Bedlam the word often used by us in everyday life has an unusual history

In England during the 17th and 18th centuries, one of the most terrifying places in which one could find themselves trapped was Bethlem Royal Hospital. This place has gained a sinister reputation which has cast a pall over asylums and mental institutions almost to this day. But what exactly was so memorable about the infamous institute that came to be known as Bedlam? How long has it really been around? Find out the answers to these questions and more below.

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Bedlam  Facts

42. Quite a Mouthful

Bethlem was founded in 1247 in the city of London. It was originally named the Priory of the New Order of Our Lady of Bethlehem. We can see why it isn’t known by its original name!

41. Ancient Institution

Bethlem is the “oldest extant psychiatric hospital” in European history—it has been open on a continuous basis for more than six centuries!

40. Let’s Try Doing Some Good

As the 13th century continued on, Bethlem became a hospital in all but name, providing care to poor people. It was also an institution of hospitality for visiting bishops and monks belonging to the order of Bethlehem.

39. Please Accept this Gift

The land upon which Bethlem originally stood was given as a donation by Simon FitzMary. FitzMary had been the Sheriff of London and also served as an alderman (a public official). After a career in politics had left him wealthy, FitzMary wanted to give some of that wealth to the Church. We shudder to think how he would have reacted to how his gift of property was used!

38. An Asylum by Any Other Name

The word “Bethlem” originated from the original name being shortened by the London population. It would also be pronounced “Bedlam,” which is how it is most often named within the zeitgeist.

37. It was Utter Bedlam!

The nickname “Bedlam” began being used as early as the Middle Ages. By the Jacobean era (the late 16th century to the early 17th century), the word “bedlam” was also being used colloquially to describe chaos or an uproar.

36. Recycling Settings

The original location of the hospital is now occupied by Liverpool Street Station.

35. Gross…

By the 17th century, the original building of Bethlem Hospital was falling apart. To make matters worse, the building stood over a sewer which frequently overflowed (we won’t elaborate on that any further). This building was replaced by the more iconic structure that is associated with Bethlem.

34. Please Gamble Responsibly

Artist William Hogarth was one of many people to portray Bethlem, and not in a positive light. Hogarth’s series of artworks titled “A Rake’s Progress” consisted of eight paintings following the downfall of a man named Tom Rakewell. The paintings portray Rakewell inheriting a fortune, gambling it away, and ending his journey as a patient of Bethlem.

33. Abandon All Hope Ye Who Enter Here

Those familiar with the classic look of Bethlem’s building in the 17th century might know that the entrance was famously “flanked by two human sculptures wracked with suffering named ‘Melancholy’ and ‘Raving Madness.’” It wasn’t the most pleasant way to welcome people, but then again, it wasn’t exactly a leisure center they built!

32. Thanks a Lot, Erasmus!

One man who contributed to the torturous “therapy” provided at Bethlem was Erasmus Darwin, the grandfather of Charles Darwin. He came up with “rotational therapy,” which involved patients sitting in a chair which is suspended in the air. The doctor then orders the chair to be spun however quickly or slowly as he insisted. As you can imagine, this would often lead to intense vertigo and vomiting. This was done in a time when vomiting was seen as “therapeutic.”

31. The Mountain that Reads

Oliver Cromwell himself has a connection to Bethlem. A porter who worked for him—whom we know only as Daniel—became one of the most famous patients in Bethlem of his time. One thing which made Daniel literally stand out from the crowd was his incredible height of 7’6”! While this would have made Daniel a highly valued basketball player today, he had to be satisfied with a personal library to accommodate his tall frame. This boon was carried out under orders from Cromwell himself.

30. Saw it Coming

As a patient of Bethlem, Daniel the ex-porter became known for more than just being tall, however—he was also a supposed prophet. He is said to have predicted the 1666 Great Fire of London, as well as the outbreak of plague which had ravaged the city preceding the fire.

29. Hurray for Violent Fanatics

The original intention of Bethlem was to be a center where donations could be collected to support the Crusades which were going on at the time. So even when it began, Bethlem was serving some form of horrifying madness.

28. Is that Ironic?

One of the more unlikely patients of Bethlem was Augustus Pugin. Pugin was previously an architect who designed parts of the Palace of Westminster, where the British Parliament meets, including the iconic Elizabeth Tower that holds Big Ben. Is there something fitting about politicians meeting in a room built by a madman?

27. Where’s the Pit or the Pendulum?

It’s been established that Bethlem began to take in people classified as “insane” in the year 1377. Very little information remains to reveal how these early patients were treated. One record from 1403 notes Bethlem’s use of “four pairs of manacles, 11 chains, six locks and two pairs of stocks.” It’s guesswork as to how these tools were utilized, but given that it’s the Middle Ages we’re talking about, it can’t be anything good.

26. We’re Moving!

Bethlem was relocated yet again in 1930, with the former hospital becoming the Imperial War Museum in 1936. The hospital moved to the suburb of Monk’s Orchard, where it remains to this day.

25. Replacing the Church with the State

Bethlem was run and organized by the Catholic Church in the 13th century. However, in 1346, the hospital was teetering on its last legs. As a result, the institution was taken over by the City of London.

24. Cruel History

Most patients in Bethlem were people from poor backgrounds. They often suffered from some form of intellectual disability, and they were usually abandoned by their families.

23. The First of Many

The first example of Bethlem’s long history with scandal and criminal activity occurred in 1403. Peter Taverner had been serving as the hospital treasurer until he “was found guilty of embezzlement and theft of hospital property.” Way to start a positive trend, Peter.

22. Fleeing the Germans

During the Second World War, all the staff and patients of Bethlem were relocated from London to the English countryside, along with so many other people dealing with the London Blitz.

21. Regicide and Infanticide

Some of the patients who were kept in Bethlem were taken there after they had either attempted or completed especially sinister forms of homicide. These included attempts to kill the members of the royal family or people who had killed their own family members, such as one’s own children.

20. Nothing to Rejoice About

1997 was the 750th anniversary of Bethlem, and it was suggested by the hospital administration that such an occasion should be celebrated. As you can imagine, this drew immense criticism, especially from survivors of abusive mental institutions. It was historian Roy Porter who denounced Bethlem as nothing to celebrate, saying that it was “a symbol for man’s inhumanity to man, for callousness and cruelty.” We couldn’t have said it better ourselves.

19. Hired by the Father, Fired by the Son

In 1619, King James I of England arranged for Helkiah Crooke to be made the keeper-physician of Bethlem Royal Hospital. Unlike the previous men who had held that position, Crooke was the younger brother of a baron and a highly educated man. Not only had he graduated from Cambridge, he’d written a book on anatomy which was highly successful in its time. Crooke, however, lived up to his name when a 1632 investigation launched by James’s own son, King Charles I, found the keeper-physician guilty of neglecting Bethlem’s patients and embezzling the funds and goods donated to the hospital. Crooke was promptly dismissed thanks to this investigation. You see that, Oliver Cromwell? Charles I did at least one thing right!

18. Lights, Camera, Action!

In 1946, a horror B film titled Bedlam was released, based on the painting series “Rake’s Downfall” by William Hogarth (remember those?). The film starred Boris Karloff (famously known as the actor who played Frankenstein’s monster) and Anna Lee.

17. Check his Credentials

The second version of Bethlem was designed by Robert Hooke. Hooke is also known to history as being the assistant to Christopher Wren, whom you might remember was the architect who helped rebuild London after the Great Fire. Curiously, it was one of the grandest buildings in all of London at the time it was built.

16. Tom o’ Bedlams

In 1601, the British government passed an act declaring that parishes would only look after people who were physically or mentally incapable of work. As a result, some beggars would pretend to be mad to get into Bethlem rather than a workhouse. To be honest, we don’t want to know how bad the workhouses were if Bethlem was preferable!

15. Stay Away, Sick People

From the 18th to the 19th century, generations of the Monro family would provide physicians to run the treatments imposed on the patients of Bethlem. These treatments famously included starvation, beatings, forced immersions in cold water, and solitary confinement for inhuman stretches of time. Things got so bad for the patients that Bethlem would actually turn potential patients away because it was feared that they would be unable to endure the treatments. This was still known as a hospital, right?

14. Not Just for Madmen

Women were far from exempted the horrors of Bethlem. In fact, they didn’t have to be insane to be eligible. Bethlem proved a means to lock up women for all kinds of reasons that went beyond any kind of disability.

13. Haunting Past

From 1846 to 1858, Bethlem patients were photographed by Henry Hering. Hering took these pictures as part of a study in mental health. Many of the patients’ names are lost to history, leaving just their images on old photographs which immortalized them. The especially tragic part is that, at this time in history, the subjects might not even have been aware that their images were being preserved for antiquity.

12. Only a Madman Would Try to Kill the Mad King!

James Hadfield and Bannister Truelock (easily one of the coolest names we’ve ever heard in our lives) were two men who plotted to kill George III of England. However, both men were found to be insane and thus were not prosecuted as murderers. They were both committed to Bethlem by reason of their insanity.

11. Thanks to Tom and Bill

One reason why the word “bedlam” became used in everyday speech was due to the 17th-century art world’s interest in portraying Bethlem or similar asylums. When it comes to the world of theatre, a prominent example of the above situation was The Changeling, the celebrated tragedy by Thomas Middleton and William Rowley. The play includes a comedic subplot which takes place which takes place in an asylum based on Bethlem.

10. What a Woman!

The Changeling wasn’t the only connection that playwright Thomas Middleton had with Bethlem. In 1611, he and collaborator Thomas Dekker published the quarto for their play The Roaring Girl. This play was a fictional account of Mary “Moll Cutpurse” Frith. Frith was a well-known thief in London who shocked her society by dressing in men’s clothes and smoking tobacco (she’s been occasionally called the “first female smoker of England”). It’s also known that she spent time in Bethlem until her release in 1644. She would live another fifteen years after that, dying in 1659 of dropsy.

9. Remembering Chris

Fifteen-year-old Chris Brennan lost his life at Bethlem hospital in 2014 when he succumbed to asphyxiation. Brennan had previously inflicted self-harm several times. The hospital itself was accused of failing to provide sufficient care plans or properly utilize risk assessment in Brennan’s care. For their part, the hospital took action to combat the “staffing problems and low morale” which they found played a part in Brennan’s passing.

8. Modern Tragedy

In 2010, Bethlem’s medical staff and British police came under fire when Olaseni Lewis was killed due to imposed restraints. The inquest found fault with the excessive force exhibited by the police in attendance and also blamed the medical staff’s failure to intervene and help Lewis when he lost consciousness.

7. Art Born from Madness

One of the most famous cases of a murderer being kept in Bethlem was Richard Dadd. In a rather chillingly ironic case, given his surname, Dadd was committed to Bethlem after he stabbed his father to death, convinced that his father was actually the Devil. Dadd would spend much of his life as a patient in Bethlem and Broadmoor hospitals. During that time, he created several paintings now considered to be classics.

6. It’s Like Disneyworld but for Sadists

The most shocking aspect of Bethlem was how the hospital ran tours of their patients which were open to the general public in the 17th century. The patients were treated like abused animals in a zoo, even as their plight was exploited so ruthlessly that the money made on the tours made up a significant portion of Bethlem’s budget.

5. This is Why Archaeologists Drink

With all that torturous treatment, Bethlem’s patients had a very high mortality rate. The full extent of it was not truly realized until the new Crossrail system was under construction in London. Digging into the ground on Liverpool Street uncovered literally hundreds of skeletons belonging to patients who had been quickly disposed of by Bethlem’s staff.

4. Sinister Doctor

The apathy of families abandoning their relatives to a hellish existence in Bethlem led to a new form of exploitation. From the 1700s to the 1800s, there was a marked increase in the dissection of bodies to learn more about human anatomy. In the 1790s, Bethlem’s chief surgeon was Bryan Crowther, a man who saw opportunity in the search for corpses to study. Crowther would dissect Bethlem’s dead patients in the name of medical science, believing that he would be able to find a difference in the brains of his mentally ill patients, compared to “normal” people. Of course, he did these operations without any kind of consent or legal right.

3. The Mad Ruling the Mad

John Haslam was one of the most sinister figures in the history of Bethlem, and it was while he was the head of management that the institution sunk to a new low in depravity. While Bryan Crowther (remember him?) was conducting illegal dissections as chief surgeon, Haslam used various tortures against the patients. He was adamant that the first step to curing the patients was breaking their wills first. It honestly makes us wonder how insane Haslam himself must have been to believe that even after he failed to actually cure anyone in Bethlem!

2. This Must End

Haslam and Crowther were finally stopped thanks to the efforts of philanthropist Edward Wakefield in 1814. Defying all attempts to keep him away, Wakefield forced his way into Bethlem after bringing along a member of the British parliament. Horrified by the depraved conditions, Wakefield petitioned for something to be done. This led to a long inquiry which ended with Haslam and Crowther being removed from their positions (to say the least).

1. Inhuman Conditions

Among the observations made by Edward Wakefield upon his 1814 visit to Bethlem, one of the worst ones was the example of James Norris. Norris, an American Marine, had been sent to Bethlem on the 1st of February 1800. When Wakefield met him in Bethlem’s “incurable wing,” Norris’ arms were pinned to his sides by iron bars. He was also kept chained to the wall by his neck. This fifty-five-year-old man had been continuously kept in this position for “more than twelve years.” No wonder Wakefield was horrified.

Sources: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Vocabulary

2. Fill in the missing word. There are two words you do not need to use.

1. The heavy rain caused the driver to lose control of his car and crash into a tree.

2. What started out as a light breeze soon became a very strong wind.

3. The well-trained lifeguard was able to rescue the drowning swimmer and quickly bring him to safety.

4. The lead actor felt under the  weather and Daniel was asked to replace him in the school play.

5. The big earthquake caused many buildings to collapse and people were left homeless.

6. When the avalanche hit the area, dozens of people were snowed in for many hours.

7. Cars and factories produce toxic fumes that harm the environment.

8. A terrible flood caused by three days of continuous rain has destroyed many houses inthe small fishing village.

9. drought will occur in an area when it hasn’t rained for an unusually long period of time.

10. The terrible fire left dozens of buildings in ruins

Task 1 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Fire Crews Hunt Escaped Hamster

Eight firefighters have been called in to help find an escaped hamster. Two crews used a chocolate-covered camera and a vacuum cleaner A ____ , called Fudgie, at the home of a six-year-old girl in Dunbar, Scotland.

The girl’s mother said: ‘We came down for breakfast and discovered Fudgie had opened the top lid of her cage and had made her way into the kitchen and we think she has gone В ____ .’

The fire crews spent five hours trying to recover the pet after it ran down a hole in the kitchen floor. But, the hamster still refused С ____ .

In the search for Fudgie, the firefighters took the family cooker and gas pipes apart. They also dropped a mini-camera coated with chocolate under the floorboards. They then hoped to take out the hamster using a vacuum cleaner. Despite all their efforts, they failed to find Fudgie.

In the end, the firefighters put another camera down the hole D ____ , connected to the screen of the family home computer, to see if Fudgie appeared. Besides, the girl and her parents regularly dropped food E ____ .

At last, after eight days the hamster returned to her cage safe and sound. She crawled from the hole in the kitchen floor early in the morning. It was the girl’s father who first found Fudgie F ____ .

The girl said that day it was like Christmas morning for her. Her parents added that they too felt extremely happy when Fudgie had finally returned.

1. through a small hole in the floor

2. through the hole for the hamster

3. and locked the runaway hamster

4. to come out of the hole

5. to look after the pet

6. to try and locate the missing hamster

7. and left it under the floorboards

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	1	4	7	2	3

Task 2

Speed of eating is ‘key to obesity’

If you eat very quickly, it may be enough to increase your risk of being overweight, research suggests.

Osaka University scientists looked at the eating habits of 3,000 people. Just about half of them told researchers that they A ______ . Compared with those who did not eat quickly, fast-eating men were 84% more likely to be overweight, and women were 100% more likely to В ______ .

Japanese scientists said that there were a number of reasons why eating fast С ______ . They said it could prevent the work of a signalling system which tells your brain to stop eating because your stomach is full. They said: ‘If you eat quickly you basically fill your stomach before the system has a chance to react, so you D _____ .

The researchers also explained that a mechanism that helps make us fat today, developed with evolution and helped people get more food in the periods when they were short of it. The scientists added that the habit of eating fast could be received from one’s parents genes or E ______ .

They said that, if possible, children should be taught to F ______ , and allowed to stop when they felt full up at mealtimes. ‘The advice of our grandmothers about chewing everything 20 times might be true — if you take a bit more time eating, it could have a positive influence on your weight.

1. just overfill your stomach

2. could be bad for your weight

3. have a habit of eating quickly

4. linked to obesity

5. eat as slowly as possible

6. put on weight

7. learned at a very early age

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	2	1	7	5

Task 3

Hi-Tech Brings Families Together 

Technology is helping families stay in touch like never before, says a report carried out in the US.

Instead of driving people apart, mobile phones and the Internet are A ____ . The research looked at the differences in technology use between families with children and single adults. It found that traditional families have more hi-tech gadgets in their home В ____ . Several mobile phones were found in 89% of families and 66% had a high-speed Internet connection. The research also found that 58% of families have more С ____ .

Many people use their mobile phone to keep in touch and communicate with parents and children. Seventy percent of couples, D ____ , use it every day to chat or say hello. In addition, it was found that 42% of parents contact their children via their mobile every day.

The growing use of mobile phones, computers and the Internet means that families no longer gather round the TV to spend time together. 25% of those who took part in the report said they now spend less time E ____ . Only 58% of 18—29 year olds said they watched TV every day. Instead the research found that 52% of Internet users who live with their families go online F ____ several times a week and 51% of parents browse the web with their children.

Some analysts have worried that new technologies hurt families, but we see that technology allows for new kinds of connectedness built around cell phones and the Internet/ said the report.

1. than any other group

2. watching television

3. in the company of someone else

4. than two computers in the home

5. communicated with their families

6. helping them communicate

7. owning a mobile

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	1	4	7	2	3

Task 4

The Power of ‘Hello’ 

I work at a company where there are hundreds of employees. I know most of them and almost all of them know me. It is all based on one simple principle: I believe every single person deserves to be acknowledged, A ______ .

When I was about 10 years old, I was walking down the street with my mother. She stopped to speak to Mr. Lee. I knew I could see Mr. Lee any time around the neighborhood, В ______ .

After we passed Mr. Lee, my mother said something that has stuck with me from that day until now. She said, ‘You let that be the last time you ever walk by somebody and not open up your mouth to speak, because even a dog can wag its tail С______ . That phrase sounds simple, but it has been a guidepost for me and the foundation of who I am. I started to see that when I spoke to someone, they spoke back. And that felt good. It is not just something I believe in — D ______ . I believe that every person deserves to feel someone acknowledges their presence, no matter how unimportant they may be.

At work, I always used to say ‘hello’ to the founder of the company and ask him how our business was doing. But I was also speaking to the people in the cafe, and asked how their children were doing. I remembered after a few years of passing by the founder, I had the courage to ask him for a meeting. We had a great talk.

At a certain point, I asked him E ______ . He said, ‘If you want to, you can get all the way to this seat.’ I have become vice president, but that has not changed the way I approach people. I speak to everyone I see, no matter where I am. I have learned that speaking to people creates a pathway into their world, F ______ .

1. it has become a way of life.

2. when it passes you on the street.

3. when you see him and talk to him.

4. and it lets them come into mine, too.

5. so I did not pay any attention to him.

6. however small or simple the greeting is.

7. how far he thought I could go in his company.

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	5	2	1	7	4

Task 5

Friendship and Love

 A strong friendship takes a significant amount of time to develop. It will not just magically mature overnight. A friendship involves committing oneself to help another person A ______ . I believe that, nothing can replace a true friend, not material objects, or money, and definitely not a boy.

I met this guy a couple summers ago who I ended up spending almost all of my free time with. His parents did not approve of our dating because of our age difference, В ______ . He had told me the day we met that he had joined the air force and would leave for overseas that coming October. After three months had past, the time came when he had to leave. This left me feeling completely alone.

I turned to my friends for support, but to my surprise, С ______ . I had spent so much time with this guy and so little time with them, that they did not feel sorry for me when he left. For so long they had become the only constant in my life, and I had taken them for granted over something D ______ .

When my boyfriend came back, our relationship changed. I tried to fix all the aspects in my life that had gone so wrong in the previous six months.

This experience taught me that true friendships will only survive if one puts forth effort to make them last. Keeping friends close will guarantee that E ______ . When a relationship falls apart, a friend will always do everything in their power to make everything less painful. As for me, I try to keep my friends as close as I can. I know they will always support me in whatever I do, and to them, I F ______ .

1. but we did anyway.

2. whenever a need arises.

3. they did not really care.

4. whenever they need your help.

5. could not guarantee would even last.

6. am eternally grateful for a second chance.

7. someone will always have a shoulder to cry on.

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	1	3	5	7	6

Task 6

Mobile phones

 On New Year’s Day, 1985, Michael Harrison phoned his father, Sir Ernest, to wish him a happy new year. Sir Ernest was chairman of Racal Electronics, the owner of Vodafone, A ______ .

At the time, mobile phones weighed almost a kilogram, cost several thousand pounds and provided only 20 minutes talktime. The networks themselves were small; Vodafone had just a dozen masts covering London. Nobody had any idea of the huge potential of wireless communication and the dramatic impact В ______ .

Hardly anyone believed there would come a day when mobile phones were so popular С ______ .But in 1999 one mobile phone was sold in the UK every four seconds, and by 2004 there were more mobile phones in the UK than people. The boom was a result of increased competition which pushed prices lower and created innovations in the way that mobiles were sold.

When the government introduced more competition, companies started cutting prices to attract more customers. Cellnet, for example, changed its prices, D ______ . It also introduced local call tariffs.

The way that handsets themselves were marketed was also changing and it was Finland’s Nokia who made E ______ . In the late 1990s Nokia realized that the mobile phone was a fashion item: so it offered interchangeable covers which allowed you to customize and personalize your handset.

The mobile phone industry has spent the later part of the past decade reducing its monthly charge F ______ , which has culminated in the fight between the iPhone and a succession of touch screen rivals.

