China came from the word - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

China, the name in English for the country, was derived from Portuguese in the 16th century, and became common usage in the mid 19th century. It is believed to be a borrowing from Middle Persian, and some have traced it further back to Sanskrit.

Contents

1 Where did the word China come from?
2 What was China’s original name?
3 What was China before China?
4 When did China become China?
5 What did the ancient China invent?
6 How did Japan separate from China?
7 What is the race of a Chinese person?
8 What did Japan call China?
9 How did Japan get its name?
10 Is China the oldest country in the world?
11 Is China was under British?
12 How old is Chinese language?
13 Is US bigger than China?
14 How many countries does China own?
15 Is China a dictatorship?
16 What is invented in China?
17 What food did the Chinese invent?
18 Who invented inventor?
19 Who came first China or Japan?
20 Why are China and Japan enemies?

Where did the word China come from?

Ancient China produced what has become the oldest extant culture in the world. The name ‘China’ comes from the Sanskrit Cina (derived from the name of the Chinese Qin Dynasty, pronounced ‘Chin’) which was translated as ‘Cin’ by the Persians and seems to have become popularized through trade along the Silk Road.

What was China’s original name?

Zhongguo
The first time Zhongguo was used as the Chinese nation’s official name was in the Sino-Russian Treaty of Nerchinsk of 1689. In 1912, Zhongguo was designated the short-form Chinese name for the Republic of China, and the People’s Republic inherited the name in 1949.

What was China before China?

Qing dynasty Empire
Republic of China (1912–1949)

Preceded by	Succeeded by
Qing dynasty Empire of China (1915–1916)	People’s Republic of China Republic of China after 1949

When did China become China?

If we define “China” for the purpose of this discussion as the contem- porary Chinese nation-state, then in political if not geographical terms it is reasonable to date “China” from the founding of the Republic of China in 1912.

What did the ancient China invent?

Papermaking, printing, gunpowder and the compass – the four great inventions of ancient China-are significant contributions of the Chinese nation to world civilization. China was the first nation to invent paper.

How did Japan separate from China?

By 1910 Japan had incorporated Korea into the growing Japanese empire, and in 1931 it invaded Manchuria, separating it from China and establishing a puppet government. Six years later it became embroiled in a war with China that would last for eight years, ending only with its unconditional surrender in 1945.

What is the race of a Chinese person?

Asian: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam.

What did Japan call China?

Shina
Shina (支那, pronounced [ɕiꜜna]) is a largely archaic Japanese name for China.

How did Japan get its name?

The origin of the name Japan is not certain, but researchers say it probably came from the Malayan ″Japung″ or the Chinese ″Riben,″ meaning roughly land of the rising sun. Historians say the Japanese called their country Yamato in its early history, and they began using Nippon around the seventh century.

Is China the oldest country in the world?

An old missionary student of China once remarked that Chinese history is “remote, monotonous, obscure, and-worst of all-there is too much of it.” China has the longest continuous history of any country in the world—3,500 years of written history. And even 3,500 years ago China’s civilization was old!

Is China was under British?

Although British imperialism never politically took hold in mainland China, as it did in India or Africa, its cultural and political legacy is still evident today. Honk Kong remains a significant center of global finance and its government still functioned in much of the same ways as it did under British colonialism.

How old is Chinese language?

six thousand years
Written Language. The Chinese language is the oldest written language in the world with at least six thousand years of history. Chinese character inscriptions have been found in turtle shells dating back to the Shang dynasty¹ (1766-1123 BC) proving the written language has existed for more than 3,000 years.

Is US bigger than China?

China has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers (3.6 million square miles), which is 2.2% larger than the US land area of 9.1 million square kilometers (3.5 million square miles).

How many countries does China own?

Each of the Nine Nations faces a unique set of challenges and opportunities in carving out its own competitive niche.

Is China a dictatorship?

Currently, China is not a democracy. It is an authoritarian state which has been characterized as a totalitarian surveillance state, and a dictatorship. The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) states that its form of government is “people’s democratic dictatorship”.

What is invented in China?

