British and american word pronunciation differences

Differences in pronunciation between American English (AmE) and British English (BrE) can be divided into

  • differences in accent (i.e. phoneme inventory and realisation). See differences between General American and Received Pronunciation for the standard accents in the United States and Britain; for information about other accents see regional accents of English speakers.
  • differences in the pronunciation of individual words in the lexicon (i.e. phoneme distribution). In this article, transcriptions use Received Pronunciation (RP) to represent BrE and General American (GAm) to represent AmE.

In the following discussion:

  • superscript A2 after a word indicates that the BrE pronunciation of the word is a common variant in AmE.
  • superscript B2 after a word indicates that the AmE pronunciation of the word is a common variant in BrE.
  • superscript A1 after a word indicates that the pronunciation given as BrE is also the most common variant in AmE.
  • superscript B1 after a word indicates that the pronunciation given as AmE is also the most common variant in BrE.

Stress[edit]

Subscript a or b means that the relevant unstressed vowel is also reduced to or in AmE or BrE, respectively.

French stress[edit]

For many loanwords from French, AmE has final-syllable stress, while BrE stresses an earlier syllable. French loanwords that differ in stress only are listed below.

BrE AmE words with relevant syllable stressed in each dialect[1]
1st 2nd débâcleB2[nb 1]
2nd 1st artisanalA1, liaisonabA2*[nb 2], macraméab, moustache/mustache,[nb 3] Renaissance,ab[nb 4] reveille[nb 5]
1st last ballet, bandeau, barragea,[nb 6] batonab*, beignet, bereta[nb 7], bidet, blaséA2, bouclé, bouffantA2, [nb 8] bourrée, brasserieb, brassièreab, brevetabA2,[2] brochureb*B2,[nb 9][3] brûlée, buffeta,[nb 10][4] bustier,[nb 11] cachetA2, café*a*b, caffeineA2, calvados,[nb 12] canardaB1,[5] chagrina, chaletA2, chassé, château, chauffeurA2, cliché*a, collagea*B2, cornet, crochet, croissant*a, croquet, debrisaA2,[nb 13] debut, décorA2, démarche, demimonde, denier,[nb 14] detailaA2, détente, duvet, épée, figurineB2, filetb,[nb 15][6] flambé,[nb 16] fouetté, foulard, frappé, fricandeau, frisson, frontier, garageaB2,[nb 17] gâteau, glacé, gourmetA2, lamé,[nb 18] lingerie,[nb 19] manqué, massif, massage, matinée, métier, mirageB2, moiré, montage, negligeeA2, névé, nonchalantbA2, nondescript, nouveau, outré, parfait, parquet*b, pastelbB2, pastilleb,[nb 20] pâté,[nb 21] peignoir, pension,[nb 22] pissoir, plateau, précisA2, protégébB2,[nb 23][8] purée, ragout, rapport, rentier, risqué, rosé, roué, rouleau, rusé, sachet, salona, saté, sauté, savantabA2, soignée, soirée, solfège,[9] sorbeta,[nb 24][10] sortie, soufflé, soupçon,[11] tableau, tonneau, touché, toupée, triage, trousseau, vaccine, valet, vermouthB2, vol-au-vent.

Also some French names, including: Argand,[nb 25] Avignona[nb 26][12] Beauvoir,[nb 27][13] Bizet,[nb 28][14] Blériot,[nb 29][15] Boulez,[nb 30][16] Calais,[nb 31][17] Cambray,[nb 32][18] Cartier,[nb 33][19] Chablis,[nb 34][20] Chamonix,[nb 35][21] Chabrier,[nb 36][22] Chardonnay,[nb 37][23] Chirac,[nb 38][24] Chopin,[nb 39][25] Citroën,[nb 40] Cocteau,[nb 41][26] Dakar,[nb 42][27] Dauphin,[nb 43][28] Dauphine,[nb 44][29] Degas,[nb 45][30] Depardieu,[nb 46][31] Dijon,[nb 47][32] Dumas,[nb 48][33] Flaubert,[nb 49][34] Foucault,[nb 50][35] Franglais,[nb 51] Gerard,[nb 52][36] Godard,[nb 53][37] Lascaux,[nb 54][38] Lyon,[nb 55][39] Mallarmé,[nb 56][40] Manet,[nb 57][41] Marat,[nb 58][42] Massenet,[nb 59] Maurice,[nb 60][43] Millais,[nb 61][44] Molière,[nb 62][45] Monet,[nb 63][46] Perpignan,[nb 64][47] Perrault,[nb 65][48] Perrier,[nb 66] Peugeot,[nb 67] Piaf,[nb 68][49] Poirot,[nb 69][50] Poitiers,[nb 70][51] Poussin,[nb 71][52] Rabelais,[nb 72][53] Renaulta,[nb 73][54] Rimbaud,[nb 74][55] Rodin,[nb 75][56] Roget,[nb 76][57] Rouen,[nb 77][58] Rousseau,[nb 78][59] Roussillon,[nb 79][60] Satie,[nb 80][61] Seurat,[nb 81][62] Thoreau,[nb 82][63] Tissot,[nb 83] Truffaut,[nb 84][64] Valois,[nb 85][65] Vouvray,[nb 86][66] Watteau.[nb 87][67]

last 1st addressbA1(noun), cigarette, esquireb*A2, lychee,[nb 88] magazineA2, mayonnaiseA2,[nb 89] penchant,[nb 90] potpourri,[nb 91] shallotA2,[nb 92] solitaire, timbale,[nb 93] tiradeA2, ([bi]p)artisana.B1/2[nb 94]

Also some French names, including: Dunkirk, Niger[nb 95]

2nd last accouchement, arrondissement, attaché, au courant, charivari, consomméa, cor anglaisB2, décolleté, déclassé, démodé,[68] dénouement, divertissement,[nb 96] distingué, escargot, exposé, fiancé(e)A2,[nb 97] financier, hors de combat, hotelier, papier-mâché, par excellence, portmanteau, poste restante, rapprochement, retroussé, soi-disant, sommelier.

Also some French names, including: Debussyb, Dubonneta, Élysées, Montpellier, Parmentier, Piaget, Rambouillet.

Verbs ending in -ate[edit]

Most 2-syllable verbs ending in -ate have first-syllable stress in AmE and second-syllable stress in BrE. This includes castrate, collate, cremateA2,[69] curate, dictateA2, donateA2, frustrate, gestate, gradate, gyrate, hydrate, locateA2, migrate, mutate, narratebA2, notate, phonate, placatebB2, prostrate, pulsate, rotate, serrateA2, spectate, stagnate, striate,[70] translateA2, truncate, vacateb*A2,[71] vibrateA2. Examples where AmE and BrE match include conflate, create, debate, equate, elate, inflate, negate; and mandate and probate with first-syllable stress. Derived nouns in -ator retain the distinction, but those in -ation do not. Also, migratoryB2[72] and vibratoryB2[73] sometimes retain the distinction.

Most longer -ate verbs are pronounced the same in AmE and BrE, but a few have first-syllable stress in BrE and second-syllable stress in AmE: elongateaA2, impregnate, inculcate, inculpate, infiltrateA2, remonstrateabA2,[74] sequestrate, tergiversateaA1[nb 98].[75] For some derived adjectives ending -atory stress-shifting to -a(tory)- occurs in BrE. Among these cases are celebratorya[76] (BrE: ), compensatorya,[77] participatorya,[78] regulatoryaB1.[79] AmE stresses the same syllable as the corresponding -ate verb (except compensatory, where AmE stresses the second syllable). A further -atory difference is laboratoryB2: AmE and BrE .[80]

Miscellaneous stress[edit]

There are a number of cases where same-spelled noun, verb and/or adjective have uniform stress in one dialect but distinct stress in the other (e.g. alternate, prospect): see initial-stress-derived noun.

The following table lists words not brought up in the discussion so far where the main difference between AmE and BrE is in stress. Usually, it also follows a reduction of the unstressed vowel. Words marked with subscript A or B are exceptions to this, and thus retains a full vowel in the (relatively) unstressed syllable of AmE or BrE. A subsequent asterisk, *, means that the full vowel is usually retained; a preceding * means that the full vowel is sometimes retained.

Words with other points of difference are listed in a later table.

BrE AmE words with relevant syllable stressed in each dialect[1]
1st 2nd AdonaiAB2, adultBAB2, albumen/albumin, aristocrat, Bernard,[nb 99] bitumen, Boudicca, cerebral/cerebrumA2, combatant/combative, communal, complex (adj.), composite, converseA2(adj.),[81] illustrativeA2, Kodály, majusculeA2, miniscule/minuscule, Mosul, omegaA,[nb 100] paprika, patinaA1, perfume (noun), pianistAB2, raceme, Riyadh, sitar, sojourn (verb), stalactiteA2, stalagmiteA2, subalternA2,[nb 101] SuezA2*, thanksgivingABB2, transferenceAA2, travail, UlyssesA
2nd 1st accent (verb)A2, alternate (adj.), amortise/amortize, ancillaryB, archangelB1, Argyle, AugustineBA2, Azores, backfire (verb), banalA2, Bantu, baptize, Baghdad, Balthazar, Byzantine, capillary, capsize, catenary, cervicalAB2,[nb 102] (bi/quin/quater)centenaryB2, circulatory, controversyB1, Corfu, corollary, defence/offenseAA2(sports only), deficitB1,[nb 103] despicableB2, elsewhereABAB2, enquiry/inquiryAA2,[nb 104] epsilon, expletiveA, fritillary,[nb 105] Galbraith, guffawA1,[nb 106][82] hegemony, Hong KongA2, implicative/multiplicative/predicative, Koblenz, lasso, Malay, Mardi Gras[citation needed], marshmallowAB,[nb 107] maxillary, medullary,[nb 108] metallurgy, miscellany,[nb 109] nomenclatureAB2, obligatory, patronal, pretence/pretenseAA1, princess*AB2,[nb 110] prospect (verb), recluse, recourse, research (noun), resource, respiratory, rupee, salivary, Senegal, saxophonist/xylophonistBB2, skeletalBB2,[nb 111] spinet, spread(-)eagledAB,[83] Stonehenge, stonewall, substratumABA2, tracheaAB2, urinalAB2,[nb 112] vaginalAB2,[nb 113] volatilise/volatilize, wastepaper, waylay, weekendABB2, Zoroaster
1st 3rd opportuneABB2
3rd 1st Bucharest, Budapest, disciplinary,[nb 114] furthermore, h(a)emoglobinAB, manganese, manateeB2, margarineB, PakistanA2,[84] Panama, PyreneesAB, Singapore, stewardessB2
2nd 3rd submarinerA2, Yom Kippur
3rd 2nd aboveboard, alumin(i)um, arytenoidA1, CaribbeanA2, centrifugalB2, chimpanzeeA1, obscurantismABA2[85]
4th 1st manageress

Affixes[edit]

-ary, -ery, -ory, -mony, -ative, -bury, -berry[edit]

Where the syllable preceding the suffixes -ary, -ery, -ory, -mony or -ative is unstressed, AmE pronounces the penultimate syllable with a full vowel sound: for -ary and -ery, for -ory, for -mony and -ative. BrE reduces the vowel to a schwa or even elides it completely: [-əri] or [-ri] (hereafter transcribed as in diaphonemic transcription), and . So military is AmE and BrE ,[86] inventory is AmE and BrE ,[87] testimony is AmE and BrE [88] and innovative is AmE or and BrE .[89] (The elision is avoided in carefully enunciated speech, especially with endings -rary, -rery, -rory.[citation needed])

Where the syllable preceding -ary, -ery, -ory, -mony or -ative is stressed however, AmE also usually reduces the vowel: , . Exceptions include library,[90] primaryA2,[91] rosemary.[92] (Pronouncing library as rather than is stigmatized in the United States, for example as associated with African-American Vernacular English,[93] whereas in BrE, is common in rapid or casual speech.)

The suffix -berry is pronounced by similar rules, except that in BrE it may be full after an unstressed syllable, while in AmE it is usually full in all cases. Thus we have strawberry: BrE , AmE , and whortleberry: BrE/AmE .

The placename component -bury (e.g. Canterbury) has a similar difference: AmE has a full vowel: where BrE has a reduced one: .

Note that stress differences between the dialects occur with some words ending in -atory (listed above) and a few others like capillary (included in #Miscellaneous stress above).

Formerly the BrE–AmE distinction for adjectives carried over to corresponding adverbs ending -arily, -erily or -orily. However, nowadays some BrE speakers adopt the AmE practice of shifting the stress to the penultimate syllable: militarily is thus sometimes rather than , and necessarily is in BrE either or .[94]

-ile[edit]

Words ending in unstressed -ile derived from Latin adjectives ending -ilis are mostly pronounced with a full vowel in BrE but a reduced vowel or syllabic L in AmE (e.g. fertile rhymes with fur tile in BrE but with furtle in AmE).

