Change one word in each of the sentences below to make them correct

PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH IN USE FOR ENGINEERING

UNIT 26. MECHANICAL FASTENERS 1

A

Bolts

The photo below shows a common fastener (or
fixing): a bolt, with a nut. Bolts have threads – grooves on the outside of
the bolt’s shaft (or shank), which run around the shaft in a helical
pattern. The threaded shaft allows a nut, which has thread inside it, to be
screwed onto the bolt (by a turning motion). Nuts usually have a right-hand
thread – they are screwed on by turning them clockwise (in the direction of
clock hands) and unscrewed by turning them anticlockwise. However, in some
situations, left-hand threads are used.


B

Preload in
bolted joints

Turning
force, called torque, is applied to bolts to tighten them – that is, to
make them grip tightly. As a bolt is tightened, the tension (stretching
force) in its shaft increases, and the components being bolted together are
pressed tightly together. This pressing force is called preload (or clamp
load). If enough preload is applied, friction between the components will
prevent them sliding in different directions. This is an advantage, as
sliding subjects the sides of bolts to shear force (scissoring force),
which can cause them to break. In steel structures, bolts that apply high
preloads to prevent sliding are called high strength friction grip (HSFG)
bolts.


C

Washers

Washers are metal discs
which fit between the head of a bolt or a nut and the components being
bolted together. Ordinary washers – called flat washers or plain washers –
have a larger outside diameter than the bolt head or nut. Their wider area
is intended to spread the load (distribute pressure) over the surface of
the component as the bolt is tightened.



EXERCISES

26.1

Change one word in each of the sentences below to make them correct. Look
at A opposite to help you.

1. Wrenches are well-known
examples of fasteners.

2. In most cases, nuts are
screwed onto bolts by turning them anticlockwise.


26.2

Use the words
in the box to complete the text about bolted joints, taken from a bolt
supplier’s website. Look at B opposite to help you.

loosen

shear force

tighten

over-tighten

preload

tension

torque

work loose

In structural applications,
it is essential to (1)______________ bolts correctly – firstly to make
sure that joints are held together with the right amount of (2)______________,
and secondly to help ensure that the bolts do not (3)______________ over
time. However, that does not mean to say, ‘the tighter the better’.


26.3

Decide whether the sentences
below are true or false, and correct the false sentences. Look at C
opposite to help you.

1. The purpose of all
washers is to spread the load from the bolt across the surfaces of the
components being bolted together.

2. Plain washers are flat


ANSWER KEY

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Decide which words you should change in the sentences below to make them correct. Rewrite the
Решите, какие слова вы должны изменить в приведенных ниже предложениях, чтобы сделать их правильными. Перепишите предложения.

1

Sarah explained why she had not come to school yesterday.
Sarah explained why she had not come to school the day before.
Сара объяснила, почему она не пришла в школу накануне.

2

Did Tracy mention where she had bought these books?
Did Tracy mention where she had bought those books?
Трейси упоминала, где она купила эти книги?

3

Oliver thought they had made a mistake now.
Oliver thought they had made a mistake then.
Оливер подумал, что тогда они совершили ошибку.

4

Charles knew they had received all the bills today.
Charles knew they had received all the bills that day.
Чарльз знал, что в тот день они получили все счета.

5

I told my boss I had worked as a manager two years ago.
I told my boss I had worked as a manager two years before.
Я сказал своему боссу, что два года назад работал менеджером.

6

We warned Tim that he had left his passport here.
We warned Tim that he had left his passport there.
Мы предупредили Тима, что он оставил там свой паспорт.

7

Joanna told me she had already seen these plays.
Joanna told me she had already seen those plays.
Джоанна сказала мне, что уже видела эти пьесы.

8

The boys asked if they could go for a walk now.
The boys asked if they could go for a walk then.
Мальчики спросили, можно ли им тогда пойти погулять.

9

Ann added she had been to the shops today.
Ann added she had been to the shops that day.
Энн добавила, что в тот день она была в магазинах.

10

Harry wanted to know how many days ago we had paid the bills.
Harry wanted to know how many days before we had paid the bills.
Гарри хотел знать, сколько дней назад мы оплатили счета.

ГДЗ — «Rainbow English — Лексико-грамматический практикум»

по предмету Английский язык за 8 класс.

Год издания

2018

Aвторы

Афанасьева О.В., Баранова К.М., Михеева И.В.

Задание

Decide which words you should change in the sentences below to make them correct. Rewrite the sentences.
Решите, какие слова вы должны изменить в приведенных ниже предложениях, чтобы сделать их правильными. Перепишите предложения.