China has been the source of many innovations, scientific discoveries and inventions. This includes the Four Great Inventions: papermaking, the compass, gunpowder, and printing (both woodblock and movable type).

What food did the Chinese invent?

The Chinese invented sushi before the Japanese. They were also the first ones to add dairy into flavored ice, making every ice cream fan’s dreams come true. Chances are, you’re wearing something right now that was made in China (even if you have trouble spotting a bunk Chinese restaurant).

Who invented inventor?

Important discoveries in the field of science

Invention/discovery	Inventor	Date
Dynamite	Alfred Nobel	1867
Lift	Elisha Otis	1853
Mobile Phone	Martin Cooper	1973
Printing Press	Johannes Gutenberg	1440

Who came first China or Japan?

Japan: 15 Million Years Old. China: 2100 BC. Armenia: 6500 BC. Iran: 620 BC.

Why are China and Japan enemies?

The enmity between these two countries emanated from the history of the Japanese war and the imperialism and maritime disputes in the East China Sea. Thus, as much as these two nations are close business partners, there is an undercurrent of tension, which the leaders from both sides are trying to quell.

Emmett Nelson is a travel writer and adventurer. He’s explored more than 50 countries on six continents, and his writing has appeared in outlets such as BBC Travel, Lonely Planet, and National Geographic. Emmett is also the author of “The Great American Road Trip: A Guide to Exploring the USA.” When he’s not on the road, Emmett calls Los Angeles home.

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Table of Contents

Where did the word China come from?
What is the ancient name of China?
What is the Hebrew meaning of name?
What is the Hebrew name of God?
What is God’s highest title?
What do El Shaddai mean?
Where does it say Elohim in the Bible?
Is God eternal or is God everlasting?
How old is God right now?

The name ‘China’ comes from the Sanskrit Cina (derived from the name of the Chinese Qin Dynasty, pronounced ‘Chin’) which was translated as ‘Cin’ by the Persians and seems to have become popularized through trade along the Silk Road.

What is the ancient name of China?

According to the ancient bookHuainanzi-The Landform, China was divided into nine administrative divisions: Shenzhou, Cizhou, Rongzhou, Zizhou, Jizhou, Taizhou, Jizhou, Bozhou and Yangzhou. Hence Jiuzhou was used to stand for China and many other names derived from it: Jiuyu, Jiuyou, Jiutu and Jiuqu.

What is the Hebrew meaning of name?

The Hebrew word for a “name” is שם (shem, Strong’s #8034). The Hebrew word נשמה (neshamah, Strong’s #5397) is formed by adding the letters מ (m) and ה (h) to the word שם (shem). This word is used in Genesis 2:7 and means “breath.” A “name” is a person’s “breath,” his character.

What is the Hebrew name of God?

YHWH

What is God’s highest title?

Another term used is King of Kings or Lord of Lords and Lord of Hosts. Other names used by Christians include Ancient of Days, Father/Abba which is Hebrew, “Most High” and the Hebrew names Elohim, El-Shaddai, Yahweh, Jehovah and Adonai.

What do El Shaddai mean?

God Almighty

Where does it say Elohim in the Bible?

In the KJV, elohim (Strong’s number H430) is translated as “angels” only in Psalm 8:5. The KJV translates elohim as “judges” in Exodus 21:6; Exodus 22:8; and twice in Exodus Exodus 22:9.

Is God eternal or is God everlasting?

They thought of God as eternal, in the sense that he is timeless or atemporal. Now, the dominant view among philosophers is that God is temporal. His eternal nature is thought of as being everlasting rather than timeless. He never came into existence and he will never go out of existence but he exists within time.

How old is God right now?

roughly 7,000 years old

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Why is “China” called “China”?

Etymology of China Explained

Why is China called China? How did China get its name?

Every country in the world has a story about how it got its name. The etymology of the word “China” stretches back more than 2000 years, to as early as 200 years before Christ.

The name “China” comes from the ancient Chinese Dynasty named “Qin” (秦)　[B.C. 221-B.C. 206].　“Qin” (秦) is normally pronounced “Chin” in English. In French, China is spelled “Chine” and pronounced “Sin.” This is where the word “Sin” or “Sino” comes from.　In English, it would be proper to pronounce Qin as “Chin.” Therefore, it is clear that the word “China” has its origin in the word “Qin.”