AmE will (unlike BrE, except when indicated withB2) have a reduced last vowel:

  • generally in facile, (in)fertile, fissile, fragile, missile, stabile (adjective), sterile, tensile, versatile, virile, volatile
  • usually in agile, docile,[nb 115] decile, ductile,[95] futile, hostile, juvenile, (im)mobile (adjective and phone), puerile, tactile
  • rarely in domicileB2,[nb 116] erectile, febrileA2,[96][nb 117] infantile, nubile, pensile, percentile, projectile,[97] reptile, senileA2,[nb 118] servile, textile, utile[98]
  • never in crocodile, exile, gentile, reconcile; nor to compounds of monosyllables (e.g. turnstile from stile)

In some words the pronunciation also comes into play:

  • BrE , AmE : c(h)amomileA2, mercantileA2, mobile/stabile (decorations)
  • BrE , AmE or : motile, prehensile, pulsatile, tractile
  • BrE , AmE or : imbecile
  • BrE , AmE : rutile (BrE, AmE also )[99]

Related endings -ility, -ilize, -iliary are pronounced the same in AmE as BrE.

di-[edit]

The pronunciation of the vowel of the prefix di- in words such as dichotomy, digest (verb), dilate, dilemma, dilute, diluvial, dimension, direct, dissect, disyllable, divagate, diverge, diverse, divert, divest, and divulge as well as their derivational forms vary between and or in both British and American English.[100]: 237 

-ine[edit]

The suffix -ine,[9] when unstressed, is pronounced sometimes (e.g. feline), sometimes (e.g. morphine) and sometimes (e.g. medicine). Some words have variable pronunciation within BrE, or within AmE, or between BrE and AmE. Generally, AmE is more likely to favor or , and BrE to favor .

BrE , AmE (1) : carbineA2, FlorentineA2, internecineA2, philistineA2, pristineB2[nb 119], salineA2, serpentineA2.

BrE , AmE (1) (2) : adamantineA2.

BrE , AmE : uterineB2.

BrE , AmE (1) (2) (3) : crystalline, labyrinthine.[101]

BrE (1) , AmE (1) (2) : strychnineA2.

Effects of the weak vowel merger[edit]

The weak vowel merger causes affixes such as -ate (as in climate), be- (before a consonant), de- (as in decide), -ed (with a sounded vowel), -es (with a sounded vowel), -est, -less, -ness, pre- (as in prepare) and re- (before a consonant) to be pronounced with the schwa (the a in about), rather than the unstressed (found in the second syllable of locksmith). Conservative RP uses in each case, so that before, waited, roses and faithless are pronounced , rather than , which are more usual in General American. The pronunciations with are gaining ground in RP and in the case of certain suffixes (such as -ate and -less) have become the predominant variants. The noun carelessness is pronounced in modern RP and in conservative RP; both pronunciations typically merge in GA (usually towards the latter). This variation is denoted with the symbol in some of the dictionaries published by Oxford University Press and in the Routledge Dictionary of Pronunciation of Current English. In the latter, the British pronunciation of climate is transcribed ˈklʌɪmᵻt, though carelessness is transcribed ˈkɛːləsnəs.

Affixes such as dis-, in-, -ing and mis- contain in conservative RP as well as General American and modern RP, so that words such as disloyal or teaching are phonemically and in all three varieties.

Weak forms[edit]

The title Saint before a person’s name has a weak form in BrE but not AmE:
before vowels, .[102]

Miscellaneous pronunciation differences[edit]

Entry for «Herb» from Walker’s Critical Pronouncing Dictionary, (London: Tegg, 1833), showing pronunciation without /h/

These tables list words pronounced differently but spelled the same. See also the table of words with different pronunciation reflected in the spelling.

Single differences[edit]

Words with multiple points of difference of pronunciation are in the table after this one. Accent-based differences are ignored. For example, Moscow is RP and GAm , but only the – difference is highlighted here, since both the presence of a contrastive /ɒ/ vowel in RP (which falls together with /ɑː/ in GA) and the RP use of [əʊ] rather than [oʊ] are predictable from the accent. Also, tiara is listed with AmE ; the marry–merry–Mary merger changes this vowel for many Americans.

Many sources omit the length marks in transcriptions of AmE, so that words such as father or keep are transcribed /ˈfɑðər/ and /ˈkip/ rather than and . Even though it is not phonemic, vowel length in GA works in a very similar manner to RP, so this is mainly a difference in transcription.

BrE AmE Words
Excluding words changed by the trap–bath split,[103] (which affects most southern British speakers and almost no American speakers): banana, cabana, choraleA2, ColoradoA2, finale, Internationale, khakiA2, localeA2, mascara, morale, musicale, NevadaA2,[nb 120][104] pajama(s)A2, PakistaniAB2, pastorale, plaqueB2, rale, rationale, SaharaA2, sarsaparilla, scenarioA2, seraglio, sopranoA2, SudanB2, sultana, tiaraA2. Suffix words ending in -orama/-ramaA2: cyclorama, diorama and panorama.
«A» in the anglicised pronunciation of many foreign names and loanwords,[105] e.g.: Abu Dhabi, Abu Nidal, accelerando, AngstA2, AnkaraA2, aquaA2, Ariosto, Asti, Asunción, Avogadro, Baku, Balaton, banzai, Basra, Białystok, Bratislava, camaraderie, CaracasB2, Carpaccio, CasablancaA2, Casals, caveatA2, Cézanne,[nb 121] chiantiA2, Chiapas, dacha, Dachau, d’Annunzio, Delgado, Dushanbe, Dvořák, Francesca, ganja, Gdansk, , gazpacho, gestalt, glissando, goulashA2, grappa, Gulag, gratin, hacienda, Haryana, jalapeño, Jaruzelski, Kafka, Kalashnikov, kakemono, kamikaze, Kampala, kampong, kanji, Kant, katakana, kebab,[106] lambada, La Paz, Las (placenames, e.g. Las Vegas)A2, lasagnaB2, latteB2, Lausanne, Lillehammer, Luhansk, macho, mafia, mamba/o, MannA2, mantra, maraca, MarioA2, Mascagni, Mazda, MilanA2, Mohammed, MombasaA2, Pablo PicassoA2, paparazzo, paso doble, pasta, patioA2, Paternoster, Pavlova, pilaf(f), Pusan, quattrocento, Rachmaninoff, Rafsanjani, rallentandoA2, Ramadan, ravioliA2, regattaA2, ritardando, Rwanda, salsa, samba, samizdat, sanitaire, sashimi, sforzando, shiatsu, SlovakA2, squacco, Sri LankaA2, stalag, taco, tagliatelle, trattoria, Traviata, tzatziki, Uganda, Vivaldi, volte-face, wigwam, Wuhan, Yap (island), Yasser/sir, Yerevan
charade, cicadaA2, galaAB2,[nb 122] graveA2(accent), pralineB2,[107] promenadeB2(square dancing), strafe, stratumB2,[nb 123][9] tomatoA2
agave, swathe
AdolfA2, basil (plant)A2, canineB2, granary, (im)placable, macronA2, pal(a)eo-, patronise/-izeA2, (com/un)patriot(ic)B2, (ex/re)patriate/-ationB2, phalanxA2, plaitA2, Sabine, satrapA2, satyrA2,[9]
apparatusA2, apricotA2, babel, comrade, dahlia,[nb 124] dataA2, digitalisA2, gratisB2, patentB2, rabidB2, statusA2[9]
B2 twat
quagmireB2,[108] scallopB2, wrath[nb 125]
Boulogne, Dordogne
B2 A2 Xhosa
or sloth, trothA2, wontA2, wrothB2
A2 schmaltz(y)
Excluding words changed by the lot-cloth split: alcoholA2, atollA2, gnocchiA2,[nb 126] parasolA2
A2 leprechaun[109]
asphalt, mall
or [9][110] A2 falcon
Aesculapius, Aeschylus, (a)esthete/-ticB2,[111] an(a)esthetist/-ize, amenityB2,[112] breveA2, D(a)edalus, (d)evolutionB2, eco-A2, ecumenicalB2, epochalB2,[113] esotericB2,[114] h(a)emo-A2, Hephaestus, hygienicA2,[nb 127] KenyaB2, lever(age)A2, methaneB2, OedipusA2, (o)estrogenB2,[115] (o)estrusB2,[116] p(a)edophile, penalizeA2, Ph(a)edrus, predecessorA2, predilectionA2, pyrethrinA2, qu(a)estor, schizophreniaA2, Semite, systemic
crematoriumA2, cretin, depotA2, fetidB2, hedonism/-ist(ic), leisureA2, presentationA2, reconnoit(re/er)A2, zebraB2, zenith
gazeboA2, heinousB2, Mekong, quayA2, reparteeA2. Greek alphabet letters containing eta: beta, theta and zeta.
detourB2, HeleneA2
B2 Zimbabwe
commedia dell’arte, Haggai,[117] IsraelA2
ateB2, éminence grise, étui, mêléeA2,[9] Pécs, presa
again(st)B2, cortègeB2, machete, nonpareil[9]
A2 mayor
coloratura, comme il faut, hoverA2, Somme, Sorbonne. Also the strong forms of these function words: (every/some/no/any)bodyA2, from, of, was, whatA2
accomplice/-ishB2, colanderB2, conjureA2, constableB2, monetaryA2, -mongerA2
adios, Aeroflot, ayatollah, Barbados, baroqueB2,[118] BoccheriniA2, Bogotá,[nb 128] cognacA2, compost, doldrumsA2, dolo(u)r, groschen, grossoA2, homo-B2, Interpol, Lod, mocha, olfactoryA2, Pinocchio, pogrom, polkaB2, produce (noun)A2, professorialA2, prophy-(lactic/laxis), realpolitikA2, riposte, Rosh HashanahA2, sconeB2, shone, solsticeA2, Sonia,[119] TolstoyA2, trollB2, yogurtB2.[120] Also, in general, Greek-derived names of places, people, or ideas that end in «-os», for example, ErosA2, ethos,[nb 129] Helios, logos (singular)A2, mythos, pathos,[nb 130] etc.; although chaos follows the British norm in both countries.
Adonis, codicilB2,[121] codifyA2, goffer, ogleA2, processA2(noun), projectB2(noun)
dynasty, hibiscus, housewifery,[113] idyll, italicA2, pipette, privacyB2,[122] simultaneousA2, sinecure, tinnitus, totalizator, tricolo(u)rB2,[123] trimester, Tyrolean, vitaminB2. See also —ine.
butylB2, condyle, cyclic(al)B2, doctrinal, finance/-ialAB2, forsythia, —isation/-izationA2, kinesis/-ticB2, Minotaur, primer (schoolbook),A2 Pythagoras,A2 respite,[nb 131] subsidence/-ent, synapseB2,[nb 132] umbilicalB2. See also —ine.[9]
Isaiah
(n)eitherAB2,[nb 133] Pleiades, via. See also —ine.
albino, geyser, migraineB2, oblique (verb),[nb 134] reprise. See also —ine.
B2 symbiosis/-tic
A2 In the prefixes anti-, multi— and semi— in loose compounds (e.g. in anti-establishment, but not in antidote).
beenB2,[124] cliqueA2, creekA2, invalid (noun)B2, prima
aphrodisiac, Biarritz, bulimia, memorabilia, pi(t)taB2, prestigiousA2, tricot
enclave, envoi/-voy
A2 catch, femme fatale, pall-mall[nb 135][9]
A2 nous
kümmel
Buddha, cuckoo, Düsseldorf, Gutiérrez, guru, Ljubljana, Mussolini, Tuzla
boogie-woogie, boulevard,[125] hoofA2, roofAB2, rootA2, snooker, woofA2 (weaving)
ferrule, fortune
A2 courier
or B2 brusque
surplus
B2 cumin
[nb 136][126] A2 (re)route(r)
broochA2, provenB2
cantaloup(e), hecatomb
plover
A2 Moscow
A2 Madagascar
Berkeley, Berkshire, Cherwell, clerk, derby, Hertford(shire). (The only AmE word with ⟨er⟩ = is sergeant.)
A2 err
B2 Ernst
A2 deterrent
ampereA2
A2 inherent
A2 coherent, era, hysteria
Irkutsk
chirrupA2, squirrel, stirrupA2, syrupA2
A2 whorl
acornA2,[127] record (noun), the weak form of or (occasional in RP)
Eleanor, metaphorB2, Westmor(e)land
Amazon, anacoluthon, automatonA2, Avon, capon, crampon, crayonA2, Lebanon, lexicon, marathon, (m)ascot, melancholy,[128] myrmidon, OregonA2, pantechnicon, paragon, Parthenon, phenomenon, pylon, python, Rubicon, saffronA2, siliconA2, wainscot. Also any geometric shapes ending in «-agon»; for example, hexagon, octagon, pentagon, polygon, etc.
AesopA2, Amos, condom, despot, EnochA2, ingot, mosquito, sombrero, Winthrop
röntgen, Stendhal
accent (noun), nonsense
, congress, Kentucky, parallelepiped[129]
B2 Manchester, Winchester
Ceylon
Some of the words affected by the weak vowel merger: carpet, Martin, rabbit, etc. The merger also creates weak forms of words such as in and it which are non-RP.
B2 A2 Some of the words affected by the weak vowel merger: impetigo, orange, Semitic, etc. See also effects of the weak vowel merger.
baboonA2, bassoonA2, CapriA2, fastidiousAB2, nasturtiumA2, papooseA2, platoonA2, raccoon, saucepan, taboo, tattoo, toucan, trapeze
DraconianA2, hurricaneB2, legislature, satanic. Also, longer words ending in —ative.
entrailsA2, magistrateA2, portrait, template[130]
A2 foyer
Göttingen, Koestler
föhn, Göthe
Montreux, Schönberg
or bleu, œuvre, pas de deux
Bofors, Mauritius
anchovy, borough, thorough, varicose, volitionA2. Also place names that end in «-burgh«, such as EdinburghA2 and surnames ending in -stone, e.g. Johnstone (see also —ory and -mony). Words prefixed with an unstressed «pro-«A2, with the exceptions of process, progress and project (verb), commonly use either pronunciation in American English; for example, probation, procedure, prohibit, proliferate, prolific, Prometheus, prophetic, propinquity, prorogation, protest (verb), protract, protrude, protuberance/-ant, and Provence.
Excluding words altered by the yod-dropping phenomenon: barracuda, culotte, pumaA2
couponA2, fuchsine, HoustonB2
conduitA2, iguanaB2,[131] unguent
A2 figure
eruditeA2,[132] purulent, virulenceB2
duress, Kuwait, résuA2[133]
B2 Excluding words altered by the yod-dropping phenomenon: Honduras
[nb 137] nougat
A2 Huguenot
A2 connoisseur, entrepreneur, masseur
A2 tournament
Betelgeuse, chanteuse, chartreuseA2, masseuse
berceuse
AussieA2, blouse (noun), blouson, complaisantA2, crescentB2, dextrose, diagnoseA2, erase, fuselageA2, glasnost, Manresa, mimosa, parse, ruseA2, talisman, treatise, valise, venisonB2, visaA2,[134] xylose
asthma, chromosomeA2, Zaragoza
piazzaA2, schnauzer, terrazzo
xi
luxury
AsiaB2, cashmere, PersiaB2, (as/dis)persionA2, (ex/in)cursionB2, (im/sub)mersion, (a/con/di/in/per/re)versionA2
erasure
Elgin
B2 sandwich,[135] spinach
Chou (en Lai)
A2 braggadocio
chassis
cassiaA2, CassiusA2, DionysiusA2,[136] hessian, Lucius, (ne/omni/pre)scient/-ence, Theodosius
B2 or issue, sexual,[nb 138] tissue
or , , or nausea,[137] transient[138]
, artesianB2, Elysian, FrisianB2, Frasier, glazier, grazier, hosieryB2, IndonesiaB2, MalaysiaB2, Parisian, PolynesiaB2, Rabelaisian, visualB2[139]
cordial[nb 139]
bastion,[140] besti(al/ary), celestial,[141] (Se)bastian[142]
consortiumA2,[143] otiose, ratiocinate, sentientB2[144]
B2[145] schedule
B2 A2 niche
bequeath, boothB2, loath(ful/ly/some)A2, smithyA2, withA2
B2 Anthony
A2 Excluding words changed by flapping (sometimes described as the /t–d/ merger): Taoism
conquistador, sequoia
B2 questionnaire
B2[nb 140] nephew
(sounded) (silent) Excluding words changed by nasal flapping: bona fideA2, chthonicB2,[113][147] coupé (vehicle), diaper, furore, herbA2,[148] KnossosB2,[149] phthisisB2, ricochetB2, salveA2,[150] solder,[nb 141] (un)toward(s)A2(prep.), B2, vaudeville
(silent) (sounded) Excluding words changed by non-rhoticity: geographyB2, Maupassant, medicineB2, miniature,A2 Nantes, Nehru, physiognomy, schismB2, Singhalese, suggestA2,[9] traitB2, Valenciennes, vehicleA2, Warwick(shire). See also —ary —ery —ory -bury, -berry.

