общественное питание

CEO(Chief Executive Officer) –генеральный директорCFO(Chief Financial Officer) –финансовый директорchurn out–выпускать потоком,штамповатьclientele–клиентура

competition–конкуренцияconsumer–потребитель

continuous improvement–постоянное улучшение

COO(Chief Operating Officer) –руководитель административнойслужбы, руководитель по производственным вопросам

costs–издержки

covering letter–сопроводительное письмоcurriculum vitae–резюме

customers–потребители

cutting edge–острие,выигрышное качество,центр деятельностиdirector–директор

dismiss–увольнятьdownsize–сокращатьearn–зарабатывать

employee–работник,сотрудник

employment agency–бюро по трудоустройствуendorsement–поддержка,подтверждение,одобрениеenterprise zone–зона предпринимательстваexecutive–исполнительный,руководитель

financial services–финансовые услугиfire–увольнять,выгонять с работыfirst aid–первая помощь

flexitime–скользящий график,свободный режим работыforecast–прогноз

free enterprise–свободное предпринимательствоfreelance–внештатный сотрудник,фрилансер

full-time–полная занятость,занимающий полный рабочий деньget-up–наряд,формат

hazard–риск,опасность

headhunter–охотник за профессионалами(об агенте или агент-стве по найму персонала)

healthcare–здравоохранениеhovercraft–судно на воздушной подушке

human resources–персонал,трудовые ресурсыin charge of–возглавлять

interview–собеседованиеleisure–отдых

loyalty card–карточка постоянного покупателяmanufacturer–производитель

medium–способ,средствоmogul–магнат

mystery shopper–тайный покупатель,мнимый покупательobsolete–устаревший

outsource–нанимать персонал на сторонеovercapacity–избыток производительных мощностейpayroll–платежная ведомость,фонд заработной платыperks–льгота,привилегия

permanent–постоянный

production team–производственная бригадаprofit–выгода,прибыль,доход

promote–продвигать по службеpromotion–продвижение по службеproperty–собственностьproprietor–собственник,владелец

purchasing manager–начальник отдела снабженияquality control–контроль качества

recruit–нанимать на работуrepetitive–повторяющийся,скучныйresearcher–исследователь

resign–подавать в отставкуresponsibility–ответственностьresponsible for–ответственный заretail–розничная торговляretire–уходить на пенсиюrollout–массовый выпускroyalty–роялти,плата

sack–увольнять

salary–заработная плата,окладsenior–старший

shares–акции

shop floor–торговый залshortlist–окончательный списокspecs–технические требования

spot check–выборочная проверка,ревизияspreadsheet– (электронная)таблицаstart—off–начинать,начинание

start-up–ввод в эксплуатацию,недавно созданная компанияsurvey–исследование

team player–сотрудник,умеющий работать в коллективеtelecommuter–сотрудник,работающий на домуtemporary–временный

terminate–увольнять,заканчиватьtips–чаевые

trial–пробная версияvendor–торговец

VP(Vice President) –вице-президентwage–заработная плата

white-collar– «белый воротничок»,человек,работающий в офисеworkforce–рабочая сила

КЛЮЧИ

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1	2	3	4	5	6

3. Choose the best word to fill each gap from the alternatives given below. Put a circle around the letter, A, B, C of the word you choose.

Aberdeen Reliance is one of the country’s smaller life insurance companies. It was set up in 1920 as a (1) __________. This means that the 15,000 people who have insurance policies with the company are (2) __________. These, in theory, own all the (3) __________ and there are no (4) __________. Last year, the board of directors wanted to sell the company to a large American (5) __________, but first they had to get the policy holders to agree to (6) __________. This was heavily defeated, proving that people still value the traditional status of the company.

