Бокс плот в excel

How to Make a Box Plot in Excel

If you’re presenting or analyzing difficult statistical data, you might need to know how to make a box plot in Excel. Here’s what you’ll need to do.

Microsoft Excel allows you to create informative and attractive charts and graphs to help present or analyze your data. You can easily create bar and pie charts from your data, but creating a box plot in Excel has always been more challenging for users to master.

The software didn’t provide a template specifically for creating box plots, but it’s much easier now. If you want to make a box plot in Excel, here’s what you’ll need to know (and do).

What Is a Box Plot?

For descriptive statistics, a box plot is one of the best ways to demonstrate how data is distributed. It shows the numbers in quartiles, highlighting the mean value as well as the outliers. Statistical analysis uses box plot charts for everything from comparing medical trial results to contrasting different teachers’ test scores.

The basis for a box plot is to display data based on a five-number summary. This means showing:

• Minimum value: the lowest data point in the data set, excluding any outliers.
• Maximum value: the highest data point in the data set, excluding outliers.
• Median: the middle value in the data set
• First, or Lower, quartile: this is the median of the lower half of the values in the data set.
• Third, or Upper, quartile: the median of the upper half of the data set’s values

Sometimes, a box plot chart will have lines extending vertically up or down, showing how the data might vary outside the upper and lower quartiles. These are called “whiskers,” and the charts themselves are sometimes referred to as box and whisker charts.

How to Make a Box Plot in Excel for Microsoft 365

In past versions of Excel, there wasn’t a chart template specific to box plots. While it was still possible to create it, it took a lot of work. Office 365 does include box plots as an option now, but it’s somewhat buried in the Insert tab.

The instructions and screenshots below assume Excel for Microsoft 365. The steps below have been created using a Mac, but we also provide instructions where the steps are different on Windows.

First, of course, you need your data. Once you’ve finished entering it, you can create and stylize your box plot.

To create a box plot in Excel:

1. Select your data in your Excel workbook—either a single or multiple data series.
2. On the ribbon bar, click the Insert tab.
3. On Windows, click Insert > Insert Statistic Chart > Box and Whisker.
4. On macOS, click the Statistical Chart icon, then select Box and Whisker.

That will net you a very basic box plot, with whiskers. Next, you can modify its options to look how you want.

Formatting a Box Chart in Excel

Once you’ve created your box plot, it’s time to pretty it up. The first thing you should do is give the chart a descriptive title. To do this, click the existing title, then you can select the text and change it.

From the Design and Format tabs of the ribbon, you can modify how Excel styles your box chart. This is where you can select the theme styles used, change the fill color of the boxes, apply WordArt styles, and more. These options are universal to just about all of the charts and graphs you might create in Excel.

If you want to change options specific to the box and whisper chart, click Format Pane. Here, you can change how the chart represents your data. For example:

A Welcome Addition for Statistical Analysis

It wasn’t always so easy to figure out how to create a box plot in Excel. Creating the chart in previous versions of the spreadsheet software required manually calculating the different quartiles. You could then create a bar graph to approximate the presentation of a box plot. Microsoft’s addition of this chart type with Office 365 and Microsoft 365 is very welcome.

Of course, there are lots of other Excel tips and tricks you can learn if you’re new to Excel. Box plots might seem advanced, but once you understand the concepts (and the steps), they’re easy to create and analyze using the steps above.

Источник

Create a box and whisker chart

A box and whisker chart shows distribution of data into quartiles, highlighting the mean and outliers. The boxes may have lines extending vertically called “whiskers”. These lines indicate variability outside the upper and lower quartiles, and any point outside those lines or whiskers is considered an outlier.

Box and whisker charts are most commonly used in statistical analysis. For example, you could use a box and whisker chart to compare medical trial results or teachers’ test scores.

Create a box and whisker chart

Select your data—either a single data series, or multiple data series.

(The data shown in the following illustration is a portion of the data used to create the sample chart shown above.)

In Excel, click Insert > Insert Statistic Chart > Box and Whisker as shown in the following illustration.