At the ticket office

1         

I
need to change my   booking.

2         

Is
there a direct  seat?

At the
check-in desk

3         

Can
I take this as hand  Bill?

In a taxi

6         

please
take me to the city centre

7         

Can
I have a ,   please ?

At the
Hotel

8 I have
a   reservation         for two nights .My name’s Burkhard

9 Can I
have an alarm      call    at
6:45,please?

10 I am
checking out today .Can I have the  luggage    ,
please ?

11 Can I
have the    password    for the Wi-Fi ,please?

1.1.3 Now
open your Market Leader book on page 45 and develop exercises

A to G on
eating out matters.

A Choose
the odd  one out in each group of food
words below.Use the words from the box to explain you answers

        Fish      Fruit    meat    
vegetable     seafood

1
Salomon              tuna             cod          onion      onion:
it is a kind of vegetable
  

2 beef                      apple           lamb        chicken  
apple :it is a kind of fruit

3
carrots                  peas           trout          broccoli   Trout
:it is a kind of fish

4 veal                      grapes          cherries    peaches  Veal:
it is a kind  of meat

5
cabbage              prawns          cauliflower   aubergine Gambas: it is of  seafood

B  look at these words for parts of a menu .
write the dishes from the box on the left under the correct headings.

         Soup        steak    Pate   
Salad   Ice 
Cream    Grilled  fish fruit chocolate mousse

         Spring rolls   tiramisu  
cheesecake pork roast duck mutton prawn cocktail    beff 
stew

         apple    pie   
stuffed     mushrooms

Starter

Main course

Dessert

Soup

Steak

Ice cream

Salad

Grilled fish

Chocolate mousse

fruit

Spring rolls

Tiramisu

cheesecake

pork

Cocktail

Apple pie

Roast duck

mutton

Prawn

Beff stew

Stuffed mushrooms

C  think of some unusual food from your country
or a country you have visited. How can you describe it?

In Colombia
there are several curious dishes like those in the departments of Santander,
Amazon, the Atlantic coast, villavicencio, Cauca, Here I characteristics of
starter, main course and dessert.

Starter:
Soup neonalo beef is representative in the department of Cauca, is flavored
with garlic, onions and roasted peanuts, and is served with corn bread and aji
pineapple or stew

Main
Course: culonas ants is the representative in the department of Santander,
these are insects living roasted and seasoned with salt and savored by the
people, is mojojoy tradition of the Amazon, can be eaten raw, fried or grilled
wing, Turtle Stew is tradition of the Atlantic coast prepares boiled with
tomato, onion and coconut milk, guinea pig roast is the tradition of grass is
eaten roasted with salt, the capybara is the preferred meat Villavicencio and
armadillo known as the flesh of the seven flavors is eaten roasted, fried or
stew

Dessert:
Gelatin is representative in the leg is extended Cauca Paw res is a typical
delicacy of Colombia

D Choose
the correct word to complete each of these sentences

1 You ask
for the receipt/menu at
the start of a meal

2 You Ask
for the check /bill at
the end of a meal in London

3 You Ask
for the check / bill at
the end of a meal in new york

4 You Ask
for the tip / receipt
after you pay

 A Use words from the box to complete the Dart leaflet below

       

        Discount 

   Free   Period 
 Price    Save

Join our Car Hire Gold Club Today

·         

Save   up to 50% on
selected models

·         

Three days for the  price  of two

·         

   period    Insurance and unlimited mileage

·         

Extra 10%   discount   until 
the end of july

·         

For a limited   free      only

B Decide Whether sentences about the Dart leaflet are
True (T) or False (F)

     1 There is
an extra cost for insurance .F

1.       

The customer can get some deals for half price T

2.       

The Price is cheaper if the customer is quick T

3.       

The offer is for the whole year F

4.       

Gold Club members have a choice of reward  
T

5.       

Gold Club members get their receipt by express post  T

C Rewrite the false statements in Exercise B to make
them true

1.       

There is no extra cost for insurance

2 The offer is no for the whole year

1.2.2 Open your Market Leader book on pages 38 and 39: Develop exercises
A to F of Language Focus 1.

A Ask people in
your class about the languages people can speak

A : Can you speak
japonese?