1	A mutual	B public	C incorporated
2	A partners	B directors	C members
3	A profits	B salaries	C expenses
4	A customers	B traders	C shareholders
5	A corporation	B sectors	C proprietor
6	A freelancing	B demutualization	C limiting

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1	2	3	4	5	6

9. INNOVATION AND INVENTION

1. Fill the gap in each sentence by writing the correct form of the verb given in brackets.

1. Suzanne King is in charge of product __________ at Westworld Electronics. (develop)

2. I want to be a graphic __________ when I graduate. (design)

3. I think that the Internet is the greatest __________ of the past 50 years. (innovate)

4. We are looking for someone with __________ of databases and spreadsheets. (know)

5. Christopher Cockerell was the __________ of the hovercraft. (invent)

6. You have to pay a lot to get a good software __________ (develop)

7. Have you seen her __________ for the new shopping centre? (design)

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

2. Draw a line from each word on the left to a word on the right to make a word pair. There is one extra word that you don’t have to use. Then use your word pairs to complete the sentences below.

1. product	development
2. patent	license
3. cutting	property
4. research	application
5. under	copyright
6. intellectual	center
	edge

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

1. We have made a __________ to stop people copying our invention.

2. Our drug for pain relief is made __________ in 32 countries.

3. I’m in charge of __________ at Minnow Technologies.

4. We use the latest technologies to keep our products at the __________

5. We took them to court because the original idea was our __________

6. We test all new drugs at our __________ in Zurich.

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1
2
3
4
5
6

3. Choose the best word from the brackets to fill the gap.

1. I bought a PC just five years ago and now it is __________ (innovative/obsolete)

2. I think that the __________ of computer control systems is fascinating. (technology/knowledge)

3. Advanced, __________ systems are great, but there is more to go wrong. (low-tech/hi-tech)

4. I receive a __________ of 10% on all my books that the publisher sells. (royalty/license)

5. Finding out how antibiotics work was a tremendous __________ (breakthrough/breakout)

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1
2
3
4
5

10. BUYERS, SELLERS AND THE MARKET

1. Choose the best word from the brackets to fill each gap.

1. Our __________ includes several multinational companies. (clientele/economy)

2. We wanted to buy the house but the __________ was asking for ₤300.000. (purchase/vendor)

3. The government brought in several market __________ to strengthen the economy. (reforms/pressures)

4. Until 1998, the government fixed all the prices, but now we have a __________ market. (free/state)

5. It’s only a small shop, but we serve nearly 200 __________ a day. (consumers/customers)

6. Most of our __________ are small businesses. (market/users)

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1
2
3
4
5
6

2. Draw a line from each word on the left to a word on the right to make a word pair. There is one extra word that you don’t have to use. Then use your word pairs to complete the sentences below.

1. customer	users
2. end	manager
3. street	forces
4. purchasing	consumer
5. market	vendor
	base

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1. He started out as a __________ selling hot dogs from a van.

2. We publish school textbooks, so our __________ are the students.

3. We’ve built up a really strong __________ over the past five years.

4. Their product is too expensive, so __________ will soon make them drop the price.

5. She is the __________ for the country’s leading chain of shoe shops.

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1
2
3
4
5

ГЛОССАРИЙ

accountant – бухгалтер

advertise — рекламировать

advertising – реклама, рекламное дело

afford – позволять себе

allowance – денежное пособие,

apply for – подавать заявление,

appointment – встреча

benefits – льготы, выгоды

blue collar – «синий воротничок», производственный рабочий

board of directors – совет директоров

bonus – бонус, премия

breakout — распределение

breakthrough – прорыв

catering – общественное питание

CEO – (Chief Executive Officer) генеральный директор

CFO (Chief Financial Officer) финансовый директор

churn out – выпускать потоком, штамповать

clientele – клиентура

competition — конкуренция

consumer — потребитель

continuous improvement – постоянное улучшение

COO (Chief Operating Officer) руководитель административной службы, руководитель по производственным вопросам