Important: In Word, Outlook, and PowerPoint, this step works a little differently:

On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Chart.

In the Insert Chart dialog box, on the All Charts tab, click Box & Whisker.

Use the Design and Format tabs to customize the look of your chart.

If you don’t see these tabs, click anywhere in the box and whisker chart to add the Chart Tools to the ribbon.

Change box and whisker chart options

Right-click one of the boxes on the chart to select that box and then, on the shortcut menu, click Format Data Series.

In the Format Data Series pane, with Series Options selected, make the changes that you want.

(The information in the chart following the illustration can help you make your choices.)

Controls the gap between the categories.

Show inner points

Displays the data points that lie between the lower whisker line and the upper whisker line.

Show outlier points

Displays the outlier points that lie either below the lower whisker line or above the upper whisker line.

Show mean markers

Displays the mean marker of the selected series.

Displays the line connecting the means of the boxes in the selected series.

Choose a method for median calculation:

Inclusive median The median is included in the calculation if N (the number of values in the data) is odd.

Exclusive median The median is excluded from the calculation if N (the number of values in the data) is odd.

Tip: To read more about the box and whisker chart and how it helps you visualize statistical data, see this blog post on the histogram, Pareto, and box and whisker chart by the Excel team. You may also be interested learning more about the other new chart types described in this blog post.

Create a box and whisker chart

Select your data—either a single data series, or multiple data series.

(The data shown in the following illustration is a portion of the data used to create the sample chart shown above.)

On the ribbon, click the Insert tab, and then click (the Statistical chart icon), and select Box and Whisker.

Use the Chart Design and Format tabs to customize the look of your chart.

If you don’t see the Chart Design and Format tabs, click anywhere in the box and whisker chart to add them to the ribbon.

Change box and whisker chart options

Click one of the boxes on the chart to select that box and then in the ribbon click Format.

Use the tools in the Format ribbon tab to make the changes that you want.

Источник

Диаграмма «ящик с усами» (boxplot) в Excel 2016

Excel 2016, как известно, обогатился новыми типами диаграмм. Одна такая, которая диаграмма Парето, уже была показана. В этот раз рассмотрим другую, чисто статистическую. Называется «ящик с усами» или «коробчатая диаграмма» (box-and-whiskers plot или boxplot).

Раньше я такие видел только в специализированных ПО, типа STATISTICA, и для того, чтобы нарисовать подобную диаграмму в Excel, нужно было изрядно потрудиться. Теперь она есть в стандартном наборе Excel.

Зачем нужна такая диаграмма? Допустим, есть выборка для анализа. А еще лучше несколько выборок, которые нужно сравнить. Для этого рассчитывают различные показатели. Однако к любому расчету всегда хочется добавить наглядности, чтобы мозг перешел в режим образного представления, а не довольствовался сухими цифрами и формулами. Поэтому основные характеристики ловко изображают на рисунке. Отличным вариантом будет как раз диаграмма «ящик с усами».

На рисунке показан формат по умолчанию. Как видно, сравниваются две выборки путем изображения двух «ящиков с усами».

Что здесь что обозначает?

Крестик посередине – это среднее арифметическое по выборке.

Линия чуть выше или ниже крестика – медиана.

Нижняя и верхняя грань прямоугольника (типа ящика) соответствует первому и третьему квартилю (значениям, отделяющим ¼ и ¾ выборки). Расстояние между 1-м и 3-м квартилем – это межквартильный размах (или расстояние).

Горизонтальные черточки на конце «усов» – максимальное и минимальное значение (без учета выбросов, см. ниже).

Отдельные точки – это выбросы, которые показываются по умолчанию. Если значение выходит за пределы 1,5 межквартильных размаха от ближайшего квартиля, то оно считается аномальным. Их можно скрыть (см. ниже настройки).

Во всей красе «ящик с усами» проявляется при сравнении выборок, в которых данные делятся на категории. Допустим, провели некоторый эксперимент среди мужчин и женщин. Есть данные до и после эксперимента по обоим полам. Для анализа потребуется вычислить различные показатели. А если к этому добавить диаграмму «ящик с усами», то результат будет весьма наглядным.

