Cat sound in word

How to learn to read in English and pronounce words correctly

Learning any language starts with reading. Of course, the first steps are always difficult and very responsible. Each of us strives to learn words faster in order to make sentences out of them. How to learn to read in English? This is not an easy task. Nevertheless, let’s sort it out in order.

How to quickly learn to read English

Studying a foreign language, you master not only its grammar and vocabulary, but you will definitely get acquainted with the culture and the originality of the mentality of this nation. The best way to learn about both is to read the literature in the original.

How to quickly learn to read English? Is there an easy way to do this? If during your school years in foreign language lessons you studied English, then you already have an idea of ​​the alphabet, transcription and basic reading rules.

If before that you studied French or German, or your knowledge is much more modest than desired, and now you have decided to master English, it is better to start with the elementary basics. Let’s take a look at a few basic techniques for mastering reading rules.

Read the material on the topic: English on Skype: saving time and money

English alphabet

You probably know that English is fundamentally different from German and Russian, where words, as a rule, are read in the same way as they are written. In this case, everything is more complicated. First of all, you need to learn the alphabet.

The English alphabet contains 26 letters, of which 5 are vowels and 21 are consonants. Their correct pronunciation will provide you with correct reading in the future.

English alphabet and transcription of the pronunciation of letters:

The easiest way to visually and phonetically memorize letters is a song. As you watch the videos, always hum until you have mastered the entire alphabet.

Reading rules in English

So, now you should move on to memorizing letter combinations and reading simple words. In the English language there is a certain set of rules that you need to know and be able to apply in order to read correctly.

Some letters can be pronounced differently, taking into account the neighboring letters or the type of syllables (open, closed).

Most consonants are read in the same way as Russians (for example, b, f, l, m, n, z). For example, in these words: boy, finger, lemon, mom, zebra.

Letters t и d also sound similar, but they are pronounced with aspirated… For example, in the words dad, dirty, table, teacher.

The letter «c « can be read in two ways. Front i, e, y it is pronounced like [s] — cyber, city, face. Before other vowels and consonants — like [k] — cake, cat, factory.

Similar rules with the same vowels apply to the letter gwhich is pronounced in front of them as [dʒ] — giant, George, gym. Before the rest — how [g] — game, garden.

Letter q usually occurs in letter combinations qu and pronounced like [kW] — square, queen, quick.

Letter  j always sounds like [dʒ]— jam, jacket, joy.

English words can end with an open or closed syllable, which alters the pronunciation. So, at the end of the words cat, sit, pot there is a closed syllable, so their vowels a, i, o sound like [a, i, o].

In words like home, five, name with an open syllable at the end, the last letter e not pronounced. However, due to it, the vowels inside the word are read in the same way as in the alphabet, namely: name is pronounced [neɪm].

There are also some combinations of letters that are read according to traditional rules, despite the fact that English is a language of exceptions, and the transcription of complex words must be checked against a dictionary. The following table shows English vowel combinations with examples, ways of reading and sounding them.

Combination of English vowels:

Of course, each of the rules has exceptions. However, do not worry that it will be difficult for you to remember everything. You just need to train actively.

In English, there are sounds that are quite difficult to pronounce — diphthongs. In particular, problems with them arise when the language is not learned at an early age, but much later.

Read the material on the topic: Methodology for learning English: which one to choose

How to learn to read words in English

Often English words are read and written differently.The point is that there arethe basic principles behind the spelling system of any language. There are three of them:

• phoneticwhen the spelling completely reproduces the sound composition of the word, that is, we both pronounce and write (Latin);
• morphological, in which the letter displays only a part of the sound composition of the word (Russian);
• historical, where the spelling of words is associated with traditions and rarely coincides with the sound composition (English).

About 400-500 years ago, the British spoke exactly «according to the written». For example, the word knight [nait] then sounded like [kniht], that is, the letters k and gh were read. However, over time, the phonetics of the English language has changed dramatically. Along with that, the spelling has remained practically unchanged.

This explains the great number of rules and patternsyou need to know to learn how to read words in English. The same letters in each case are pronounced differently, taking into account the type of syllable or adjacent letters.

However, if you understand all the laws of English, it is not difficult to understand its nuances.

Now you understand why in English, words are read completely differently than they are written? DLet’s figure out how to read English correctly.

Often, when mastering English, they use textbooks where foreign words are written using the Russian alphabet. But such an approach entails a Russian-language pronunciation. It’s awful to listen to English speech with Russian sounds! What are the guides of the authors of such manuals? After all, a person who initially DOES NOT master the correct articulation will not be able to convey information to a foreigner and understand what he says in response.