The Qin Dynasty was a dynasty in China that existed during the “Spring and Autumn period” and the Warring States period. In 221, it unified China as a nation for the first time in history.

The period between the unification and the fall of the dynasty is known as the Qin dynasty. The capital of the unified country was Hamyang. The dynasty’s name originated from a place called “Qin,” which had a close relationship with the founder of the dynasty (present Zhangjiachuan Hui autonomous county).

In India, around the 2nd century A.D., China was already being called “China staana” in Sanskrit, meaning “land of the Chinas.” This was a reference to the first unified dynasty, the Qin Dynasty. The land was later introduced to the West as “China” in English and “Chine” in French.

The name Qin might not sound familiar to many people.　However, most are familiar with the Great Wall of China.　This wall was built by the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty in 214 B.C. to intercept the invasion of northern tribes such as the Xiongnu. Although it is generally believed that the Great Wall was built by the first emperor, in reality, it was repeatedly rebuilt and relocated by several dynasties. Most of the wall was built in the Ming Dynasty; the existing Ming Dynasty Great Wall line is much farther south than the Qin Dynasty line.

In Chinese, “People’s Republic of China” is written as 中華人民共和国 . 中華 is the Chinese word for China, pronounced Zhōnghuá. The word 中華 means “center of the world.” Usually, China is called 中国（Zhōngguó）.

Some people wonder why China is sometimes called “Middle Kingdom” or “Middle Country”. 中 represents the meaning of Center or middle. 國　represents country. Middle country is the direct translation of the word “中國”

Summery:

Why is it called China? The etymology of China is the ancient Dynasty of “ Qin”.
The name “China” was introduced to the West through India as early as in 2^nd century.
Qin is originally a name of a place in China associated with the founder of the Dynasty.

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Every country has a name.

The origin of some names are quite obvious. For example, the United States of America are fifty united states in North America. Some names are more confusing like Iceland and Greenland. Iceland is a flourishing, nature-filled land in the North Atlantic and Greenland is blanketed in ice and mostly uninhabitable besides the coastline. So, what’s with the name switch? Iceland’s name comes from part of a tactic used by Norse settlers to deter visitors from visiting Iceland. Conversely, Greenland was named Greenland to attract new settlers.

But what about the origins of China’s name?

China’s traditional Chinese name is 中国 as in “middle kingdom”. This name is derived from ancient China’s ethnocentric view of the world. The ancient Chinese knew nothing of the world that existed beyond the mountains to the west, the desert to the north and the seas to the south and east. Therefore, they viewed their land as the center of the world.

Modern China’s official name is 中华人民共和国 or the “People’s Republic of China”. This name was first adopted in 1949 after the Chinese Civil War.

However, the origin China’s English name is unknown.

Multiple theories exist regarding the creation of China’s English name. The first of which cites a 1555 translation of a Portuguese book by Englishman, Richard Eden, as the first to use the word “China”. The Portuguese word for China was derived from the Persian word Chīnī. The other, more widely accepted, theory cites the first Chinese dynasty, the Qin (pronounced “Chin”) as the reason for China’s name. The phonetic similarity between Qin and China is currently regarded as the probable origin of the word “China”.

China is not the only country whose English name is somewhat based on the relationship between English phonetics and vernacular. Some include: Spain (España), Mexico (Estados Unidos Mexicanos), Brazil (Brasil), the Netherlands (Nederland), and Italy (Italia).

Each and every country on Earth has a name and meaning in vernacular, but the story of each nation’s English name is without a doubt unique.

Sources:

http://www.chinasage.info/chinaname.htm

http://www.omniglot.com/countries/

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English

Commons:Category

A reconstruction of the extent of various Chinese realms since the Zhou.