costs — издержки

covering letter – сопроводительное письмо

curriculum vitae – резюме

customers — потребители

cutting edge – острие, выигрышное качество, центр деятельности

director – директор

dismiss – увольнять

downsize – сокращать

earn – зарабатывать

employee – работник, сотрудник

employment agency – бюро по трудоустройству

endorsement – поддержка, подтверждение, одобрение

enterprise zone – зона предпринимательства

executive – исполнительный, руководитель

financial services – финансовые услуги

fire – увольнять, выгонять с работы

first aid – первая помощь

flexitime – скользящий график, свободный режим работы

forecast — прогноз

free enterprise – свободное предпринимательство

freelance – внештатный сотрудник, фрилансер

full-time – полная занятость, занимающий полный рабочий день

get-up – наряд, формат

hazard – риск, опасность

headhunter – охотник за профессионалами (об агенте или агентстве по найму персонала)

healthcare – здравоохранение

hovercraft – судно на воздушной подушке

human resources – персонал, трудовые ресурсы

in charge of – возглавлять

interview – собеседование

leisure – отдых

loyalty card – карточка постоянного покупателя

manufacturer — производитель

medium – способ средство

mogul – магнат

mystery shopper – тайный покупатель, мнимый покупатель

obsolete – устаревший

outsource – нанимать персонал на стороне

overcapacity – избыток производительных мощностей

payroll – платежная ведомость, фонд заработной платы

perks – льгота, привилегия

permanent – постоянный

production team – производственная бригада

profit – выгода, прибыль, доход

promote – продвигать по службе

promotion – продвижение по службе

property – собственность

proprietor – собственник, владелец

purchasing manager – начальник отдела снабжения

quality control – контроль качества

recruit – нанимать на работу

repetitive – повторяющийся, скучный

researcher — исследователь

resign – подавать в отставку

responsibility – ответственность

responsible for – ответственный за

retail – розничная торговля

retire – уходить на пенсию

rollout – массовый выпуск

royalty – роялти, плата

sack – увольнять

salary – заработная плата, оклад

senior – старший

shares — акции

shop floor – торговый зал

shortlist – окончательный список

specs – технические требования

spot check – выборочная проверка, ревизия

spreadsheet – (электронная) таблица

start-off – начинать, начинание

start-up – ввод в эксплуатацию, недавно созданная компания

survey — исследование

team player – сотрудник, умеющий работать в коллективе

telecommuter – сотрудник, работающий на дому

temporary — временный

terminate – увольнять, заканчивать

tips – чаевые

trial – пробная версия

vendor – торговец

VP – (Vice President) вице-президент

wage – заработная плата

white-collar – «белый воротничок», человек, работающий в офисе

workforce – рабочая сила

Пожалуйста, подождите

Начало формы

Конец формы

7. THE CAREER LADDER
1. Match each statement with a word or phrase form the list below. Write the letter of your chosen answer next to the statement. There is one extra word/phrase that you don’t have to use.
1. We used to have four layers of management but now we have only two.

2. I am an independent software designer. At the moment, I’m working for three companies.

3. I don’t know whether my job here is safe. I could be out of work next month.

4. In 1999 we had 430 employees. Now there are only 280.

5. We used to do our printing in-house, but now it’s done by a company in Hong Kong.

6. I was a shop floor supervisor but then they made me manager of the whole production plant.

7. Our company has been completely reorganized to make it more efficient.

8. Now that we have reduced our costs, we are making much more money.

a. downsize	b. delayer	c. restructure	d. outsource
e. promotion	f. freelance	g. dismiss	h. profit
	i. insecurity

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8

2. Choose the best word from the brackets to fill the gap.
1. I didn’t like the way the company was being run so I __________ (resigned/sacked/terminated)

2. They laid __________ people in March and 50 more in September. (on/off/out)

3. I joined this company because the career __________ is excellent. (path/way/contract)

4. I have regular performance __________ with my manager. (advice/support/reviews)

5. We now have fewer employees and so the company is much __________ (efficient/leaner/fatter)

6. I have worked my way up and now I am a __________ manager. (main/old/senior)

7. She was __________ for copying company software on to her PC (fired/promoted/retired)

8. I was appointed on a __________ contract so my job isn’t very safe. (permanent/full-time/temporary)

9. When you join a company now you can’t expect a __________ for life. (job/work/career)

10. If you break the safety rules you can be __________ immediately. (downsized/dismissed/delayered)
Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

8. ORGANIZATIONS
1. Draw a line from each word on the left to a word on the right to make a word pair. There is one extra word that you don’t have to use.