With the historical and morphological principles of spelling, one letter can express several different sounds. Let’s look at an example from the Russian language. In the word «gol» the letter «g» is pronounced unchanged — [g], in the word «it» is heard [in], in the word «easily» it is pronounced [x], «boot» sounds like [sapoK]. However, such small discrepancies are rare.

But with English, everything is much more complicated. There are only 6 vowels here — A, O, E, I, U, Y — and each of them is pronounced in four ways, taking into account the type of syllable. Further, each vowel is combined with the rest of the vowels, forming diphthongs (of which there are and triphthongs (of which there are 2).

Agree, learning to read in English is quite difficult. What about those who study independently without consulting a teacher? In this case, it will help transcription. 

Read related material: Best Ways to Learn English

How to learn to read transcription in English

Transcription is the recording of the sound meaning of a word by means of special symbols taken from the Greek alphabet and the Latin alphabet. This system was created in 1889. scientist from France Paul Passy.

Transcription is taken in square brackets. The longitude of a sound is indicated by a subsequent colon. In this way, the sound of any word is accurately conveyed, regardless of its spelling. Transcription is a kind of international code that allows you to recreate sound images of words from any languages ​​of the world.

If you decide to learn not only the spelling of words, but also their transcription — that’s great! If not, you can work with online dictionaries where all the words are pronounced by the robot. The best of them today are “Multitran” and “Lingvo”.

It is important to use dictionaries, not translators!

Examples of small words with transcription and translation:

We are fortunate to be living in the age of the Internet and enjoying many benefits. We can, sitting at a computer, get various knowledge online.

Read related material: 17 reasons why it is important to know English

How to learn to pronounce words correctly in English

So, let’s start with the main thing — What makes English pronunciation different from Russian? That’s right, this is the setting of the language + the power of articulation.

1. The position of the tongue.This is very noticeable if we are silent. Try to test yourself. Now you are silent, but how is your tongue positioned? Let’s guess! In Russian-speaking people, the tongue most often lies on a hill, tightly pressing against the teeth with the front tip (it seems that it is cramped in the mouth), and the tip itself is bent down and lies at the level of the lower teeth. This is the dorsal position.

   In the British, at rest, the tongue is pulled back, lies flat, and the tip is bent up, reaching for the alveoli. Alveoli are the protuberances above the upper teeth.

2. The power of articulation.The British pronounce the words, exhaling air intensively and at the same time contracting the muscles of the mouth. We Russians do not strain and move our lips slightly, we pronounce sounds easily, drowning out the consonants at the end of words.

Therefore, to learn how to pronounce words correctly in English, practice even silently. Bend your tongue in your mouth, pressing the tip against the alveoli.

No matter how strange it may seem, in English-speaking countries it is easy to identify a person who speaks Russian from birth. And the whole point is not in the stereotypes familiar to all.

In Russian, the emotional background is less pronounced than in English.

Undoubtedly, we show emotions in intonations. But for Russian-speaking people, these decreases and increases in intonation in conversation are not so pronounced. Therefore, for us the formulation of speech and intonation of a native speaker seems a little unusual.

English speakers raise and lower their tone of speech to make it more emotional. The Russian style of conversation assumes a measured calm pronunciation, which sometimes makes you think about the lack of interest in communication.

For the British, not only the tempo and intonation of pronunciation are important. Accents and logical pauses play a special role.

For example, consider the Word «Indeed?», Which means «Really?», «Really?» Using stress, you can express distrust, surprise, interest, or demonstrate to the interlocutor that you are listening to him.

In some cases, with the help of increasing intonation, sentences are singled out in the form of requests, questions with short answers, lists, and appeals to a specific person.

It is recommended to lower the tone by uttering orders (orders), questions for detailed answers, as well as statements.

Read the material on the topic: How to learn English text quickly and for a long time

Some more tips on how to learn to read well in English

We will devote this section to the practical experience gained in teaching students at different levels. All of these tips have been proven to be effective and useful in language acquisition.

Tongue twisters, most often aimed at practicing a specific sound, will help you. Here are some examples that you can use.

English tongue twister

Russian translation

Source: https://www.englishpatient.org/articles/kak-nauchitsya-chitat-na-anglijskom-yazyke

English letter combinations English for children

›Learning a language› Translation and reading ›English letter combinations — English for children in simple explanations

Acquaintance of kids with the English language is fun and bright: with songs, rhymes, cartoons and a variety of games. The playful form of classes instills in children an interest in the language and allows them to quickly memorize new information. It is very easy to conduct such lessons when learning the alphabet, sounds or popular words.