Multiple differences[edit]

Spelling BrE IPA AmE IPA Notes
advertisement Older Americans may use the British pronunciation, and some British dialects use the American pronunciation.
agent provocateur (1) [verification needed]
(2) 
 
Ajaccio BrE approximates more to French [aʒaksjo]; AmE reflects the word’s Italian origin [aˈjattʃo].
Algarve (1) 
(2) 
The original Portuguese pronunciation is [alˈɣaɾvɨ].
Aloysius  
amateur (1) 
(2) 
(1) 
(2) 
 
appliqué (1) 
(2) 
 
atelier (1) 
(2) 
 
avoirdupois  
basalt (1) 
(2) 
 
Boccaccio The original Italian pronunciation is [bokˈkattʃo].
böhmite (1) 
(2) 
(1) 
(2) 
The first pronunciations approximate German [øː] (spelled ⟨ö⟩ or ⟨oe⟩); the second ones are anglicized.
bœuf (1) 
(2) 
(3) 
The original French pronunciation is [bœf].
bolognaise/bolognese BrE uses two spellings & pronounced . In AmE the word is usually spelled bolognese & pronounced .
bouquet (1) 
(2) 
(1) 
(2) 
 
boyar (1) 
(2) 
(1) 
(2) 
 
Buchenwald The original German pronunciation is [ˈbuːxn̩valt].
buoyA2 The British pronunciation occurs in America more commonly for the verb than the noun; still more in derivatives buoyant, buoyancy & lifebuoy.
Burkina Faso  
canton (1) 
(2) 
difference is only in military sense «to quarter soldiers»
other senses can have stress on either syllable in both countries.
caramelA2 (1) 
(2) 
 
carburettor/carburetor (1) 
(2) 
BrE is spelled carburettor & pronounced or . In AmE the word is usually spelled carburetor & pronounced .
cheong sam  
clientele  
cloisonné (1) 
(2) 
The original French pronunciation is [klwazɔne].
corral  
cosmosA2[151] (1) 
(2) 
 
dachshund (1) 
(2) 
(3) 
 
dal segno The original Italian pronunciation is [dal ˈseɲɲo].
Dante (1) 
(2) 
 
dilettante (1) 
(2) 
(1) 
(2) 
BrE reflects the word’s Italian origin; AmE approximates more to French.
divisiveA2  
Don Quixote Compare to Spanish [doŋ kiˈxote]
epochA2  
foreheadAB2  
fracas (1) 
(2) 
(3) 
The BrE plural is French fracas . For AmE examples (1) and (2), the plural is anglicized fracases
fusillade  
Galápagos  
glacier (1) 
(2) 
 
harem (1) 
(2) 
 
holocaustA2 (1) 
(2) 
 
impasse (1) 
(2) 
(1) 
(2) 
 
IranA2  
IraqA2  
jaguarB2  
jalousie (1) 
(2) 
 
junta The BrE pronunciation is anglicized; the AmE is closer to Spanish.
kudos  
Lanzarote  
lapsang souchong  
lieutenantB2 (1) 
(2) 
The 2nd British pronunciation is restricted to the Royal Navy. Standard Canadian and Australian pronunciation is the same as the British.
liqueur (1) 
(2) 
 
longitudeB2  
Los AngelesB2 (1) 
(2) 
 
Ludwig The original German pronunciation is [ˈluːtvɪç].
machismo (1) 
(2) 
(3) 
(1) 
(2) 
AmE reflects the word’s Spanish origin; BrE example (3) approximates more to Italian.
mama[152] (1) 
(2) 
 
methyl  
Meuse The original French pronunciation is [møz].
milieuA2 (1) 
(2) 
(1) 
(2) 
 
Möbius (1) 
(2) 
The original German pronunciation is [ˈmøːbi̯ʊs] and this is approximately reproduced in BrE.
Neuchâtel The original French pronunciation is [nøʃɑtɛl].
NicaraguaB2 (1) 
(2) 
 
oreganoB2 (1) 
(2) 
 
Otranto The original Italian pronunciation is [ˈɔːtranto].
pedagogyB2 (1) 
(2) 
 
penult (1) 
(2) 
 
phthisic[153] (1) 
(2) 
(1) 
(2) 
 
premature[154] (1) 
(2) 
(1) 
(2) 
 
premierA2 (1) 
(2) 
 
première (1) 
(2) 
 
premise (verb)  
progress (noun) 
(verb) 
(noun) 
(verb) 
In both British and American, the noun has stress on the first syllable.
The verb has stress on the second syllable. Canadians follow the British pronunciation.
ProvençalA2 (1) 
(2) 
(1) 
(2) 
 
provostA2[155]  
quasi- (1) 
(2) 
 
quinine (1) 
(2) 
 
Rawalpindi  
renegue/renege (1) 
(2) 
(1) 
(2) 
BrE uses two spellings & pronounced or . In AmE the word is usually spelled renege & pronounced or .
Richelieu (1) 
(2) 
The original French pronunciation is [ʁiʃ(ə)ljø].
Rioja[156]  
risotto (1) 
(2) 
(3) 
 
Roquefort The original French pronunciation is [ʁɔkfɔʁ].
Salzburg The original German pronunciation is [ˈzaltsbʊʁk].
Santander (1) 
(2) 
 
Schleswig-Holstein  
Silesia (1) 
(2) 
(1) 
(2) 
 
slough sense «bog»; in metaphorical sense «gloom», the BrE pronunciation is common in AmE. Homograph «cast off skin» is everywhere.
StavangerA2 (1) 
(2) 
(1) 
(2) 
The original Norwegian pronunciation is [stɑˈvɑ̀ŋːər]. The BrE pronunciation is common and also occurs in AmE.
Strasbourg The two original pronunciations are: French [stʁasbuʁ] & German [ˈʃtʁaːsbʊʁk].
Taranto (1) 
(2) 
The original Italian pronunciation is [ˈtaːranto].
tourniquet (1) 
(2) 
 
Trondheim The Urban East Norwegian pronunciation of this word is [ˈtrɔ̂nː(h)æɪm].
Tunisia  
turquoiseA2 (1) 
(2) 
 
Van Gogh (1) 
(2) 
The original Dutch pronunciation is [vɑŋˈɣɔx].
vaseA2[nb 142][157][158] (1) 
(2) 
 
Z (the letter) The spelling of this letter as a word corresponds to the pronunciation: thus Commonwealth (including, Canada) zed and U.S. zee.

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ BrE (now rare) or more commonly , AmE
  2. ^ The last vowel is often reduced in BrE. AmE only reduces the middle one.
  3. ^ BrE , AmE
  4. ^ The British is typically and the American or even
  5. ^ BrE , AmE
  6. ^ For «dam (barrier)»: AmE
  7. ^ BrE , AmE
  8. ^ BrE , AmE
  9. ^ BrE (1) (2) AmE
  10. ^ BrE (1) (2)
  11. ^ BrE (1) (2) AmE corset
  12. ^ BrE AmE
  13. ^ BrE (1) (2)
  14. ^ BrE (1) (2) AmE coin
  15. ^ BrE (1) (2) AmE
  16. ^ BrE
  17. ^ BrE also , esp. for «petrol garage»/»gas station»[7]
  18. ^ BrE , AmE
  19. ^ BrE , AmE
  20. ^ AmE
  21. ^ BrE , AmE
  22. ^ BrE , AmE lodging
  23. ^ BrE AmE (1) (2)
  24. ^ BrE AmE (1) (2)
  25. ^ , , French: [aʁɡɑ̃]
  26. ^ , , French: [aviɲɔ̃]
  27. ^ , , French: [bovwaʁ]
  28. ^ , , French: [bizɛ]
  29. ^ , , French: [bleʁjo]
  30. ^ , , French: [bulɛz]
  31. ^ , , French: [kalɛ]
  32. ^ , , French: [kɑ̃bʁɛ]
  33. ^ , , French: [kaʁtje]
  34. ^ , , French: [ʃabli]
  35. ^ , , French: [ʃamɔni]
  36. ^ , , French: [ʃabʁie]
  37. ^ , , French: [ʃaʁdɔnɛ]
  38. ^ , , French: [ʃiʁak]
  39. ^ , , French: [ʃɔpɛ̃]
  40. ^ BrE (1) (2) AmE (1) (2) French: [sitʁɔɛn]
  41. ^ , , French: [kɔkto]
  42. ^ , , French: [dakaʁ]
  43. ^ , , French: [dofɛ̃]
  44. ^ , , French: [dofin]
  45. ^ , , French: [dəɡɑ]
  46. ^ , , French: [dəpaʁdjø]
  47. ^ , , French: [diʒɔ̃]
  48. ^ , , French: [dyma]
  49. ^ , , French: [flobɛʁ]
  50. ^ , , French: [fuko]
  51. ^ , , French: [fʁɑ̃ɡlɛ]
  52. ^ , , French: [ʒeʁaʁ]
  53. ^ , , French: [ɡɔdaʁ]
  54. ^ , , French: [lasko]
  55. ^ , , French: [ljɔ̃]
  56. ^ , , French: [malaʁme]
  57. ^ , , French: [manɛ]
  58. ^ , , French: [maʁa]
  59. ^ , , French: [masnɛ]
  60. ^ French: [mɔʁis, moʁis]
  61. ^ ,
  62. ^ , , French: [mɔljɛʁ]
  63. ^ , , French: [mɔnɛ]
  64. ^ , , French: [pɛʁpiɲɑ̃]
  65. ^ , , French: [pɛʁo]
  66. ^ , , French: [pɛʁje]
  67. ^ , , French: [pøʒo]
  68. ^ , , French: [pjaf]
  69. ^ , , French: [pwaʁo]
  70. ^ , , French: [pwatje]
  71. ^ , , French: [pusɛ̃]
  72. ^ , , French: [ʁablɛ]
  73. ^ , , French: [ʁəno]
  74. ^ , , French: [ʁɛ̃bo]
  75. ^ , , French: [ʁɔdæ̃]
  76. ^ ,
  77. ^ , , French: [ʁwɑ̃]
  78. ^ , , French: [ʁuso]
  79. ^ , , French: [ʁusijɔ̃]
  80. ^ , , French: [sati]
  81. ^ , , French: [sœʁa]
  82. ^ ,
  83. ^ , , French: [ti’so]
  84. ^ French: [tʁyfo]
  85. ^ , , French: [valwa]
  86. ^ , , French: [vuvʁɛ]
  87. ^ , , French: [vato]
  88. ^ BrE , AmE
  89. ^ AmE
  90. ^ BrE , AmE
  91. ^ BrE , AmE
  92. ^ BrE , AmE
  93. ^ BrE , AmE
  94. ^ Only middle vowel reduced in the BrE pronunciations.
  95. ^ BrE , AmE Due to history with France, the country pronunciation in BrE is French [niʒɛʁ]. The country pronunciation in AmE is anglicized. Regardless of region, the river is pronounced .
  96. ^ stress more usually on third syllable in British English
  97. ^ BrE
  98. ^ Also
  99. ^ BrE , AmE
  100. ^ BrE , AmE
  101. ^ BrE , AmE
  102. ^ BrE
  103. ^ BrE (rare)
  104. ^ BrE , AmE
  105. ^ AmE
  106. ^ AmE (rare)
  107. ^ BrE , AmE
  108. ^ AmE
  109. ^ AmE
  110. ^ Britain follows the first-syllable American norm when «princess» is used as an honorific, directly prefixing someone’s name.
  111. ^ BrE
  112. ^ BrE
  113. ^ BrE
  114. ^ BrE , AmE
  115. ^ AmE also
  116. ^ AmE also
  117. ^ AmE also
  118. ^ AmE also possibly
  119. ^ The 2007 update to the Oxford English Dictionary gives only for the British pronunciation of pristine.
  120. ^ Although the British pronunciation is still heard in American English, it may be in declining usage, being increasingly seen as incorrect, particularly among Nevadans and other Western Americans.
  121. ^ BrE also
  122. ^ AmE also
  123. ^ AmE also
  124. ^ AmE also
  125. ^ BrE also Scottish English
  126. ^ AmE also
  127. ^ AmE also
  128. ^ AmE also
  129. ^ AmE, either or
  130. ^ AmE, either or
  131. ^ AmE also
  132. ^ BrE also
  133. ^ This word is listed due to possible statistical preferences.
  134. ^ AmE is as BrE except in military sense «advance at an angle»
  135. ^ AmE also
  136. ^ In BrE, the pronunciation is a different word, spelt rout, meaning to defeat.
  137. ^ BrE also
  138. ^ Actually the bolded here represents versus
  139. ^ Cordiality in AmE is and in BrE is
  140. ^ The old English pronunciation with /v/ has to a large extent been replaced by /f/ due to the spelling latinization of Middle English «neveu». The preference breakdown in BrE is /f/ 79%, /v/ 21%.)[146]
  141. ^ Solder in AmE is and in BrE is either or .
  142. ^ British variant used sometimes in American English