B : No,I can’t

andrea can you speak French? no, I can not french

sonia can you speak English? yes, I can speak English

sebastian can you speak Spanish? yes, I can speak
Spanish

jose can speak Italian? I can not speak Italian

Giovanny can speak mandarin? I can not speak mandarin

Alvaro can speak Arabic? I can not speak Arabic

Work in pairs ,
try to remember the languages people can and can’t speak

In Colombia people can speak Spanish and can usually
speak English it is necessary to ask in universities and colleges, but people
can hardly speak the language very well, and 25% can speak French but find it
difficult, but people say that English is the hardest to pronounce. The other
languages ​​such as Mandarin, Arabic, Portuguese, and other languages ​​are not
able to speak.

B Put this dialogue
into the correct order

Paul: Hi, Judith                                                                                    
                      (3)

Judith: Well, I
can’t do Thursday, but Friday is ok                                                 
(6)

Paul: Paul Robinson speaking                                                     
                              (1)

Judith: Oh, hello, Paul. This is
Judith Preiss here                                                     (2)

Paul: I’m sorry, Judith, I can’t
but I can make Thursdays or Friday                         (5)  

Judith: Paul, I’m
calling about that meeting. Can you make next Wednesday?      (4)

Paul: of course.
I can pick you up from the station if you like                                  (9)      

Judith: Ten o’clock fine. Oh, and can
I bring my colleague. Sabrina? You met her at the  conference                                                                                                                        (8)

Paul:  Ok.Friday it is .Can we meet in the morning-say 10
o’clock?                        (7)

Judith: Great. See you on
Friday. Bye                                                                     (10)

C Listen and check your answer

D Look at the dialogue in exercise B .Write questions beginning with can     

Can Judith and Paul meet on Friday?   

Can Judith and Paul meet on Wednesday?

can Judith on Thursday or Friday to attend the meeting?

can be found judith and Paul at 10:00 am on Friday?

 Can picked up at the station Pablo?      

Work in Pairs . Ask each other your questions. How much can you
remember?  

A: Can Paul meet Judith on Wednesday?

B: No, he can’t

A : Can Judith and Paul meet on Friday?   

B: Yes, They can

A: can Judith on Thursday or Friday to attend the meeting?

B: Yes, She can the Friday

A: can be found Judith and Paul at 10:00 am on Friday?

B: Yes, They can

A: can pick and Sabrina Judith on Pablo station

B: Yes, he can 

F. Complete the e-mail that Judith writes to Sabrina about the
arrangements.

To :        Sabrina Monti

From:     Judith Preiss

Subject:
Meeting with Paul Robinson

Sabrina

I called
Paul Robinson about the meeting .He says he 

can’t

 make it on Wednesday, but he 

can

   do  
can     at 10 o’clock .He says of course  you  can     come with me! And he    can    pick us up from the station.                 .

can

   You text me today and let me know if
Friday is still Ok for you? I don’t think we need to meet before Friday.
We 

can

  go through my notes for the meeting on the
train.

See You
then

Judith                                                                                                                                                          

· 

1.2.3 Open your Market Leader book on page 41: Develop
exercises A to C of Language Focus 2.

A Complete these
sentences with the correct form of there
is or there are

1.       

It’s a very  small airport. there aren’t  any shops in the terminal

2.       

There is       A problem with my ticket?

3.       

 There
aren’t
    Any aisle seats available

4.       

There is    A stopover in Frankfurt

5.       

 There
isn’t
     Any flights to Zurich tonight?

6.       

I’m afraid there is    a flight to Warsaw this afternoon

7.       

 There
are
 Two cafes in the terminal

8.       

 There
are
  Any buses from the airport
to the city center?

B In Pairs, ask and answer questions about the
facilities at the Hilton Tokyo

A: Is there a Health club?          B: yes, there is

B: How many guest rooms are there?                        A: There are 808

A: in the hotel is there Jacuzzi and sauna for relax
24 hours ?                                                                           B: yes, there is

A:
is there advice in the hotel
on places to visit?

B: yes, there is

A:
are there different accesses
to technology and feel at home the guest?

B yes, there are

A:
are there few meeting rooms?

B: there are 16 meeting rooms

A:
is
there  a business center 24 hours?

B: yes, there is

C Work in pairs. Role –play this situation

Student A: See below                                         
Student B turn to page 139

Student A

Student B

you have new job abroad .student b lives there

ask him/her about these points

international school?

A: is there an international school?

B: Yes, there is a very good American School

good local transport

A: is there a good local transport?

B:yes,
there is and it’s very cheap

big supermarkets ?

A: are there big supermarkets?

B: No, but there are any lots small shops an a
market every day 

houses to rent with gardens ?

A: are there a houses to rent with gardens ?