Отлично видно, что после проведения эксперимента данные по мужчинам в целом уменьшились, а данные среди женщин наоборот, увеличились. Это не значит, что выборки больше не нужно анализировать (сравнивать, проверять гипотезы и т.д.). Но наглядность сильно улучшает понимание. Перейдем к настройкам.

Настройки диаграммы «ящик с усами»

Общий вид диаграммы настраивается стандартно. Можно менять цвет, добавлять подписи и т.д. Для этого есть две контекстные вкладки на ленте (Конструктор и Формат). Но есть настройки, предназначенные специально для этой диаграммы.

Выбираем какой-либо ряд и жмем Ctrl+1. Либо два раза кликаем по какому-нибудь «ящику». Можно через правую кнопку Формат ряда данных…. Справа вылазит панель настроек.

Рассмотрим по порядку.

Боковой зазор – регулирует ширину ящиков и расстояние между ними.

Показывать внутренние точки. Если поставить галочку, то на оси, где расположены «усы», точками будут показаны все значения. Так хорошо видно распределение внутри групп.

Показывать точки выбросов – отражать экстремальные значения.

Выбросы – это точки, выходящие за пределы 1,5 межквартильных размаха.

Показать средние метки – среднее арифметическое (крестики). Стоят по умолчанию, но можно скрыть.

Показать среднюю линию – только для различных категорий. Показывает изменения по категориям.

Если добавить линии, то изменения после эксперимента станут видны еще лучше. В справке написано, что соединяются медианы, но на графике почему-то соединяются средние. Чудеса.

Инклюзивная медиана или эксклюзивная медиана. Инклюзивная медиана включает в «ящик» квартильные значения , а эксклюзивная медиана не включает. При выборе «эксклюзивной медианы» верх и низ «ящика» соответствует средней между квартильным и следующим (от центра) значением. По умолчанию стоит «эксклюзивная». Пусть стоит дальше. Причем тут медиана, вообще не понял, – речь ведь про квартиль. Думал, криво перевели, но в английской версии те же названия. В общем, здесь лучше ничего не менять.

Своевременное использование диаграммы «ящик-усы» может дать весьма ценную и наглядную информацию. Аналитику, который использует специализированные программы или трудоемкие настройки Excel, будет очень приятно иметь такую диаграмму под рукой.

Как показано в ролике ниже, все делается очень быстро и просто.

Источник

Excel Box Plot (Table of Contents)

• What is a Box Plot?
• How to Create Box Plot in Excel?

Introduction to Box Plot in Excel

If you are a statistic geek, you often might come up with a situation where you need to represent all the 5 important descriptive statistics which can be helpful in getting an idea about the spread of the data (namely minimum value, first quartile, median, third quartile and maximum) in a single pictorial representation or in a single chart which is called as Box and Whisker Plot. For example, the first quartile, median, and third quartile will be represented under a box, and whiskers give you minimum and maximum values for the given set of data. Box and Whisker Plot is an added graph option in Excel 2016 and above. However, previous versions of Excel do not have it built-in. In this article, we are about to see how a Box-Whisker plot can be formatted under Excel 2016.

What is a Box Plot?

In statistics, a five-number summary of Minimum Value, First Quartile, Median, Last Quartile, and Maximum value is something we want to know in order to have a better idea about the spread of the data given. This five value summary is visually plotted to make the spread of data more visible to the users. The graph on which statistician plot these values is called a Box and Whisker plot. The box consists of First Quartile, Median and Third Quartile values, whereas the Whiskers are for Minimum and Maximum values on both sides of the box respectively. This Chart was invented by John Tuckey in the 1970s and has recently been included in all the Excel versions of 2016 and above.

We will see how a box plot can be configured under Excel.

How to Create Box Plot in Excel?

Box Plot in Excel is very simple and easy. Let’s understand how to create the Box Plot in Excel with some examples.

You can download this Box Plot Excel Template here – Box Plot Excel Template

Example #1 – Box Plot in Excel

Suppose we have data as shown below, which specifies the number of units we sold of a product month-wise for years 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

Step 1: Select the data and navigate to the Insert option in the Excel ribbon. You will have several graphical options under the Charts section.