But how can you explain to a child the complex rules of reading that not every adult will understand the first time? Yes Easy! Our material about English letter combinations will teach English to children in an accessible and interesting way.

Today we will study the basic combinations of English letters with kids, but first, we will explain to adults when to start learning the rules of reading with children.

At what age to teach a child to read in English and how to conduct classes

Only a lazy person didn’t joke about the differences in spelling and pronunciation of English words, so it is widely known that reading is one of the pitfalls of British speech. Yes, in Russian we also often write differently than we pronounce. But, as a rule, this is an error of one letter and does not change the meaning of the word. But the grammar of the English language in terms of reading is much more difficult, because here it should be borne in mind that:

• There are 26 sounds for 44 letters of the alphabet;
• The pronunciation of some letters depends on the type of syllable;
• There are «dumb» syllables;
• Combinations of letters are often used (diphthongs, triphthongs);
• The duration of the sound affects the meaning of the word.

All these nuances led to the development of special reading rules, but not all words obey them either! Many English expressions have entered speech use with «wrong» pronunciation and are considered exceptions to the rule.

In such a confusion, not all adults are able to understand, and even more so for children. Therefore, we would recommend starting to engage in English reading with a child no earlier than 7-8 years old. During this period, children already go to school, become more disciplined and begin to understand the importance of knowledge. At the same time, the rules of reading in English are a rather complex topic, so it must be studied gradually. Here are some tips for class format.

1. Conduct reading lessons at least 2 times a week.
2. Be sure to memorize the correct transcription of the pronunciations.
3. During the lesson, master 3-4 rules with the baby, carefully fixing them in practice. For example, we studied the pronunciation of a letter in an open syllable — read 10-15 words for this rule. In the next lesson, they necessarily conducted a repetition of what was previously learned.
4. Memorizing letter combinations is best supported by writing. It is recommended to conduct a written dictation every 2 weeks (letter / combination — pronunciation).
5. Encourage your child to read short texts and dialogues. Entertaining mini-stories will increase interest in classes and help consolidate the knowledge gained.

In addition to general recommendations, we note that you should not forget about individuality. When conducting classes, focus on the mood and well-being of the child: without the child’s interest, no lessons will bring the desired result.

Now, after a little theory, it’s time to move on to practice. Let’s consider the rules of reading in English and work them out using examples. Note that the material is largely simplified, since in this article we study English letter combinations in the English for children format. Let’s get started!

English reading rules for children

There are 26 letters in the English alphabet. Surely, you already know how they are spelled and how they are pronounced.

But did you know that pronunciation can change when we put letters into different words? For example, in the word sky (sky — sky) the last letter is read as «ah», and in the word family (family — family) the same last letter y already reads «and».

So how do you read English words then? In order not to be mistaken, we just need to learn special English rules and get acquainted with the options for the sound of letters.

Open syllable rule

An open syllable is the syllable of a word that ends with a vowel. We remind you that any syllable must necessarily contain a vowel sound and cannot consist of one letter.

For example, let’s analyze the word cake (cake — cake) by syllables:

1. Take the first letter C.
2. Add vowel A.
3. 2 letters K and E remain, but the last E cannot be read, so a new syllable cannot be made with it. It turns out that the whole given word is one syllable cake.
4. Even though E cannot be read, it is still a vowel. Therefore, we have an example of an open syllable. And in this case, the letter A reads «hey».

So, if the last letter of a syllable is a vowel, then it is an open syllable. In this case, the vowel is taken into account even in those cases when it is not pronounced.

Closed syllable rule

A closed syllable is a syllable ending in a consonant.

Let’s analyze the word cat (cat — cat): take the first letter C, add the vowel A. One remaining letter T cannot be a separate syllable, so it belongs to the first syllable, and again our whole word consists of one syllable cat. This syllable ends with a consonant letter, which means it is closed and here the rule of reading the letter A as «e» applies.

Note that if we pronounced the word cat like «Kate», we would not have gotten a cat, but the female name Kate. Therefore, it is very important to learn how to correctly distinguish between open and closed syllables. Now let’s find out what other letters change their sound in different words.

Vowels

This table explains the English vowel sounds for children.