1. big	industry
2. corporate	commerce
3. self	employed
4. e-	business
5. free	enterprise
6. enterprise	departments
7. nationalized	profits
	zone

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

2. Choose the best word to fill each gap from the alternatives given below. Put a circle around the letter, A, B, C of the word you choose.
“The company of eastern Europe has changed a lot. Twenty years ago, the main industries were completely nationalized and many companies were owned by the (1) __________ They did not work well. They were inefficient and (2) __________ .Now governments are trying to (3) __________ them, but it is not easy to find (4) __________ People don’t want to put money into the old companies. However, some people are happy to (5 __________ their money on new business and there are signs that a new enterprise (6) __________ is growing.”

1	A nation	B state	C country
2	A automatic	B diplomatic	C bureaucratic
3	A privatize	B nationalize	C enterprise
4	A corporations	B firms	C investors
5	A save	B risk	C sell
6	A culture	B commerce	C concern

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1	2	3	4	5	6

3. Choose the best word to fill each gap from the alternatives given below. Put a circle around the letter, A, B, C of the word you choose.
Aberdeen Reliance is one of the country’s smaller life insurance companies. It was set up in 1920 as a (1) __________. This means that the 15,000 people who have insurance policies with the company are (2) __________. These, in theory, own all the (3) __________ and there are no (4) __________. Last year, the board of directors wanted to sell the company to a large American (5) __________, but first they had to get the policy holders to agree to (6) __________. This was heavily defeated, proving that people still value the traditional status of the company.

1	A mutual	B public	C incorporated
2	A partners	B directors	C members
3	A profits	B salaries	C expenses
4	A customers	B traders	C shareholders
5	A corporation	B sectors	C proprietor
6	A freelancing	B demutualization	C limiting

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1	2	3	4	5	6

9. INNOVATION AND INVENTION
1. Fill the gap in each sentence by writing the correct form of the verb given in brackets.
1. Suzanne King is in charge of product __________ at Westworld Electronics. (develop)

2. I want to be a graphic __________ when I graduate. (design)

3. I think that the Internet is the greatest __________ of the past 50 years. (innovate)

4. We are looking for someone with __________ of databases and spreadsheets. (know)

5. Christopher Cockerell was the __________ of the hovercraft. (invent)

6. You have to pay a lot to get a good software __________ (develop)

7. Have you seen her __________ for the new shopping centre? (design)

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

2. Draw a line from each word on the left to a word on the right to make a word pair. There is one extra word that you don’t have to use. Then use your word pairs to complete the sentences below.

1. product	development
2. patent	license
3. cutting	property
4. research	application
5. under	copyright
6. intellectual	center
	edge

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

1. We have made a __________ to stop people copying our invention.

2. Our drug for pain relief is made __________ in 32 countries.

3. I’m in charge of __________ at Minnow Technologies.

4. We use the latest technologies to keep our products at the __________

5. We took them to court because the original idea was our __________

6. We test all new drugs at our __________ in Zurich.

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1
2
3
4
5
6

3. Choose the best word from the brackets to fill the gap.
1. I bought a PC just five years ago and now it is __________ (innovative/obsolete)

2. I think that the __________ of computer control systems is fascinating. (technology/knowledge)

3. Advanced, __________ systems are great, but there is more to go wrong. (low-tech/hi-tech)

4. I receive a __________ of 10% on all my books that the publisher sells. (royalty/license)

5. Finding out how antibiotics work was a tremendous __________ (breakthrough/breakout)