References[edit]

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  5. ^ «canard». Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries.
  6. ^ «filet (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012.
  7. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition
  8. ^ «protege (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on July 15, 2012.
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  10. ^ «sorbet (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on June 14, 2013.
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  17. ^ «Calais (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on February 26, 2019.
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  29. ^ «Dauphine (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries.
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  31. ^ «Depardieu (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019.
  32. ^ «Dijon (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on July 15, 2012.
  33. ^ «Dumas (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on July 18, 2012.
  34. ^ «Flaubert (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019.
  35. ^ «Foucault (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries.
  36. ^ «Gerard (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019.
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  38. ^ «Lascaux (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries.
  39. ^ «Lyons (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on July 8, 2017.
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  42. ^ «Marat (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries.
  43. ^ «Maurice (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on April 16, 2019.
  44. ^ «Millais (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries.[dead link]
  45. ^ «Molière (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on March 28, 2016.
  46. ^ «Monet (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries.[dead link]
  47. ^ «Perpignan (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012.
  48. ^ «Perrault (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries.
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  51. ^ «Poitiers (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on April 29, 2013.
  52. ^ «Poussin (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries.[dead link]
  53. ^ «Rabelais (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019.
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  55. ^ «Rimbaud (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries.[dead link]
  56. ^ «Rodin (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries.
  57. ^ «Roget (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019.
  58. ^ «Rouen (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries.[dead link]
  59. ^ «Rousseau (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on January 11, 2019.
  60. ^ «Roussillon(BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on October 9, 2017.
  61. ^ «Satie (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries.[dead link]
  62. ^ «Seurat (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries.[dead link]
  63. ^ «Thoreau (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019.
  64. ^ «Truffaut (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries.
  65. ^ «Valois (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries.[dead link]
  66. ^ «Vouvray (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012.
  67. ^ «Watteau (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on February 20, 2019.
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  69. ^ «cremate (AmE)». Merriam-Webster.
  70. ^ «striate (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on July 11, 2012.
  71. ^ «vacate (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on July 6, 2012.
  72. ^ «migratory». Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries.
  73. ^ «vibratory». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on July 19, 2012.
  74. ^ «remonstrate (AmE)». Merriam-Webster.
  75. ^ «tergiversate». Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries.«tergiversate (AmE)». Merriam-Webster.
  76. ^ «celebratory». Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries.
  77. ^ «compensatory (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on July 25, 2012.
  78. ^ «participatory». Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries.
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  80. ^ «laboratory». Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries.«laboratory (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries.
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  82. ^ «guffaw (AmE)». Merriam-Webster.
  83. ^ «spreadeagled (BrE)». Cambridge Dictionaries.
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  88. ^ «testimony». Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries.
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  92. ^ «rosemary». Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries.
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  98. ^ «utile (BrE)». Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on December 19, 2012.
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  156. ^ «Rioja (main AmE, Collins BrE)». Dictionary.com.
  157. ^ «vase (main AmE, Collins BrE)». Dictionary.com.
  158. ^ «vase (AmE)». Merriam-Webster.

Further reading[edit]

  • Celce-Murcia, M., Brinton, D. M., & Goodwin, J. M. (2010). Teaching pronunciation: A reference and course text (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Kenyon, J.S.; T. Knott (1953). A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English. Merriam-Webster. ISBN 978-0-87779-047-1.
  • Lewis, J. Windsor (1972). A Concise Pronouncing Dictionary of British and American English. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-431123 6.
  • Jones, Daniel (2011). P. Roach; J. Esling; J. Setter (eds.). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15255-6.
  • Upton, C.; Kretschmar, W.; Konopka, R. (2001). The Oxford Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-863156-1.
  • Wells, John C. (2000). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. 2nd ed. Longman. ISBN 0-582-36468-X.
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American vs British Pronunciation

American vs British Pronunciation



https://media.pronunciationstudio.com/2018/05/american-british-pronunciation-introduction-1.mp3

English learners worldwide often  follow either a British or American pronunciation model in their lessons. Today, we’ll be looking at the key differences between them. 

British audio in this article is in black type, American is in blue, italic text is firstly in British, then in American. And please note that we are talking about standard accents – General British (GB) and General American (GA), there is, of course, huge variety on both sides of the pond.


Silent r

The most obvious difference between standard American (GA) and standard British (GB) is the omission of ‘r’ in GB: you only pronounce a written < r > if there is a vowel sound after it, so we don’t say it in PARK /pɑːk/, HORSE /hɔːs/ or FURTHER /ˈfɜːðə/. In American, though, we pronounce every written /r/ so /pɑrk/, /hɔrs/ & /ˈfɜrðər/.

“Roast dinner will be pork, carrots and turnips.”


Vowel Sounds

https://media.pronunciationstudio.com/2018/05/american-british-vowel-pronunciation.mp3

Many of the 20 vowel sounds are very similar in American and British pronunciation, however, there are 8 sounds that significantly change:

/ɒ/ to /ɑ/

In British (GB) we use back rounded open sound /ɒ/ for words like SHOP /ʃɒp/, LOST /lɒst/ and WANT /wɒnt/. In American (GA) we don’t round the lips, so it’s: /ʃɑp/, /lɑst/ & /wɑnt/. 

“John wants a stop watch.”

/a/ to /ɛ/

The pronunciation and usage of /a/ is fairly similar in American and British; words like CAT and MAD are very similar. There is a group of words, however, containing the spelling ARR, which change from /a/ to /ɛ/ in American. CARRY /kari/ is /kɛri/ EMBARRASS /ɪmˈbarɪs/ is /ɪmˈbɛrəs/ and HARRY /ˈhari/ is /ˈhɛri/, giving the name the same pronunciation as HAIRY in American . MARRY, MERRY and MARY would all be the same too in American English, but different in British: /ˈmari/, /ˈmɛri/ & /ˈmɛːri/

“I’ll carry your bags, Harry.”

/əː/ to  /ɜr/

The British thinking sound /əː/, found in words like HEARD /həːd/, FIRST /fəːst/ and WORST /wəːst/, is pronounced differently – with the tongue raised and a /r/ quality in American, /hərd/, /fərst/ & /wərst/. This sound nearly always has an ‘r’ in its spelling, but even when it doesn’t, American speakers say one, like in the word COLONEL /ˈkərnəl/, which is /ˈkəːnəl/ in British English.

“The early bird murders the worm.”

/ɔː/ to /ɔr/ & /ɑ/

Long back rounded /ɔː/ as in SWORD /sɔːd/, FORCE /fɔːs/, THOUGHT /θɔːt/ & LAW /lɔː/ is pronounced in 2 ways in American. /ɔr/ for words with ‘r’ so SWORD /sɔrd/ & FORCE /fɔrs/, and /ɑ/ for words without /r/ so THOUGHT /θɑt/ & LAW /lɑ/. This means that for many American speakers, COT /kɑt/and CAUGHT /kɑt/ are the same, though COURT /kɔrt/ would be different. In British English CAUGHT /kɔːt/ and COURT would be the same, COT /kɒt/ would be different.

“I caught four walkers talking Norse.”

/ɑː/ to /ɑr/ & /a/

Long back unrounded /ɑː/ like in CAR /kɑː/, START /stɑːt/, AFTER /ɑːftə/ & HALF /hɑːf/ is pronounced /ɑr/ in American if there’s an ‘r’ in the spelling so CAR /kɑr/ & START /stɑrt/. Most of those words that don’t have an ‘r’ in GB  are pronounced /a/ in American so AFTER /ˈaftər/ & HALF /haf/.

“Pass these parts to master Carter.”

/ɛː/ to /ɛr/

The long vowel /ɛː/ in HAIR /hɛː/, BEAR /bɛː/ & WHERE /wɛː/ is always spelt with an ‘r’ so it’s pronounced /ɛr/ in American English HAIR /hɛr/, BEAR /bɛr/, WHERE /wɛr/. This makes FAIRY /ˈfɛri/ and FERRY the same in American, but different in British /ˈfɛːri/ & /ˈfɛri/.

“The spare chair is there, by the stairs.”

/ɪə/ to /ɪr/

British English /ɪə/ in words like STEER /stɪə/, CLEAR /klɪə/ & CHEER /tʃɪə/ is pronounced /ɪr/ in American so /stɪr/, /klɪr/ & /tʃɪr/.

“I fear the deer’s near here.”

/əʊ/ to /oʊ/

In standard GB English the diphthong /əʊ/ starts in the centre of the mouth GO, NO & SHOW, whereas in American it starts to the back /oʊ/: GO /goʊ/, NO /noʊ/, SHOW /ʃoʊ/. There is great variance on both sides of the Atlantic for this sound.

“Don’t throw stones over the road.”

/ː/ Vowel Length

There is a greater difference in British English between the length of vowel sounds, with some being pronounced significantly longer than their American counterparts. Some of this is owing to the additional pronunciation of ‘r’ in many American vowel sounds as seen above. Most phonemic charts reflect this by showing five or six English vowel sounds with two triangular dots, whereas most charts do not offer this for American.

heard  /həːd/ /hərd/
bar  /bɑː/  /bɑr/
caught  /kɔːt/ /kɑt/
need   /niːd/  /nid/
shoe  /ʃuː/  /ʃu/


Consonant Sounds

https://media.pronunciationstudio.com/2018/05/american-british-consonant-sounds.mp3

Consonant are similar in British and American pronunciation, but you will hear the following variations:

/t/

When /t/ appears after a stressed vowel and before a weak vowel, American speakers often make a voiced flap – a bit like a very fast /d/: WATER, FIGHTER, GOT IT. In Standard British this would be pronounced as a normal /t/ WATER, FIGHTER, GOT IT, though in regional British accents, most famously cockney, this would be a glottal stop: WATER, FIGHTER, GOT IT.

“My daughter bought a motorbike.”

/r/

Apart from the higher number of /r/ sounds in American English, there is also a small but significant difference in the way they are pronounced. In American, the tongue curls back further, giving it a slightly muffled quality – RIGHT, ARROW. Whereas in British the tongue is flatter and further forward RIGHT, ARROW.

“These red roses are for Rachel.”

Yod (/j/) Dropping

In British English where /j/ appears after /t, d, n, l, s, z/ (the alveolar consonants) it is omitted in American: /t/ TUNE /tjuːn, tun/, /d/ DUTY /ˈdjuːti, ˈduti/, /n/ NEW /njuː, nu/, /l/ LEWD /ljuːd, lud/, /s/ SUIT /sjuːt, sut/ /z/ EXUDE /ɪgˈzjuːd, ɪgˈzud/. This is often referred to as ‘yod dropping’.

“On Tuesday, tune into the news.”


Stress & Intonation

https://media.pronunciationstudio.com/2018/05/american-british-pronunciation-stress-intonation.mp3

Word Stress

Some words are stressed differently in American English, particularly those of French origin where American keeps the last syllable stress and British goes for first syllable (audio is British then American): GARAGE, GOURMET, BALLET, BROCHURE, though this is reversed in the words ADDRESS and MOUSTACHE.

“Here’s the address of the garage.”