Letter	Sound in an open syllable	Closed syllable sound	Open syllable + R	Closed syllable + R
A	[ei] «hey» make, lake, game	[æ] «uh» apple, man, map	[eǝ] «ee» care, hair, square	[a:] «aa (p)» car, far, star
E*	[i:] «and» me, he, she	[e] «e» pen, pencil, red	[iǝ] «ye» clear, here, fear	[ə:] «ё» her
I	[aɪ] «ah» wife, fine, bike	[ɪ] «and»

Source: https://speakenglishwell.ru/anglijskie-bukvosochetaniya-anglijskij-dlya-detej/

Plural in English — online lessons for beginners

Read the entire lesson and do a short, easy listening exercise (a translation is shown after each assignment). In the second block of the exercise, you will be asked to write the same phrases under dictation, so listen and read carefully the phrases that you compose in the first block.  

  Start exercise  

In most cases, the plural in English is formed very simply — the ending “-s» or «-Is«, which read differently depending on the consonant in front of it — voiced or voiceless:

For words ending in «s, ss, ch, tch, x» (hissing or whistling sounds), the ending «-Is«, Which reads loudly [of].

In a side-by-side exercise (see the main exercise below), an English noun is shown; to see it in the plural, just click on the word.

In the lesson exercise, beginners will be able to compose phrases on their own — click on the English words to translate the phrase proposed in Russian. A few words that we will meet in the exercise:

• to want [that uOnt] — to want (the verb following the verb «to want» requires the use of a particle «to«- I want to help you — I want to help you) to have [tu hEv] — to have one [uan] — one

Features of the use of plural nouns

Grammatical addition: in English, the plural can be in «countable nouns«. There are a number of nouns that are used only in the singular (we emphasize, in English; the use of words in Russian and English can both coincide and diverge, but we need to get out of the habit of making comparisons with the native language, and plunge into the logic of English):

• money [mani] — money hair [hea] — hair advice [adv] — advice

A number of other nouns are used only in the plural form:

• glasses [glAsiz] — glassesgoods [goodz] — goods trousers [trauzez] — trousers people [people] — people (singular, but implies the plural)

A number of English nouns form the plural in a special way:

• man — men [men] — [men] — man / men, people woman — women [umen] — [wiming] — woman / women (we prepare the organs of speech for pronouncing [y], but immediately pronounce the next sound) child — children [child] — [chIldren] — child / children

A separate lesson will be devoted to these features of the plural in English; now it is important for beginners to remember the basic rule for the formation of the plural.

Plural adjectives

Adjectives in english do not change in the plural and do not change by gender:

• good guy [good boy] — good boy good boys [good boys] — good boys good girl [good girl] — good girl good girls [good girls] — good girls

A noun before another noun can act as an adjective; in this case, it is not used in the plural:

• life situations — life situations

▲ Start online exercise

Next: Articles A, AN, THE and a bit of TO. • Tutor: preparation for the exam and exam, passing international exams.
• «My day» / «Working day» / «My day off»
• TEST elementary / intermediate

Source: http://english.prolingvo.info/beginner/plural.php

Animals in English (with transcription and translation)

Subject «Animals Animals» — one of the first, which is encountered when learning English. Today we will analyze the names of pets, wild animals, groups of animals (such as a flock) in English, and also learn how animals “speak” in English. All words are given with transcription and translation.

: “Exercises: Animals in English”.

Pet names in English

domestic animals	[dəʊˈmɛstɪk ˈænɪməlz]	Pets
cow	[kaʊ]	cow
bull	[bʊl]	bull
horse	[hɔːs]	horse
stallions	[ˈStæljən]	stallion
sea	[meə]	mare
goat	[gəʊt]	goat
he goat	[hiː] [gəʊt]	goat
sheep	[ʃiːp]	sheep
RAM	[ræm]	ram
donkey	[ˈDɒŋki]	a donkey
mule	[mjuːl]	mule
pig	[pɪg]	pig
cat	[kaet]	cat
dog	[dɒg]	dog
calf	[kɑːf]	calf
lamb	[læm]	lamb
Foal	[fəʊl]	foal
piglet	[ˈPɪglət]	pig
kitten	[ˈKɪtn]	kitten
puppy	[ˈPʌpi]	puppy
mouse	[maʊs]	mouse
war	[raet]	rat
chinchilla	[ʧɪnˈʧɪlə]	chinchilla
hamster	[ˈHæmstə]	hamster
guinea pig (cavy)	[ˈGɪni pɪg] [ˈkeɪvi]	cavy

Note:

1. Plural of mouse — mice, not mouses.
2. Word sheep plural too sheep (the forms are the same).

Wild animals in English

wild animals	[waɪldˈænɪməl]	wild animal
wolf	[wʊlf]	wolf
fox	[fɒks]	a fox
bear	[beə]	bear
tiger	[ˈTaɪgə]	tiger
leo	[ˈLaɪən]	lion
elephant	[ˈƐlɪfənt]	elephant
ape (monkey)	[eɪp] [ˈmʌŋki]	a monkey
camel	[ˈKæməl]	camel
rabbit	[ˈRæbɪt]	rabbit
hare	[heə]	hare
antelope	[ˈÆntɪləʊp]	antelope
badger	[ˈBæʤə]	badger
squirrel	[ˈSkwɪrəl]	squirrel
beaver	[ˈBiːvə]	beaver
zebra	[ˈZiːbrə]	zebra
kangaroo	[ˌKæŋgəˈruː]	kangaroo
crocodile	[ˈKrɒkədaɪl]	crocodile
rhino (rhinoceros)	[ˈRaɪnəʊ] [raɪˈnɒsərəs]	rhino
deer	[dɪə]	deer
lynx	[lɪŋks]	lynx
seal	[siːl]	seal
tortoise (turtle)	[ˈTɔːtəs] [ˈtɜːtl]	turtle
cheetah	[ˈʧiːtə]	cheetah
hyena	[haɪˈiːnə]	hyena
raccoon	[rəˈkuːn]	raccoon
giraffe	[ʤɪˈrɑːf]	giraffe
hedgehog	[ˈHɛʤhɒg]	hedgehog
leopard	[ˈLɛpəd]	leopard
panther	[ˈPænθə]	panther
elk (moose)	[ɛlk] ([muːs])	elk
anteater	[ˈÆntˌiːtə]	ant-eater

Source: https://langformula.ru/animals-in-english/

Spotlight 2: a fat cat

We continue to learn English with the 2nd grade Spotlight textbook.

Already with the youngest child.

Today, according to the plan, we have a verse about a fat cat — a fat cat

on page 140, Module 5, Ex. 2 (Activities Module 5, p. 140, Ex. 2).

The poem is very easy even for toddlers.

This is a sound exercise [æ]. Used words where the letter a is read as «E» [æ]. In Russian, the sound denoted in the English transcription [æ] sounds like «E» in the word «this», but more open than the Russian «E» in the word «sort of».

And just a striking example of reading the sound æ is the word cat. You can listen to how the word cat sounds with the correct pronunciation on the website wooordhunt.ru.

The verse about the fat cat in English:

a cat

a fat cat

a fat black cat

Mack is a fat black cat

Transcription:

æ kaet

æ fæt kæt

æ fæt blak kæt

mæk ɪz æ fæt blak kæt

It is better to immediately teach the child to read the transcription correctly. You cannot learn English without the ability to read transcriptional signs.

How to read text in Russian letters:

uh kat

uh fat cat

uh fat black cat

Mack from e fat black cat

Attention! Never teach your child to read English text using Russian letters. Our children are not stupid enough not to learn to read in English, the easiest of all languages ​​in the world.

Russian letters are given here only for those parents who have never studied English, but want to check if the child teaches the verse correctly. That is, it is not for children, but for adults who do not have the time / desire to learn English!

Translation into Russian:

cat

fat cat

fat black cat

Poppy — fat black cat

Council. The child must always thoroughly know the translation of everything he teaches. And keep this translation in your head.

Over time, as you learn English, it will help you automatically mentally translate words from Russian into English.

When you learn poetry and the child forgets something, do not tell him English words. Tell me better in Russian. Let him translate and memorize the translation himself.

I think there will be no problems with memorizing the verse about the fat cat.

The verse is really very simple and easy.

Do not be lazy to learn English with your child!

First, common activities bring children and parents closer together.

Secondly, it will be easier for you to help your child learn English. And there will be no need to hire tutors already in the second grade.

Thirdly, it will be useful not only for the child, but also for you. English is the language of international communication and can always come in handy. And learning a foreign language is very useful for the brain, develops memory.

You cannot know in advance when English will be useful for you or your child.

I remember the time when I myself began to teach English to my youngest daughter at the age of 5. After that, she happily went to the English club and began to know the language much better than me. And now she teaches English at one of the best language schools in St. Petersburg.

I didn’t waste any time either. The knowledge came in handy for me when passing the candidate exam in English. Constant lessons with children do not allow me to forget English until now.

Learn English easy and fun!

Galina Shefer, site «Graphomaniac for Two», 2017. Copying of text and photos is possible only with the written permission of the author. All rights reserved.