1. trying to persuade people to do more with their phones than just call and text

2. that there would be more phones in the UK than there are people

3. and relying instead on actual call charges

4. that mobile phones would have over the next quarter century

5. the leap from phones as technology to phones as fashion items

6. and his son was making the first-ever mobile phone call in the UK

7. the move to digital technology, connecting machines to wireless networks

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	4	2	1	5	3

Task 7

London Zoo

 London Zoo is one of the most important zoos in the world. There are over 12,000 animals at London Zoo and A ______ ! Its main concern is to breed threatened animals in captivity. This means we might be able to restock the wild, should disaster ever befall the wild population.

Partula Snail, Red Crowned Crane, Arabian Oryx, Golden Lion Tamarin, Persian Leopard, Asiatic Lion and Sumatran Tiger are just some of the species London Zoo is helping to save.

That is why it is so important that we fight to preserve the habitats that these animals live in, as well as eliminate other dangers В ______ . But we aim to make your day at London Zoo a fun and memorable time, С ______ .

In the Ambika Paul Children’s Zoo, for instance, youngsters can learn a new love and appreciation for animals D ______ . They can also learn how to care for favourite pets in the Pet Care Centre.

Then there are numerous special Highlight events E ______ unforgettable pony rides to feeding times and spectacular animal displays. You will get to meet keepers and ask them what you are interested in about the animals they care for, F ______ .

Whatever you decide, you will have a great day. We have left no stone unturned to make sure you do!

1. such as hunting exotic animals and selling furs

2. as well as the ins and outs of being a keeper at London Zoo

3. which take place every day, from

4. because they see and touch them close up 

5. despite the serious side to our work

6. which demand much time and effort

7. that is not counting every ant in the colony

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	1	5	4	3	2

Task 8

‘Second Stonehenge’ discovered near original

 Archaeologists have discovered evidence of what they believe was a second Stonehenge located a little more than a mile away from the world-famous prehistoric monument.

The new find on the west bank of the river Avon has been called «Bluestonehenge», after the colour of the 25 Welsh stones of A______.

Excavations at the site have suggested there was once a stone circle 10 metres in diameter and surrounded by a henge — a ditch with an external bank, according to the project director, Professor Mike Parker Pearson, of the University of Sheffield.

The stones at the site were removed thousands of years ago but the sizes of the holes in B ______ indicate that this was a circle of bluestones, brought from the Preseli mountains of Wales, 150 miles away.

The standing stones marked the end of the avenue C _____, a 1¾-mile long processional route constructed at the end of the Stone Age. The outer henge around the stones was built about 2400BC but arrowheads found in the stone circle indicate the stones were put up as much as 500 years earlier.

Parker Pearson said his team was waiting for results of radiocarbon dating D _____ whether stones currently in the inner circle of Stonehenge were originally located at the other riverside construction.

Pearson said: «The big, big question is when these stones were erected and when they were removed — and when we get the dating evidence we can answer both those questions.»

He added: «We speculated in the past E ______ at the end of the avenue near the river. But we were completely unprepared to discover that there was an entire stone circle. Another team member, Professor Julian Thomas, said the discovery indicated F______was central to the religious lives of the people who built Stonehenge. «Old theories about Stonehenge that do not explain the evident significance of the river will have to be rethought,» he said. Dr Josh Pollard, project co-director from the University of Bristol, described the discovery as «incredible».

1. which could reveal

2. which they stood

3. which it was once made up

4. that this stretch of the river Avon

5. that there might have been something

6. that it should be considered as integral part

7. that leads from the river Avon to Stonehenge

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	2	7	1	5	4

Task 9

Australia

 Australia was the last great landmass to be discovered by the Europeans. The continent they eventually discovered had already been inhabited for tens of thousands of years.

Australia is an island continent A _____ is the result of gradual changes wrought over millions of years.

B ____, Australia is one of the most stable land masses, and for about 100 million years has been free of the forces that have given rise to huge mountain ranges elsewhere.

From the east coast a narrow, fertile strip merges into the greatly eroded Great Dividing Range, C ____.

The mountains are merely reminders of the mighty range, D ____. Only in the section straddling the New South Wales border with Victoria and in Tasmania, are they high enough to have winter snow.

West of the range of the country becomes increasingly flat and dry. The endless flatness is broken only by salt lakes, occasional mysterious protuberances and some mountains E ____. In places the scant vegetation is sufficient to allow some grazing. However, much of the Australian outback is a barren land of harsh stone deserts and dry lakes.

The extreme north of Australia, the Top End, is a tropical area within the monsoon belt. F ____, it comes in more or less one short, sharp burst. This has prevented the Top End from becoming seriously productive area.

1. that once stood here

2. that is almost continent long

3. whose property is situated to the north of Tasmania

4. whose landscape — much of bleak and inhospitable

5. whose beauty reminds of the MacDonald Ranges

6. Although its annual rainfall looks adequate on paper

7. Although there is still seismic activity in the eastern highland area

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	7	2	1	5	6

Task 10

Scotland Yard

 Scotland Yard is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police in London. To most people, its name immediately brings to mind the picture of a detective — cool, efficient, ready to track down any criminal, or a helmeted police constable — A____ and trusty helper of every traveller from overseas.

Scotland Yard is situated on the Thames Embankment close to the Houses of Parliament and the familiar clock tower of Big Ben, and its jurisdiction extends over 740 square miles with the exception of the ancient City of London, B____.

One of the most successful developments in Scotland Yard’s crime detection and emergency service has been the “999 system”. On receipt of a call the 999 Room operator ascertains by electronic device the position of the nearest available police car, C ____. Almost instantly a message is also sent by teleprinter to the police station concerned so that within seconds of a call for assistance being received, a police car is on its way to the scene. An old-established section of the Metropolitan police is the Mounted Branch, with its strength of about 200 horses stabled at strategic points. These horses are particularly suited to ceremonial occasions, D ____.

An interesting branch of Scotland Yard is the branch of Police Dogs, first used as an experiment in 1939. Now these dogs are an important part of the Force. One dog, for example, can search a warehouse in ten minutes, E ____.

There is also the River Police, or Thames Division, which deals with all crimes occurring within its river boundaries.

There are two other departments of Scotland Yard – the Witness Room (known as the Rogues’ Gallery) where a photographic record of known and suspected criminals is kept, and the Museum, F ____.

1. which is contacted by radio

2. that familiar figure of the London scene

3. for they are accustomed to military bands

4. which possesses its own separate police force

5. which contains murder relics and forgery exhibits

6. that this policeman will bring the criminal to justice

7. whereas the same search would take six men an hour

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	4	1	3	7	5

Task 11

Harry Potter course for university students 

Students of Durham University are being given the chance to sign up to what is thought to be the UK’s first course focusing on the world of Harry Potter. Although every English-speaking person in the world knows about Harry Potter books and films, few have thought of using them as a guide to … modern life.

The Durham University module uses the works of JK Rowling A ______ modern society. “Harry Potter and the Age of Illusion” will be available for study next year. So far about 80 undergraduates have signed В ______ a BA degree in Education Studies. Future educationalists will analyse JK Rowling’s fanfiction from various points of view.

A university spokesman said: “This module places the Harry Potter novels in a wider social and cultural context.” He added that a number of themes would be explored, С ______ the classroom, bullying, friendship and solidarity and the ideals of and good citizenship.

The module was created by the head of the Department of Education at Durham University. He said the idea for the new module had appeared in response D ______ body: “It seeks to place the series in its wider social and cultural context and will explore some fundamental issues E ______ . You just need to read the academic writing which started F ______ that Harry Potter is worthy of serious study.”

1. up for the optional module, part of

2. to emerge four or five years ago to see

3. to examine prejudice, citizenship and bullying in

4. such as the response of the writer

5. including the world of rituals, prejudice and intolerance in

6. to growing demand from the student

7. such as the moral universe of the school

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	1	5	6	7	2

Task 12

Laughing and evolution

 The first hoots of laughter from an ancient ancestor of humans could be heard at least 10 million years ago, according to the results of a new study. Researchers used recordings of apes and babies being tickled A ______ to the last common ancestor that humans shared with the modern great apes, which include chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans.

The finding challenges the opinion В ______ , suggesting instead that it emerged long before humans split from the evolutionary path that led to our primate cousins, between 10m and 16m years ago.

“In humans, laughing can be the strongest way of expressing how much we are enjoying ourselves, but it can also be used in other contexts, like making fun of someone,” said Marina Davila Ross, a psychologist at Portsmouth University. “I was interested in С ______ .”

Davila Ross travelled to seven zoos around Europe and visited a wildlife reserve in Sabah, Borneo, to record baby and juvenile apes D ______ . Great apes are known to make noises that are similar to laughter when they are excited and while they are playing with each other.

Davila Ross collected recordings of laughter from 21 chimps, gorillas, orangutans and bonobos and added recordings of three babies that were tickled to make them laugh.

To analyze the recordings, the team put them into a computer program. “Our evolutionary tree based on these acoustic recordings alone showed E ______ , but furthest from orangutans, with gorillas somewhere in the middle.” said Davila Ross. “What this shows is strong evidence to suggest F ______ .”

1. whether laughing emerged earlier on than humans did

2. to create the evolutionary tree linking humans and apes

3. that laughter is a uniquely human trait

4. that humans were closest to chimps and bonobos

5. that laughing comes from a common primate ancestor

6. while their caretakers tickled them

7. to trace the origin of laughter back

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	3	1	6	4	5

Task 13

Nenets culture affected by global warming

 For 1,000 years the indigenous Nenets people have migrated along the 450-mile- long Yamal peninsula in northern Russia. In summer they wander northwards, taking their reindeer with them. In winter they return southwards.

But this remote region of north-west Siberia is now being affected by global warming. Traditionally the Nenets travel across the frozen River Ob in November A ___ around Nadym. These days, though, this annual winter migration is delayed. Last year the Nenets, together with many thousands of reindeer, had to wait until late December В ____ .

“Our reindeer were hungry. There wasn’t enough food,” Jakov Japtik, a Nenets reindeer herder, said. “The snow is melting sooner, quicker and faster than before. In spring it’s difficult for the reindeer to pull the sledges. They get tired,” Japtik said.

Herders say that the peninsula’s weather is increasingly unpredictable — with unseasonal snowstorms  С ___, and milder longer autumns. In winter, temperatures used to go down to -50°C. Now they are normally around -30°C, according to Japtik. “Obviously we prefer -30°C. But the changes aren’t good for the reindeer D ___,” he said, setting off on his sledge to round up his reindeer herd.

Even here, in one of the most remote parts of the planet, E __ . Last year the Nenets arrived at a regular summer camping spot and discovered that half of their lake had disappeared. The water had drained away after a landslide. The Nenets report other curious changes — there are fewer mosquitoes and a strange increase in flies. Scientists say there is unmistakable evidence F ___ .

1. when the ice was finally thick enough to cross

2. that the impact on Russia would be disastrous

3. the environment is under pressure

4. and in the end what is good for the reindeer is good for us

5. and set up their camps in the southern forests

6. that Yamal’s ancient permafrost is melting

7. when the reindeer give birth in May

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	1	7	4	3	6

Task 14

Duration of life and its social implications

The world’s population is about to reach a landmark of huge social and economic importance, when the proportion of the global population over 65 outnumbers children under 5 for the first time. A new report by the US census bureau shows A____ , with enormous consequences for both rich and poor nations.

The rate of growth will shoot up in the next couple of years. The В ___ a combination of the high birth rates after the Second World War and more recent improvements in health that are bringing down death rates at older ages. Separate UN forecasts predict that the global population will be more than nine billion by 2050.

The US census bureau was the first to sound the С ___ . Its latest forecasts warn governments and international bodies that this change in population structure will bring widespread challenges at every level of human organization, starting with the structure of the family, which will be transformed as people live longer. This will in turn place new burdens on careers and social services providers, D ___ for health services and pensions systems.

“People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives,” the authors conclude. “This represents one of the greatest achievements of the last century but also a significant challenge E ___ population.”

Ageing will put pressure on societies at all levels. One way of measuring that is to look at the older dependency ratio, F ___ that must be supported by them. The ODR is the number of people aged 65 and over for every 100 people aged 20 to 64. It varies widely, from just six in Kenya to 33 in Italy and Japan. The UK has an ODR of 26, and the US has 21.

1. which recently replaced Italy as the world’s oldest major country

2. alarm about these changes

3. a huge shift towards an ageing population

4. change is due to

5. while patterns of work and retirement will have huge implications

6. which shows the balance between working-age people and the older

7. as proportions of older people increase in most countries

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	4	2	5	7	6

Task 15

Elephants sense ‘danger’ clothes

 St Andrews University researchers discovered that elephants could recognise the degree of danger posed by various groups of individuals. The study found that African elephants always reacted with fear A ______ previously worn by men of the Maasai tribe. They are known to demonstrate their courage by В ______ .

The elephants also responded aggressively to red clothing, which defines traditional Maasai dress.

However, the elephants showed a much milder reaction to clothing previously worn by the Kamba people, С ______ and pose little threat.

The researchers first presented elephants with clean, red clothing and with red clothing that had been worn for five days by D ______ .

They revealed that Maasai-smelt clothing motivated elephants to travel significantly faster in the first minute after they moved away.

They then investigated whether elephants could also use the colour of clothing as a cue to classify a potential threat and found the elephants reacted with aggression E ______ . This suggested that they associated the colour red with the Maasai.

The researchers believe the distinction in the elephants’ emotional reaction to smell and colour might be explained by F ______ . They might be able to distinguish among different human groups according to the level of risk they posed.

«We regard this experiment as just a start to investigating precisely how elephants ‘see the world’, and it may be that their abilities will turn out to equal or exceed those of our closer relatives, the monkeys and apes,» researchers added.

1. either a Maasai or a Kamba man

2. who do not hunt elephants

3. when they detected the smell of clothes

4. who carried out the research

5. the amount of risk they sense

6. spearing elephants

7. when they spotted red but not white cloth

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	2	1	7	5

Task 16

Culture and customs

 In less than twenty years, the mobile telephone has gone from being rare, expensive equipment of the business elite to a pervasive, low-cost personal item. In many countries, mobile telephones A ___ ; in the U.S., 50 per cent of children have mobile telephones. In many young adults’ households it has supplanted the land-line telephone. The mobile phone is В ___ , such as North Korea.

Paul Levinson in his 2004 book Cellphone argues that by looking back through history we can find many precursors to the idea of people simultaneously walking and talking on a mobile phone. Mobile phones are the next extension in portable media, that now can be С ___ into one device. Levinson highlights that as the only mammal to use only two out of our four limbs to walk, we are left two hands free D ___ — like talking on a mobile phone.

Levinson writes that “Intelligence and inventiveness, applied to our need to communicate regardless of where we may be, led logically and eventually to telephones that we E ___ .”

Given the high levels of societal mobile telephone service penetration, it is a key means for people F ___ . The SMS feature spawned the «texting» sub-culture. In December 1993, the first person-to-person SMS text message was transmitted in Finland. Currently, texting is the most widely-used data service; 1.8 billion users generated $80 billion of revenue in 2006.

1. to perform other actions

2. outnumber traditional telephones

3. to communicate with each other 

4. combined with the Internet

5. to serve basic needs

6. banned in some countries

7. carry in our pockets

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	4	1	7	5

Task 17

My Stage

 My family moved to Rockaway, New Jersey in the summer of 1978. It was there that my dreams of stardom began.

I was nine years old. Heather Lambrix lived next door, and she and I became best friends. I thought she was so lucky A ___ . She took tap and jazz and got to wear cool costumes with bright sequences and makeup and perform on stage. I went to all of her recitals and В ___ .

My living room and sometimes the garage were my stage. I belonged to a cast of four, which consisted of Heather, my two younger sisters, Lisa and Faith, and I. Since I was the oldest and the bossiest, I was the director. Heather came with her own costumes С ___ . We choreographed most of our dance numbers as we went along. Poor Faith … we would throw her around D ___ . She was only about four or five … and so agile. We danced around in our bathing suits to audiocassettes and records from all the Broadway musicals. We’d put a small piece of plywood on the living room carpet, E ___ . And I would imitate her in my sneakers on the linoleum in the hall. I was a dancer in the making.

My dad eventually converted a part of our basement into a small theater. He hung two “spotlights” and a sheet for a curtain. We performed dance numbers to tunes like “One” and “The Music and the Mirror” from A Chorus Line. I sang all the songs from Annie. I loved to sing, F ___. I just loved to sing. So I belted out songs like “Tomorrow”, “Maybe” and “What I Did For Love.” I knew then, this is what I wanted to do with my life.

1. like she was a rag doll

2. whether I was good at it or not

3. wished I, too, could be on stage

4. and I designed the rest

5. and I was star struck

6. so Heather could do her tap routine

7. because she got to go to dance lessons

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	3	4	1	6	2

Task 18

Cat’s punctuality

 Sergeant Podge, a Norwegian Forest Cat, disappears from his owner’s home in a small town in Kent, every night. But what baffles his owner, Liz Bullard, mostly is the fact that the next morning, the 12-year-old cat always pops up in exactly the same place, A ___ . And every morning Ms. Bullard takes her son to school before collecting Sergeant Podge.

She said that the routine had set in earlier this year, when Sergeant Podge disappeared one day. Ms. Bullard spent hours telephoning her neighbours В ___ .

An elderly woman living about one and a half miles away called back to inform Ms. Bullard that she had found a cat matching Sergeant Podge’s description. Ms. Bullard picked him up but within days he vanished from sight again. She rang the elderly woman С ___ .

She said a routine has now become established, where each morning she takes her son to school before driving to collect Sergeant Podge D ___ .

It is thought Sergeant Podge walks across a golf course every night to reach his destination.

Ms. Bullard said: “If it’s raining he may be in the bush but he comes running if I clap my hands.” All she has to do is open the car passenger door from the inside for Sergeant Podge to jump in.

Ms. Bullard also makes the trip at weekends and during school holidays — E ___ .

She does not know why, after 12 years, Sergeant Podge has begun the routine but explained that another woman who lived nearby used to feed him sardines, and that he may be F ___ .

His owner doesn’t mind his wandering off at night as long as she knows where to collect him.

1. on the look-out for more treats

2. from the pavement between 0800 and 0815 GMT

3. to discover Sergeant Podge was back outside her home

4. on a pavement about one and a half miles (2.4km) away

5. to identify if anyone had bumped into him

6. when her son is having a lie-in

7. collected by car every morning

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	5	3	2	6	1

Task 19

Do you speak English?

When I arrived in England I thought I knew English. After I’d been here an hour I realized that I did not understand one word. In the first week I picked up a tolerable working knowledge of the language and the next seven years convinced me gradually but thoroughly that I A ______ , let alone perfectly. This is sad. My only consolation being that nobody speaks English perfectly.

Remember that those five hundred words an average Englishman uses are B ______ . You may learn another five hundred and another five thousand and yet another fifty thousand and still you may come across a further fifty thousand C ______ .

If you live here long enough you will find out to your greatest amazement that the adjective nice is not the only adjective the language possesses, in spite of the fact that D ______ . You can say that the weather is nice, a restaurant is nice, Mr. Soandso is nice, Mrs. Soandso’s clothes are nice, you had a nice time, E ______ .

Then you have to decide on your accent. The easiest way to give the impression of having a good accent or no foreign accent at all is to hold an unlit pipe in your mouth, to mutter between your teeth and finish all your sentences with the question: “isn’t it?” People will not understand much, but they are accustomed to that and they will get a F ______ .

1. whatever it costs

2. most excellent impression

3. you have never heard of before, and nobody else either

4. in the first three years you do not need to learn or use any other adjectives

5. would never know it really well

6. far from being the whole vocabulary of the language

7. and all this

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	6	3	4	7	2

Task 20

Before the Hubble Space Telescope was launched, scientists thought they knew the universe. They were wrong.

The Hubble Space Telescope has changed many scientists’ view of the universe. The telescope is named after American astronomer Edwin Hubble, A ______ .

He established that many galaxies exist and developed the first system for their classifications.

In many ways, Hubble is like any other telescope. It simply gathers light. It is roughly the size of a large school bus. What makes Hubble special is not what it is, B ______ .

Hubble was launched in 1990 from the “Discovery” space shuttle and it is about 350 miles above our planet, C ______ .

It is far from the glare of city lights, it doesn’t have to look through the air, D ______ .

And what a view it is! Hubble is so powerful it could spot a fly on the moon. Yet in an average orbit, it uses the same amount of energy as 28100-watt light bulbs. Hubble pictures require no film. The telescope takes digital images E ______ .

Hubble has snapped photos of storms on Saturn and exploding stars. Hubble doesn’t just focus on our solar system. It also peers into our galaxy and beyond. Many Hubble photos show the stars that make up the Milky Way galaxy. A galaxy is a city of stars.

Hubble cannot take pictures of the sun or other very bright objects, because doing so could “fry” the telescope’s instruments, but it can detect infrared and ultra violet light F ______ .

Some of the sights of our solar system that Hubble has glimpsed may even change the number of planets in it.

1. which is above Earth’s atmosphere.

2. which are transmitted to scientists on Earth.

3. which is invisible to the human eye.

4. who calculated the speed at which galaxies move.

5. so it has a clear view of space.

6. because many stars are in clouds of gas.

7. but where it is.

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	7	1	5	2	3

Task 21

The science of sound, or acoustics, as it is often called, has been made over radically within a comparatively short space of time. Not so long ago the lectures on sound in colleges and high schools dealt chiefly with the vibrations of such things as the air columns in organ pipes. Nowadays, however, thanks chiefly to a number of electronic instruments engineers can study sounds as effectively A ____ . The result has been a new approach to research in sound. Scientists have been able to make far-reaching discoveries in many fields of acoustics B _____ .

Foremost among the instruments that have revolutionized the study of acoustics are electronic sound-level meters also known as sound meters and sound-intensity meters. These are effective devices that first convert sound waves into weak electric signals, then amplify the signals through electronic means C ______ . The intensity of a sound is measured in units called decibels. “Zero” sound is the faintest sound D ______ . The decibel measures the ratio of the intensity of a given sound to the standard “zero” sound. The decibel scale ranges from 0 to 130. An intensity of 130 decibels is perceived not only as a sound, but also E ______ . The normal range of painlessly audible sounds for the average human ear is about 120 decibels. For forms of life other than ourselves, the range can be quite different.

The ordinary sound meter measures the intensity of a given sound, rather than its actual loudness. Under most conditions, however, it is a quite good indicator of loudness. Probably the loudest known noise ever heard by human ears was that of the explosive eruption in August, 1883, of the volcano of Krakatoa in the East Indies. No electronic sound meters, of course, were in existence then, but physicists estimate that the sound at its source must have had an intensity of 190 decibels, F ______ .