B: Yes, there are ,but there are a more apartments

student b has a new job abroad .you live in that
country.

use these notes to answer his / her questions

b: are there any good restaurants ?

A:yes ,there are lots of good local restaurants

B: Are there any cinemas ?

A:no,  there
are   any cinemas

B:Is there an swimming pool?

A :no there is , but you can swim in one of the
hotels

B: is there a tennis courts?

A: yes, there is 
tennis club with five courts

1.2.4 Now go over exercises A and B on page 47 of your Market
Leader book
 about some/any

A Tick (   ) the correct sentences .Correct the mistakes
in the other sentences

I’d like some any water

2.  

Could I have any more coffe,please?

Could I have some any more coffe,please?

3.  

Are there any restaurants near here ?

4.  

There isn’t some wine left

There isn’t any wine left

5.  

I’d like some cheese ,please.

6.  

Do you have any soft drinks?

Do you have some soft drinks?

B Choose the correct
words to complete this dialogue  

Mina: There are some /any
good restaurants in the center

Ivan: Yes, but there
isn’t some/any parking. We could go to the Texas Steakhouse near the
airport

Mina: Do they serve
some/any vegetarian dishes?

Ivan: I don’t think
so.How about the marina? They do some / any great fish dishes, and they
have some / any vegetarian starters

Mina: Good idea ,I’ll see if
they’ve got a table for nine o’clock

· 

1.2.5 Develop exercises A to C on page 48 of your Market Leader
book
 about countable and uncountable nouns

A Tick (     ) the countable nouns

1.     

Reservation  : COUNTABLE                            

4.     

Bathroom COUNTABLE

10. 

Seat COUNTABLE

11. 

Luggage    COUNTABLE

17. 

Dish   COUNTABLE

23. 

Suitcase   COUNTABLE

B Correct the mistakes in these sentences. Use a lot of, many or much

1.       

They don’t have much vegetarian dishes here  lot of /many

2.       

How many does it cost? Much

3.       

The restaurant hasn’t got much tables left  a lot of/many

4.       

I don’t have many time at the moment 
a lot of

5.       

I drink much coffee  a lot of /many

6.       

There aren’t much hotels in the city center   a lot of

7.       

It costs much money a lot of

8.       

I don’t want many spaghetti .there is ice cream for dessert a lot of /much

C Work in pairs .complete these questions with many or much. Then ask and answer the
questions with a partner.

1.       

A: How much cash do you
have in your wallet?

B: About 20 euros

2.       

A: How  many  phone
calls do you make a day?

B:
6 calls per day

3.       

A :How many  people are there in your company?

B: 500 people

4.       

A: How much time do you
have for luch?

B: one hours

5.       

A: How  many holiday  do you
get a year?

B:one holidays

6.       

A: How much  fast-food restaurants are there where you
live?

B: There are 7 restaurants f

7.       

A: How much water do you
drink a day?

B: two liters

1.2.6 Complete exercises A to D on page 55 and A to B on page 57 of
your Market Leader book.

A Listen to how the –ed  endings of these verbs are pronounced

1 saved; delivered /d/               2 launched; worked/t/               3 decided; visited/id/

   Started; lived  ,wanted     
        Finished, advised,                    invited

   Opened,                                     missed
bookend

B Listen and put these verbs into the correct group
from Exercise (1,2 or 3)

Started     
finished      advised   lived   
wanted  opened missed   booked 
invited

Listen again and practice saying the verbs

C Complete this sales report .Use the past simple of the
verbs in brackets

REPORT ON SALES TRIP-
SOUTH Korea

Last December ,I visited  (visit),
our major customers from big department stores in South Korea.

I arrived  (arrive) in Seoul on Monday 5th
December .The next day ,I            (meet) Mrs. Kyoung Ai lee in Seoul.
On 7th December, I   made   (make) a presentation to Mrs. Lee’s
sales staff on our products and     advised  (advise)
them how to display them.

The following day, I   went    (go) to busan , and our agent  introduced       (introduce)  me to Mrs Ha , the chief buyer of a new
department store in the city..She   asked       (ask)
 me to send her 500 brochures. I     gived   (give)
her some samples of our products. I  flew   (fly) back to head office in Paris on
9th  December .