Alternative forms

(area and state in East Asia): Chin (obsolete)
(female name): Chyna

Etymology

From Portuguese China,^[1]^[2] probably under influence from Old French Chin,^[3] from Persian چین‎ (čin), from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭩𐭭‎ (Čīn, “China”), from Sanskrit चीन (cīna, “the Chinese; China”) of uncertain etymology. It is usually thought to be derived from Chinese 秦 (Qín) (sm Qín, mc d͡ziɪn, oc *zin, «Qin»), the westernmost ancient Chinese state,^[4]^[5]^[6], originally the name of a small county or fief in Gansu awarded to the Ying family circa 900 BC, who then adopted it as their surname. The pictograph 秦 portrays grinding grain, suggesting that Qin specialized in grain production, while surrounding areas raised horses and cattle. Other theories have been proposed, including derivation from 晉／晋 (jìn) (sm Jìn, mc t͡siɪn, oc *ʔsins, «Jin»), another important ancient state;^[7] 荊／荆 (jīng) (sm Jīng, mc kˠiæŋ, oc *keŋ, «Chu»), the southernmost ancient Chinese state;^[8] or Zina, the endonym of the people of the Yelang kingdom.^[8] See «Names of China» and «Chinas» at Wikipedia. As a female name, usually derived via china (“porcelain”) and china doll, ultimately from the same source.

Pronunciation

(UK, US) enPR: chī’nə, IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃaɪnə/, [ˈt͡ʃ(ʰ)aɪ̯nə]
Rhymes: -aɪnə

Proper noun

China (usually uncountable, plural Chinas)

A nation or civilization occupying the country around the Yellow, Yangtze, and Pearl Rivers in East Asia, taken as a whole under its various dynasties.
- 1555, Richard Eden translating Peter Martyr as The Decades of the Newe Worlde…, folio 230 verso:
  
  The great China, whose kyng is thought… the greatest prince in the worlde.
- 1884 December 10, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: (Tom Sawyer’s Comrade) […], London: Chatto & Windus, […], →OCLC:
  
  If he tells them to build a palace forty miles long, out of di’monds, and fill it full of chewing gum, or whatever you want, and fetch an emperor’s daughter from China for you to marry, they’ve got to do it—and they’ve got to do it before sun-up next morning, too.
- 1987, Geoffrey Marston, “Abandonment of Territorial Claims: The Cases of Bouvet and Spratly Islands”, in The British Year Book of International Law 1986‎^[3], volume 57, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 356:
  
  The Commissioner General asked for Foreign Office guidance in view of his information about earlier events relating to the British claim. In reply, the Foreign Office, in a telegram dated 12 June 1956, pointed out that as there was now a territorial dispute involving the two Chinas, the Philippines and possibly Vietnam over the Nansha Islands the British vessel should ‘stay well clear’ of Spratly Island.
- 1998, George H. W. Bush & al., A World Transformed‎^[4], New York: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN, page 93:
  
  After I was nominated to the vice-presidency, Ronald Reagan asked me to go to China to reassure Deng that, despite having mentioned it in a campaign speech, he did not believe in two Chinas, and that he would honor the Shanghai Communiqué—which declared, in effect, that there was but one China. Joined by his top foreign policy team, Deng listened carefully as I explained that Reagan’s statement had been taken out of context. Just as I was finishing, a door opened and a message was passed down the line of advisors until it reached Deng. On reading it, he looked puzzled and annoyed. “He did it again!” he announced. “Ronald Reagan has again referred to ‘two Chinas’ in a speech!” I talked fast and got out of there.
China has 5000 years of history.
The principal state in this country, including (historical) an empire under various dynasties and (since 1949) the People’s Republic of China.
- 1971 December 6, «A Size-up of President Nixon: Interview with Mike Mansfield, Senate Democratic Leader», in US News & World Report, p. 61:
  
  ‘Only a Nixon’ Could Go to China
- 2017, Donald J. Trump, speech at Make America Great Again Rally, Harrisburg, PA
  
  And I met with the President of China at great length in Florida, and we had long, long talks—hours and hours and hours.
China will be 73 years old this October 1.
Synonym of mainland China.