1. and finally measure them.

2. since it was heard 3,000 miles away.

3. and they have been able to put many of these discoveries to practical use.

4. that loud sound is of high intensity.

5. as they study mechanical forces.

6. as a painful sensation in the ear.

7. that the unaided human ear can detect.

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	3	1	7	6	2

Task 22

Chocolate 

Chocolate is made from a number of raw and processed foods produced from the seeds of tropical cacao trees. Cacao has been cultivated in A ______ at least 3000 years. For most of this time it was made into a drink called, in translation — “bitter water”. This is because В ______ to be fermented to develop a palatable flavour. After fermentation the beans are dried and roasted and the shell is removed to produce cacao nibs. These are then ground and liquefied into chocolate liquor. The liquor is then processed into cocoa solids or cocoa butter. Pure chocolate contains primarily cocoa solids and butter in different proportions. Much of С ______ with added sugar. Milk chocolate is sweetened chocolate that additionally contains either milk powder or condensed milk. White chocolate on the other D ______ is therefore not a true chocolate. Chocolate contains theobromine and phenethylamine which have physiological effects on the body. It is similar to serotonin levels in the brain. Scientists claim E ______ , can lower blood pressure. Recently, dark chocolate has also been promoted for its health benefits. But pet owners should remember that the presence of theobromine makes it toxic to cats and dogs. Chocolate is now one F______ , although 16 of the top 20 chocolate consuming countries are in Europe. Also interesting is that 66% of world chocolate is consumed between meals.

1. the chocolate consumed today is made

2. that chocolate, eaten in moderation

3. central and southern America for

4. of the world’s most popular flavours

5. hand contains no cocoa solids and

6. cacao seeds are intensely bitter and have

7. many countries worldwide at

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	1	5	2	4

Task 23

Reality TV

 Reality TV seems to dominate broadcasting these days. But what is it, how did it emerge and why on earth is it so popular? The first question is easily answered. Reality TV A ______ presents unscripted, dramatic or humorous situations or events. It can involve celebrities В ______ of the public. Reality TV has been gradually growing in importance for over 60 years. “Candid Camera” — the show that filmed ordinary people reacting to set ups and pranks — started in 1948. Some people, however, believe it was the Japanese with their awful shows in the 1980s and 90s that brought reality TV to centre stage. Others believe С ______ that is called “Big Brother” was the show that spawned the reality TV age. But why are the shows so popular? Different theories come to life. Some believe that it is D ______ we like to watch horrible behaviour: the same instinct that once inspired the ancient Romans to go and watch gladiators destroy each other at the Coliseum. Others suggest a kind of voyeurism is involved there — an unhealthy curiosity to spy on other people’s lives.

Whatever the real reason — the trend seems to have already peaked. A lot of such shows E ______ or are expected to go in the near future. And the replacement seems to be talents shows — watching competitions in dance, singing and general entertainment. Does it mean that people are changing? It is too early to say. Most agree that these F ______ .

1. due to basic human instinct that

2. is still early to judge

3. are simply the cycles of fashion

4. but more usually the stars are members

5. that the television phenomenon

6. is a type of programme that

7. seem to have disappeared

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	4	5	1	7	3

Task 24

Mikhail Lomonosov and Moscow State University

 Mikhail Lomonosov was one of the intellectual titans of XVIII century. His interests ranged from history, rhetoric, art and poetry A ______ . Alexander Pushkin described him as В ______ , whose lifelong passion was learning.

Lomonosov’s activity is a manifestation of the enormous potential of the Russian scientific community. Peter I reformed Russia, which allowed the country to reach the standard of С ______ many spheres. Great importance was placed on education. St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, founded by Peter I, established a university and a grammar school to educate intellectuals and researchers the country needed; however, these educational establishments could not fulfill the task they took on. It was Michail Lomonosov D ______ of establishing a university in Moscow. An influential courtier and the E ______ Count Shuvalov supported Lomonosov’s plans for a new university and presented them to the Empress.

In 1755, on 25 January-St. Tatiana’s Day according to the Russian Orthodox Church calendar — Elizaveta signed the decree that a university should be founded in Moscow. The opening ceremony took place on 26 April, when Elizaveta’s coronation day was celebrated. Since 1755 25 January and 26 April F ______ Moscow University; the annual conference where students present the results of their research work is traditionally held in April.

1. who suggested in his letter to Count Shuvalov the idea

2. to mechanics, chemistry and mineralogy

3. a person of formidable willpower and keen scientific mind

4. favourite of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, the patron of arts and science

5. the contemporary European powers in

6. are marked by special events and festivities at

7. famous among all educated people

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	3	5	1	4	6

Task 25

Window Shopping

 The day would be spent with my best friends Kath and Kate. We are actually three Catherines (by birth spelt with a C), A______ we are all K’s: Kat (that’s me), Kath and Kate — the 3K Window Shopping gang!

Window shopping is simply wonderful. You can look at any outfit. You can try on В ______ not a single item on sale for which the price is a problem. You will try something on, ponder, pout, twirl, think hard, check yourself in the mirror one last time and finally reflect С ______ right for you! The highlight of this regular adventure however, is generally the 3K chocolate and ice cream break in the Shopping Centre’s top floor cafii Of course we do not believe that we are wasting anyone’s time. We do D ______ as well, but a reliable equation for us is — 3Ks + shopping mall = a good time.

But E ______ out to be especially memorable. One of the stores had a questionnaire lottery with the first prize being a voucher worth £200. We filled in the question forms while in the cafiiand returned to the store by their 2.00pm deadline. Kate won the first prize but we had decided in advance that if any of us won something, we would share equally: All for one К and one for all! At this point our morning of window shopping paid off. We completed F ______ slightly less than 10 minutes: three skirts, three hats and three belts and three very OK, K’s.

1. not like to spend our time

2. that it’s probably not quite

3. that particular day turned

4. our real shopping in

5. sometimes go shopping for real

6. anything you want and there is

7. but when we are together

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	6	2	5	3	4

Task 26

The Hotel

 “Have you stayed with us before sir?” asked the receptionist. His accent sounded middle-European; Czech possibly or Polish. Actually I hadn’t stayed at this particular hotel before A ______ to many others from the same chain that I had stayed at. “No — first time” I replied with unnecessary brevity. The thing is I always feel В ______ rather than treated as an individual. Every word that I was about to hear, I had heard before — delivered no doubt from the depths of a tourism and hospitality course. “Welcome to Newcastle sir. Is this your first visit to our city? Can I trouble you to complete this form? Actually the first two lines and the signature at the bottom will do. Would you like С ______ , Sir? This will automatically unlock room facilities like mini-bar and telephone and any other extras you may require. Can I see your passport sir?” The questions and information D ______ responses were actually required and I handed over my passport, credit card and partly filled out form. I was tempted to write under name and address “Donald Duck, Duck Towers, Disney Street” — E ______ ever read the form again. But being a creature of habit I wrote my real name and address. While my card was being processed I looked across the reception area through the wall height windows to the beautiful River Tyne. A wave of nostalgia came over me. It was good to be back. I found myself thinking about her again and wondering F ______ a voice broke in: “It’s a plastic key card sir. You also need it to activate the lift and when you get to your room, plug it into the switch on the left as you open the door. It will automatically supply electricity to the room. Any help with your baggage? No? Then enjoy your stay”. The accomplished young Pole smiled as he delivered the final command and duly processed, I proceeded to the card activated lift.

1. me to take a print of your credit card

2. points poured out smoothly, no verbal

3. if I would even see her when

4. although it seemed virtually identical

5. so sure was I that nobody would

6. me to help you with your luggage

7. as if I am being processed like a product

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	7	1	2	5	3

5

Task 27

Lindsay Wildlife Museum

 Lindsay Wildlife Museum is a unique natural history and environmental education centre where visitors can listen to the cry of a red-tailed hawk, go eye-to-eye with a grey fox and watch a bald eagle eat lunch. More than fifty species of native California animals are on exhibit here.

 Thousands of school children learn about the natural environment in their classrooms A ____ of the museum. Nature- and science- oriented classes and trips are offered for adults and children. More than 600 volunteers help to feed and care for wild animals, В _____. Volunteers are active in the museum’s work, contributing С ____.

 The museum was founded by a local businessman, Alexander Lindsay. Sandy, as friends knew him, started teaching neighborhood children about nature in the early 1950s. Initially housed in an elementary school, the museum began offering school-aged children summer classes, D ____.

 After nearly a decade of the museum operation, it became apparent E ____. With a new 5,000 square-foot home, the museum could now develop and display a permanent collection of live, native wildlife and natural history objects. People came to the museum for help with wild animals F ___ urban growth. In response, a formal wildlife rehabilitation programme — the first of its kind in the United States of America — began in 1970.

1. that a permanent, year-round site was necessary

2. as well as field trips focused on the natural world

3. many hours of service to wildlife care and fundraising

4. that had been injured or orphaned because of intense

5. that needed public attention and a new building

6. as well as teach children and adults about nature

7. through education programmes and on-site tours

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	6	3	2	1	4

Task 28

America’s fun place on America’s main street

 If any city were considered a part of every citizen in the United States, it would be Washington, DC. To many, the Old Post Office Pavilion serves A ____. If you are in the area, be a part of it all by visiting us — or В ____. Doing so will keep you aware of the latest musical events, great happenings and international dining, to say the least.

Originally built in 1899, the Old Post Office Pavilion embodied the modern spirit С ____. Today, our architecture and spirit of innovation continues to evolve and thrive. And, thanks to forward-thinking people, you can now stroll through the Old Post Office Pavilion and experience both D ____ with international food, eclectic shopping and musical events. All designed to entertain lunch, mid-day and after work audiences all week long.

A highlight of the Old Post Office Pavilion is its 315-foot Clock Tower. Offering a breath-taking view of the city, National Park Service Rangers give free Clock Tower tours every day! Individuals and large tour groups are all welcome. The Old Post Office Clock Tower also proudly houses the official United States Bells of Congress, a gift from England E ____. The Washington Ringing Society sounds the Bells of Congress every Thursday evening and on special occasions.

Visit the Old Post Office Pavilion, right on Pennsylvania Avenue between the White House and the Capitol. It is a great opportunity F ____, this is a landmark not to be missed no matter your age.

1. that are offered to the visitors

2. its glamorous past and fun-filled present

3. as a landmark reminder of wonderful experiences

4. by joining our e-community

5. that was sweeping the country

6. celebrating the end of the Revolutionary War

7. to learn more about American history

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	4	5	2	6	7

Task 29

Number of teenagers with Saturday job drops

 The number of teenagers with Saturday jobs has dropped. Young people do not acquire any experience for their CVs — a crucial step towards getting full-time work. The proportion of teenagers combining part-time jobs with school or college has slumped from 40% in the 1990s to around 20% now, according to the UK Commission for Employment and Skills (UKCES), a government agency. Latest figures show that only A ____ in 1997.

The trend is not just recession-related, but the result of an increasing expectation В ____ well as a falling number of Saturday jobs, according to the report. Many of the jobs that young people do, such as bar work, are in long-term decline, and are forecast to decline further over the next decade.

«Recruiters place significant emphasis on experience С ____,» the report says. Word of mouth is the most common way to get a job, D _____ young people are unable to build up informal contacts, it adds.

Ms. Todd, a commissioner at the UKCES, said: «There’s more emphasis on doing well at school, young people are finding less time to do what they would have done a few years ago.» «I think it’s also the changing structure of the labour market. Retail is still a big employer, E ____. As a consequence, we need to think about how we get young people the work experience they need.»

A new initiative to send employees into state schools to talk about their careers was also launched recently. The scheme, Inspiring the Future, is meant to give state schoolchildren access to the kind of careers advice that private schools offer. The deputy prime minister said: «The power of making connections F ____ and can be life-changing.»

1. that it was researching the system of funding education after 16

2. 260,000 teenagers have a Saturday job compared with 435,000

3. but young people are leaving education increasingly less experienced

4. that inspire young people is immeasurable

5. but an increasing shortage of work experience means

6. that young people should stay on at school, as

7. but a lot more of it is being done online

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	3	5	7	4

Task 30

Lots of fun in Cardiff

 As you would expect of a capital city, Cardiff offers a huge choice of exciting sport and entertainment throughout the year.

Every March the city celebrates St. David, Wales’ patron saint, with parades and music. August sees the International Festival of Street Entertainment, with the heart of the city A ____. Family fun days in the parks and at the waterfront are part of this sensational summer scene. Brass and military bands are often to be seen on Cardiff s streets. Between May and October the world’s only seagoing paddle steamer cruises from Cardiff’s seaside resort.

In autumn the fun continues with Cardiff s Festival of the Arts В _____. Music is at the centre of the festival, with international stars С ____. Christmas in Cardiff is full of colour and festivities. The truly spectacular Christmas illuminations have earned Cardiff the title of «Christmas City». And there is entertainment for all the family, D ____.

There is always something happening in Cardiff. The BBC National Orchestra of Wales and Welsh National Opera can both be heard here. Cardiff previews many London «West End» shows E _____.

The city’s range of accommodation facilities is truly impressive, F ____. And with a city as compact as Cardiff there are places to stay in all price brackets.

1. from international names to family-run guest houses

2. joining some of Wales’ most talented musicians

3. having their summer holidays in Cardiff

4. that usually attract hundreds of theatre lovers

5. which features music, film, literature and graphics

6. from pantomimes to Christmas tree celebrations

7. beating with dance and theatrical performances

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	5	2	6	4	1

Task 31

Changing image

 For more than 200 years Madame Tussaud’s has been attracting tourists from all over the world and it remains just as popular as it ever was. There are many reasons for this enduring success, but at the heart of it all is good, old-fashioned curiosity.

Madame Tussaud’s original concept has entered a brand new era of interactive entertainment A _____. Today’s visitors are sent on a breathtaking journey in black cabs through hundreds of years of the past. They have a unique chance to see the great legends of history, В _____ of politics.

Much of the figure construction technique follows the traditional pattern, beginning whenever possible with the subject С _____ and personal characteristics. The surprising likeliness of the wax portraits also owes much to many stars D _____, either by providing their stage clothes, or simply giving useful advice.

The museum continues constantly to add figures E ____ popularity. The attraction also continues to expand globally with established international branches in New York, Hong Kong, Amsterdam and many other cities. And they all have the same rich mix of interaction, authenticity and local appeal.

The museum provides a stimulating and educational environment for schoolchildren. Its specialists are working together with practicing teachers and educational advisors to create different programmes of activities, F ____.

1. as well as resources on art, technology and drama

2. as well as the idols of popular music and the icons

3. who is sitting to determine exact measurements

4. ranging from special effects to fully animated figures

5. ranging from all kinds of souvenirs to sports equipment

6. that reflect contemporary public opinion and celebrity

7. who are eager to help in any possible way they can

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	2	3	7	6	1

Task 32

Saturday jobs: memories of weekend working

 Research has shown a sharp fall in the number of teenagers who do Saturday jobs. It seems such a shame — my Saturday job as a kitchen porter was something of a rite of passage. I’ll never forget long hours A _____, scouring grease off huge saucepans and griddles. Working atmosphere there helped me grow a thicker skin, develop quicker banter and, most importantly, taught me the value of hard work. It also resulted in a steady supply of cash, В ____. I’m not the only one who has strong memories of weekend work. DJ Trevor Nelson said everyone should be able to have a Saturday job: «It taught me a lot, С ____.»

The link between the type of Saturday job a celebrity performed and their later career is sometimes obvious. Dragon’s Den star and businessman Peter Jones, for example, showed early promise by starting his own business. «I passed my Lawn Tennis Association coaching exam, D ____,» he explains. «At the start I was coaching other kids, E ____, for which I could charge £25-30 an hour. While my friends on milk rounds were getting £35 a week, I was doing five hours on a Saturday and earning four times as much.»

Skier Chemmy Alcott got a job working for the Good Ski Guide, on the advertising side. «It became clear to me what my personal value to companies could be. It led directly to me finding my head sponsor … and it offered me an eight-year contract. That gave me the financial backing F ____.»

As part of its response to the Saturday job statistics, the UK Commission for Employment and Skills said a lack of early work opportunities makes it harder for young people to acquire experience for their СVs.

1. and things would be different if everyone was given the chance

2. which let me know he approved of me

3. and I persuaded my local club to let me use a court on Saturdays

4. which I needed to become a professional skier

5. which I would happily spend as I liked

6. that I spent in the kitchen of a busy country pub in East Sussex

7. but soon I got adults wanting to book lessons

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	5	1	3	7	4

Task 33

Orient Express

 In the early 1860s, trains were the preferred way to travel. They weren’t particularly comfortable, however, until American engineer George Mortimer Pullman decided to make trains more luxurious.

By the late 1860s, trains furnished not only sleeping cars, but kitchen and dining facilities, where A _____. This was innovative for the time, and was aimed to encourage people В _____. The first of these Pullman trains in England ran from London to Brighton and used electricity for illumination.

In 1881, another railway entrepreneur, George Nagelmacker, introduced the use of a restaurant car onboard, and the first Orient Express train service was begun. Running from Paris to Romania the route included Strasbourg, Vienna, Budapest and Bucharest.

Thanks to the 12 mile Simplon Tunnel, С _____, the Orient Express expanded, including a route to Istanbul, and the legendary romance of the Orient Express was in full swing.

Everyone in the social register, including royalty, chose to travel on the wheels of that luxury hotel D _____ in wealthy surroundings. Legends, stories, and intrigue surrounded those trips to exotic places, and those famous people E _____.

Unfortunately, during World War II this luxury travel was closed for the most part, and later, after the war, F ____ to start it again. Within the next few years airplane travel became popular, and train passenger service declined.

1. elegant meals were served to passengers

2. to use trains for long distance travel and vacations

3. who rode the train

4. who wrote about it

5. which connected Switzerland and Italy

6. that served dishes and wines

7. there was no money

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	2	5	6	3	7

Task 34

Arizona’s world class cruise

 Spectacular Canyon Lake is situated in the heart of the Superstition Mountains in Arizona, giving home to the Dolly Steamboat. The Dolly Steamboat, A ____, now cruises the secluded inner waterways of this beautiful lake. It is worth exploring this favourite destination of President Theodore Roosevelt who declared, «The Apache Trail and surrounding area combines the grandeur of the Alps, the glory of the Rockies, the magnificence of the Grand Canyon and then adds something В ____.» You will marvel as you travel up to the national forest, which provides the most inspiring and beautiful panorama С ____. Every trip brings new discoveries of rock formations, geological history, and the flora and fauna distinct to the deserts of Arizona.

Once aboard the Dolly Steamboat, you may view the majestic desert big horn sheep, bald eagles and a host bird of other wildlife, water fowl, D ____. Experience the unique sound harmony that is created by the waters of Canyon Lake. Stretch out and relax at one of the tables or stand next to the railings on the deck. There is plenty of leg room on the Dolly. You will get a unique chance to listen to the captain E ____.

All the passengers are treated with outstanding service and personal attention to every need. Feel free to ask questions, move about and mingle with the crew. So enjoy an unforgettable vacation cruise and see F ____ ,like a ride on Arizona’s Dolly Steamboat.

1. that nature has ever created in the wild

2. that none of the others have

3. hovering over the magnificent lake

4. who retells the legends of the mysterious past

5. for yourself why there is nothing quite

6. who pays much attention to children’s safety

7. continuing a tradition of cruising since 1925

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	2	1	3	4	5

Task 35

US Congress

 The Congress of the United States of America is an important part of the US federal government.

It is an assembly of elected representatives A ____ but not to select the chief executive of the nation; that individual is elected by the people.

Congress is not a single organization; it is a vast and complex collection of organizations B ____ and through which members of Congress form alliances.

C ____, in which political parties are the only important kind of organization, parties are only one of many important units in Congress.

In fact other organizations have grown in number D ____.

The Democrats and Republicans in the House and the Senate are organized by party leaders, E ____ within the House and Senate. The party structure is essentially the same in the House as in the Senate, though the titles of various posts are different.

But leadership carries more power in the House than in the Senate because of the House rules. F _____, the House must restrict debate and schedule its business with great care; thus leaders who do the scheduling and who determine how the rules shall be applied usually have substantial influence.

1. as party influence has declined

2. against the spirit of the Constitution

3. being so large (435 members)

4. empowered to make laws

5. unlike the British Parliament

6. by which the business of Congress is carried on

7. who in turn are elected by the full party membership

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	6	5	1	7	3

Task 36

The Trailblazers

 In the early 1800s, the area that would become the western United States was completely undeveloped.

Explorers, hunters, traders, and settlers had to blaze their own trails. A____ to move possessions and supplies became common place.

Manifest Destiny was the belief that Americans had a God-given right to take over the continent. As they moved west, settlers used this policy B_____ to new people and territories.

Trails increased trade opportunities between western and eastern regions, and the U.S. economy prospered C_____ on each other for goods.

To achieve Manifest Destiny, the United States purchased land from other countries or conquered territory D_____ until its borders stretched from coast to coast.

More than one-half million people chose to travel West on trails between 1800 and 1870, E_____.

As new technology spread across the West, however, the use of trails came to an end. The railroads built thousands of miles of tracks, and, F ____, a cheap, relatively safe, and quick way to transport people and supplies to western areas existed.

1. to spread U.S. ideas and government

2. for the first time in history

3. thus replacing them forever

4. as territories became interdependent

5. the use of covered wagons

6. by taking land from Native peoples

7. forming the largest mass migration in history

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	1	4	6	7	2

Task 37

A Young Mayor

 This is a very unusual case, but as you will see, unusual doesn’t mean impossible.

An 18-year-old school girl has become the youngest mayor of a British town in history. Amanda Bracebridge, A_____, won leadership of Clun village council in a dramatic election last night. The tiny village only has 122 voters and Amanda won the election by just two votes from the only other candidate, 69-year-old Fred Gardner of the Conservative party. Amanda, B _____, was an independent candidate. She was surprised by her success, C _____. “My election promise was to make sure D _____,” she told us. She was referring to the plans from a large company to buy up farmland and build flats there. “We live in one of the most beautiful villages in Shropshire and I want to make sure it stays that way.”

Amanda, who is in her last year at nearby Bishop’s Castle High School, E _____ and her exams which she takes in two months. “It’s going to be a pretty busy few months,” she said. “But when the exams are over I will be able to concentrate completely on helping my village”.