Step 2: Select the Box and Whisker option, which specifies the Box and Whisker plot.

Right-click on the chart, select the Format Data Series option, then select the Show inner points option. You can see a Box and Whisker plot as shown below.

Example #2 – Box and Whisker Plot in Excel

In this example, we will plot the Box and Whisker plot using the five-number summary that we have discussed earlier.

Step 1: Compute the Minimum Maximum and Quarter values. MIN function allows you to give your Minimum value; MEDIAN will provide you the median Quarter.INC allows us to compute the quarter values, and MAX allows us to calculate the maximum value for the given data. See the screenshot below for five-number summary statistics.

Step 2: Now, since we are about to use the stack chart and modify it into a box and whisker plot, we need each statistic as a difference from its subsequent statistic. Therefore, we use the differences between Q1 – Minimum and Maximum – Q3 as Whiskers. Q1, Q2-Q1, Q3-Q2 (Interquartile ranges) as Box. And combine together, it will form a Box-Whisker Plot.

Step 3: Now, we are about to add the boxes as the first part of this plot. Select the data from B24:D26 for boxes (remember Q1 – Minimum and Maximum – Q3 are for the Whiskers?)

Step 4: Go to the Insert tab on the excel ribbon and navigate to Recommended Charts under the Charts section.

Step 5: Inside Insert Chart window > All Charts > navigate to Column Charts and select the second option, which specifies the Stack Column Chart and click OK.

This is how it looks.

Step 6: Now, we need to add whiskers. I will start with the lower whisker first. Select the stack chart portion, which represents the Q1 (Blue bar) > Click on Plus Sign > Select Error Bars > Navigate to More Options… dropdown under Error Bars.

Step 7: As soon as you click on More Options… Format Error Bars menu will appear > Error Bar Options > Direction : Minus Radio Button (since we are adding the lower whisker) > End Style : Cap radio button > Error Amount : Custom > Select Specify Value.

It opens up a window within which specifies the lower whisker values (Q1 – Minimum B23:D23) under Negative Error Value and Click OK.

Step 8: Do the same for the upper Whiskers. Select the gray bar (Q3-Median bar); instead of selecting Direction as Minus, use Plus and add the values of Maximum – Q3, i.e. B27:D27, under the Positive Error Values box.

It opens up a window within which specifies the lower whisker values (Q3 – Maximum B27:D27) under Positive Error Value and Click OK.

The Graph now should look like the screenshot below:

Step 9: Remove the bars associated with Q1 – Minimum. Select the Bars > Format Data Series > Fill & Line > No Fill. This will remove the lower part as it is not useful in the Box-Whisker plot and just added initially because we want to plot the stack bar chart as a first step.

Step 10: Select the Orange bar (Median – Q1) > Format Data Series > Fill & Line > No fill under Fill section > Solid line under Border section > Color > Black. This will remove the colors from the bars and represent them just as outline boxes.

Follow the same procedure for the gray bar (Maximum – Q3) to remove the color from it and represent it as a solid line bar. The plot should look like the one in the screenshot below:

This is how we can create Box-Whisker Plot under any version of Excel. If you have Excel 2016 and above, you anyway have the direct chart option for the Box-Whisker plot. Let’s end this article with some points to be remembered.

Things to Remember

• Box plot gives an idea about the spread/distribution of the dataset with the help of a five-number statistical summary which consists of Minimum, First Quarter, Median/Second Quarter, Third Quarter, Maximum.
• Whiskers are nothing but the boundaries, which are distances of minimum and maximum from first and third quarters, respectively.
• Whiskers are useful to detect outliers. Anything point lying outside the whiskers is considered an outlier.

Recommended Articles

This is a guide to Box Plot in Excel. Here we discuss how to create a Box Plot in Excel along with practical examples and a downloadable excel template. You can also go through our other suggested articles –

1. Plots in Excel 
2. Box and Whisker Plot in Excel
3. Dot Plots in Excel
4. 3D Scatter Plot in Excel