D Work in pairs. Take turns to describe a trip you made
for business or pleasure

Pag 57

A Underline the correct words to complete this article

Christian Sanchez graduated from Tufts University
at/on / in 2001 .With a
degree in chemistry. As part  of his
course ,he did an internship at Merck for/during/ in eight months. Alter his degree, Merck offered him a
permanent job as a chemical analyst  at
the company research centre in New Jersey. He Worked there in/From/for 2001 to 2003 .During/For on+his time at Merck ,Christian realised he
wanted to change career , so he decided to do an MBA.In/on/for May 2004,he started a two-year MBA at Stanford
University, Following his MBA ,he joined the sales team at Johnson and  Johnson  in/on/for
15th September 2006.Two years since/ago/last,
he became the Regional Sales Manager for the Ameicas.Last/First/Next month, he accepted an
exciting new job as Country Manager in Argentina

B Mikael Ohisson is the Ceo of furniture retailer Ikea.
Listen to an interview about his career and complete the missing information in
these notes,

Born : 27 th December ,1957

Education: Studied  
industrial   design and
marketing
    at Linkoping University

Career in Kea

        1979         Worked
as carpet salesman, Linkoping store ,Sweden

         1981        Became Store Manager Sundsvall,
Sweden

1984-1988 Did management jobs in training and  marketing .

1988 Got a job in Belgium  as country Manager

1991 

 Worked as
Country Manager Canada

1995

 Became Managing Director, Sweden

2000-2009   Was
regional Manager for  Southern Europe
and North America

  ikea
Named Ceo

СРОЧНО ПОМОГИТЕ ПОЖАЛУЙСТА

Exercise 3.
Phrasal verbs. Complete using the correct form of the words in italics. You need to use one word twice.

get make put look bring fall grow Personality

Some of us seem to be infinitely kind, while others seem to 1) _________ down on everyone around them. Some of us never forget an argument, while others 2) _________ up and forgive easily. As we 3) _________ up, our personality develops and we find that we 4) _________ on with certain people more than others. Who we are seems to have a large genetic element, but is also influenced by those who 5) _________ us up. If we 6) _________ up to our parents or other family members, we may want to be like them. On the other hand, if our parents seem to 7) _________ us down all the time and we 8) _________ out with them a lot, then perhaps we will develop quite different personalities.

Exercise 4. Phrasal verbs. Write a phrasal verb in the correct form to replace the words in italics. And any other words you need.

1) The doctor said that the old woman had died ________ peacefully in her sleep.

2) I always support ________ my brother when he gets into trouble.

3) Tony seems to have really fallen in love with ________ Vanessa.

4) Mark is such a bully and treats badly ________ the younger boys at school.

5) I was surprised ________ when Michaela said I’d hurt her feelings.

6) Richard finally met the woman of his dreams and got married and started to live quietly ________ in Australia.

7) I saw Mrs Khan in the centre of town and she asked for news about ________ you.

1. “I’m really sorry,” he whispered “it was an accident.” — «Мне очень жаль, — прошептал он, — это был несчастный случай».
2. “Didn’t I tell you not to ever go in there,” she asked. — «Разве я не говорил тебе, чтобы ты никогда туда не ходил», — спросила она.
3. “Be careful!” shouted Tom from the passenger’s seat “The road’s really dangerous.” — «Будь осторожен!» Крикнул Том с пассажирского сиденья «Дорога действительно опасная».
4. “I hope you’ve had enough sleep,” said Jacob “because it’s going to be a long journey.” — «Надеюсь, ты достаточно поспал, — сказал Иаков, — потому что это будет долгий путь».
As dawn broke the sky with flashes of pink, and the melancholy sound of a distant tram cut through the cold morning air, Sophie Hoffman strolled across the estate back to her flat. Her block of flats had been built in 1963 for the workers in the local car factory. The flats hadn’t been renovated for years and the balconies were dangerous. She took off her ballet slippers and slowly climbed the stairs to the fourth floor. There were three other flats on this floor. Once inside her flat, she quietly put her filthy ballet slippers next to the lonely row of shoes by the front door. As she was passing the mirror in the hall she glanced at herself and gasped.
Когда на рассвете вспыхнуло небо вспышками розового цвета, и меланхоличный звук отдаленного трамвая прорезал холодный утренний воздух, Софи Хоффман пробралась через поместье обратно к своей квартире. Ее многоквартирный дом был построен в 1963 году для рабочих местного автозавода. Квартиры не ремонтировались годами, а балконы были опасны. Она сняла свои балетные тапочки и медленно поднялась по лестнице на четвертый этаж. На этом этаже было еще три квартиры. Войдя в свою квартиру, она тихонько положила свои грязные балетные тапочки рядом с одиноким рядом туфель у входной двери. Проходя мимо зеркала в зале, она взглянула на себя и ахнула.

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