The gambling winnings were transferred from Macau to China.
(rare) A female given name.
- 2001, Susan Wittig Albert, chapter 1, in Bloodroot, Berkley Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 3:
  
  My name is China Bayles. I’m the owner of Thyme and Seasons and the co-owner, with Ruby Wilcox, of a new tearoom called Thyme for Tea.
- 2014, Neil D. A. Stewart, The Glasgow Coma Scale, Constable & Robinson, →ISBN, page 159:
  
  ‘What’s her name, this girl?’ The fight had hoarsened Lynne’s voice, and the words came out strangely staccato — a wooden doll that had just learned to speak.
  ‘China,’ he mumbled, feeling an obscure desire to invent a pseudonym for her.
  ‘What an interesting name.’
  Angus struck the table edge hard. ‘Aw, don’t gies it.’
  ‘I don’t know what you mean. Or is it a nickname? Fragile, is she?’
An unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Indiana, United States.
A town in Kennebec County, Maine, United States.
An unincorporated community in Howell County, Missouri, United States.
A hamlet in Delaware County, New York, United States.
A small city in Jefferson County, Texas, United States.
A municipality and town in Nuevo León, Mexico.

An 1844 map of China (i.e., the Qing Empire), including Taiwan, Mongolia, Korea, eastern Manchuria (now Russian), and Assam in India.
A 1932 map of the Far East, showing China (i.e., China proper) without Manchuria, Mongolia (i.e., Greater Mongolia), «Sinkiang», «Tibit», or Japanese Taiwan.
The CIA’s 2008 map of China, showing the PRC’s claim on Taiwan (but not the South China Sea) and India’s claim on the PRC (but not China’s on Arunachal Pradesh).
A 2002 map of the railways of China, showing the PRC and ROC’s nine-dash claim in the South China Sea. Both Chinas also claim the «Diaoyu» Islands, currently administered as Japan’s Senkakus.

Synonyms

(nation): Cathay (northern medieval China, archaic); Manji, Mangi (southern medieval China, archaic); Han (culture); Greater China (inclusive of Taiwan, non-Han autonomous regions, and the SARs but not always all Chinese claims); Chinkland (pejorative); Sinim (some religious contexts)
(state): Middle Kingdom; Celestial Kingdom, Flowery Kingdom (archaic)
(principal states at different periods): Xia, Shang, Zhou (kingdoms); Qin, Han, Jin, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing (empires); Warring States, Three Kingdoms (regions); Republic of China or Chinese Republic, People’s Republic of China or Chinese People’s Republic

Derived terms

all the tea in China
China aster
China Continental
China doll
China hand
China proper
China rose
China Seas
China syndrome
China watcher
chinaberry
Chinaman (derogatory)
China’s Sorrow
Chinatown
Chinese
Communist China
East China Sea
Free China
Great Wall of China
made in China
mainland China
Nationalist China
People’s Republic of China
Red China
Republic of China
South China Sea

Sino-

Descendants

→ Maori: Haina
→ Tokelauan: Haina

Translations

Noun

China (countable and uncountable, plural Chinas)

(obsolete) A Chinese person.
(obsolete) Alternative form of cheyney: woollen stuff; items made or filled with cheyney.
Clipping of China rose: various flowers.
(botany, beverages) Clipping of China tea.
(rhyming slang) Alternative form of china: a mate, a friend.

References

^ Duarte Barbosa, Descrição das Terras da India Oriental…, c. 1516.
^ Garcia de Orta, Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas da India, 1563.
^ Marco Polo & al., Divisiment dou Monde, c. 1298.
^ Dr M. R. Singh (1972) Geographical Data in Early Puranas, pages 172
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “cīna-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 191
^ Yule, Henry (2005) Cathay and the Way Thither‎^[1], →ISBN, pages 2–3
^ Zhengzhang, Shangfang (鄭張尚芳) (2006), “古译名勘原辨讹五例 [A Correction of the Erroneous Etymological Analyses of Five Ancient Translated Names]”, in 中国语文 (in Chinese), volume 315, →ISSN, pages 541–549
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Wade Geoff (2009-05), “The Polity of Yelang and the Origin of the Name ‘China’”, in Sino-Platonic Papers‎^[2], issue 188

“China, n.¹ and adj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 2019.

Anagrams

Anich, Chain, Chian, chain