Similar entries:

Source: https://grafomanim.ru/zapiski-grafomanki/spotlight-2-a-fat-cat.html

Rules for reading English for beginners: a table of letters and diphthongs with transcription and pronunciation

30.05.2019

Transcription is a recording of the sound of a letter or word in the form of a sequence of special phonetic symbols.

The transcription may not be interesting to everyone, but it is undoubtedly useful. Knowing the transcription, you will correctly read the unfamiliar word without assistance. In the classroom, you yourself can read the transcription of a word (for example, from the blackboard) without asking others, thereby facilitating the process of assimilating lexical material, etc.

At first, there will be errors in the correct reading, tk. there are always some subtleties in pronunciation. But this is just a matter of practice. A little later, if necessary, you can transcribe the words yourself.

Transcription is directly related to reading rules… In English, not everything that is seen (letter combinations) is read (as in Russian and Spanish, for example).

When textbooks (mostly Russian) tell about the rules of reading, much attention is paid to the type of syllable. Usually about five of these types are described.

But such a detailed theoretical presentation of the rules of reading does not greatly facilitate the fate of a beginner, and may even mislead him.

It must be remembered that a good knowledge of the rules of reading is a great merit of practice, not theory.

Your attention will be presented the basic rules for reading individual letters and letter combinations. «Behind the scenes» will remain some phonetic moments that are difficult to convey in writing.

A little patience! Both transcription and reading rules are easy to learn in a short time. Then you will be surprised: «How easy it has become to read and write!»

Note! However, do not forget that, despite its widespread distribution, the English language does not cease to be a LANGUAGE, full of exceptions, stylistic and other delights. And at any stage of language learning, and especially at the initial stage, often look into the dictionary.

Transcription icons and their pronunciation

[ b ]	[ б ]	Single sounds
[ d ]	[ д ]	[ Λ ]	[ а ] — a short
[ f ]	[ ф ]	[ a:]	[ а ] — deep
[ 3 ]	[ ж ]	[ i ]	[ и ] — a short
[ d3 ]	[ j ]	[ i: ]	[ и ] — long
[ g ]	[ г ]	[ o ]1	[ о ] — a short
[ h ]	[ х ]	[ o: ]	[ о ] — deep
[ k ]	[ к ]	[ u ]	[ у ] — a short
[ l ]	[ л ]	[ u: ]	[ у ] — long
[ m ]	[ м ]	[ e ]	as in the word «plеd «
[ n ]	[ н ]	[ ε: ]	as in the word «mёd «
[ p ]	[ п ]	Diphthongs
[ s ]	[ с ]	[ əu ]	[ OU ]
[ t ]	[ т ]	[ au ]	[ ay ]
[ v ]	[ в ]	[ ei ]	[ Hey ]
[ z ]	[ з ]	[ oi ]	[ ой ]
[ t∫]	[ ч ]	[ ai ]	[ ouch ]
[∫]	[ ш ]
[ r ]	Soft [ р ] as in a word рUssky
[ о	The sign of softness as in the Russian letter Ё (ёlka)
[ θ ]	[ æ ]
[ ð ]
[ ŋ ]	Nasal, in the French manner, sound [ n ]	[ ə ]4	[neutral sound]
[ w ]

Notes:

1. In many school textbooks and in some domestic dictionaries, this sound is denoted as [ o ]. But, in modern English dictionaries, this sound is usually denoted as shown in the table.
2. Diphthong Is a complex sound with two sounds. In most cases, a diphthong can be «split» into two sounds, but not in writing. Since in many cases one of the constituent sounds of the diphthong, if used separately, will have a different designation. For example diphthong [ au ]: separately such a transcriptional icon as [ a ] — Does not exist. Therefore, most diphthongs are indicated not by a set of different transcription symbols, but by their own sign.
3. In many school textbooks and in some domestic dictionaries, this sound is denoted as [ ou ], which is more descriptive. But, in modern English dictionaries, this sound is usually denoted as shown in the table.
4. This sign often denotes unstressed vowel sounds in transcription, regardless of the letters (combinations) that this sound give.

Reading rules

English words have several types of syllables. However, to understand the whole system, it is necessary to remember and distinguish between the following two types: open и закрытый.

Open syllable ends in a vowel: game

Source: https://crownenglishclub.ru/baza-znanij/pravila-chteniya-anglijskogo-yazyka-dlya-nachinayushhih-tablitsa-bukv-i-diftongov-s-transkriptsiej-i-proiznosheniem.html