Amanda had plans to go to university but is now going to start a year later F _____. “I’ve talked to Leeds University and they say my place will wait for me”. And what is she going to study? Politics? “No, actually, I am going to do sociology and economics”.

1. who is not a member of any political party

2. that our village would be protected from outside interests

3. but it was not a total shock to her

4. being a politics student at the university

5. so she can do her job as mayor properly

6. who is only just old enough to vote herself

7. will have to find time for her work as mayor

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	1	3	2	7	5

Task 38

Is there enough to say?

 They only appeared about ten years ago but already they are everywhere, everyone’s got one. They are the wonder of the modern age — mobile phones, or cell phones, A ____. Apparently, mobile phones are now used by about 2.5 billion people worldwide, and about one billion new mobile phones are sold every year worldwide. Go back to 1997, and only 100 million were sold. As we can see, the mobile phone business B_____.

And the developments keep on coming. Once we could only make phone calls; now mobile phones C_____ and do many other useful things. Once we had to hold our mobile phones in our hand; now we can use throat microphones. What next? We are told that soon, tiny microphones will be implanted into our lips. We’ll be able to dial numbers just by saying them.

But surely we need to ask ourselves: What’s good about this? OK, we can talk to other people almost all the time now — but is that so great? Watch and listen to people when a plane has landed. Anxious D _____, dial a number, and then: “It’s me, I’m here. I’ll be there in twenty minutes.” Is this communication? Is this what all these years of technology have brought us to?

In the early days of communication there were letters. When they arrived at your house, you knew they had been delivered by a man E _____.

In those days, people would think very hard before they wrote a letter. You had to have a good reason to write — communication was serious. Now it’s not — people phone each other F ____. Once the phone was a way for people far away from each other to talk — now it’s just an excuse to talk.

1. has been developed very quickly

2. not understand why they are doing it for

3. as Americans call them

4. riding halfway across the country on a horse

5. just because they can

6. can also be used to take and send photos

7. fingers immediately switch on the mobile phone

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	1	6	7	4	5

Task 39

Promoting language learning

 The European Union (EU) is committed to supporting the rights of its citizens to personal and professional mobility, and their ability to communicate with each other. It does so by A_____ to promote the teaching and learning of European languages. These programmes have at least one thing in common: they cover cross-border projects involving partners from two, and often three or more, EU countries.

The EU programmes are designed to complement the national education policies of member countries. Each government is responsible for its own national education policy, B_____. What the EU programmes do is to create links between countries and regions via joint projects, C____.

Since 2007 the main programmes have been put under the overall umbrella of the EU’s lifelong learning programme. All languages are eligible for support under this programme: official languages, regional, minority and migrant languages, D____. There are national information centres in each country, E_____.

The cultural programmes of the EU also promote linguistic and cultural diversity in a number of ways. The “Media” programme funds the dubbing and subtitling of European films for F ____. The “Culture” programme builds cross-cultural bridges by supporting the translation of modern authors into other EU languages.

1. and the languages of the EU’s major trading partners

2. which includes language teaching and learning

3. cinemas and television in other EU countries

4. which enhance the impact of language teaching and learning

5. funding a number of educational programmes

6. and encouraging people to learn new languages

7. where details about the application procedures are given

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	2	4	1	7	3

Task 40

Starting your own business

What are the reasons for starting your own business? One of them is because you believe you are the best in that line or because you have a product or service that has never been offered to the market before. Another is that you are a person in a real hurry and cannot suffer the A_____ to reach your goals. Sometimes it is because you have an inheritance B_____ soon after you set up a business or that there already is a cash purse with loose strings and you want to make the best of this bonanza.

If your reasons are any or all of the above, abandon the thought right now and save yourself the disillusionment C____ into the world of commerce.

Start your own business just for the sake of doing a trade, or for D____. Do not burden yourself with lofty notions of superiority when compared to your peers. When setting out to start your own business, be emotional about it, but not impractical; don’t be led by your heart, but be dictated by your mind.

Having covered those parts that are not taught in a business school, let us look at E____ your own business. You should start with a SWOT analysis – strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats – analyze these for yourself, for partners in your business, if any, and for the business itself.

If the result of the analysis is encouraging, then prepare a business plan. It is like a road map for actions in the near foreseeable future to achieve your business goals. Finally, execute the business plan with precision; tweak it as you go along, only so that it helps to meet the end goal of successfully F_____ the business.

1. the essentials of starting

2. that awaits when you step

3. trials and tribulations of employment

4. establishing and conducting

5. preparing a business plan

6. waiting to be acquired

7. undertaking the commercial activity

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	2	7	1	4

Task 41

Archaeology done underwater

 Nautical archaeology is the science of finding, collecting, preserving, and studying human objects that have become lost or buried under water. It is a fairly modern field of study since it depends on having the technology to be able to remain underwater for some time to do real work. Whether it is conducted in freshwater or in the sea, A____, nautical archaeology is another way of learning more about the human past.

Although some use the words nautical archaeology to mean a specialized branch of underwater archaeology, B____, most consider the term to mean the same as the words underwater archaeology or marine

archaeology. All of these interchangeable terms mean simply C_____.

Once real trade began, it is safe to say D_____ was probably transported over water at some point in time. By studying submerged objects, we can learn more about past human cultures. In fact, studying ancient artifacts is the only way to learn anything about human societies E_____. Being able to examine the actual objects made and used by ancient people not only adds to the written records they left behind, but allows us to get much closer to the reality of what life was like when they lived. Also, if we pay close attention to how the objects were made and used, we begin to get a more realistic picture of F_____.

1. that existed long before the invention of writing

2. that nearly every object made by humans

3. what those people were really like

4. which is concerned only with ships and the history of seafaring

5. that it is the study of archaeology done underwater

6. and whether it finds sunken ships or old cities

7. and what was discovered underwater

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	4	5	2	1	3

Task 42

Visiting the Royal Parks

 London has a well-deserved reputation as one of the greenest cities in Europe, with a huge number of open spaces across the center of the city. Tourists A_____ can always relax in a lovely, quiet London park.

The Royal Parks, such as St James’s, Green Park, the Regent’s Park, Hyde Park, Richmond, Greenwich, Bushy Park and Kensington Gardens, are beautifully maintained and popular with locals and visitors alike. Many are former hunting estates of English monarchs, preserved as open space B______. They are ideal places to relax and sunbathe in summer, enjoy gorgeous flower beds in spring C_____.

The Royal Parks provide fantastic green routes in London D______ and through some of the most attractive areas of the capital. Picnics in the parks are also a popular activity especially during the busy summer months.

Dogs are welcome in all the Royal Parks, although there are some places E_____. These are clearly indicated within each park and are usually ecologically sensitive sites, children’s play areas, restaurants, cafes and some sports areas. Ground nesting birds are particularly sensitive to disturbance by dogs and people. So it is necessary to observe the warning signs F____. In Bushy Park and Richmond Park dogs should be kept away from the deer.

The Royal Parks are for everyone to enjoy.

1. that are displayed during the nesting season

2. while the city has grown up around them

3. and admire the changing leaves as autumn arrives

4. where they are not allowed or should be kept on a lead

5. who are tired of the noise, crowds and excitement of sightseeing

6. who does not know the route to the place of destination

7. that take cyclists away from traffic

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	2	3	7	4	1

Task 43

The Survival of the Welsh Language

 Wales is a small country of just over 3 million people, on the north west seaboard of Europe. Despite many historical incursions of other peoples, particularly the English, it has preserved its ancient Celtic language, A_____. Welsh is habitually spoken by about 10% of the people, half understood by a further 10%, and not spoken at all by the majority in this ‘bilingual’ society.

Up to the First World War most people were Welsh speaking, especially in the mountains of North Wales. The English-speaking areas were along the more fertile coastal plains. On the whole there was an easy tolerance of the two languages, B______.

By 1919 there was a considerable drop in Welsh speakers. This was due to the large flows of capital investment from England into the South Wales coalfield, C_____.

Now, D_____, commerce and everyday business were carried out in English.

In the rural mountain areas 80% to 85% of the population were Welsh speakers, E ____. However, in the coalfield country of Glamorgan 70% spoke English only, and in its neighbour border county the figure was over 90%.

By 1931 the number of people able to speak Welsh in the whole of Wales had fallen to 37% of the population, F ____. It continued to drop and reached its lowest – 18.6% — in the 1990s. But by the start of the 21st century, numbers had begun to increase again and reached 21.7% in 2004!

1. as well as education and the law

2. the only one of a number of allied languages that remain

3. with radio and the English press further speeding the decline

4. many being able to speak Welsh only

5. where Welsh was studied as language and literature in an academic manner

6. apart from the fact that Welsh was not permitted to be used at all in the schools

7. bringing a flood of immigrant labour from all over Britain

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	7	1	4	3

Task 44

Secrets of Long Life

 There are places in the world where people live longer than anywhere else. The remote Japanese island of Okinawa is one of these places. While the lifespan in Britain is 77 years for men and 81 for women, Okinawa has a population of about one million, of which 900 are centenarians — A_____ in Britain or the USA. So what is their secret of long life?

«The calendar may say they’re 80, but their body says they’re 60,» says Bradley Willcox, a scientist researching the extraordinary phenomenon. The research has shown hormonal differences between Okinawans and B____ but their longevity has been linked to diet. They eat more tofu and soya than any other people in the world and also enjoy a range of different fruit and vegetables, all rich in anti-oxidants. But the most significant thing isn’t what they eat but how much. The Okinawans C_____ known as ‘hara hachi bu’, which translates as ‘eat until you are only 80 % full’.

Scientists refer to this way of eating as ‘caloric restrictions’. No-one knows exactly why it works, but scientists believe it D_____ that there is the danger of famine. This in turn E_____ and so may lead to better preservation and slower aging.

«It’s a stark contrast with the cultural habits that drive food consumption in F____ » says Mr. Willcox. If we look at high streets and supermarkets in most other countries, you will see that he is right. Restaurants offer all-you-can-eat menus and supersize portions. Supermarkets are full of special offers encouraging us to buy more food than we need.

1. make it a healthy diet

2. other parts of the world

3. four times higher than the average

4. have a cultural tradition

5. sends a signal to the body

6. the rest of the population

7. makes the body protect itself

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	4	5	7	2

Task 45

Beaches of Portugal

 Covering more than 850 km, the Portuguese coast boasts such a large number of fine, white sandy beaches that it is almost impossible to keep count. All bathed by the Atlantic Ocean and all different, their beauty is hard to describe, so there is nothing better A _____.

The most famous are in the Algarve. With three thousand hours of sun per year and warm waters, there are beaches to suit every taste and many dreamlike resorts. The choices are many, from sandy stretches extending as far as the eye can see B ______, the trade image of the region. They are always accompanied by a calm clear sea, C_____.

In Costa da Caparica, the beaches are particularly dear to Lisbonites D _____ for sun and sea bathing. There are deserted beaches here too, of a wild beauty, E ____ nature. In the centre, tourists will find very wide sandy stretches, to which traditional fishing adds a picturesque touch. And further north, the colder waters and the invigorating sea are tempered by the welcoming atmosphere and the clean air of the mountains and the forests.

Despite all their differences, all beaches share one thing – quality. They are safe and offer a wide range of support and recreational services, F ____. And a large number of Portuguese beaches are granted the European blue flag every year, a distinction that is a sign of their excellent conditions.

1. where one can enjoy close contact with

2. which meet every need of their users

3. than to discover them once for oneself

4. who has never been to this wonderful city

5. which is ideal for various water sports

6. to the smaller coves, sheltered by huge cliffs

7. who have different options around the capital

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	5	7	1	2

Task 46

The Joy of Reading

 Have you ever wondered why people read? Why reading is one of the few things A _____ for thousands of years? Even before reading became available to the general public, stories were told around campfires, passed down from generation to generation.

First of all, stories are a good way to escape from your ordinary life, to get immersed in another world, if only for a little time. While reading, you can imagine yourself in different situations B _____, but in the moment that doesn’t matter. Whether you’re suffering from depression or are just bored, reading is a great distraction.

Similarly, another reason people are attracted to stories, is because they are lonely, very often they feel as if they are the only ones in the world C _____. Identifying with a fictional character can make a big difference in helping a person understand D _____.

Other people read because it can be a good way to relax. It can be very nice to sit down and enjoy a good plot unfold, to watch the actions of fictional characters from the side, and to see the consequences of these actions, E ____.

Lastly, people read because it is the easiest way to gain knowledge in a certain area. Instead of finding a teacher, you can just find a book, sit down, and spend a few hours reading. This way you can study wherever you want, whenever you want F _____.

There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.

1. try to avoid the boredom of life

2. that has consistently remained part of society

3. that they are not alone

4. going through something difficult

5. without having to bear any responsibility

6. that range from unlikely to impossible

7. at your own pace

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	4	3	5	7

Task 47

Peter and Paul Fortress

 The Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, located on small Hare Island, is the historic core of the city. The history of St. Petersburg begins with the history of the fortress.

Since 1700 Russia had been fighting the Northern War against Sweden. By 1703 the lands by the Neva River were conquered. To protect them from the attacks of the Swedes it was necessary to build a strong outpost here. The fortress was founded on Hare Island 16 (27) May, 1703 by joint plan of Peter I and French engineer Joseph-Gaspard Lambert de Guerin. This day is well known A____.

The fortress stretches from west to east with six bastions B____. The Peter’s Gate on the east side, C____, has remained since the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Cathedral, D____ emperors and the monument of Russian baroque, was completed after the death of the emperor, in 1733. The weathervane as a golden angel with a cross, E____, is one of the main symbols of the city. On the opposite side of the cathedral, there is the Mint building, constructed in the time of Paul I by architect A. Porto. Coinage was moved to the fortress F____ in the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Fortress has never directly participated in any fighting. From the very beginning of its existence it was used as a political prison. Since 1924 the Peter and Paul Fortress has been a part of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.

1. as the day of the birth of St. Petersburg

2. which was designed by D. Trezzini

3. which was the burial place of Russian

4. and reminding of the rich history of the city

5. as the most protected part of the city

6. which is located on the spire of the cathedral

7. that are located at the corners

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	7	2	3	6	5

Task 48

Surviving in a Desert

 A desert is defined as a place that gets less than 250 mm of rain each year. It differs sharply from the climate of a rain forest, A _____.

Arid desert lands cover about one third of the earth’s surface. Most deserts are covered with sand, B _____. There are also usually a lot of rocky areas. This combination of sand and rock means that the soil is not very fertile. C ____, some living things are able to do well in this setting. Many plants have changed and developed in ways D____. These changes have become apparent in a number of ways. Some plants are able to grow very quickly E____. They turn green and produce flowers within just a few days. Other desert plants simply stop growing in very dry weather. They appear to be dead, but when the rain returns, they come back to life and begin growing again.

Desert animals have also developed many characteristics that help them to survive in arid environment. Camels can go for a very long time without drinking. Other animals, such as snakes and rats, find cool places to sleep during the day and come out only at night. The extremely long ears of desert rabbits help them F_____. Changes like these have allowed some animals and plants to grow and develop successfully in a very challenging ecological system: the desert.

There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.

1. which is often in the form of hills called sand dunes

2. whenever it rains

3. to find water as far as 25 metres away

4. which can receive up to 10,000 mm of rain annually

5. to better distribute their body heat and stay cool

6. even though the desert environment is very dry and hot

7. that help them to live in the desert

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	1	6	7	2	5

Task 49

Nevsky Prospect

 Nevsky Prospect is the main and most famous street of St. Petersburg. The unique architectural ensemble of Nevsky Prospect was formed during the 18th – early 20th centuries. It starts from the bank of the Neva River, runs through the centre of the city and ends at the Neva River. The whole history of St. Petersburg can be seen in the history of the avenue. Nevsky Prospect is 4.5 km long and 25-60 m wide. The narrowest section is located from the Admiralty to the Moika River, A_____.

After the construction of the Admiralty in 1704 and the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in 1710, it was decided to build a road B_____ each other and with the Novgorod Path, which was used by Russian merchants. The construction began on both sides at the same time, the roads were laid through the wood, and in 1760s they were connected into one road, C_____, but with a turn at the Vosstaniya Square. Nevsky Prospect got its name only in 1783. The road was paved with cobble stones, D_____. It was the first street in St. Petersburg with gas lighting. By the early 20th century Nevsky Prospect had become the financial centre of Russia E____ had their offices there.

Nowadays, Nevsky Prospect is the centre of cultural and social life of St. Petersburg. There are museums, theatres, exhibition halls, cinemas, restaurants, cafés, shops F____.

1. and hotels there or nearby the avenue

2. showing the original width of the avenue

3. which was not as straight as it was planned

4. which were built by famous architects and

5. connecting these two important structures with

6. and a few rows of trees were planted along the street

7. as the 40 largest banks of Russia, Europe and America

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	5	3	6	7	1

Task 50

Whales in a Noisy Ocean

Whales use sound in very different ways. Some whales produce songs that travel over vast distances. They also use echolocation, like bats, A _____. But other noise in the ocean creates a problem for the whales.

Since 1987, the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) has sent their research vessel Song of the Whale around the world B _____. During the travels, the Song of the Whale scientists have developed expertise C ____ to listen to and record the sounds that the animals make. Thishelps them to track, identify, and survey different species.

One of the threats facing whales and other marine animals is noise pollution in the seas, such as noise from drilling, military activities, oil exploration, and coastal construction. This noise can cause great distress to whales and dolphins and can D _____.

It is feared this noise pollution may cause mass strandings, E _____. If the Song of the Whale team can F ____, then hopefully the nature and location of disturbing noise can be changed.

1. in using underwater microphones

2. to locate food and find their way

3. result in injury and even death

4. track and identify their habitats

5. to filter out food from the water

6. to provide a platform for marine research

7. when large numbers come ashore

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	1	3	7	4

Task 51

Unique nature of Kamchatka

Kamchatka is a peninsula located in the north-eastern part of Russia. It is surrounded with the Okhotskoye Sea, the Beringovo Sea and the Pacific Ocean. This region has a very unique environment A_____ one is looking for picturesque views, unforgettable travels and unity with nature.

Kamchatka is famous for its volcanoes, B_____. Volcanoes are represented on Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, the most eastern city in the northern hemisphere, coat of arms as well. There are more than 300 volcanoes

in Kamchatka, from 28 up to 36 of them are active, or potentially active. Kamchatka volcanoes are included in the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

The region is also known C____ — rivers and lakes. Many Kamchatka rivers spring from mountain tops and glaciers, that is why they are very clean, and it is wonderful for those D_____. In general, there are up to 14 thousand rivers and streams, 100 thousand lakes and 414 glaciers in Kamchatka.

Kamchatka is a home to the Valley of Geysers, E_____ geysers in the world, after Icelandic geyser fields. It is not easily accessible, as long as it is too unique to be opened for tourists all the time. The Valley of Geysers’ ecosystem is very vulnerable, F_____ and regulate the visiting. In fact, the larger part of Kamchatka is preserved. There are many nature reserves and nature parks in Kamchatka.

1. which are depicted on most souvenirs there

2. so it is necessary to monitor it all the time

3. who love fishing, including Kamchatka bears

4. which has the second largest concentration of

5. to be a place of many water sources

6. to be a popular nature reserve and health resort

7. that makes it a place to visit when

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
7	1	5	3	4	2

Task 52

The life of Pi

 «The Life of Pi» published in 2001 is the third book by the Canadian author Yann Martel. It has A_____, won several prizes and been translated into forty-one languages.

At the start of the book, we B____ in India. His father owns the city zoo and the family home is in the zoo. When they aren’t at school, Pi and his brother help their father at the zoo and he learns a lot about animals.

When Pi is sixteen, his parents decide to close the zoo and move to Canada. They travel by ship taking the animals with them. On the way, there is C_____. Sadly, Pi’s family and the sailors all die in the storm, but Pi lives and finds himself in a lifeboat with a hyena, zebra, orangutan and an enormous tiger. At first, Pi is scared of the animals and jumps into the ocean. Then he remembers there are sharks in the water and decides to climb back into the lifeboat. One by one, the animals in the lifeboat kill and eat each other, till only Pi and the tiger are left alive. Luckily for Pi, there is D_____, but he soon needs to start catching fish. He feeds the tiger to stop it killing and eating him. He also uses a whistle and E_____ and show it that he’s the boss.

Pi and the tiger spend 227 days in the lifeboat. They live through terrible storms and the burning heat of the Pacific sun. They are often hungry and ill. Finally, they arrive at the coast of Mexico, but you will have to F_____ in the end!

1. read the book to find out what happens

2. some food and water on the lifeboat

3. his knowledge of animals to control the tiger

4. received an award for being strong

5. sold seven million copies worldwide

6. learn about Pi’s childhood in Pondicherry

7. a terrible storm and the ship sinks

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	6	7	2	3	1

Task 53

Santa Claus

The man we know as Santa Claus has a history all to his own. Today, he is thought of mainly as the jolly man in red, but his story A_____ the 3rd century to a monk named St. Nicholas. It is believed that Nicholas was born sometime around 280 AD in modern-day Turkey. Much admired for his kindness, St. Nicholas B_____. It is said that he gave away all of his inherited wealth and traveled the countryside helping the poor and sick. Over the course of many years, Nicholas’s popularity spread and he became known as the protector of children and sailors. His feast day C_____ his death, December 6. This was traditionally considered a lucky day to make large purchases or to get married. By the Renaissance, St. Nicholas was the most popular saint in Europe.

St. Nicholas first D______ at the end of the 18th century. The name Santa Claus evolved from a Dutch shortened form of Sint Nikolaas. As his popularity grew, Sinter Klaas was described as everything from a jocker with a blue three-cornered hat, red waistcoat, and yellow stockings to a man wearing a broad-brimmed hat and a huge pair of Flemish trousers.

In the 19th centuries big stores E_____ using images of the newly-popular Santa Claus. In 1841, thousands of children visited a Philadelphia shop to see a life-size Santa Claus model. It F_____ before stores began to attract children, and their parents, with the lure of a peek at the “real-life” Santa Claus with his famous white beard and red gown.

1. began to advertise Christmas shopping

2. became the subject of many legends

3. began dressing up unemployed men in

4. is celebrated on the anniversary of

5. was only a matter of time

6. stretches all the way back to

7. appeared in American popular culture

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	2	4	7	1	5

Task 54

Welcome to the Smithsonian

When you visit any of the Smithsonian’s 19 museums and galleries or the National zoo, you are entering the largest museum complex in the world. This complex holds about 137 million unique objects in its trust for the American people.