Intonation

The melody of British and American is quite different, though the structure of speech is very similar. The most obvious difference is the British tendency to use high falling intonation, hitting the main stress high and dropping down. Whereas in American rising tones are more common, so you go up from the main stress. This use of rising intonation on statements is sometimes referred to as ‘Upspeak’.

“I don’t really know what to do about it.”


This article was updated on 15th October 2021. 

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Have you noticed that Americans and Brits pronounce words quite differently?

You might be able to hear that some vowel sounds are completely different. After all, vowel sounds do vary quite a lot between regional dialects.

And you might notice different consonants, especially when we’re talking about the American “r” versus the British pronunciation of “r,” or the American flap “t” versus the British clear pronunciation of the “t” sound.

But as far as I’m concerned, the most noticeable difference between the two accents has to do with the way certain words are stressed, and that’s what we’re going to focus on.

You’ll learn 30 words that are stressed differently in American and British English.


Word Stress in British and American English

When trying to identify differences between the American and British pronunciations of certain words, pay attention to the placement of the primary stressed syllable.

Remember, when we stress a word, we make one syllable longer, louder and higher in pitch. This also makes the vowel sound in this word extremely clear and easy to hear.

If you stress the wrong syllable, the word will sound off and be a little hard to understand, even if you pronounce the rest of the word correctly.

This means if you’re stressing a word the British way, it may confuse an American who’s not that familiar with British English.

Believe me, I understand how frustrating it can be to have to choose an accent when you’re trying to learn a language, but you want to make sure you focus on the pronunciation and the stress that is most related to your life.

In the video, I share both the American and British stress patterns.

But as you’ll notice, I don’t really pronounce the words the way a native speaker of British English would say them!

The other thing I want to point out is that many of these words have roots in French. They’re what we call loanwords from French.

The British version of these words is pronounced the way it would be according to English spelling.

The American version is a pronunciation that sounds more French, even though it is still Anglicised, or converted into American English pronunciation.

I know my French friends will probably be cringing at the way we pronounce these words, but that’s how it is. ?

So let’s get started!


  1. address
  2. adult
  3. advertisement
  4. ballet
  5. brochure
  6. buffet
  7. caffeine
  8. café
  9. chauffeur
  10. cliché
  11. debris
  12. debut
  13. décor
  14. detail
  15. donate
  16. fiancé(e)
  17. garage
  18. gourmet
  19. ice cream
  20. magazine
  21. matinee
  22. migrate
  23. montage
  24. nonchalant
  25. premature
  26. princess
  27. rotate
  28. sachet
  29. salon
  30. vaccine
  31. weekend (oops… I guess there were 31 words!)

1. address

The first word we’re going to look at today is the word “address.”

In British English, the word would be pronounced AD-dress, with stress on the second syllable: ad-DRESS, ad-DRESS.

In American English, the word will be pronounced AD-dress, AD-dress, with stress on the first syllable.

I have to point out that you will hear Americans as well as Brits use both pronunciations of this word, but it’s more common in British English to say AD-dress and it’s more common in American English to say ad-DRESS.

In the US, the stress on the word will change depending on whether it’s a noun or a verb.

If we’re talking about someone’s address on an envelope (noun), we’re going to stress the first syllable.

If we are going to take the action to address an envelope (verb), we’re going to stress the second syllable.

However, it is more common that you’ll hear Americans say ad-DRESS.


2. adult

Next, let’s talk about the word “adult.” In British English, this word is pronounced a-DULT.

In American English, this word is generally pronounced A-dult, A-dult.

However, like the previous example, you will hear people use both pronunciations of that word.

(In fact, I tend to use a-DULT more than A-dult!)

The reason I mix the pronunciations of “adult” and “adult” may have to do with the fact that I’m from the New England/Boston area, and we have closer ties to the Brits. That’s just a possible explanation!

So once again, the American version of this word is A-dult, A-dult.


3. advertisement

Next, let’s look at a word that is so different in American English and British English. I’m talking about the word “advertisement.”

In British English, this word would be pronounced ad-VER-tise-ment, ad-VER-tise-ment.

In American English, we pronounce it AD-ver-tise-ment, AD-ver-tise-ment.

(Please note that you may also hear Americans pronounce it ad-ver-TISE-ment, ad-ver-TISE-ment, with secondary stress on the first syllable.)

As you can hear, the stress in the American version is on the first syllable. In the British version, the stress is on the second syllable, and it really changes the way the word sounds.

Like I said at the beginning, when we change the stress of a word, it can really change the way the vowel sound is understood.

That’s why word stress really brings out those differences between the pronunciation of vowels in British and American English.


4. ballet

Next, let’s look at a word that we’ve taken from French: ballet.

In British English, the word would be pronounced BAL-let, BAL-let, with stress on the first syllable.

Americans would pronounce the word bal-LET, bal-LET. Like I said earlier, we make the words sound a little more French by stressing it on the second syllable: ballet, ballet.

Obviously it’s still an American version of a French word, but it’s pronounced a little closer to the French than the British version.


5. brochure

Here’s another example: brochure.

In British English, this word would be pronounced BRO-chure, BRO-chure.

In American English, the word would be pronounced bro-CHURE, bro-ChURE. As you can hear, once again the stress is on the second syllable.


6. buffet

Here’s another French inspired word: buffet.

In British English, the word would be pronounced BUF-fet, BUF-fet, with stress on the first syllable.

In American English, the word would be stressed on the second syllable: buf-FET, buf-FET.

Can you hear the difference between the stress patterns on these words?


7. caffeine

Next, let’s look at the word “caffeine,” everybody’s favorite if you like drinking tea or coffee!

In British English, the word would be stressed on the first syllable: CAF-feine, CAF-feine.

In American English, the word is stressed on the second syllable: caf-FEINE, caf-FEINE.

You can clearly hear the difference between the two pronunciations!

That’s a word that really confuses me when I hear it pronounced in the British English version. I’m so used to hearing people talk about needing caffeine!


8. café

Similarly, let’s talk about the word “café.”

In British English, the word is stressed on the first syllable: CA-fé, CA-fé.

In American English, the word is stressed on the second syllable: ca-FÉ, ca-FÉ.

You can remember the American English version because we usually include a little accent mark on the “e”: café.

Pay attention to this stress pattern on words coming from French.

This will help you remember to stress these words correctly when you’re speaking American English.


9. chauffeur

Next, let’s look at the word “chauffeur.”

In British English, the word is said CHAUF-feur, CHAUF-feur.

In American English, the word is pronounced chauf-FEUR, chauf-FEUR.

As you can see, we’re shifting the stress to the end of the word: chauf-FEUR. Big difference, right?


10. cliché

Let’s move on to “cliché,” which is obviously another loanword that we’ve taken from French!

The British pronounce it CLI-ché, CLI-ché. Americans pronounce it cli-CHÉ, cli-CHÉ.

Once again, you can use the accent mark at the end of the word in order to remind you where the stress should be.


11. debris

Next, let’s talk about a word that I find really confusing with the British English pronunciation: debris.

In British English, this word would be pronounced DE-bris, DE-bris.

When I first heard this word, I didn’t really understand what it meant in British English, because we pronounce it de-BRIS, de-BRIS

As you can hear, it’s completely different, because we use the schwa in the American version, and the British pronounce the “de” really clearly, so that it sounds like the word “day.”

Once again, the American version is de-BRIS. We’re stressing the word on the second syllable.


12. debut

Now we can look at the word , debut. In British English, the word would be stressed on the first syllable: DE-but, DE-but.

In American English, the stress would be on the second syllable: de-BUT, de-BUT.

Once again, this is another loanword from French and you can hear Americans stress that second syllable.

Listening for this stress pattern will help you recognize and pronounce words that appear to have similar roots.


13. decor

Moving on, let’s talk about decor, décor.

In British English, the word would be pronounced DE-cor, DE-cor.

In American English, the word is pronounced de-COR, de-COR.

You’ll sometimes hear some Americans who know that it comes from French say “décor,” with a clear vowel sound on the unstressed syllable, but they’ll still stress that second syllable.

However, I usually reduce the “de” to a schwa sound: de-COR.


14. detail

Moving on, let’s look at the word “detail.”

In British English, they tend to pronounce it DE-tail, DE-tail. In American English, we tend to pronounce itde-TAIL, de-TAIL.

However, like other words in these examples, you will hear both pronunciations.

I tend to use “DE-tail,” and that may have to do, like I said, with the fact that I’m from New England, and we have closer ties to our British friends.

Similarly, you may hear the same person use a different pronunciation depending on whether the part of speech is a noun or verb.


15. donate

Next, let’s look at the word “donate.”

In British English, the word would be pronounced do-NATE, do-NATE. In American English, we pronounce the word DO-nate, DO-nate.

In this case, the stress is on the first syllable: DO-nate.

Want to make sure you’re easily understood when speaking American English? Master word and sentence stress and reduce your accent with the Stress Simplified program. You’ll learn the essentials of a more natural-sounding accent and practice stress patterns with a month-long bootcamp!


16. fiancé(e)

Next, let’s talk about the word fiancé, or fiancée.

In British English, they tend to stress the second syllable and pronounce it with a much better French accent: fi-AN-cé(e), fi-AN-cé(e).

In American English, we tend to stress the last syllable: fi-an-CÉ, fi-an-CÉE.

I have to say I tend to pronounce it with stress on the second syllable: fi-AN-cé. Once again, that may have to do with my New England background!

You will find that there are different regional pronunciations of words, and that people have strong opinions about their preferred pronunciation!

Learn in my video on 10 Words I Have Trouble Pronouncing in English.


17. garage

Up next is a word that is very hard for me to pronounce in British English because it’s very different than the American version: the word “garage.”

The British stress this word on the first syllable, and they tend to really emphasize the difference in sound: GA-rage, GA-rage.

In American English, we say ga-RAGE, ga-RAGE.

And if you hear an actual Brit pronounce the word, you’ll probably notice a BI difference between how Americans pronounce the “r” and how British pronounce the “r.”

That one’s really hard for me to understand when I hear a Brit say it.

A similar example is the word “massage,” which I don’t mention in the video, but whose British pronunciation sounds really strange to American ears!


18. gourmet

Moving on, let’s talk about some food: gourmet.

In British English, the word will be stressed on the first syllable: GOUR-met, GOUR-met. In American English, the word will be stressed on the second syllable: gour-MET, gour-MET.

Once again, this is a loanword from French, and you can hear that Americans stress that second syllable at the end of the word: gour-MET.


19. ice cream

When I learned this next difference, it was really surprising to me, because it’s one of my favorite things to eat in the summer: ice cream.

In British English, they stress the word “cream”: ice CREAM, ice CREAM. In American English, we stress the first syllable: ICE cream, ICE cream.

This difference is really interesting to me because compound nouns have such a predictable stress pattern in English, where we usually stress that first syllable: ICE cream.


20. magazine

Next, let’s talk about the word “magazine.”

In British English, the word would be stressed on the last syllable: ma-ga-ZINE, ma-ga-ZINE.

In American English, the word will be stressed on the first syllable: MA-ga-zine, MA-ga-zine.

However, because of the influence from British English, you will also hear people stress it on the last syllable.

I think we tend to shift the stress based on the way the word is used in the sentence, and the words that appear around it.

If you listen carefully, you’ll probably hear Americans use both pronunciations, but in American English it’s generally pronounced MA-ga-zine, with stress on that first syllable.


21. matinee

Next up: matinee. In this word, you’re going to hear a big difference between the British and American pronunciation, because I tend to change that “t” into a glottal “t”: matinee.

In British English, it would be MA-ti-nee, MA-ti-nee, and they would pronounce that “t” sound much better than I do as an American.

In American English, the word will be ma-ti-NEE, ma-ti-NEE, with a glottal “t.”

If you’re in California, or a region where you pronounce the “t” more clearly, you’ll hear people pronounce the “t” sound, but I would drop it. You can definitely hear my regional accent in that word!


22. migrate

Next, let’s talk about the word “migrate.”

In British English, the word would be stressed on the second syllable: mi-GRATE, mi-GRATE.

In American English, the word is stressed on the first syllable: MI-grate, MI-grate.

It’s so interesting how there are some words that are stressed on the first syllable in British English, and then they switch to the second syllable in American English, and other words are stressed on the second syllable in British English, and they switch to the first syllable in American English.

I’m not really sure why, but it’s quite interesting to consider.


23. montage

Next we have the word “montage.”

In British English, this word tends to be stressed on the first syllable: MON-tage, MON-tage.

In American English, we tend to stress it on the second syllable: mon-TAGE, mon-TAGE.

That said, you’ll hear Americans pronounce it both ways. Once again, the variation in pronunciation has to do with whether we’re using the noun or verb version of the word.

If it’s being used as a noun, a lot of Americans would say MON-tage, but we say the verb version as monTAGE.

Language is fun, isn’t it?


24. nonchalant

Next, we have a word that Americans definitely try to pronounce the French way: nonchalant.

In British English, it would be stressed on the first syllable: NON-cha-lant, NON-cha-lant.

In American English, we would pronounce it on the last syllable: non-cha-LANT, non-cha-LANT.

You can probably hear that this gives us a little bit of an affectation. We’re trying to sound a little more French.

And it really makes me wonder if it has to do with the French support of Americans in the earliest history of our nation!


25. premature

Another word we’re going to look at is “premature.”

In British English, the word would be stressed on the first syllable: PRE-mature, PRE-mature.

In American English, the word would be stressed on the third syllable: pre-ma-TURE, pre-ma-TURE.