The Smithsonian was established in 1846 with funds given to the United States by James Smithson, an English scientist. The main idea was to increase and spread knowledge for free. And now all Smithsonian institutions are still devoted to public education, A__________ history.

Ten Smithsonian museums and galleries are located in the centre of the U.S. capital. Six other museums and the National zoo are nearby in the Washington metropolitan area, B__________.

The 19th and the newest museum C__________ is the National Museum of African American history and culture. It is now operating in the form of a virtual museum. Its key feature is the memory book, D__________. These diverse memories are linked to each other and to the museum content, E__________.

The Smithsonian complex is home to the world’s foremost research centres in science, the arts and the humanities. Besides the basic research F__________, there are a number of special facilities. Conservation centre at the zoo studies rare and endangered species, environment centre carries out research in ecosystems in the coastal area.

1. that is carried on regularly in each of the museums

2. providing different materials in the arts, science and

3. placing a spotlight on people and events in African American history

4. that has been established within the Smithsonian complex

5. which allows website visitors to upload their own stories or images

6. and visitors can enjoy watching rare exhibits on

7. and two museums are situated in New York City

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	7	4	5	3	1

Task 55

National Gallery of Art

 The National Gallery of Art was created in Washington D.C. for the people of the United States in 1937. It started with the gift of the financier and art collector A__________. His gift also included a building to house the new museum, to be constructed on the National Mall. Opened to the public in 1941, this grand building, B__________, was at the time the largest marble structure in the world.

The newly created National Gallery soon attracted similar gifts from hundreds of other collectors. This tradition of generosity continues to this day with gifts from private donors and artists C__________.

The gallery’s East building contains the collection of modern and contemporary painting, sculpture, D__________. The East and West buildings are connected by an underground tunnel with a moving walkway.

The National Gallery enjoys federal support, E__________, to fulfill its mission to exhibit and interpret great works of European and American art in the nation’s collection. Since its founding, federal funds have fostered the protection and care of the art collection and have supported the gallery’s work, ensuring F__________. Private funding helped to create a renowned collection of works of art and to construct the two landmark buildings. Private support makes possible to arrange a changing programme of special exhibitions.

1. which is now called the West building

2. that the gallery brings daily profit to the country

3. who are willing to share their possessions with the public

4. who presented old master paintings and sculptures to the country

5. as well as partnership with private organizations

6. that the gallery is open daily and free of charge

7. as well as an advanced research centre and an art library

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	1	3	7	5	6

Task 56

Healthy school meals

Children at Southdown Infants School in Bath enjoy tasty homemade meals such as roast turkey with fresh vegetables, chicken, salad and fresh fruit for pudding. Vegetables are A ____________. Instead of crisps, chocolate and sweets, the school canteen serves organic carrots, dried fruit and fresh seasonal fruit in bags for 10p, B ______________.

Southdown’s healthy eating initiative began four years ago with the start of a breakfast club.

Now Ms Culley, the head teacher of the school, says that the teachers very clearly see the link between diet and concentration. “Children’s concentration and behaviour C ______________.” The teachers would also like to give the children the experience of eating together. It turned out that some children weren’t used to that.

Pupils are also encouraged to find out more about where their food comes from by  D ______________.

Parents are also involved and are invited in to try school dinners on special occasions, E _______________.

The efforts of staff, pupils and parents to create a healthy eating environment were recognized earlier this month F ______________ the Best School Dinner award.

Ms Culley said: “We are happy to win this award. Healthy eating is at the centre of everything we do. It’s really rewarding to see so many children enjoy real food.”

1. such as Easter and Christmas

2. visiting a local farm

3. local, fresh and organic where possible

4. provide good quality food

5. definitely improve after a good meal

6. and about 100 bags are sold each day

7. when the school was awarded

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	6	5	2	1	7

Task 57

Walking is not enough to keep fit

Walking may not be enough on its own to produce significant health benefits, research suggests. A team from Canada’s University of Alberta compared a 10,000-step exercise programme with a more traditional fitness regime of moderate intensity. Researchers found improvements A _______ were significantly higher in the second group. They told an American College of Sports Medicine meeting that gentle exercise was B __________. In total 128 people took C _________. The researchers assessed influence on fitness by measuring blood pressure and lung capacity. They found out the 10,000-step programme did help to get people motivated – and was an excellent way to start D _________. But to increase the effectiveness, some intensity must be added to their exercise. “Across your day, while you are achieving those 10,000 steps, take 200 to 400 of them at a faster pace. You’ve got to do more than light exercise and include regular moderate activity, and don’t be shy to have an occasional period of time at an energetic level.” The researchers were concerned there was too much focus E __________, rather than on its intensity.

Professor Stuart Biddle, an expert in exercise science at the University of Loughborough, said it was possible that the current guidelines on how much exercise to take were set too low. “However, you have got to find F ____. The harder you make it, the fewer people will actually do it.” Professor Biddle said there was no doubt that energetic exercise was the way to get fit, but volume rather than intensity might be more useful in tackling issues such as obesity.

1. part in the project

2. taking exercise

3. gave marked health benefits

4. in fitness levels

5. on simply getting people to take exercise

6. not enough to get fit

7. a compromise between physiology and psychology

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	6	1	2	5	7

Task 58

Double-decker Bus

A double-decker bus is a bus that has two levels. While double-decker long-distance buses are in widespread use around the world, A ____. Double-decker buses are popular in some European cities and in some parts of Asia, usually in former British colonies. Many towns around the world have a few that specialize in short sight-seeing tours for tourists because, as William Gladstone observed, «the way to see London is from the top of a ‘bus'».

Double-decker buses are taller than other buses. They are extensively used in the United Kingdom, B _____, removed from normal service in December 2005 — they still operate on heritage routes. Elsewhere in Europe, double-deckers are used throughout the Dublin Bus network in Ireland, where they are making a comeback on Dublin’s outer suburban routes and also the streets of Cork, Limerick, Galway and Waterford. They are a common sight in Berlin, where the BVG makes extensive use of them. Double-decker long-distance coaches are also in widespread use throughout Europe.

Most buses in Hong Kong and about half in Singapore are double-deckers as well. The only areas in North America that C _____ are the western Canadian province of British Columbia and the United States city of Las Vegas. They are currently being tested in Ottawa on the express routes. The city of Davis, California, in the United States uses vintage double-decker buses for public transport. Davis, California is also home to the first vintage double-decker bus converted from diesel gasoline to run on CNG. The city of Victoria, BC, the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, and a couple of others use Dennis Tridents. A few are also used as tour buses, especially in New York. Double-deckers are have also been used in Mumbai since 1937.

In Brazil, D _____, some companies use double-decker buses. Double-deckers are not a good option for use outside the towns (most roads in Brazil are in very poor condition), and E _____.

Double-decker buses are in widespread use in India in many of the major cities. Some double-decker buses F _____, with no roof and shallow sides. These are popular for sightseeing tours.

1. double-deckers are adored by thousands of tourists

2. use double-decker buses for public transport

3. double-decker city buses are less common

4. where perhaps the most famous was the London Routemaster

5. their use is being discouraged by transportation authorities

6. have an open upper deck

7. where buses are sometimes the only interstate transport

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	4	2	7	5	6

Task 59

Natural Links In a Long Chain of Being

I believe we are not alone.

Even if I am on the other side of the world from the farmhouse I live in, I still dream of the ancient vines out the window, and the shed out back that my grandfather’s father built in 1870 with eucalyptus trunks. As long as I can recreate these images, A ____. 

All of us need some grounding in our modern world of constant moving, buying, selling, meeting and leaving. Some find constancy in religion, others in friends or community. But we need some daily signposts that we are not different, not better, B ____. 

For me, this house, farm, these ancient vines are those roots. Although I came into this world alone and will leave alone, I am not alone. 

There are ghosts of dozens of conversations in the hallways, stories I remember about buying new plows that now rust in the barnyard and ruined crops from the same vines C ____. 

All of us are natural links in a long chain of being, and that I need to know what time of day it is, what season is coming, whether the wind is blowing north or from the east, and if the moon is still full tomorrow night, D _____. 

The physical world around us constantly changes, E _____. We must struggle in our brief existence to find some transcendent meaning and so find relief in the knowledge F _____.

You may find that too boring, living with the past as present. I find it refreshing. There is an old answer to every new problem, that wise whispers of the past are with us. If we just listen and remember, we are not alone; we have been here before.

1. I never quite leave home

2. but human nature does not

3. that we are now harvesting

4. but we as well as our heart did not

5. not worse than those who came before us

6. just as the farmers who came before me did

7. that our ancestors have gone through this before

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	5	3	6	2	7

Task 60

The Show Begins

My Uncle Jim took me to all the Broadway shows in New York City, and I was star struck! Actually he wasn’t my real uncle – that’s just what we called him. He was a close friend of my parents. He was a bit stocky with red hair, A _________.

I remember the theaters on Broadway, B __________. The curtains were made of this real heavy, dark red material. There were huge chandelier lights hanging from the ceiling. The walls were dark, paneled wood. The seats were red and cushy C __________.

The orchestra sat at the base of the stage in a pit. I usually went down to the front to see the musicians D __________. They were all crammed into such a tiny space. I played the flute myself and my dad kept encouraging me that if I kept it up, E ___________. But truly, I didn’t want to be tucked away down there. I wanted to be on top, front and center.

Most people dressed rather finely, and certain fragrances took center stage as various women passed by. The sounds of the audience F __________ at their seats were clearly heard while last minute patrons filled in. There was electricity in the air and then the lights would go down and up, and you knew it was time for the show to get started. The lights dimmed. The music began. And you were swept up into a whole new world. I loved it!

1. I could be playing down there someday

2. and set real close together

3. which were so old and posh

4. and he had a beard and moustache

5. I wasn’t that good at music

6. getting ready and warming up

7. laughing and chattering away

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	3	2	6	1	7

Task 61

Scouting moves ahead

The Scout Movement, which is also known as the Boy Scouts has changed massively in more than 100 years, though many people do not realise this.

For many people in Britain the word “scouting” evokes images of boys in short trousers A__________. Many people imagine that the Scout Association and its female counterpart the Guides Association are old-fashioned. They think these associations are for people B__________ than the future, people who just like camping in the rain and washing in cold water.

It’s quite easy to understand why Scouts and Guides have this sort of image. The “Boy Scouts” were founded over 100 years ago by Robert Baden-Powell, a retired English army general; the “Girl Guides” followed three years later. They were organised in an almost military manner. Young people had to learn discipline and how to do things as a group. They C__________ in difficult conditions, learnt to make campfires and, yes, they certainly had to get used to washing in cold water. In those days though, that D__________ many people washed in cold water.

Nevertheless, even at the start, there was much more to scouting than that. Scouts and Guides also learned the value of solidarity. Right from the start, they had to cope with difficult situations, E__________, and play a useful part in society. Baden-Powell’s organisations were inclusive, and never exclusive; any young person could become a Scout or a Guide, regardless of race, background or religion.

Though the Scout and Guide movements began in England, they soon spread to other countries, and within 50 years, scouting F__________ with young people all over the world.

1. who are more interested in the past

2. and girls in blue uniforms

3. that were generally better

4. was not particularly unusual as

5. went on camping expeditions

6. interact with other people

7. had become a popular activity

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	1	5	4	6	7

Task 62

Skip the sun, get a glow the healthy way

Everyone at some point has wanted a “healthy glow,” whether it’s a must-have for summer, or a vacation, the thought of tan skin has crossed the minds of millions. If you are pale, it A__________. There is wild excitement when after a day in the sun your skin is tan, not burnt. Surely everyone is familiar with the famous conversation upon the realization that you got fried at the beach. Your friends reassure you with “Don’t worry it B__________.” It may all seem like fun and games at the time, but alarming new research C__________.

Some tan-seekers do it the old-fashioned way, grab a towel and hit the pool or beach. Recently, millions of young girls D__________ instead. Regardless of how the tan is achieved, any change in skin coloring is evidence of skin cell damage. This can lead to cancer. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, melanoma, or skin cancer, among people aged 18 to 39 has risen dramatically. In the United States the number of skin cancer cases due to tanning, is higher than the number of lung cancer cases due to smoking.

While it is true that being outside and active is great for your body and the sun does provide vitamin D, everyone’s health still needs protecting. However, it’s E__________, limit time spent in direct sunlight, between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., and wear sunscreen at all times. A fashionable option is the sun hat: both elegant and fun. Big floppy hats may seem ridiculous at first, but F__________.

Another advice is to look into sunless tanners: They are cheap and in no way endanger the lives of users. So, fake it, don’t bake it!

1. takes a lot of time and effort to tan

2. have been turning to tanning beds

3. they are actually quite classy accessories

4. better to avoid indoor tanning

5. have inspired people to get their skin checked

6. will eventually turn into a tan

7. has taken the healthy out of healthy glow

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	6	7	2	4	3

Task 63

Grant-making agency

The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) is an independent grant-making agency of the United States government. Established in 1965, it is one of the largest sources of grant funds for humanities projects and programs in the U.S. NEH promotes knowledge of the history, thought, and culture, not only of the United States, A__________.

NEH grants facilitate research and original scholarship, strengthen teaching and learning in the humanities in American schools and colleges, give opportunities for citizens to engage in lifelong learning, B__________.

The Endowment is directed by a chairman, C__________ and confirmed by the U.S. Senate for a term of four years. Advising the chairman is the National Council on the Humanities, a board of 26 distinguished private citizens D__________ with the advice of the Senate. The National Council members serve six-year terms.

NEH grants are typically awarded to U.S. cultural institutions, such as museums, archives, libraries, colleges, universities, and public television and radio stations, E__________. Eligibility is limited to U.S. non-profit institutions and to U.S. citizens and foreigners F__________ prior to the time of application. Grants are awarded through a competitive process. The chairman takes into account the advice provided by the review process and, by law, makes all funding decisions.

1. who is appointed by the president

2. but of other countries of the world

3. but in every aspect of social sciences

4. who are also appointed by the president

5. who have been living in the U.S. for three years

6. as well as to individual scholars of the humanities

7. as well as provide access to cultural and educational resources

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	7	1	4	6	5

Task 64

The Bonfire Night

The 5th of November has always had a very special place in my heart. More important than New Year’s Eve, but probably less important than the Olympics ceremonies, the 5th of November every year is A __________ all over the country to go wild!

The night of the 5th is often cold and damp and parents wrap up their children in layers of jumpers, coats, hats, scarves and gloves. They fuss over the littlest B __________ aren’t scared. They comfort their pets and give them a safe place to curl up inside, away from the cacophony about to start outside.

Outside the bonfire is C __________ up your nose. If you’re lucky, there might be some pumpkin soup left over from Halloween to warm you up, because in spite of all the layers and the excitement, you’ll still need warming up until the bonfire gets going!

When it’s absolutely dark and the bonfire is blazing, the children and parents huddle together in groups, staring up at the sky. What are they waiting for? The screech of the first firework deafens them all and D __________. The “oohs” and “aaahs” of the crowd keep perfect time with the “kabooms” of the rockets. With every firework that lights up the sky, parents watch the delight grow on their children’s faces and sigh with relief.

After the grand finale, they make their way home with the noises still echoing in their ears. An extra special treat E __________! Waving them through the chilly air, spelling out names and drawing pictures, even the oldest members of the family remember how to be kids!

This is what the 5th of November means to me. Every year, it F __________ such bright and colourful fireworks and heard such loud bangs. I really hope I never grow out of it!

1. differences in traditions

2. children and hope that they

3. the day for fireworks lovers

4. the explosion lights up the sky

5. feels like the first time I’ve seen

6. waits at home though: sparklers

7. lit and the smell of smoke creeps

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	2	7	4	6	5

Task 65

Earth-sheltered homes

Earth-sheltered or simply underground homes are one of those creations by man, which brings him closer to nature. Unlike the normal traditional houses that A __________, these earth-sheltered homes are built using the shelter of the ground. Earth-sheltered homes can be easily made in hilly areas.

The basic idea behind the construction of such a house is that they are built with the idea of B ________ and each of these homes is built entirely different from each other.

The construction of these homes is usually done according to the shape of the area where the house is built. Their designs C ________ to the nature. The early earth houses which were initially built lacked windows. Modern day earth-sheltered homes though have windows as well as any other facility that the people living there might require.

Some of the major benefits of earth-sheltered homes are that they are naturally insulating. This makes them cool in the summer and cozy and warm in the winter. Another advantage D __________ and are well protected from earthquakes as well as wind-storms. Many earth-sheltered homes are also defended against intruders since there is usually only one entry.

As everything has its pros and cons, earth-sheltered homes also do. The interior decoration of these homes, like placing the furniture or huge paintings, E __________. These homes also have dark spaces inside and for this reason, lots of lighting is essential.

Earth-sheltered homes are one of the greenest housing designs that combines Mother Nature with eco-friendly F __________.

1. are built on the ground

2. are usually very organic

3. is being built facing south

4. being environmentally friendly

5. building materials and lifestyle

6. is that these homes are safe from fire

7. can be difficult due to the construction

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	4	2	6	7	5

Task 66

Australia

Australia is one of the world’s most ethnically diverse nations. Nearly a quarter of the people who live in Australia A __________. They come from the United Kingdom and other European countries, but also from China, Vietnam, North Africa, and the Middle East.

First people arrived in Australia about 50,000 years ago. They B __________ land bridges when sea levels were lower. The next to land in Australia were Dutch explorers. They came in 1606. In 1788 the British began to settle there. Many settlers C __________ as punishment. For a short time, the newcomers lived peacefully with the Aboriginal people.

In 1851, gold was discovered in Australia. A rush to find riches brought D __________ 1859, six separate colonies were created which later became part of the British Commonwealth.

Australian culture is founded on stories of battlers, bushrangers and brave soldiers. Today E __________ its Aboriginal heritage, vibrant mix of cultures, innovative ideas and a thriving ecosystem.

Australia’s ecosystem is an unusual one because of its remote location. As a result, there are F __________ and nowhere else in the world, such as kangaroo and koala.

One of Australia’s most amazing sites rises like an enormous whale’s back from a flat desert called the Red Center. It is a sacred natural formation at the heart of the country and the largest rock in the world!

1. Australia is one of the most

2. were born in other countries

3. Australia also defines itself by

4. many animal species that occur here

5. may have travelled from Asia across

6. thousands of new immigrants, and by

7. were criminals sent to live in Australia

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	5	7	6	3	4

Task 67

Living nature in Madeira

Right in the middle of the Atlantic, the islands of Madeira and Porto Santo are a haven of natural beauty. The exotic colours of the flowers stand out from among the blue sea and the emerald green vegetation. This is an archipelago where the big territory is a protected area and A __________ is located.

The Madeira Natural Park was created in 1982 to preserve this vast natural heritage, a worldwide rarity. The park is classified as a Biogenetic Reserve, B __________, with some rare species such as the mountain orchid, unique in the world, and also some exotic large trees. To visit this park is to discover Nature! The park covers about two-thirds of the island, making Madeira a truly ecological destination.

The springtime temperature, C __________, cries out for open air activities. Visitors can go for a walk in the park, visit the city of Funchal or roam freely around the island. Boat rides are an excellent way of D __________. In such a naturally welcoming environment, balance and well-being are taken for granted. Madeira offers various tourist complexes E __________.

Popular feasts, F __________, are opportunities to appreciate traditional gastronomic flavours and see Madeira partying, especially for the Carnival parades, the Flower festival, the Atlantic festival and, above all, the end-of-year fireworks display.

1. which is felt all year round

2. which take place in Madeira all year round

3. where the largest laurel forest in the world

4. admiring the coastline from a different perspective

5. where one can find a unique range of flora and fauna

6. choosing this holiday destination for its natural beauty

7. that have prime conditions for boating and scuba diving

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	5	1	4	7	2

Task 68

Wild animals in cities

Have you ever seen bears in Vancouver parks, leopards on the streets of Mumbai or wild pigs in gardens in Berlin? Recently, there A __________ on TV about big animals coming into towns and cities. What happens when wild animals come into our cities? Is it dangerous for us and the animals?

Wild animals usually come into cities to look for food. In Cape Town, South Africa, baboons sometimes come into the suburbs. They eat fruit from gardens and go into people’s kitchens and take food from cupboards and fridges! Baboons are B __________ children and fight with pet dogs. Many people do not like them, but the city can be dangerous for baboons too. Sometimes, baboons are C __________ human food can be very bad for their teeth. The city council in Cape Town has a team of Baboon Monitors whose job is to find baboons D ___________ to the countryside. This makes the city safer for people and is healthier for the baboons. However, the main problem is that a lot of baboons will come back to the city to find food again.

In Berlin, Germany, groups of wild pigs have come into the city for hundreds of years, but now the winters are warmer, there are even more pigs than in the past. Pigs eat flowers and plants and dig in gardens and parks in the city. They also E __________ accidents. Some city residents like the pigs and give them food. But the city council is worried about the traffic accidents, so they F __________ have put up fences to stop the pigs coming into the city.

1. cause lots of problems

2. in the city and take them back

3. walk in the street and cause traffic

4. hurt in car accidents and the sugar in

5. strong animals and sometimes they scare

6. have been many reports in newspapers and

7. have told people to stop giving the pigs food and

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	5	4	2	3	7

Task 69

Europe’s best hidden gems

There are incredible destinations in Europe known worldwide, such as Amsterdam and its canals, London and its museums, its shopping and atmosphere, or Paris, the City of Light. Europe also has thousands of hidden treasures. There is a wide selection of the finest unknown destinations in Europe, from Lugano in Switzerland  A __________.

Lugano is an international city, the crossroads and melting pot of European culture. It constitutes one of the most interesting regions to be discovered. Lugano is not only Switzerland’s third most important financial centre,  B __________ old buildings.

The area of Cinque Terre in Italy represents one of the best preserved natural sights of the Mediterranean. Human activity has contributed to creating a unique landscape in which the development of typical stone walls is so extensive C __________. All this, D __________, makes the Cinque Terre an increasingly popular location among Italian and foreign tourists.

Sintra is a jewel set between the mountains and the sea, waiting to be discovered by tourists E __________, luxuriant nature and cosmopolitan cultural offer. Sintra has a wonderful charm that left a deep impression on the soul and work of the writers F __________. Sintra is truly the capital of Romanticism. It is a place to be experienced by everyone!

1. but showed evidence of an early human housing

2. to Cinque Terre in Italy and Sintra in Portugal

3. as to equal that of the famous Great Wall of China

4. but also a town of parks and flowers, villas and

5. who want to be lost in its majestic historical heritage

6. combined with the beauty of a crystal clear sea

7. who pioneered the Romantic spirit in the eighteenth century

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	4	3	6	5	7

Task 70

Beautiful cities of Italy

The political and cultural centre of Italy is the ‘Eternal City’, Rome. Ever since the Roman Empire, as its capital, Rome has become famous as a centre of European culture. The most striking sights of Rome are, of course, the Colosseum and the Forum. Once the Colosseum was able to receive about 50 thousand spectators, A __________ and concert halls. The Pantheon, the old temple of all gods, B __________, is also located in Rome.

The second most important town in Italy is Milan. Milan is the capital of fashion and C __________, exhibitions and conferences. The main attraction of Milan is its Cathedral Square, where the monument to the King Victor Emmanuel II is installed. Theatre fans will not be left disappointed by visiting the Theatre of La Scala.

The most popular city among tourists is Venice. The city is unique because it has more than 120 islands, D __________ and 400 bridges. Venice has been known for more than fifteen hundred years, and for E __________. The main area of the city is Saint Mark’s Square with the Cathedral of San Marco. One of the most beautiful buildings in Venice is the Palace of Doges. The other famous attraction is the Grand Canal F______.

In addition to this, there are such beautiful cities in Italy as Naples, Turin, Florence, Genoa, Pisa and the islands of Sardinia and Sicily. All of them are outstanding places to visit.

1. that is the largest in Venice

2. which was built in the early I century

3. that everyone is dreaming about this trip

4. which is comparable with modern stadiums

5. which are сonnected by more than 150 canals

6. the venue for major international festivals

7. that time it produced a lot of attractions

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
4	2	6	5	7	1

Task 71

City of fountains

 Peterhof is a monument of world architecture and palace and park art. Peterhof includes a palace and park ensemble of the 18-19th centuries, A__________. Peterhof is a city of fountains as it contains 173 fountains and 4 cascades B__________. Each year up to 3 million people come here to enjoy the splendour of numerous fountains and the unique parks of Peterhof.

The name Peterhof was first mentioned in 1705. It was a coastal manor, close to which the construction of a grand country residence began. The original plan belonged to Peter the Great. After the brilliant victory of Russian troops over the Swedes, security of St. Petersburg both from the land C__________. Since that time, the construction of the Peterhof residence grew immensely in scope.

According to the plan of Peter the Great, on the one hand, Peterhof was meant to be equal in splendour with the most famous royal residences in Europe, D__________ to access the Baltic Sea. Both were successfully done. The Great Palace was built on a natural hill here, E__________. Following the plan of Peter the Great, F__________, the Grand Cascade with the famous Samson fountain was constructed. This is still one of the most spectacular fountains in the world. In 1990 the palaces and parks of Peterhof were included in the list of the world heritage of UNESCO.

1. and from the sea has been firmly ensured

2. which is a former royal countryside residence

3. who designs many royal residences in Europe

4. and then rebuilt in the baroque style in the 18th century

5. who wanted to decorate the main entrance with waterfalls

6. that are located in the park on the coast of the Gulf of Finland

7. and on the other hand, to become a monument of Russia’s struggle

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	6	1	7	4	5

Task 72

Sights of Sochi

 Sochi is unique among other Russian cities because it has many aspects of a subtropical resort. Apart from the scenic Caucasus Mountains, pebble and sand beaches, the city attracts tourists with its vegetation, numerous parks, monuments, and extravagant architecture. About two million people visit Greater Sochi each summer, A__________. The famous Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, B__________, lies just north from the city.

Popularity of Sochi among tourists is largely explained by the beauty of its surroundings. Walking along the river Agura, everyone will admire the nature around, C__________, and amazing waterfalls. From the bridge over the Agura opens a magnificent view to the lowest Agura waterfall. In the shady Agura gorge tourists will feel the gentle coolness, D__________.

Akhun Mountain the biggest in the region has a beautiful tower on the top. The height of the tower is more than 30 metres, E__________ are stunning. The observation platform on the top of the tower gives a chance to take superb pictures of the city. Every year thousands of people visit this stone tower, F__________ the perfect view of the Black Sea coast and the Caucasus Mountains. It is a truly unforgettable experience. Tourists will enjoy visiting all the sights and the resort itself, full of exotic green and the boundless blue of the Black Sea. 

1. and the views that open from it

2. which is built on the top to give visitors

3. when the subtropical resort is almost empty

4. which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

5. enjoying the sound of birds singing and waterfalls gurgling

6. when the city is home to the annual film festival “Kinotavr”

7. including high cliffs, exotic vegetation, breathtaking canyons

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
6	4	7	5	1	2

Task 73

Saint Petersburg

 A city of palaces and museums, broad avenues and narrow canals, St. Petersburg’s short history is rich in architectural and artistic treasures. Alongside world-famous attractions such as the Hermitage and St. Isaac’s Cathedral, the city has a lot of equally interesting buildings A__________. St. Petersburg is considered to be Russia’s cultural capital. It reflects the country’s extraordinary fate like no other city.

St. Petersburg is a relatively young city, by both Russian and European standards, as B__________. Despite its short life, the city has a rich history. From the early days of Peter the Great to modern times, the city has always bustled with life and intrigue.

Lying across the delta of the Neva River, St. Petersburg, the Venice of the North, is a city C__________, some of which are well-known for their unique history. Bridges are an essential part of the city’s architectural make-up. Among the city’s over 500 bridges, there are numerous technological masterpieces. The centre of the city offers vast areas of green space, D__________.

St. Petersburg is a beautiful and fascinating holiday destination and one E__________. Whether to visit the city in a romantic and snowy Russian winter F__________, visitors will be spellbound by 
St. Petersburg’s culture and beauty. 

1. that is built on hundreds of islands

2. or during the dazzling white nights in summer

3. it was only founded in 1703 by Tsar Peter the Great

4. or considering a variety of the trip accommodation offers

5. that reveal the mysterious and tragic genius of St. Petersburg

6. of the most intriguing and historically significant cities in Europe

7. including beautiful historic gardens and extensive leisure parks

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
5	3	1	7	6	2

Task 74

State Hermitage Museum

 The Hermitage is St. Petersburg’s most popular visitor attraction, and one of the world’s largest and most prestigious museums. It is a must-see for all first-time travellers to the city. With over 3 million items in its collection, it also rewards repeat visits, A__________ of the riches on offer here, from Impressionist masterpieces to fascinating Oriental treasures. It was estimated B__________ on display for just one minute. So many visitors prefer a guided tour to ensure C__________ highlights. Art-lovers, however, may find it more rewarding to seek out for themselves the works D__________.

The bulk of the Hermitage collection is housed in the Winter Palace, E__________. However, there are a number of other sites that constitute part of the Hermitage, including the recently opened Storage Facility in the north of St. Petersburg. It offers guided tours through some of the museum’s vast stocks. The magnificent General Staff Building opposite the Winter Palace is most famous for its central triumphal arch, F__________ Nevsky Prospekt. The General Staff Building contains a number of unique exhibitions. It includes the Modern European Art, probably the most visited section of the Hermitage with well-known collections of Picasso and Matisse, as well as a wealth of popular Impressionist paintings. 

1. that they are particularly interested in

2. that they have time to catch all the collection’s

3. and new-comers can only hope to get a brief taste

4. which brings pedestrians out on to Palace Square from

5. that one would need eleven years to view each exhibit

6. which was the official residence of the Russian emperors

7. and the exhibition was often visited by military historians

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
3	5	2	1	6	4

Task 75

Letniy Sad

 Letniy Sad (The Summer Garden) is a park ensemble, a monument of landscape art of the 18th century. Letniy Sad is the oldest park in St. Petersburg. The park was founded by Peter I in 1704. The Tsar dreamed of his own Versailles and drew its original plan himself. He planned to create a regular, architectural park with accurate layout and straight paths. Prominent architects and gardeners took part in its creation. The park was supposed to become a place of relaxation, A__________.

Letniy Sad is surrounded by water. Natural boundary of the park from the north and east are the Neva and Fontanka Rivers, B__________.

Peter I brought sculptures from Italy for the park and was very proud of them. In the 18th century there were more than two hundred sculptures, C__________, or moved to suburban royal residences and the Hermitage. Now Letniy Sad is decorated with 90 sculptures – copies made of artificial marble.

In May, 2012 Letniy Sad was opened after reconstruction. The reconstruction work had been going on for about three years, D__________ Letniy Sad as it was in the 18th century. Among the new items in Letniy Sad, there is the Archaeological Museum, E__________ during the restoration of the park. Visitors can take a tour of the park F__________ on Sundays. 

1. and restorers have done everything possible to keep

2. combining the features of urban and suburban estates

3. which are planned to be the centre of scientific research

4. which contains interesting objects found by archaeologists

5. but later many of them were either destroyed in the flood

6. and enjoy the exhibitions and performances of a brass band

7. and from the south and west – the Moika River and the Lebyazhiy Canal

Ответ	A	B	C	D	E	F
2	7	5	1	4	6

55

Прочитай приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуй слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполни пропуски полученными словами.

I was so happy to have the chance to go to an art summer camp on holidays. An opportunity to spend 10 DAY among children from different places was wonderful.

We were going to live in a very picturesque place. BEAUTIFUL than than I expected

When we arrived, the ONE thing we had was a greet meeting, where we got to know each other.

The next day we went to the local lake for a picnic, but unfortunately we NOT / STAY long there because of the rain that started an hour later.

Each day we could choose among numerous art activities. I tried most of THEY during my stay in the camp.

It was the GOOD summer holiday in my life! Now I have many new friends.

Yesterday INVITE by my camp roommate to visit her family country house at the weekend.

Образцы вариантов ВПР 2023 года, демоверсии всероссийской проверочной работы для 7 класса по Английскому языку.

1. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  City attractions.

2.  A London cinema.

3.  A London theatre.

4.  A London street.

5.  Nature sights.

6.  A London museum.

A.  The Lake District, in the northwest of England, is a small area, but extremely beautiful, with the varied delights of soft hills and woodland and the panoramas of the great lakes. The Lake District is more often visited, both by day tourists and holidaymakers, than any other region of outstanding natural beauty in the British Isles.

B.  England’s most ancient northern city lies on the River Ouse in the centre of the Vale of York between the Yorkshire Dales and the North York Moors. It was once the principal town of Yorkshire, and it remains the seat of the Archbishop of York. A child-friendly city, its Viking, Castle and Railway museums have plenty to engage young people as well as adults.

C.  Along the north part of Trafalgar Square is the famous National Gallery. Founded in 1824, the gallery has since grown into one of the most outstanding and comprehensive collections in the world, with a list of masters ranging from Leonardo da Vinci and Rembrandt to El Greco and Van Gogh.

D.  The London Coliseum famous for its richly decorated interiors was used for variety shows, musical comedies, and stage plays for many years. In 1974 its name was changed to the English National Opera. Today it is used primarily for opera as well as being the London home of the English National Ballet. When not on tour they perform regular seasons throughout the year.

E.  The Mall is London’s impressive ceremonial way, a broad tree-lined avenue. The spectacular parade takes place here each June to celebrate the official Birthday of the Sovereign. Queen Elizabeth II rides down the avenue in a horse-drawn carriage. Over 1,000 officers and men are on parade, together with two hundred horses; over two hundred musicians march and play as one.

Запишите в таблицу выбранные цифры под соответствующими буквами.

A	B	C	D	E

2. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  Country’s brave defenders.

2.  A really international place.

3.  Governesses of rich children.

4.  Textile business links.

5.  A nice-sounding building.

6.  The initial steps of commerce.

A.  Moscow has always been a multicultural city. If we look back at its history, we will see that there were several foreign communities living in Moscow on a permanent basis. We all know about German people inhabiting the banks of the Yauza river, where little Peter, the future tsar of all Russia, ran around, made friends and got his first ideas of learning about ships and fleets. But what do we know about the British community of Moscow? Did it even exist?

B.  The first ties between Russia and Britain were formed in the middle of the 16th century in the time of Ivan the Terrible. It was then that some wealthy British merchants founded the Muscovy Company which held a monopoly on trade between Britain and Russia until 1698. The building of its Moscow headquarters was granted to the company by the tsar in 1556 and can be still visited at 4, Varvarka Street, known to us now as The Old English Court.

С. Beginning from the time of Peter the Great, several talented British military men moved to Russia. Many of them served as army generals and navy admirals, defending Russian borders in different wars and battles. Among the most famous ones were Field Marshall James Bruce, Field Marshall Barclay de Tolly and Admiral Thomas Mackenzie, all of them of Scottish origin.

D.  In the 18th century, British industrialists made themselves known in Russia. One of the most outstanding figures was Robert McGill, who lived in Moscow and served as an intermediary between Lancashire mill engineers and the Russian cotton industry, and built over 180 mills (cotton factories) in Russia. Robert McGill had a house in Spiridonovka Street and together with his wife Jane was a prominent member of the British community in Moscow.

E.  If you talk to Moscow concert musicians who were active between the 1970s and the 1990s, they will tell you of the fantastic acoustics of the “Melodiya” recording studio at 8, Voznesensky Lane, which they lovingly called ‘kirche’, mistakenly thinking it was a German church. This building, designed in the English neo-gothic architectural style, was in fact built in 1885 by Robert McGill and is St. Andrew’s Anglican Church, which was used as a recording studio in Soviet times.

Запишите в таблицу выбранные цифры под соответствующими буквами.

A	B	C	D	E

3. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  Soapy Plates

2.  Enjoyable Ads

3.  Where is the Fog?

4.  Main Tourist Attraction

5.  Traditional Measures

6.  Who Should Do It?

A.  An Italian boy, who is in Britain for the first time, talked about the weather, “I can’t understand it. I’ve been here for over a week and I still haven’t seen any fog!”

B.  A Japanese student from Tokyo said, “I’ve been in Britain since April and have been living with a British family. I’ve noticed one big difference between British and Japanese families. British men do jobs like cooking, washing up and ironing. They’re jobs which I’ve never seen Japanese men do. They think it’s women’s work. But I don’t agree with it!”

C.  A German student at a language school in Oxford said, “I thought Britain was a modern European country  — you’ve been in the EEC for years now. So why do you still use miles,Or pints and pounds instead of kilometres, litres and kilos? And why do you still drive on the wrong side of the road?”

D.  A Danish girl who works as an «au pair» in Liverpool said, “I came to Britain a month ago. I’ve noticed one very strange thing here. After British people have washed the dishes, they never rinse them. They just take them out of the dirty, soapy water and leave them to dry!”

E.  A Swedish girl said, “I’ve watched a lot of television since I arrived two weeks ago. British television’s brilliant! But the “programmes” which I’ve enjoyed most are the advertisements. They’re very funny or very clever, or both. Back home in Sweden we don’t have any TV advertisements at all!”

Запишите в таблицу выбранные цифры под соответствующими буквами.

A	B	C	D	E

4. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  Polite Neighbours

2.  A Working TV set

3.  Night Visitors

4.  Anxious Night

5.  Ready to Defend Myself

6.  Strangers in the Garden

A.  Last night, at about three o’clock in the morning, I heard a strange noise downstairs. I got out of bed and put on my dressing gown. With my heart beating fast, I slowly went to the top of the stairs. It sounded like there were people talking in the kitchen.

B.  I didn’t know what to do. Finally, I decided to go downstairs. I made my way quietly down the stairs and listened at the kitchen door. A man asked: “Did you kill him?” and a woman replied: “Yes, I shot him.” Then the man asked: ’’Why did you do that?” Suddenly I realised that there were not really any people in the kitchen. It was just the TV. But why did it turn itself on in the middle of the night?

C.  While I was standing in the kitchen wondering about the TV, I looked out of the window. It was dark, but I could see a figure outside. Someone was walking slowly across the garden! He whispered something. He was talking to another person! What were they doing in my garden?

D.  I was wondering what to do when they started walking towards the kitchen window. They were coming towards me! I didn’t know what to do so I grabbed a knife and waited. They were getting closer and closer. I was so frightened. They came right up to the window, and I saw their faces. It was my neighbours, Anna and Larry!

E.  They obviously were not trying to break into my house, so why were they talking in my garden in the middle of the night? I opened the kitchen door and Anna and Larry came in. They sat down, and I made them both a cup of coffee. This is what Anna told me: “We were sleeping in our bedroom when we heard a loud noise coming from your kitchen. So Alan and I decided to investigate. We came down to your garden, but couldn’t see any lights on.

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A	B	C	D	E

5. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  Shopping

2.  Entertainment

3.  Celebrities

4.  Places to visit

5.  Eating out

6.  Accommodation

A.  Los Angeles is the second largest city in the USA. It’s also home to film stars, sunny weather, tall buildings and heavy traffic. The hotels in LA are more expensive than those in many other American cities, but they are pretty clean and safe.

B.  There are many interesting places that you can visit, like Venice Beach with its street performers or Universal Studios to see how they make films. Children can visit the Children’s Museum  — ne of the most exciting museums in the world.

C.  There are famous restaurants you can eat at, like the Buffalo Hub, a place packed with celebrities, or Musso and Frank’s, Hollywood’s oldest restaurant. For the most delicious Mexican dishes at the Border Grill.

D.  You can buy cheap fashionable clothes on Melrose Avenue. Do you want designer clothes? Then go to the expensive shops on Rodeo Drive. A visit there is always unforgettable.

E.  The nightlife is exciting on the Sunset Strip, an area in Hollywood with famous clubs. There you can enjoy rock’n’roll music. LA is a really modern city with something for everyone. It’s noisy and crowded, but it’s also fascinating.

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A	B	C	D	E

6. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  Computer virus.

2.  Game addiction.

3.  A crime.

4.  An important message.

5.  Punishment.

6.  Using neighbours’ wi-fi.

A.  A Singapore teenager who used his neighbours’ wi-fi Internet network will not be able to use the Internet for the next 12 months. The message for wi-fi users is clear: if it isn’t yours, don’t use it.

B.  Seventeen-year-old Tan Luo was an online-game fan and played games at all hours of the day. He didn’t have time to study and wasn’t able to complete his course at the college. In the end, his parents were very worried and they disconnected their Internet access so Tan couldn’t go online.

C.  However, this didn’t stop him. He knew his neighbours had Internet access, so he used theirs. He was able to connect to their wireless Internet network, or ‘wi-fi’, and continued playing online games from his own home.

D.  The neighbours noticed Tan was using their wi-fi one night. They told him to stop, but he didn’t, and so they called the police. In Singapore it’s a crime to use a wi-fi network that isn’t yours. So, the young wi-fi thief had to go to court.

E.  In court, Tan said he was very sorry. The judge didn’t sent him to prison. Instead, he sent Tan to a boys’ hostel for nine months. At the hostel, he will do sports and other activities, but he won’t be allowed to play video games. Furthermore, he won’t be able to use the Internet for the next year.

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A	B	C	D	E

7. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  Making money.

2.  Just like real life.

3.  Old customs disappear.

4.  Scare yourself.

5.  The first theme park.

6.  See Ancient Egypt.

A.  For many years, it has been a tradition in many parts of the world to hold a fair during public holidays. During religious festivals, there was a carnival atmosphere in many towns as fairgrounds appeared for a few days for people just to have fun. But slowly these fairs have been replaced by more permanent sites, where people can have fun all the year round.

B.  Opened in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park. Visitors were greeted by characters from various Disney films and the procession of Mickey Mouse and his friends is still a beautiful sight for people of all ages.

C.  Nowadays, such parks can be found all over the world: indeed, it is becoming hard to avoid them. Special events, such as unforgettable firework displays, are organised in order to bring in the crowds. Creating a theme park involves a lot of money and the managers cannot afford to relax.

D.  A trip to a fun park is not complete without something to really scare you. A roller coaster is nothing special these days. For real thrills, there’s ‘Oblivion’, at Alton Towers in England, which takes you headfirst into a dark hole filled with smoke. It doesn’t last long, but three minutes of nightmare is enough.

E.  For people who don’t like frightening rides there are plenty of other ways to spend the time. At the Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas, there is a glass copy of the tomb of Tutankhamun. There are shops and restaurants and imitation temples, but-best of all there is the possibility of a boat trip down the Nile.Запишите в таблицу выбранные цифры под соответствующими буквами.

A	B	C	D	E

8. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  Groups of stars.

2.  Hot clouds of gas.

3.  Moving to the west.

4.  Giving out light.

5.  Orbiting round stars.

6.  The nearest star.

A.  Over millions of years, hot clouds of gas called ‘nebulae’ grow until they explode and form huge, blazing balls of fire. This is how stars are born. Our own sun is a star. Eventually, like all stars, it will run out of fuel and die. Don ’t worry though  — this won’t happen for another 5 billion years!

B.  Stars are sources of light. This is the reason they shine so brightly in the sky. The moon, planets and comets also shine, but they don’t give out their own light. They just reflect it from the sun.

C.  Stars are very, very far away. In fact, when their light reaches our eyes, we sometimes see them as they were thousands of years ago. Our sun is the nearest star to Earth, but it is still about 160 million km away! It is part of the Milky Way galaxy, a white band of stars that stretches across the night sky.

D.  Constellations are groups of stars. If you draw lines between them (and use lots of imagination) they sometimes look like objects, animals or people. The ancient Greeks thought that Orion looked like a giant hunter with a sword attached to his belt.

E.  As the earth moves around the sun, we see the constellations in different positions in the sky at different times of the year. In the same way, the whole sky seems to move towards the west as the earth rotates on its axis throughout the night.

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A	B	C	D	E

9. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  Dangerous shoes.

2.  Following the rules.

3.  Angry shoppers.

4.  New fashion.

5.  Dress rules.

6.  Wear in special areas.

A.  A new kind of training shoes, with wheels in the heel, are in fashion in Wales. Many teenagers asked for them at Christmas. But the manager of the St Andrew`s Shopping Centre in Liverpool says the shoes, called ‘Heelies’, are dangerous. He says kids in ‘Heelies’ can’t enter the mall. They must take them off and walk around in their socks.

B.  The manager, Gilmour Johnes, thinks there is a safety problem. Teenagers with these shoes could break a shop window or knock down an older customer. Mr. Johnes says that the rule against wheels is not new. ‘For many years we have had the rules against using rollerblades or skateboards in the centre.’

C.  Many other malls also have specific dress rules for teenagers. In the USA, some malls have rules about wearing baseball caps. You mustn’t wear your cap to the side  — the cap must be straight, and you mustn’t wear it low over your face. The security camera must be able to see your face.