26. princess

Here’s another word that sounds really funny to me when I hear it pronounced the British way, and of course given the news recently, we hear it pronounced the British way quite a lot: princess.

The British pronounce the word prin-CESS, prin-CESS.

I first heard this version in a movie called Ever After, and I was really surprised because that’s not the way I grew up hearing the word!

In American English, the word would be pronounced PRIN-cess, PRIN-cess.

The British stress the second syllable. Isn’t that interesting?


27. rotate

Next we have the word “rotate.” This one really surprised me when I heard there’s a British version.

The British would stress the second syllable: ro-TATE, ro-TATE.

Americans stress the first syllable: RO-tate, RO-tate.


28. sachet

Next, we have another obviously French word: sachet.

The British would pronounce the word SA-chet, SA-chet.

Americans pronounce it sa-CHET, sa-CHET, with stress on the second syllable.


29. salon

Another common word that we use is “salon.”

The British will stress it on the first syllable: SA-lon, SA-lon, with a different vowel sound.

The Americans would stress it on the second syllable: sa-LON, sa-LON.

You can hear that the word sounds a little more foreign when we stress it on the second syllable: sa-LON.


30. vaccine

Here’s another one: vaccine.

The British stress the first syllable: VAC-cine, VAC-cine. Americans say vac-CINE, vac-CINE.

Can you hear the difference?


31. weekend

And for our last word today, it’s a word that really confuses me: weekend.

The British pronounce it week-END, week-END, which probably has to do with the roots of the word.

Americans pronounce it WEEK-end, WEEK-end, with stress on the first syllable.


Word Stress Patterns Are Usually Consistent in American and British English

How do you feel after learning these 30 words that are stressed differently in British and American English?

Even if you’re feeling a little bit overwhelmed right now, I want to reassure you!

For the most part, the word stress patterns that we follow in English are the same between British and American English.

That’s right: despite these examples, word stress is usually consistent between the two dialects.

This helps simplify your work if you choose to study stress, which I really encourage you to do!

Even if you have other characteristics of a non-native accent, stressing words correctly will make it so much easier for a native English speaker to understand you, even if you’re speaking American English to a Brit, or British English to an American.

Of course, these words that are stressed differently between British and American English may cause a little bit of confusion, but these probably aren’t the words that you’re using most frequently in everyday speech.

Be sure to focus your attention on stress when you’re learning how to pronounce a word. It will truly help people understand you!


Your Turn

Now that you’ve learned the words that are stressed differently between British and American English, I want to know if you’ve heard of any other examples. Leave a comment and share below!

Which words did you find surprising? Which words do you find really challenging to stress correctly?

I’m happy to help you find the right stress in American English!

If you know you’re ready to work on your word and sentence stress in order to reduce your accent in English, consider joining my Stress Simplified program. This self-guided accent reduction program includes over 30 drills as well as specific tips that will help you sound like a native English speaker.

Различия в произношении в американском и британском английском — American and British English pronunciation differences

Сравнение произношения

Различия в произношении между американским английским (AmE) и британский английский (BrE) могут быть разделены на

  • различия в акценте (т.е. фонема инвентаризация и реализация). См. различия между общим американским и принятым произношением, чтобы узнать о стандартных акцентах в США и Великобритании; для получения информации о других акцентах см. региональные акценты носителей английского языка.
  • различия в произношении отдельных слов в лексиконе (т.е. распределение фонем). В этой статье для обозначения BrE используется транскрипция принятого произношения (RP), а для представления AmE — общий американский (GAm).

В следующем обсуждении:

  • надстрочный индекс после слова указывает на то, что произношение этого слова в BrE является обычным вариант в AmE.
  • надстрочный индекс после слова указывает на то, что произношение этого слова на AmE является распространенным вариантом в BrE.
  • надстрочный индекс после слова указывает, что произношение, данное как BrE, также является наиболее общий вариант в AmE.
  • надстрочный индекс после слова означает, что произношение, данное как AmE, также является наиболее распространенным вариантом в BrE.

Содержание

  • 1 Ударение
    • 1,1 Французское ударение
    • 1,2 Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на -ate
    • 1.3 Прочие ударения
  • 2 Аффиксы
    • 2.1 -ary, -ery, -ory, -mony, -ative, -bury, -berry
    • 2.2 -ile
    • 2.3 di-
    • 2,4 -ine
    • 2.5 Эффекты слияния слабых гласных
  • 3 Слабые формы
  • 4 Разные различия произношения
    • 4.1 Отдельные различия
    • 4.2 Множественные различия
  • 5 Примечания
  • 6 Ссылки
  • 7 Дополнительная литература

Ударение

Нижний индекс a или b означает, что соответствующая безударная гласная также сокращается до или в AmE или BrE, соответственно.

Французское ударение

Во многих заимствованных словах из французского AmE вводится ударение на последний слог, BrE подчеркивает более ранний слог или, как в оригинальном французском, использует такое же ударение по каждому слогу. Французские заимствования, которые отличаются только ударением, перечислены ниже.

BrE AmE слова с ударением на соответствующий слог на каждом диалекте
1-й 2-й débâcle
2-й 1-й кустарный, связной ab, макраме ab, Ренессанс ab
1-й последний балет, бандо, барраж a, дубинка ab *, beignet, beignet, beignet a, bidet, blasé, bouffant, brasserie b, brassière ab, brevet ab, брошюра b *, брюле, буфет a, бюстье, cachet, cafe * a * b, кофеин, кальвадос, утка а, огорчение а, шале, шато, шофер, клише * а, коллаж а *, корнет, вязание крючком, круассан * a, крокет, мусор a, дебют, декор, деталь a, шпага, фигурка, филе b, фламбе, фраппе, fricandeau, frontier, garage a, gâteau, glacé, gourmet, lamé, massif, massage, matinée, métier, mirage, неглиже, névé, небрежный b, невзрачный, nouveau, parfait, паркет * b, пастель b, пастила b, паштет, пенсия, писсуар, плато, прецис, протеже b, пюре, рантье, риск, руле, руло, саше, салон а, соте, савант ab, soirée, solfège, сорбе a, вылазка, суфле, суп, tableau, tonneau, touché, toupée, сортировка, приданое, вакцина, камердинер, вермут.

Также некоторые французские имена, в том числе: Арган, Авиньон aБовуар, Бизе, Кале, Картье., Шардоне, Шопен, Ситроен, Дега, Депардье, Дижон, Дюма, Флобер, Жерар, Лион, Мане, Массне, Морис, Милле, Мольер, Моне, Перпиньян, Пежо, Пиаф, Пуатье, Пуссен, Рабле, Рено a,Рембо, Роже, Руан, Сати, Сёра, Торо, Валуа, Вувре, Ватто.

последний 1-й адрес b (существительное), сигарета, эсквайр b *, журнал, тирада, ((bi) p) artisan a.

Также некоторые французские названия, в том числе: Dunkirk.

2nd last accouchement, arrondissement, atté, charivari, consommé a, английский рожок, зона декольте, деклассирование, демо de, dénouement, divertissement, exclude, escargot, разоблачение, жених (е), финансист, портманто, сближение, retroussé, сомелье.

Также некоторые французские имена, в том числе: Дебюсси b, Дюбонне a, Монпелье, Парментье, Пиаже, Рамбуйе.

Глаголы окончание на -ate

Большинство двухсложных глаголов, оканчивающихся на -ate, имеют ударение первого слога в AmE и ударение второго слога в BrE. Это включает в себя кастрацию, сопоставление, кремацию, курирование, диктовку, пожертвование, фрустрацию, градиент, вращение, гидратацию, определение местоположения, миграцию, мутацию, повествование b, фонат, успокоение b, прострацию пульсировать, вращать, зазубривать, наблюдать, застоя, полосатость, переводить, обрезать, освобождать b *, вибрировать. Примеры совпадения AmE и BrE включают объединение, создание, обсуждение, приравнивание, подъем, раздутие, отрицание; и поручение и завещание с ударением на первый слог. Производные существительные in -ator сохраняют различие, но не in -ation. Кроме того, мигрирующие и вибрационные иногда сохраняют различие.

Наиболее длинные -ate глаголы произносятся одинаково в AmE и BrE, но некоторые имеют ударение на первый слог в BrE и ударение на второй слог в AmE: удлинить a, пропитать, внедрить, обвинить, проникнуть, возразить ab, секвестр, тергивер a. Для некоторых производных прилагательных в BrE встречается окончание -atory-смещение ударения на -a (тори). Среди этих случаев — праздничный a (BrE: ), компенсационный a, совместный a, нормативный a. AmE подчеркивает тот же слог, что и соответствующий глагол -ate (за исключением компенсирующего, где AmE подчеркивает второй слог). Еще одно важное различие — лабораторное: AmE и BrE .

Разное ударение

Есть ряд случаев, когда существительное, глагол с одинаковым написанием и / или прилагательное имеют одинаковое ударение в одном диалекте, но отчетливое ударение в другом (например, альтернативный, перспективный): см. существительное, производное от начального ударения.

В следующей таблице перечислены слова, которые до сих пор не обсуждались, где основное различие между AmE и BrE заключается в стрессе. Обычно это также следует за сокращением безударной гласной. Слова, отмеченные нижним индексом A или B, являются исключениями и, таким образом, сохраняют полный гласный в (относительно) безударном слоге AmE или BrE. Следующая за ним звездочка , *означает, что обычно сохраняется полная гласная; предшествующий * означает, что иногда сохраняется полная гласная.

Слова с другими отличиями перечислены в более поздней таблице.

BrE AmE слова с соответствующим ударением слога в каждом диалекте
1-й 2-й Адонай, взрослый B, альбумин / альбумин, аристократ, Бернар, церебральный / головной мозг, сложный (прил.), Обратное ( прил.), иллюстративный, крошечный / крохотный, Мосул, омега A, патина, духи (существительное), пианист, ситар, пребывание (глагол), сталактит, сталагмит, Суэц, благодарение AB, перенос A, travail, Ulysses A
2nd 1st акцент (глагол), альтернативный (прил.), вспомогательный B, архангел, Аргайл, Августин B, Азорские острова, backfire (глагол), baptize, Багдад, Бальтазар, капилляр, опрокидывание, цепная связь, (bi / quin / quater) столетие, кровообращение, противоречие, Корфу, следствие, защита / нападение A (только спорт), дефицит, в другом месте AB, запрос / запрос A, рябчик, Гэлбрейт, хохот, Гонконг, Марди Гра, зефир AB, верхнечелюстной, медуллярный, смешанный, обязательный, патрональный, предикативный, притворство / притворство A, принцесса * A, перспектива (глагол), отшельник, обращение, исследование (существительное), респиратор, саксофонист B, spinet, spread (-) орел AB,Стоунхендж, каменная стена, субстрат AB, трахея A, макулатура, подъезд, выходные AB, Зороастр
1-й 3-й подходящий AB, росомаха
3-й 1-й Бухарест, Будапешт, дисциплинарное взыскание, кроме того, h (a) эмоглобин AB, марганец, ламантин, маргарин B, Пакистан, Панама, Пиренеи AB, Сингапур, стюардесса
2-я позиция 3-й подводник, Йом Киппур
3-й 2-й над бортом, черпалоид, центробежный, шимпанзе, обскурантизм AB
4-й 1-я управляющая

Аффиксы

-ary, -ery, -ory, -mony, -ative, -bury, -berry

Если слог, предшествующий суффиксам -ary, -ery, -ory, -mony или -ative не имеет ударения, AmE произносит предпоследний слог с полным гласным звуком: для -ary и -ery, для -ory, для -mony и -ативный. BrE сокращает гласный до schwa или даже удаляет полностью: [-ri] или [-ri] (далее транскрибируется как диафонемным транскрипция), и . Итак, военный — это AmE и BrE, инвентарь — AmE и BrE, свидетельские показания это AmE и BrE, а инновационным — AmE или и BrE . (Избегают элизии в тщательно произнесенной речи, особенно с окончаниями -rary, -rery, -rory.)

Однако, где ударение перед слогом -ary, -ery, -ory, -mony или -ative, AmE также обычно сокращает гласную:, . Исключения включают библиотеку, первичную, розмарин. (Произношение библиотеки как, а не заклеймлено в Соединенных Штатах, например, как связанное с афро-американским разговорным английским, тогда как в BrE, часто встречается в быстрой или повседневной речи.)

Суффикс -berry произносится по аналогичным правилам, за исключением того, что в BrE он может быть полным после безударного слога, в то время как в AmE он обычно бывает полным во всех случаях. Таким образом, у нас есть клубника: BrE, AmE и черника: BrE / AmE .

топоним компонент -bury (например, Canterbury ) имеет аналогичное отличие: AmE имеет полную гласную:, где BrE имеет сокращенную: .

Обратите внимание, что различия в ударении между диалектами возникают с некоторыми словами, оканчивающимися на -atory (перечисленные выше), и некоторыми другими, такими как капиллярный (включены в # Разное напряжение выше).

Ранее различие BrE – AmE для прилагательных перенесено на соответствующие наречия, оканчивающиеся на -arly, -erily или -orily. Однако в настоящее время некоторые носители языка BrE применяют практику AmE по переносу ударения на предпоследний слог: таким образом, в военном отношении иногда бывает, а не, и обязательно находится в BrE либо или .

-ile

Слова, оканчивающиеся на безударный -ile, производные от латинских прилагательных с окончанием -ilis, в основном произносятся с полная гласная в BrE, но сокращенная гласная или слоговая L в AmE (например, плодородные рифмы с меховой плиткой в ​​BrE, но с фетлей в AmE).