D.  Many of these rules are to stop big groups of teenagers getting in the way of shoppers. Groups of kids sometimes stand on the stairs or in the doors and customers can’t pass. Some shoppers are afraid of large groups of noisy teenagers. One mall manager said, ‘We are here to sell. If you don’t want to buy, we don’t want you here.’

E.  However, the problem with ‘Heely’ shoes is not just the feelings of other shoppers. There is a real safety problem  — these shoes can be dangerous. The company that makes them tells users not to wear them in crowded places.

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A	B	C	D	E

10. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  Difficult life

2.  First success

3.  Personality

4.  Popularity

5.  Successful lifestyle

6.  Free-time activities

A.  Liza Smith is a successful British singer. Her smiling face appears on the covers of international magazines, and every year she travels to many different parts of the world to perform concerts to millions of fans.

B.  However, life used to be very different for this bright young star from Bristol. She lived in a small terraced house with her parents and three brothers. They didn’t have a lot of money and she worked as a cleaner to make ends meet. She used to buy clothes from second-hand shops.

C.  In her free time she used to sing in the college choir. She learnt the words to every pop song and people hired her to sing at parties. Her friends liked her voice a lot and persuaded her to send a cassette to a record company. That’s how it all started and her life changed completely.

D.  Today Liza lives in a large house with a big garden just outside London with her husband and her daughter. She looks very elegant in her chic designer clothes. She goes to the gym every day to keep her body in shape. In her free time she enjoys going to the theatre or to parties.

E.  Liza’s lifestyle has changed a lot since those days in Liverpool. I think I’m very lucky to lead the life I lead today. It’s not easy, though, because I don’t have the privacy that I used to have. Still, I have a lovely family and a very promising career. What else could I ask for?’ she says.

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A	B	C	D	E

11. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  The never-sleeping country.

2.  The city having two parts.

3.  The golden city.

4.  The sunshine state.

5.  The cheap and free city.

6.  A land of song.

A.  Some visitors say that London is a very expensive city, but there are a few things to do which do not cost a lot of money. Most museums are free and give guided tours as well as lectures. The National Theatre next to the Royal Festival Hall also has free concerts in the foyer every evening and on Saturday lunchtimes. Some cinemas are cheaper on Mondays; others sell half-price tickets before 6 pm.

B.  Florida was bought from the Spanish in 1819. It is the southernmost state on the mainland and has a long coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. Oranges grow all year round even in winter, when the weather is very cold further north. The warm climate has made Florida an important vacation resort. More than ten million visitors come to Miami Beach every year. There are also many theme parks and other entertainment.

C.  Spain is famous for its unusual lifestyle. For example, Spanish people usually have lunch at 2.30 pm and dinner at 10.00 pm. People don’t usually go to bed before midnight. At 10.00 on Friday and Saturday nights the bars and restaurants are full. Spanish night-life really starts at mid night. A lot of disco-bars don’t close before 6.00 in the morning. On the east coast of Spain some discos open at 10.00 on Sunday mornings!

D.  The Welsh have been famous for their singing for centuries. If you go to any Welsh rugby match, you will hear supporters singing in harmony. Male-voices choirs are found throughout Wales and many Welsh people have become famous opera singers. The reputation of Wales as a centre for music attracts musicians from all over the world to its various festivals.

E.  Budapest has a population of over two million people. The River Danube divides the city into two parts. On the west bank there are the woods and hills of Buda and the old town. On the east ban k there is the bigger and more modem Pest, the business and shopping centre. From Buda there are wonderful views of Pest and the river. Six bridges join Buda and Pest. For nearly a thousand years Buda and Pest w ere two towns. Then in 1873 they joined and became one city, Budapest.

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A	B	C	D	E

12. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  The long-distance teacher.

2.  Injured in a mountain.

3.  Miracle escape.

4.  International influences.

5.  Survival at sea.

6.  Channel champion.

A.  Five-year-old Mark Harris from Bristol fell 70 feet from a bridge into the river Avon when he was running after his dog. The river carried him towards a waterfall and threw him onto some rocks. Fortunately, three older boys who were fishing saw Mark. They quickly pulled him out and rang the police.

B.  In April this year, Garry Smith was climbing Ben Nevis, Britain’s highest mountain, when he lost his way and spent three days in sub-zero temperatures. He was in trouble. He fell off a rock and hurt his knees. He could not move. Mountain rescue teams went out to look for Garry, and found him at 1:00 in the morning. A helicopter took him to hospital, where he needed several operations.

C.  Twenty-one days after Bill and Sarah Butler left Panama in their yacht, they met some whales. They started to hit the side of the boat and suddenly Bill and Sarah heard water. Two minutes later the yacht was sinking. They jumped into the life raft and watched the boat go under the water. For twenty days they had tins of food, and bottles of water. After fifty days at sea their life raft was beginning to break up. Suddenly a fishing boat saw them and picked them up.

D.  Thirteen-year-old Thomas Gregory from London is the youngest person to swim the English Channel. He swam 31 miles in just 11 hours 55 minutes. He drank hot tomato soup because he felt so cold in the water. Often he could not see anything because the sun was shining in his eyes, and that was the worst thing. He was very pleased when he finally arrived on the beach in France, where his parents were waiting for him.

E.  Pop music in Britain is influenced by music from all over the world. Many teenagers in our survey liked reggae, which comes from Jamaica. Boys also enjoyed dancing and listening to Black-American rap. Some music in Britain is a mixture of styles. Pop music is also influencing traditional music. Recently some young musicians of Asian origin have started to mix bhangra (traditional music from the Punjab region) with Western pop.

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A	B	C	D	E

13. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  Tomorrow’s vegetables.

2.  Environment in danger.

3.  Additions to your food.

4.  Genetically modified food.

5.  Fast food.

6.  Unhealthy eating habits.

A.  Fast food and packaging come together. When you have eaten the beef burger, you throw away the packaging and somebody will then burn or bury it. This is clearly a problem. Fast food also contributes to global warming. In Brazil, 12 million acres of forest were cut down to build farms. Farmers use this land to grow soya beans and soya is given to the cows that become the beef in your beefburger. Fewer forests mean more global warming.

B Traditional methods of cooking and eating are disappearing, and are being replaced by fast food and ready-prepared meals. As a result, people today (especially children) have too much sugar, too many sweet drinks, too much white bread. This makes people’s level of blood glucose go up, causing tiredness, nervousness and headaches. Among schoolchildren it can also cause low concentration and bad behaviour.

C.  A lot of fast food contains ingredients that have been changed by scientists to be different: the tomatoes in the tomato sauce, the flour in the bread. How is it possible that you can buy a bright red tomato in Moscow, that comes from Cyprus, that is still fresh after four weeks? But the changes are not always bad. Some plants can be modified to provide more vitamin C, for example.

D.  Not many children like vegetables. It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life. So yesterday chocolate-flavoured carrots went on sale in Britain as part of a campaign to encourage children to eat vegetables. The range of products also includes cheese-and-onion flavoured cauliflower, pizza-flavoured sweeetcorn, and peas that taste like chewing-gum.

E.  You should expect to find a lot of chemical ingredients in fast food. None of them are good for your health, but not all of them are bad. Chlorine is used to make bread white. Cochineal (made from dried insects) is used to make things red. However, more research is needed to find out exactly how these chemicals will affect our health in years to come.

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A	B	C	D	E

14. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  World’s strangest name.

2.  Famous people’s names.

3.  The name of the computer.

4.  The names children dislike.

5.  Unusual names.

6.  The importance of names.

A.  Your name is extremely significant. It’s how you identify yourself. It’s how other people identify you. Elton John was born Reginald Kenneth Dwight. Can you imagine someone famous with a name like that? He had to change it. Marilyn Monroe sounds so much more glamorous than Norma Jean Baker.

So parents make one of the most important decisions in the lives of their children — giving them a name.

B.  Some people choose names because they are fashionable. Other parents do the opposite and call their children strange names, or they even invent names. People who choose strange names for their children want to show how special they are. However, the children are not always happy with their parents’ choice. David Bowie’s son found the name Zowie so embarrassing that he changed it to Joe.

C.  These days it’s fashionable to give your child the name of a place that is important to you: Victoria and David Beckham decided to call their son Brooklyn because they were in New York when they discovered that Victoria was going to have a baby. Madonna named her daughter Lourdes after the town in France, the ex-US-President Bill Clinton named his daughter Chelsea after a part of London that he and his wife liked.

D.  A woman, Mrs Bennet, was in hospital after the birth of her son. She was trying to decide what to call her son, when she walked past a door. It had the name ‘KING’ on it. That’s a good name, she thought. A little later, she walked past another door, and this time she saw the name ‘NOSMO’. Interesting, she thought. But she liked it, too, and so her son was named Nosmo King Bennet. It was only six months later that she discovered her terrible mistake.

E.  A.L.I.C.E. is an award-winning chat robot at www.alicebot.org. She’s intelligent and funny and has won prizes for being the most human-like computer. She was created by Dr Richard S. Wallace. Six thousand people a month chat to A.L.I.C.E. Some people spend up to four and a half hours a day chatting online with her, and some have even said they prefer her to their own girlfriends.

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A	B	C	D	E

15. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  The windy city.

2.  Things to see.

3.  The roof of the world

4.  The place suggested seeing.

5.  The destroyed house.

6.  Pilotless aircraft.

A.  If you are bored with beaches, try Alaska. Our trip to America’s largest and most northerly state was one of the greatest experiences of my life. We entered a different world. The scenery with its mountains ‘and volcanoes was spectacular, particularly the dramatic Columbia Glacier, over 90 metres high. We. spent our final day in Anchorage, Alaska’s largest city.

B.  Yesterday afternoon a 35-year-old housewife escaped death when a tree blew and fell onto her house, completely destroying it. It was windy. She heard a strange noise coming from the tree. Suddenly the wind blew a little stronger, and she watched it crash onto the roof. The Bonnet family are staying with their friends while their house is rebuilt.

C.  The third largest city in the United States, Chicago, is on the shore of Lake Michigan. Two rivers, the Chicago and the Calumet, run through the city, and canals link them with the Mississippi River, which flows down to the Gulf of Mexico. Ships can also sail from Chicago through the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. The climatic conditions of the city are very specific, because strong winds blow through it.

D.  An American jet pilot took off from Fort Worth, but the jet’s engines went wrong. The pilot ejected, but the plane didn’t crash. The engines began working again. The jet flew for more than one hour over three states. Finally it crashed near Lincoln, Nebraska. It hit some trees in a field where a farmer was working. Fortunately, no one was hurt.

E.  Last year I went to Spain for my holiday. I spent the first week in Seville, and then I took a train to Barcelona, where Г spent another ten days. It is a beautiful city and I had a marvellous time. I stayed in a very expensive hotel right in the centre, but I didn’t mind spending a lot of money because it is a wonderful place and very convenient. My brother recommended it; he goes to Spain a lot and he never stays anywhere else.

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A	B	C	D	E

16. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.   Out-of-town shopping.

2.  Bargain hunters.

3.  The best shopping street.

4.  A convenient way of paying.

5.   Internet shopping.

6.  The key to success.

A.  Mary has already started doing her Christmas shopping on-line. She usually spends about £300 on presents and pays for them on her debit card. She is buying food from supermarket shopping services and has ordered books and CDs from on-line bookshops. Buying on-line saves her a lot of money, and it’s a lot nicer staying at home than having to go out in the High Street.

B.  A recent survey has shown that the busiest shopping street in the world is in Warsaw. It’s called Nowy Swiat, which means New World. An incredible 15,000 Poles walk down this main street every hour. It is a lovely place to shop. It is now possible to buy almost everything in Warsaw. There are a lot of shops from the West, but the interesting thing is that Polish manufacturers are now producing high quality goods.

C.  Many small street and comer shops are closing because people prefer to drive to shopping complex outside town. There they can park their cars without any problems and do all their shopping in one place. In a British shopping complex, you usually find a supermarket, a branch of most of the chain-stores, some smaller shops, and a few cafes. Most of the new shopping complexes are built near big roads.

D.  Mail-order shopping has become very popular because it saves time. Shoppers use credit cards to pay for something over the telephone after they have seen it advertised in a mail-order catalogue, on TV, or in a newspaper or magazine. A number of mail-order companies accept phone orders twenty-four hours a day and most have toll-free numbers.

E.  Many Americans like sales. They shop at stores that sell goods at a discount. An item on sale can cost as little as hall the normal price. Sales are advertized in newspapers, on radio on TV, or by mail. Stores compete with each other by reducing their prices and staying open in the evening. Many arc open seven days a week and sometimes until 10.00 at night.

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A	B	C	D	E

17. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  Sports and money.

2.  The riskiest sports.

3.  The most popular sport.

4.  Sports at school.

5.  Young, sporting and rich.

6.  Sporting inventions.

A.  According to recent statistics, the sport that causes most injuries is rugby, and football is a close second. Despite the popularity of these games, and although we teach school children to play them, they injure more people per 1,000 than motor-racing, skiing, or scuba-diving. Of course, people do get hurt in ‘adventure sport s’ and the most dangerous is climbing, which kills eight people a year.

B.  Britain does not often produce sportsmen or sportswomen who are successful in world sporting championship s, but it has been good at inventing sports and writing the rules of games. Go lf was first played in Scotland in the fifteenth century. Cricket was first played in England in the sixteenth century. Nineteenth-century team sports, such as football, rugby and hockey, were first played in British public schools.

C.  Sport today’ means big business for both players and sponsors. Sporting events like the World Cup, which has a TV audience of 45 billion people, make huge amounts of money. Companies like Coca Cola and Adidas have paid more than $30 million to sponsor a sports event. The y know that people all over the world will see their names and logos at the sports stadiums and on participants’ clothes.

D.  Children are encouraged to participate in sports at an early age. There are children’s baseball, football, and basketball team s in almost every community. The rivalry between high schools and colleges in sporting events goes right through the school year from football in September to track and field in June. Cheerleaders and bands lead the supporters in rooting for their home team.

E.  Many top stars make a fortune during their sporting careers. Tiger Woods, the professional golfer, was only 23 years old when he had already earned more than $5 million. He had won eight tournaments in his career by that time, including the US Masters which he won in 1997. He reached the position of the world’s top player in the shortest time ever  — just 42 weeks. Now he is sponsored by Nike, the sportswear company.

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A	B	C	D	E

18. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  Taking English abroad.

2.  The rise of America.

3.  The French influence.

4.  The expansion of learning.

5.  Orthographic difference.

6.  The global language.

A.  A billion people speak English, two-thirds of the world’s scientists write in English, and 85 per cent of the world’s electronic information is stored in English. One result is that the British are terribly lazy about learning other languages. The reasons for the popularity of English are either lost in history, or something to do with the superpower on the other side of the Atlantic.

B.  English has many similarities with Romance languages, whose origin is Latin. The words like government, parliament, court, legal, army, crown, state, country, power, and people came to England with the French-speaking Normans. Notice that the word:, are associated with power: Norman-French was used as the language of government. Words of Latin origin are usually longer than words of Germanic origin.

C.  The period from the Renaissance to the present day has seen many new ideas and inventions, especially in science and technology. As new things are invented, new words have to be created. Often these new words are created from existing Greek or Latin words put together in new ways. There are now thousands of such words in English. Just think of telephone, television, microscope, and thermometer.

D.  Today, there are some differences in vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation between American and British English. Sometimes, the difference in spelling is because Americans wanted to make things simpler, so that a word would be spelled the way it is pronounced. Noah Webster, founder of one of the most famous American English dictionaries, decided to eliminate from a won I any letters that were not pronounced (honor  — honour, theater  — theatre).

E.  During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, British navigators sailed across the seas with the aim of extending Britain’s power and prosperity. They colonized new territories around the world, taking their language with them. In many cast the process of bringing ‘civilisation’ to the existing peoples of these lands was accompanied by cruelty and injustice.

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A	B	C	D	E

19. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  Money.

2.  Social Concerns.

3.  Parents.

4.  Part-Time Work.

5.  Sport.

6.  Helping at Home.

A.  What teenagers feel and do is also of interest to governments. The following facts are taken from the official survey. Almost 60 per cent of British teenagers have a part-time job. The most popular jobs are working in shops and stores (usually on Saturdays), doing a paper round (mornings, before school), or babysitting.

B.  Nearly all teenagers claim they help with the housework. But most admit they only do it because they have to.

C.  Two thirds of those who were interviewed take part regularly in one or more sporting activities. Swimming is very popular with both sexes, while more than 45 per cent of boys play football.

D.  Money is seen as a problem by most teenagers. Without it they can’t buy clothes or gadgets, or go to concerts, cinemas or discos. The majority of girls spend their pocket money on clothes; half the boys spend it on gadgets. Three quarters of all teenagers try to save at least some money.

E.  Most teenagers get along with their parents quite well. Although a lot of teenagers believe their parents are too strict, most agree that their parents offer help and support in times of crisis. When there are arguments, however, they are usually about what time they should come home at night, where they are going, and who they are going with.

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A	B	C	D	E

20. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  Eat out.

2.  Living It up after Dark.

3.  Shop till You Drop.

4.  Take a Capital Break.

5.  Room at the Top.

6.  Going out in London.

A.  It’s up to you to decide whether you want to steep yourself in the past, step into the future, learn ab out the living world or enjoy film and theatre. There’s something for everyone in London  — art-lovers, culture vultures, thrill-seekers and anyone with a passion for history. The city boasts a wealth of theatres and museums and collections  — as much culture as your feet can bear! So even if you have been to the city many times before, there’s something new to view and somewhere different to go in a city full of surprises.

B.  London’s shops cover the complete spectrum of fashion  — from traditional, high-class tailoring, through top designer names, trend-setting street | fashion to retro, antique and period clothes. You can buy yourself wild fashion or exclusive tailoring; the I newest ideas or the most traditional. From the shopper’s point of view London really is ‘Absolutely fabulous, darling!’ London’s 30,000 shops offer the most extraordinary choice, quality and value. Come and enjoy yourself!

C.  Over 5,800 different restaurants and cuisine from more than 60 different countries await you in Britain’s capital. Come to London and eat your great meal from all the best cuisines all around the world! The experience of eating out in London is reaching new heights, with restaurants opening every week and some of the best-known names in cuisine to work here.

D.  London comes alive at dark. If New York is the city that never sleeps, London doesn’t doze much either! Night-time London offers a staggering range of things to see and places to go. Time Out, London’s weekly guide to what’s on, will give you all the details you need  — under useful headings like classical music, opera, jazz/funk, garage, house.

E.  Hotels in London very from some of the greatest and most luxurious establishments in the world to bed and breakfasts and humble hostels  — with everything in between. About 1,000 hotels of all different price ranges are spread all over the city, with the great concentration in the West End. But if you take advantage of London’s extensive public transport system and stay out of the centre it will be less expensive.

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A	B	C	D	E

21. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  Accommodation.

2.  Catering.

3.  Extra Services.

4.  Amenities.

5.  Description.

6.  Entertainment.

A.  Superior 5 Hotel, set in a beautiful, unspoiled, seafront location amongst the green lawns gardens which run down a fine sandy beach, with crystal clear sea water. Its warm family atmosphere, numerous facilities, excellent food and friendly service will make your stay a most enjoyable one. Another nice sandy beach is just 200 meters away. Shops, bars, restaurants etc can be found within 200 metres from the hotel. A local bus service is available to the resort centre or into the nearby bustling resort of Ayia Napa (10 kilometres).

B.  The hotel offers large swimming pool with swim-up pool bar serving food and snacks. Extensive grass or pavement sun terraces with sunloungers and umbrellas are also available. The hotel boasts tennis courts, children’s playground, games room with table tennis, snooker, video games. Ample parking is at your service.

C.  The hotel owns 245 rooms enjoying excellent views of sea with a most beautiful coastline or the evergreen countryside. All the rooms have bathrooms, balconies, central air-conditioning, direct dial telephone and mini-bars.

D.  Afternoon and evening programme ranges from piano and bouzouki music to folklore dancing and magic shows. Regular dancing to live music, bingo, dancing lessons are available. “A different event almost every night.”

E.  The following are available either on request basis or at a charge: physician, hairdressing service, tennis equipment, beach facilities, early children meals, baby sitting, room service, special diets, full laundry service, safe deposit boxes. A great selection of water sports is also available at the beach under separate management.

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A	B	C	D	E

22. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  School.

2.  School uniform.

3.  Bullies.

4.  Free time.

5.  Clothes and looks.

6.  Pubs and clubs.

A.  British teenagers spend most of their time at school. Students in Britain can leave school at 16 (year 11). This is also the age when most students take their first important exams, GCSEs. They take between five and ten subjects and that means a lot of studying. They are spending more time on homework than teenagers have done before.

B.  Visit almost any school in Britain and the first thing you’ll notice is the school uniform. Although school uniform has its advantages, by the time most teenagers are 15 or 16 they are tired of wearing it. When there is more than one school in a town, a school uniform can make differences and rivalries between schools worse.

C.  Music is the number one interest for British teens. But they certainly don’t all like the same music! UK garage, hip-hop and new metal are all popular. Teenagers love going out too. However, finding somewhere to go isn’t always easy. Pubs and clubs have strict rules for under 18-year-olds in Britain. It’s no surprise that British teenagers spend more free time online than European or American teens and use chatrooms to make a new friend.

D.  In Britain, teenagers judge you by the shirt or trainers you are wearing. Thirty per cent of British teenagers love Nike 150s (trainers that cost $150), but not for sport  — for posing!

E.  Fifty per cent of teenagers in Britain say they have been bullied because of their race, looks, accent, intelligence or for no reason at all. Sixteen teenagers in Britain have serious problems every year because of bullying. The authorities are trying to find the solution.

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A	B	C	D	E

23. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  Perfect for a quiet holiday.

2.  Land of nature wonders.

3.  A visit to the zoo.

4.  Perfect for an active holiday.

5.  Difficult start.

6.  Bad for animals.

A.  The mountains of Scotland (also called the Highlands) are а wild and beautiful part of Europe. A golden eagle flies over the mountains. A deer walks through the silence of the forest. Salmon and trout swim in the clean, pure water of the rivers. Some say that not only fish swim in the deep water of Loch Ness. Speak to the people living by the Loch. Each person has a story of the monster, and some have photographs.