AmE будет (в отличие от BrE, за исключением случаев, обозначенных значком) иметь сокращенную последнюю гласную:

  • обычно в легком, (не) плодородном, делящемся, хрупком, ракетном, стабильном (прилагательное), стерильном, растяжимый, универсальный, мужественный, летучий
  • обычно в подвижном, децильном, пластичном, бесполезном, враждебном, малолетнем, (нем) мобильном (прилагательное и телефон), ребяческом, тактильном
  • редко в домициле, эректильный, инфантильный, подростковый, размерный, процентильный, снаряд, рептилия, старческий, рабский, текстильный, утильный
  • никогда в крокодиле, изгнании, неевреи, примирить; ни к составам односложных слов (например, турникет из шпильки)

В некоторых словах также играет роль произношение :

  • BrE, AmE : c (h) amomile, mercantile, mobile / stabile (украшения)
  • BrE, AmE или : подвижный, цепкий, пульсирующий, тянущий
  • BrE, AmE или : имбецил
  • BrE, AmE : рутил (BrE, AmE также )

Родственные окончания -ility, -ilize, -ilар произносятся в AmE так же, как и BrE.

di-

Произношение гласной префикса di- в словах такие как дихотомия, переваривать (глагол), расширять, дилемма, разбавлять, расширять, размерность, направлять, рассекать, двуслагать, разделять, расходиться, разнообразить, отклонять, избавляться и разглашать, а также их производные формы варьируются от и или как в британском, так и в американском английском.

-ine

суффикс -ine без ударения иногда произносится как (например, feline), иногда (например, морфин) и иногда (например, лекарство). Некоторые слова имеют переменное произношение в пределах BrE, или в пределах AmE, или между BrE и AmE. Как правило, AmE с большей вероятностью отдает предпочтение или, а BrE предпочитает .

BrE, AmE (1) : карабин, флорентийский, междоусобный, мещанский, первозданный, солевой, серпантин.

BrE, AmE (1) (2) : адамантин.

BrE, AmE : матка.

BrE, AmE (1) (2) (3) : кристаллический, лабиринтный.

BrE (1), AmE (1) (2) : стрихнин.

Эффекты слияния слабых гласных

слияние слабых гласных вызывает аффиксы, такие как -ate (как в климате), be- (перед согласным), de- (как в решении), -ed (с озвученной гласной), -es (с озвученной гласной), -est, -less, -ness, pre- (как в подготовить) и re- (перед согласной), чтобы быть произносится с помощью schwa (а в слове about), а не безударного (во втором слоге слогана). Консервативный RP использует в каждом случае, так что раньше, ожидал, розы и неверные произносятся, а не, которые более распространены в General American. Произношения с получают все большее распространение в RP и в случае некоторых суффиксов (таких как -ate и -less) стали преобладающими вариантами. Существительное небрежность произносится в GA и современных RP и в консервативных RP. Этот вариант обозначен символом ⟨ᵻ⟩ в некоторых словарях, опубликованных Oxford University Press и в Словаре произношения современного английского языка Routledge. В последнем британское произношение климата транскрибируется ⟨ˈklʌɪmᵻt⟩, а небрежность — как kɛːləsnəs⟩.

Такие аффиксы, как dis-, in-, -ing и mis- содержат в консервативных RP, а также в General American и Modern RP, так что такие слова, как нелояльность или обучение фонематически являются и во всех трех разновидностях.

Суффикс -ist произносится как в RP и в GA. Последнее произношение считается не-RP, так что машинист произносится как в RP и в GA.

Слабые формы

заголовок Saint перед именем человека имеет слабую форму в BrE, но не в AmE: перед гласными, .

Разные различия в произношении

Запись для слова «Herb» из Словаря критического произношения Уокера (Лондон: Тегг, 1833), показывающая произношение без / h /

В этих таблицах перечислены слова, произносимые по-разному, но написанные одинаково. См. Также таблицу слов с разным произношением, отраженных в написании.

Отдельные различия

Слова с несколькими точками разницы в произношении находятся в таблице после этой. Акцентные различия игнорируются. Например, Москва — это RP и GAm, но только разница — здесь выделено, поскольку как наличие контрастирующей гласной / ɒ / в RP (которая падает вместе с / ɑː / в GA), так и использование RP [əʊ] вместо [oʊ] предсказуемо по ударению. Кроме того, ti a ra указывается с AmE ; слияние жениться-веселиться-Мэри изменяет эту гласную для многих американцев.

Многие источники опускают метки длины в транскрипции AmE, поэтому такие слова, как отец или держать, транскрибируются / ˈfɑðər / и / ˈkip /, а не и . Несмотря на то, что это не фонематическое слово, длина гласного в GA работает очень похоже на RP, так что в основном это разница в транскрипции.

означает, что говорящие на американском языке также могут использовать британское произношение; означает, что говорящие на британском языке также могут использовать американское произношение.

BrE AmE Слова
За исключением слов, измененных разделением ловушка – ванна, ( который затрагивает большинство говорящих на южном британском языке и почти не говорящих по-американски): ban a na, cab a na, chor a le, Color ado, Internation ale, kh a ki, loc a le, masc a ra, mor a le, music a le, Nev ada -or a ma / -r a ma, paj a ma (s), Paкист ani, пастор a le, pl a que, r a le, ration a le, сах ara, s ar saparilla, sce a rio, sopr a no, Sud an, sult a na, ti ara
«A» в английском произношении многих иностранных имен и заимствованных слов, например: a ngst, Ankara, aqua, Ariosto, Asti, Baku, Balaton, Basra, Białystok, Bratislava, c a maraderie, Car a cas, Carp a ccio, Casabl a nca, Cas als, пещера a t, С éz a nne, chi a nti, Chi a pas, d a cha, Daчау, d’Aннунцио, Делг а до, Даш а нбэ, Fraнсеса, гул а ш, gr a ppa, Gul ag, h a cienda, Haryana, Kafka, Kampala, k a mpong, k a nji, Kant, keb a b, L a s (топонимы, например Лас-Вегас ), las a gna, l a tte, Laus a nne, m a cho, m a fia, Mann, Mascagni, Mil an, Moh a mmed, Momb asa, Pablo Pic a sso, p a par a zzo, p a so doble, p a sta, p a tio, pil a ff, qu a ttrocento, Rachm a ninoff, r a llent a ndo, r a violi, reg a tta, s a mizd a t, s a nitaire, Slov ak, squ a cco, Шри Л. a nka, t a co, t a gliatelle, tr a ttoria, tz a tziki, Uganda, Viv a ldi, wigw a m, Wuh an, Yerev an
char a de, cic a da, g a la, gr a ve (акцент), pr a строка, str a tum, tom ato
agave, sw a the
Adolf, b a sil (растение), c a девять, gr a nary, (im) pl a кабель, m a cron, p a l (a) eo-, p a tronise / -ize, (com / un) p a triot (ic), (ex / re) p a triate / -ation, ph a lanx, pl ai t, Sabine, s a trap, s a tyr
appar a tus, a pricot, b a bel, comr a de, d ah lia, d a ta, цифра a lis, gr a tis, p a палатка, r a Бид, ст а тус
twat
quagmire, sc a llop, wr ath
Xhosa
или sloth, tr o th, w o nt, wr oth
schm a ltz (y)
asph a lt
За исключением слов, измененных разделением партии на ткань : alcoh o l, at o ll, Austin, gn o cchi, o ratory, paras o l, s au sage,
leprech aun
или falcon
Aesculapius, Aeschylus, (a) e sthete / -tic, an (a) e sthetist / -ize, am e nity, br e ve, D (a) e dalus, eco-, e cumenical, e pochal, e soteric, e volution, h (a) e mo-, Heph ae stus, hyg ie nic, Kenya, l e ver (возраст), m e тан, Oeдипус, (o) e строген, (o) e strus, p (a) e дофил, p e nalize, Ph (a) e drus, pr e decessor, pr e dilection, pyr e thrin, qu (a) e stor, schizophr e nia, Semite, s e nile, syst e mic
crematorium, cr e tin, d e pot, f e tid, h e donism / -ist (ic), l ei sure, pr e sentation, r e connoit (re / er), z e bra
beta (max ), e ta, gaz e bo, h ei nous, Mekon g, qu ay, repart ee, th e ta, z e ta
detour, Hel ene
Зимбабв e
Hagg ai,Isr ael
ate, é tui, m ê lée, pr e sa
again (st), cort è ge, nonpar eil
mayor
coloratura, h o ver, Somme. Также строгие формы этих функциональных слов : (every / some / no / any) b o dy, fr o m, o f, w a s, wh at
acc o mplice / -ish, c o посадочный модуль, c o njure, c o nstable, m o netary, -m o nger
adi o s, Aerofl ot, аят o llah, Барбад os, бар o que, Boccherini, Bogotá, c o gnac, comp o st, d o ldrums, d o lor / d o lour, gr o schen, gr o sso, h o mo -, Interp ol, Lod, m o cha, o lfactory, Pin o cchio, p o grom, p o lka, pr o duce (существительное), pr o fessorial, pr o phy- (молочнокислый / laxis), realp o litik, rip o ste, Rosh Hashanah, sc o ne, sh o ne, s o lstice, Sonia,Tolstoy, tr o ll, y o gurt. Также, как правило, производные от греков названия мест, людей или идей, оканчивающиеся на «-os», например, Eros, eth os,Heli os, l ogos (единственное число), миф o s, путь o s и т.д.; хотя cha o s следует британской норме в обеих странах.
Adonis, c o dicil, c o dify, g o ffer, o gle, pr o cess (имя существительное), pr o ject (имя существительное)
dynasty, h i biscus, housew i fery, i dyll, i talic, p i pette, pr i vacy, s i одновременно, s i necure, tinn i tus, всего i zator, tr i colo (u) r, tr i mester, Tyrolean, v i tamin. См. Также -ine.
but y l, cond y le, c y clic (al), doctr i nal, f i nance / -ial, fors y thia, — i sation / — i zation, k i nesis / -tic, Minotaur, pr i mer (учебник), Pythagoras, subs i dence / -ent, s y napse, umbil i cal. См. Также -ine.
Isaiah
(n) ei ther, Pleiades, v я а. См. Также -ine.
alb i no, g ey ser, m i зерно, обл я que (глагол). См. Также -ine.
symb i osis / -tic
в префиксах ant i -, mult i -, sem i — в рыхлых соединениях (например, в анти-учреждении, но не в антидоте)
been, cl i que, cr ee k, бес i d (существительное), pr i ma
aphrod i siac, Biarritz, bul i mia, memorab i lia, p i (t) ta, perst i gious, tr i cot
enclave, e nvoi / -voy
catch, f e mme fatale, p a ll -m all
nous
kümmel
Buddha, c u ckoo, Düsseldorf, Gutiérrez, g u ru, Ljubljana, Mussolini
boogie-w oo gie, b ou levard, h oo f, r oo f, r oo t, sn oo ker, w oo f (плетение)
ferr u le, fort u ne
cнаш ier
или brusque
излишек us
cumin
(re) r ou te ( r)
brooch, pr o ven
cantal ou p (e), hecat o mb
plover
Mosc ow
Мадагаск ar, пн ar ch
Berkeley, Berkshire, Cherколодец, cl er k, d er by, Hertford (shire). (Единственное слово AmE с er⟩ = — s er geant.)
err
Ernst
det err ent
amp ere, y ear (-end / ender)
inh er ent
coh er ent, er a, hyst er ia
Irkutsk
chirr up, squ irr el, st irr up, s yrup
whorl
acorn, rec или d (существительное), слабая форма из или (иногда в RP)
Elean or (e) / Elen o r (e) / El (l) in o r (e) / Elyn o r, metaph or, Westm или (e) land
Amaz on, anacoluth o n, automat o n, Avon, cap o n, спазм o n, cray o n, Leban on, lexic o n, marath o n, (m) asc о т, меланх о лы, мирмид о н, Орег on, pantechnic o n, parag o n, Parthen on, феномен o n, pyl o n, pyth o n, Rubic on, saffr o n, кремний o n, wainsc o t. Также любые геометрические фигуры, оканчивающиеся на «-агон»; например, hexag o n, octag o n, pentag o n, polyg o n и т. д.
Aes op, Amos, cond o m, desp o t, Enoch, ing o t, m o squito, s o mbrero, Winthr op
röntgen, Stendhal
acc e nt (имя существительное), не e nse
congr e ss, Kentucky, параллелепипед ed
despicable, лебедка e ster
Ceylon
Некоторые слова, затронутые слиянием слабых гласных : carp e t, Mart i n, rabb i t и т.д. Слияние также создает слабые формы слов, такие как i n и i t, которые не-RP.
Некоторые слова, затронутые слиянием слабых гласных : imp e tigo, или a nge, Semitic и т. д. См. также эффекты слияния слабых гласных.
(p) artis a n (s) / — ship
baблаго, b a ssoon, Capri, f a stidious, n a sturtium, p a poose, pl a toon, r a ccoon, t a boo, t a ttoo, touc a n, tr a peze
Draкониан, Hurric a ne, законодательный a ture, s a tanic. Кроме того, более длинные слова, оканчивающиеся на — a tive.
entr ai ls, magistr a te, portr a it, templ ate
foy er
Göttingen
föhn, Göthe
Sch ö nberg
или bleu, œuvre
Mauritius
anch o vy, bor ough, thor ough, варикозное расширение или se, v или воспаление. Также названия мест, заканчивающиеся на «-bur gh », например Эдинбур gh, и фамилии, заканчивающиеся на -st o ne, например Johnst o ne (см. Также -ory и -m ony). Слова с безударным префиксом «pro-», за исключением «процесс», «прогресс» и «проект» (существительное), обычно используют любое произношение в американском английском; например, pr o bation, pr o cedure, pr o hibit, pr o liferate, pr o lific, Prometheus, pr o phetic, pr o pinquity, pror o gation, pr o test (глагол), pr o tract, pr o trude, pr o tuberance / -ant и Provence.
За исключением слов, измененных феноменом выпадения йод : barrac u da, c u lotte, p uma
coupon, f u chsine, Houston
cond u it, ig u ana, ung u ent
fig ure
erudite, pur u lent, vir u lence
duress, Kuwait, résumé
Excluding words altered by the yod-dropping phenomenon: Honduras
nougat
Huguenot
connoisseur, entrepreneur, masseur
tournament
Betelgeuse, chanteuse, chartreuse, masseuse
Aussie, blouse (noun), blouson, complaisant, citizen(ry/s/ship), crescent, dextrose, diagnose, erase, fuselage, mimosa, netizen(ry/s/ship), opposite, parse, ruse, talisman, treatise, valise, venison, visa, xylose
asthma, chromosome
piazza, schnauzer, terrazzo
xi
luxury
Asia, cashmere, Persia, (as/dis)persion, (ex/in)cursion, (im/sub)mersion, (a/con/di/in/per/re)version
erasure
Elgin, hegemony
sandwich, spi nach
Chou (en Lai)
braggadocio
chassis
cassia, Cassius, Dionysius, hessian, Lucius, (ne/omni/pre)scient/-ence, Theodosius
or issue, sexual, tissue
or ,, or nausea, transient
artesian, Elysian, Frisian, Frasier, glazier, grazier, hosiery, Indonesia, Malaysia, Parisian, Polynesia, Rabelaisian
cordial
besti(al/ary), celestial
consortium, otiose, ratiocinate, sentient
schedule
niche
bequeath, booth, loath(ful/ly/some), smithy, with
Anthony
Excluding words changed by flapping (sometimes described as the /t–d/ merger): Taoism
conquistador
questionnaire
nephew
(sounded) (silent ) Excluding words changed by nasal flapping: bona fide, chthonic, coupé(vehicle), diaper, furore, herb,Knossos,phthisis, ricochet, salve, solder, (un)toward(s), vaudeville
(silent ) (sounded) Excluding words changed by non-rhoticity : geography, medicine, Nantes, olde, physiognomy, schism, Singhalese, suggest, trait, Valenciennes, vehicle, Warwick (shire). See also -ary -ery -ory -bury, -berry.

Multiple differences

Spelling BrE IPA AmE IPA Notes
advertisement Older Americans may use the British pronunciation, and some British dialects use the American pronunciation.
agent provocateur (1) . (2)
Ajaccio BrE approximates more to French ; AmE reflects the word’s Italian origin .
Algarve (1) . (2) The original Portuguese pronunciation is .
Aloysius
aluminium/aluminum BrE is spelled aluminium pronounced . In AmE the word is usually spelled aluminum pronounced .
amateur (1) . (2) (1) . (2)
amortise/amortize BrE uses two spellings pronounced . In AmE the word is usually spelled amortize pronounced .
appliqué (1) . (2)
atelier (1) . (2)
avoirdupois
банальный
базальт (1)
битум
Boccaccio .
böhmite (1) . (2) (1) . (2) Первое произношение приблизительно соответствует немецкому языку (пишется ⟨ö⟩ или oe⟩); вторые англизированные.
bœuf (1) . (2) . (3) Первоначальное французское произношение: .
Букмол (1) . (2)
bolognaise / bolognese BrE использует два написания и произносится как . В AmE слово обычно пишется как болоньезе и произносится как .
букет (1) . (2) (1) . (2)
боярин (1) . (2) (1) . (2)
буй Британское произношение в Америке чаще встречается для глагола, чем для существительного; еще больше производных плавучести, плавучести и спасательного круга.
Буркина-Фасо
Византийский
кантон <1069tu>/ kæn <1069tu>/ kæn 356>/ kænˈtɒn /. (2) разница только в военном смысле «четверть солдат». другие чувства могут иметь ударение на любом слоге в обеих странах.
карамель (1) . (2)
карбюратор / карбюратор ( 1) . (2) BrE пишется как карбюратор и произносится как . В AmE это слово обычно пишется как карбюратор и произносится как .
Caribbean Некоторые американцы используют британское произношение, тогда как некоторые британские диалекты используют американское произношение..
цервикальный
cheong sam
клиентура . (2) Оригинальное французское произношение: .
комбатант
combative (1) . (2)
коммунал
составной
космос (1) . (2)
такса (1) . (2) . (3)
Данте (1) . (2)
дилетант (1) . (2) (1) . (2) BrE отражает итальянское происхождение слова; AmE больше приближается к французскому.
разделяющий
послушный
Дон Кихот Сравните с испанским
эпоха
epsilon
ругательство
фебрильный (1) . (2)
fracas (1) . (2) . (3) Множественное число BrE — французское fracas . Для примеров AmE (1) и (2) множественное число — это англизированный fracases
fusillade
Galápagos . (2)
гарем (1) . (2)
holocaust (1) . (2)
тупик (1) . (2) (1) . (2)
Иран
Ирак
ягуар
жалюзи (1) . ( 2)
хунта произношение BrE англоязычное; AmE ближе к испанскому.
престиж
Лансароте
лапсанг сушонг
лейтенант (1) . (2) Второе британское произношение ограничено в Королевский флот. Стандартное канадское и австралийское произношение такое же, как и британское.
нижнее белье Оригинальное французское произношение: .
ликер (1) . (2)
долгота
Лос-Анджелес (1) . (2)
lychee Орфография личи имеет произношение . Произношение BrE также встречается в AmE (хотя часто с ударением на первый слог), а произношение AmE распространено в BrE.
мачизм (1) . (2) . (3) (1) . (2) AmE отражает испанское происхождение слова; Пример BrE (3) больше похож на итальянский.
majuscule
mama (1) . (2)
майонез (1) . (2)
металлургия
метил
milieu (1) (1) . (2)
Мёбиус (1) . (2) Оригинальное немецкое произношение, и это приблизительно воспроизведено в BrE.
усы / усы BrE пишется как усы и произносится как . В AmE это слово обычно пишется как усы и произносится как .
Neuchâtel Оригинальное французское произношение: .
Никарагуа. (1) . (2)
Нигер Из-за истории с Францией произношение страны в BrE — французское . Произношение кантри в AmE англоязычное. Независимо от региона, река произносится .
номенклатура
oregano / . (2)
Otranto Оригинальное итальянское произношение: .
педагогика (1) . (2)
склонность Произношение AmE на английском языке; BrE — французский.
penult (1) . (2)
phthisic (1) . (2) (1) . (2)
преждевременные (1) . (2) (1) . (2)
premier (1) . (2)
première (1) . (2)
посылка (глагол)
progress (имя существительное) . (глагол) (имя существительное) . (глагол) Как в британском, так и в американском языках, существительное имеет ударение на первом слоге.. В глаголе ударение на втором слоге. Канадцы следуют британскому произношению.
Провансальский (1) . (2) (1) . ( 2)
provost
quasi- (1) . (2)
Quezon (1) . (2) . (3) Исходное тагальское произношение: .
quinine (1) . (2)
Равалпинди
изменник / изменник (1) . (2) (1) . (2) BrE использует два правописание и произносится как или . В AmE слово обычно пишется как ренеге и произносится как или .
resource (1) <354.>(2)
respite (1) . (2)
Reveille
Ришелье (1) . (2) Оригинальное французское произношение: .
Rioja
ризотто (1) . (2) . (3)
Рокфор Оригинальное французское произношение: .
Salzburg Исходное немецкое произношение — .
Сантандер (1) . (2)
Шлезвиг-Гольштейн
лук-шалот
Силезия (1) . (2) (1) . (2)
скелетный Оба произношения распространены в BrE.
болото означает «болото»; в метафорическом смысле «мрак», произношение BrE распространено в AmE. Гомограф «сброшенная кожа» везде .
соль / соль (1) . (2) . (3) BrE произносится как независимо от значения. В AmE слово произносится в смысле «пятая нота мажорной гаммы», или в смысле «тип коллоидный «и когда пишется с заглавной буквы, и или в смысле» валюта Перу «.
Ставангер (1) . (2) (1) . ( 2) Исходное норвежское произношение — . Произношение BrE является распространенным, а также встречается в AmE.
подчиненный
Таранто (1) . (2) Оригинальное итальянское произношение: .
timbale
жгут (1) . (2)
Trondheim Городское восточно-норвежское произношение этого слова .
Tunisia
turquoise (1) . (2)
писсуар
вагинальный
Ван Гог (1) . (2) Оригинальное голландское произношение is .
vase (1) . (2)
улетучиваться / улетучиваться BrE использует два варианта написания s произносится как . В AmE слово обычно пишется volatilize и произносится .
Z (буква) Написание этой буквы как слова соответствует произношению : таким образом Содружество (включая Канаду) zed и US zee.

Примечания

Ссылки

Дополнительная литература

  • Celce-Murcia, M., Brinton, DM, Goodwin, JM (2010). Обучение произношению: справочник и учебный текст (2-е изд.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Kenyon, J.S.; Т. Нотт (1953). Словарь произношения американского английского. Мерриам-Вебстер. ISBN 978-0-87779-047-1 .
  • Льюис, Дж. Виндзор (1972). Краткий словарь произношения британского и американского английского. Издательство Оксфордского университета. ISBN 0-19-431123 6 .
  • Джонс, Дэниел (2011). П. Роуч; Дж. Эслинг; Дж. Сеттер (ред.). Кембриджский словарь английского произношения (18-е издание). Издательство Кембриджского университета. ISBN 978-0-521-15255-6 .
  • Аптон, Калифорния; Kretschmar, W.; Конопка, Р. (2001). Оксфордский словарь произношения современного английского языка. Издательство Оксфордского университета. ISBN 0-19-863156-1 .
  • Уэллс, Джон К. (2000). Словарь произношения Лонгмана. 2-е изд. Лонгман. ISBN 0-582-36468-X.

But you can relax a bit more if you want to use collective nouns in British English! Collective nouns can be both singular or plural, and they will more likely be plural due to the fact that they are, well, collective:

British English

“My English class is planning a trip to Stonehenge!”

    or

“My English class are planning a trip to Stonehenge!”

“Our well-trained staff has been working hard.”

    or

“Our well-trained staff have been working hard.”

“The Conservation Committee meets every Monday.”

    or

“The Conservation Committee meet every Monday.”

If you’re ever in doubt about whether to treat your collective nouns as plural or singular, don’t worry! Just be aware of your audience or readers. They might not know about these distinctions, but now you do!

Remember! The word “people” is NOT a collective noun. It’s a plural noun. So, we say: “People are…” and not “People is…”.

Present perfect or past simple?

If you’ve been studying English for a while, you may or may not have made friends with the present perfect and the past simple. (And, by the way, we can help you with that!)

Remember that we generally use the past simple to talk about finished actions at a specific point in time.

We use the present perfect when we want to talk about experiences, accomplishments, or actions in the past that may or may not be finished, when we don’t want to mention a specific point in time, and when we want to focus on the result of those experiences, accomplishments, or actions.

Why do I mention this here?

Because British English speakers more commonly use the present perfect to talk about recent actions in the past that have no specified time, while American English speakers use the past simple

American English: Did you eat?

British English: Have you eaten?

American English: My mother just called.

British English: My mother’s (mother has) just called.

A few past tense conjugations of verbs are spelled differently in American versus British English. The ending “-ed” of many past tense verbs becomes a simple “-t” in their British counterparts, such as in “learned” and “learnt.”

American English: We just learned that in school.

British English: We’ve just learnt that in school.

American English: Dad burned dinner again.

British English: Dad’s (Dad has) burnt dinner again. 

And, this may sound strange to your ears if you’re used to American English, but in British English, you’ll often see the verb “got” used as a past participle instead of “gotten.”

American English: I’ve gotten used to having you around.

British English: I’ve got used to having you around.

Tag questions

British English speakers are more likely to use something called a tag question, but American English speakers use them, too.

A tag question, also called a question tag, is a funny little rhetorical question that some English speakers stick at the end of a statement. In basic terms, you can use tag questions to turn your statement into a question and to emphasize what you want to say. We can use them with auxiliary verbs such as be, have, can, or should.

Let’s look at this sentence: “This coffee isn’t very good.”

And here it is with a tag question: “This coffee isn’t very good, is it?”

When we add a tag question at the end, we emphasize our dislike for the coffee, and we indirectly ask others to offer their opinion. It’s also a great way to make your speech sound more natural.

Just remember that if your statement is negative, your tag question should be positive, and if your statement is positive, your tag question should be negative:

“Well, that’s great news, isn’t it?

“She won’t be there, will she?

“You should call your mom, shouldn’t you?

“We haven’t made a huge mistake, have we?

Other dialects of English

With over 1.5 billion learners and speakers of English in the world, and around 160 estimated dialects, no one standard dialect of English exists.

If you’re interested in exploring these and other dialects, check out the International Dialects of English Archive (IDEA), where you can find over 1,500 recordings of English speakers from around the world from 120 different countries. It’s a great way to expose your ear to different accents and pronunciations as well as listen to English speakers from other cultures.

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