B.  Tresco is a beautiful island with no cars, crowds or noise  — just flowers, birds, long sandy beaches and the Tresco Abbey Garden. John and Wanda welcome you to the Island Hotel, famous for delicious food, comfort and brilliant service. You will appreciate superb accommodation, free saunas and the indoor swimming pool.

C.  The Camel and Wildlife Safari is a unique mixture of the traditional and modern. Kenya’s countryside suits the Safari purposes exceptionally well. Tourists will have a chance to explore the bush country near Samburu, to travel on a camel back or to sleep out under the stars. Modern safari vehicles are always available for those who prefer comfort.

D.  Arrival can be the hardest part of a trip. It is late, you are road-weary, and everything is new and strange. You need an affordable place to sleep, something to eat and drink, and probably a way to get around. But in general, it’s a wonderful trip, full of wonderful and unusual places. Whether it is the first stop on a trip or the fifth city visited, every traveller feels a little overwhelmed stepping onto a new street in a new city.

E.  No zoo has enough money to provide basic habitats or environments for all the species they keep. Most animals are put in a totally artificial environment, isolated from everything they would meet in their natural habitat. Many will agree that this isolation is harmful to the most of zoo inhabitants, it can even amount to cruelty.

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A	B	C	D	E

24. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  Old word  — new meaning.

2.  Not for profit.

3.  For body and mind.

4.  Generosity to taste.

5.  New word  — old service.

6.  For various travellers’ needs.

A.  The residents of the southern United States are particularly warm to visitors, ready to welcome them to their homes and to the South in general. Food places an important role in the traditions of southern hospitality. A cake or other delicacy is often brought to the door of a new neighbor as a means of introduction. When a serious illness occurs, neighbors, friends, and church members generally bring food to that family as a form of support and encouragement.

B.  Destination spas exist for those who only can take a short term trip, but still want to develop healthy habits. Guests reside and participate in the program at a destination spa instead of just visiting it for a treatment or pure vacation. Typically over a seven-day stay, such facilities provide a program that includes spa services, physical fitness activities, wellness education, healthy cuisine and special interest programming.

C.  When people travel, stay in a hotel, eat out, or go to the movies, they rarely think that they are experiencing many-sided, vast and very diverse hospitality industry. The tourism industry is very challenging for those who work there, as they should be able to meet a wide variety of needs and to be flexible enough to anticipate them. The right person to help us feel at home likes working with the public, and enjoys solving puzzles.

D.  five years ago, with the help of friends and family, Frederick Kühne founded Hospitality Club as a general-purpose Internet-based hospitality exchange organization. Now, it is one of the largest hospitality networks with members in 256 countries. This is a completely free organization, which involves no money. The core activity is the exchange of accommodation, when hosts offer their guests the possibility to stay free at their homes.

E.  To the ancient Greeks and Romans, hospitality was a divine right. The host was expected to make sure the needs of his guests were seen to. In the contemporary West, hospitality is rarely associated with generously provided care and kindness to whoever is in need or strangers. Now it is only a service that includes hotels, casinos, and resorts, which offer comfort and guidance to strangers, but only as part of a business relationship.

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A	B	C	D	E

25. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1.  Weather considerations.

2.  Joys of biking.

3.  Preparations.

4.  Meeting the locals.

5.  Beware of thieves.

6.  Follow the rules.

A.  If you want to see Europe on $45 a day you might prefer to stay at hostels and shop at farmers’ markets, but you definitely will not be able to do it without the help of a bike as it is one of the most economical ways to see Europe. But most bikers choose to pedal for the sheer joy of it. Just imagine riding up a beautiful mountain road, going to the very top, hearing birds singing in the treetops, and enjoying a well-earned and glorious downhill run.

B.  The most important thing to do before you go for a long ride is to learn which tools to bring for basic repair work, such as patching a flat. If possible, first take a weekend camping trip with everything you’ll need with you. If you don’t already know how to fix your bike, you can ask about classes at your local bike shop. Although you can buy a good touring bike in Europe, you’re better off bringing a bike that you’re sure is the right fit for you as well as your own racks and panniers.

C.  Expect rain and bring good bikers’ rain equipment. You’ll also be exposed to the sun, so plan on using plenty of sunscreen. Even if you never ride at night, you should bring a back light for long and unavoidable tunnels. Always wear a helmet as well as biking gloves to guard against unsightly road rash. Beware of the silent biker who might be right behind you, and use hand signals before stopping or turning. Stay off the freeways; smaller roads are nicer for biking, anyway.

D.  Use a bike lock to secure your bike and never leave your pump, bag or laptop on your bike if you’re going to step away, even for a moment. Keep your bike inside whenever possible. At hostels, ask if there is a locked bike room, and, if not, ask for a place to put your bike inside overnight. Remember that hotels and many pensions don’t really have rules against taking a bike up to your room. It is advised just to do it quietly so the owners and other guests aren’t disturbed.

E.  The most rewarding aspect of bicycling in Europe is having the chance to get to know and communicate with new people. Europeans love bicycles, and they are often genuinely impressed when they see a tourist who rejects the view from a tour-bus window in favor of riding through their country on two wheels. Your bike provides an instant topic for conversation, the perfect bridge over cultural and language barriers.

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A	B	C	D	E

26. Установите соответствие между текстами A  — E и их темами, выбрав тему 1  — 6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1) the country’s strange tradition.

2) the country’s geography.

3) the country’s famous people.

4) the country’s history.

5) the country’s traditional food.

6) the country’s animals.

A) Iceland is a country quite unique in many ways. Located in the Arctic Region of Northern Europe, it is covered by ice, more than 20 active volcanos, glaciers and geysers. Even though located in the north, Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream, and so the winter temperatures seldom drop below minus 10 degrees Centigrade,

while in the summer they stay around plus 10.

B) Iceland was discovered by the Vikings in the 870s AD. Scandinavian people from Norway, Denmark and Sweden were the first to settle in Iceland. Soon they were followed by the Celts who came over from Scotland and Ireland. For centuries Iceland was part of some other kingdom  — Norway or Denmark, and only in 1918 did it become an independent country.

C) When Iceland was first discovered by the Vikings, there was only one land mammal living there  — the Arctic fox. Europeans brought sheep, chickens, horses and goats to Iceland. Now there are also mice, rats, rabbits and reindeer. Sometimes, polar bears visit Iceland. They usually arrive from Greenland on icebergs!

D) Icelanders don’t have family names or surnames. Instead of the family name they use their father’s name to which they add “sdottir”  — “daughter of” or “sson”  — “son of”. So if the father is called Jon, and his daughter’s given name is Eva, her full name would be Eva Jonsdottir. If Jon has a son whose name is Adam, it would be Adam Jonsson.

E) There are at least two people from Iceland who are very well-known around the world. The first one of them is Leif Erikson who was the first European explorer to discover America  — long before Christopher Columbus! The other one is Björk, a popular singer and actress of today.

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A	B	C	D	E

27. Установите соответствие между текстами A  — E и их темами, выбрав тему 1  — 6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1) places of interest

2) buying gifts

3) transport

4) museums

5) shopping

6) history

A) If you want to move around the Moscow City and save some money while travelling, we recommend you to buy a special card. We strongly advise you to choose Moscow Metro as a way to travel, because it’s high-speed. Besides, you can use metro without being afraid to be late because of traffic jams. It works from 5.30 to 1.30.

B) Moscow has a lot of attractions that are not only cultural and historical; they all are also of public importance. Russia is associated with the Kremlin and Red Square by many tourists from different parts of the world. The guests of the capital of Russia can enjoy the beautiful architecture of the central part of the city with historical monuments.

C) It’s impossible to visit Moscow and ignore its museums. Some of them are mansions and estates which used to belong to aristocratic families of the Russian Empire. They are now monuments of architecture and an. They are museums which home more than hundreds of thousands different items. You can spend the whole day there.

D) In Moscow you will find some opportunities to buy what you want. The city has many fantastic shops, boutiques, shopping malls and galleries. Moscow’s stores can be divided into three categories: expensive boutiques, mass-market shops, and discount centers (outlets), where you can get great discount prices. Everybody will be able to find something.

E) In Moscow you will find lots of souvenirs such as sets of small dolls (matryoshka). There are the sets of three, four, seven, ten, fifteen and more dolls. Each doll is smaller than the previous one and is inside it. These dolls are traditional Russian souvenirs. Of course, there are also standard postcards, key chains, magnets, too.

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A	B	C	D	E

28. Установите соответствие между текстами A−E и их темами, выбрав тему 1−6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1) water activities

2) a hobby

3) school

4) geography

5) transport

6) a film

A) The Volga Federal District gets its name from the Volga river which flows through it. The Volga is the largest river in Europe. The district makes up about 6% of the total territory of the Russian Federation. There are five cities with

a population of over one million. Many cities of the Volga Federal District can be reached by an overnight train from Moscow.

B) «Sonya» is a great musical story of underwater sea life. It introduces us to a little fish who doesn’t want to stay in the water. A young boy on the beach finds and saves the unusual little fish and names her Sonya. The boy and his fish become friends. They have a great adventure together. The story will be interesting for the whole family. It is really worth seeing.

C) Going to the Waikato River is very exciting. The longest river in New Zealand is a wonderful place for sports and fun. Visitors and locals alike enjoy its waters for boating, waterskiing, cruising and kayaking. The west coast also provides a variety of opportunities for relaxation. You can find everything from surfing to a hot water beach on its beautiful banks.

D) The main options of getting around in England are train and long-distance bus. The bus is called coach in England. Services between the big towns and cities are generally good. However, at peak times you must book in advance to be sure of getting a ticket. If you book early or travel at off-peak periods  — ideally both  — train and coach tickets can be very cheap.

E) At the age of eleven children in England study about 10-15 subjects. They have such subjects as English, Maths, Science, History, Geography and others. At the end of the year they have to take examinations. The lessons usually finish by 3 o’clock and pupils may go home. Many children take part in out-of-class activities and hobby clubs to learn something new and develop new skills.

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A	B	C	D	E

29. Установите соответствие между текстами A−E и их темами, выбрав тему 1−6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1) popular exercise;

2) the weather;

3) traditional food;

4) health advice;

5) an animal;

6) a place to visit.

A) The beluga whale lives in the Arctic. They can dive more than 3,100 feet deep looking for food. They eat fish, mainly cod. Beluga whales live in groups. Usually there are ten individuals, and they live and feed together. In Russia, the whales generally live in the waters that border the north of the country. The whales migrate according to the seasons.

B) You should go to the zoo if you want to see animals with your own eyes. There you can learn about what they eat, their habits, environment, and all sorts of other interesting facts about animals. Another name for a zoo is a zoological garden. Today many zoos do wonderful work in animal research and take great care of their animals. Many animals feel at home there.

C) September and October are wonderful months in Canada, as most days are cool, crisp and pleasant. The Canadian winters are cold and long, and in the northern parts of the country they can be severe. In the central part the daily average temperatures are about -20 °Celsius. In these regions, snow can cover the ground almost six months of the year.

D) Japanese cuisine is very popular around the world and for good reason. It has a good balance of ingredients. Centuries before Japanese people were eating sushi, they first enjoyed raw fish without the rice. The name «sashimi» means any thinly sliced raw food, including raw beef and chicken. However fish and seafood are the most popular types of this dish.

E) To eat well and best prepare for your training, it is always smart to eat a nice breakfast. If you don’t eat at all before exercising, you could feel weak. If you are going to eat a big breakfast, eat it at least three hours before exercising. If you only have two hours before your game, eat a smaller portion. You also need to eat some food after you exercise to help your muscles recover.

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A	B	C	D	E

30. Установите соответствие между текстами A−E и их темами, выбрав тему 1−6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1) entertainment;

2) transport;

3) reading;

4) places of interest;

5) shopping;

6) a festival.

A)  London is a good place to buy things. Charing Cross in London is famous for its bookshops. There are lots of them there, and they sell both old and new books. One of the oldest and most famous bookshops in London is Foyles. It has thousands of books  — but it can sometimes be very difficult to find the book you want.

B)  London’s West End has some of the best theatres in the world, so tickets there can sometimes be very expensive. However, if you go in the afternoon, it is often much cheaper. There is something for everybody  — from a play by the Royal Shakespeare Company at the Barbican Theatre to Agatha Christie’s The Mousetrap, which is a very famous play.

C)  The exciting Notting Hill Carnival in London takes place on the last Sunday and Monday in August. There are two wonderful parades to watch  — one on Sunday and one on Monday, and you can see them going through the streets near Portobello Road and Ladbroke Grove. Thousands of tourists come to London to watch this carnival.

D)  There is so much to see in London. Take a picture of Tower Bridge, which is near the Tower of London. It first opened in 1894 and is one of the most beautiful and famous bridges in the city, Then you can see St. Paul’s Cathedral, which is not far away, on Ludgate Hill. It was built by Sir Christopher Wren after the Fire of London.

E)  If you don’t have much time to see London and still want to see some of its most famous buildings, you can use the famous red buses. Some of them are specifically for tourists. Their route is one and a half hours long, but you can break your journey any time and get off and then on again to see a sight and then move to the next one. It’s very convenient.

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A	B	C	D	E

31. Установите соответствие между текстами A−E и их темами, выбрав тему 1−6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1) a city attraction.

2) an amazing fish.

3) a job.

4) a traditional dish.

5) a place to eat.

6) a water sport location.

A)  Kamchatka is one of the most interesting diving destinations in Russia. It offers an opportunity to dive in a unique underwater world with more than 350 species of fish, seals, sea lions, sea otters, walruses, orcas, and whales. Avachinsky Bay, Starichkov Island, and Russian Bay are just a few of many diving sites popular among local divers.

B)  Ben’s Fish Café might look like a Mediterranean tavern from the outside, but it offers some of the tastiest fish in London. Take your pick from a wide variety of grilled, steamed or deep-fried fish, accompanied by a side of potatoes served in either chip, new potato or mash form at this south London location. Ben’s Fish Café is really worth visiting.

C)  The new Sea Life London Aquarium is home to one of Europe’s largest collections of global marine life. It takes visitors on an interactive journey along the Great Oceanic Conveyor. There is plenty of interaction along the way from feeding the fish to touch pools and discovery zones. You will see seahorses, octopus, zebra sharks and the popular clown fish.

D)  Becoming a professional swimmer is more of a lifestyle choice than a career. In order to be successful, you will need to keep your body fit at all times. You will have to manage your diet, train every single day, and have serious drive and ambition. The majority of professional swimmers compete in pool swimming competitions.

E)  The mola, also called the giant ocean sunfish, is gigantic. These huge sunfish can grow to weigh 5,000 pounds. That’s almost as much as a small pickup truck. The mola has an unusual look. It’s round. They are not dangerous, but they are rather curious. They often approach divers and snorkelers  — just to investigate.

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A	B	C	D	E

32. Установите соответствие между текстами A−E и их темами, выбрав тему 1−6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1) a sport;

2) a swimming pool;

3) clothes;

4) a famous person;

5) an animal;

6) a place to visit.

A)  Maya Plisetskaya was one of the world’s greatest ballerinas. Plisetskaya was born in Moscow in 1925. She was prina ballerina of the Bolshoi Ballet of Moscow. Plisetskaya visited many countries with her performances. She was a guest artist

with the Paris Opéra in 1961 and 1964. A well-known designer Pierre Cardin created some of her dance costumes and clothes.

B)  Copenhagen has been named as the best city in the world for swimming. Copenhagen is surrounded by water, and has many places by the waterfront. Locals enjoy swimming early in the morning, especially during the summer. These swimming areas are also popular among tourists. Copenhagen also has Amager Beach Park, which is specially designed for outdoor activities.

C)  Horse polo is often called polo. This game is played on horseback. Polo is played using a plastic ball. Two teams can play with four members each. The players wear a helmet, a colored shirt, riding boots, and white trousers. The main objective of the game is to ride on a horse and score goals against the opposing team. It is exciting to watch and play.

D)  Police dogs help the police to solve crimes. Police dogs have saved many lives with their unique skills and bravery. They are loyal, watchful, and protective of their police officer. They are an important and irreplaceable part of many police departments. Police dogs need to have very special training. They are usually trained from puppies to learn their job.

E)  Take a big suitcase if you are going to visit London in December. You should pack warm sweaters, long-sleeved T-shirts, trousers or jeans. You will need a warm coat or a jacket. While it rarely snows in London in December, it is rather cold. So take gloves, a scarf and boots. Ofcourse, it is London, which means an umbrella should be in your suitcase year-round!

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A	B	C	D	E

33. Установите соответствие между текстами A−E и их темами, выбрав тему 1−6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1) nature;

2) a famous person;

3) an animal;

4) a film;

5) a place to visit;

6) school activities.

A)  Yury Gagarin was the first man to orbit the earth in a man-made space rocket. On 12 April 1961, Gagarin became the first human to fly into space. Every move he made and every word he said that day was to become legendary. After the flight, Gagarin became an international celebrity. Meeting him was a great honour for kings, presidents and artists all around the globe.

B)  Many people love elephants. They think that they bring good luck. There are two types ofelephants. The African elephant lives on the continent of Africa and the Indian elephant lives in Asia. Elephants eat plants rather than meat. They are very intelligent and can communicate. They are also very skilled with tools and can be trained for all sorts of tasks.

C)  You can see scientific, technological, and mathematical achievements in the London Science Museum. It might sound too serious or even boring. In fact, a trip to the Science Museum is not boring at all. There are a lot of interactive exhibits, flight simulators and an IMAX cinema to make science exciting, There is even a milkshake bar. This is a science lesson you will never forget.

D)  If you are fond of animals, you should watch a new story about a dog and a young country boy. The boy was walking in the field near his village and found a dog, which lived in the wild. They became good friends and had many adventures. The story takes place in a wonderful location. You will definitely enjoy a colourful movie and beautiful music.

E)  Getting good grades for the test can be quite difficult sometimes. You should plan your time to study the material. You

need to find a comfortable place where you can concentrate on learning. You should study the questions and learn the most important numbers and dates. It is also a good idea to find a person who will check your answers.

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A	B	C	D	E

34. Установите соответствие между текстами A−E и их темами, выбрав тему 1−6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1) clothes;

2) transport;

3) leisure activities;

4) weather;

5) a sports competition;

6) a city.

A)  Russian summers are quite warm and sunny. Many cities such as Moscow and even those as far east as Tomsk can experience intense heat waves. The temperature may rise to +30 °C and above. However, brief heavy showers and even thunderstorms occur unexpectedly; it’s good to carry a small travel umbrella with you even on the sunniest days.

B)  Millions of people around the world watch the Tour de France cycle race on their TV screens and tablets. The greatest number of fans come for the final stage of the event when it comes to Paris. Hundreds of thousands of people line the route of the race each day. Because of the crowds and the excitement, there is often a party or carnival atmosphere.

C)  There are a lot of cars, buses and a big underground in London, but city residents are looking for new ways to travel round the city. For example, London’s public bicycle scheme will help you get around quickly and easily. You simply hire a bike from one of the hundreds of docking stations across the city, ride it where you like, then return it to any of those stations.

D)  Sports in Greece are developing every year. Many people from different countries come to Greece to try extreme sports like windsurfing, sailing, mountain biking and lots of others. Most trainers and guides are experienced and speak foreign languages well. All locations where sports are organized are magnificent in natural beauty.

E)  It can be really hard to dress for a rainy day because there are so many things to consider. Don’t be scared to wear something bright on a rainy day. Bad weather can be depressing, so why not go out of your way to wear something non-depressing and cute. Just put on a bright waterproof jacket and take your colourful umbrella!

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A	B	C	D	E

35. Установите соответствие между текстами A−E и их темами, выбрав тему 1−6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1)  transport;

2)  food;

3)  a museum;

4)  spending free time;

5)  history;

6)  famous people.

A)  It’s impossible to get bored in London. If you like to listen to jazz musicians, you can hear some of the best ones at Ronnie Scott’s Club in Fifth Street. For ballet, go to the Sadler’s wells Theatre in Rosebery Avenue or to the Royal Opera House. To get cheap tickets, you should buy them an hour or two before the performance begins.

B)  Madame Tussaud’s in London is one of its most visited places. It is located in Marylebone Road and it is famous for its figures of people made of wax. You can see famous people from the past and some of the celebrities of our times. There is also the Chamber of Horrors there where you can see some of the famous London criminals of the past.

C)  London’s famous red buses and the underground called The Tube are already a cultural experience. Still, if you don’t want to use London buses or underground, you may try London taxis called black cabs. The drivers are usually friendly and helpful and they know London very well indeed. You can also take a boat trip to Hampton Court.

D)  London is not a cheap city, but it doesn’t mean you will have to spend much money on food there. There are a lot of fish and chips shops in London, where the meals are delicious and inexpensive. A lot of Londoners and visitors to the city love pies and delicious chocolate cakes from local bakeries. In London you can also find takeaways and pubs.

E)  London is a very old city. It grew up around the first point where the Roman invaders found the Thames narrow enough to build a bridge. They founded a Celtic settlement then known as Londinium and later they turned it into a large port and important trading centre with a long wall of stone and brick. London grew and became a great city we can see today.

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A	B	C	D	E

36. Установите соответствие между текстами A−E и их темами, выбрав тему 1−6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1)  transport;

2)  food;

3)  a museum;

4)  spending free time;

5)  history;

6)  famous people.

A)  It’s impossible to get bored in London. If you like to listen to jazz musicians, you can hear some of the best ones at Ronnie Scott’s Club in Fifth Street. For ballet, go to the Sadler’s wells Theatre in Rosebery Avenue or to the Royal Opera House. To get cheap tickets, you should buy them an hour or two before the performance begins.

B)  Madame Tussaud’s in London is one of its most visited places. It is located in Marylebone Road and it is famous for its figures of people made of wax. You can see famous people from the past and some of the celebrities of our times. There is also the Chamber of Horrors there where you can see some of the famous London criminals of the past.

C)  London’s famous red buses and the underground called The Tube are already a cultural experience. Still, if you don’t want to use London buses or underground, you may try London taxis called black cabs. The drivers are usually friendly and helpful and they know London very well indeed. You can also take a boat trip to Hampton Court.

D)  London is not a cheap city, but it doesn’t mean you will have to spend much money on food there. There are a lot of fish and chips shops in London, where the meals are delicious and inexpensive. A lot of Londoners and visitors to the city love pies and delicious chocolate cakes from local bakeries. In London you can also find takeaways and pubs.

E)  London is a very old city. It grew up around the first point where the Roman invaders found the Thames narrow enough to build a bridge. They founded a Celtic settlement then known as Londinium and later they turned it into a large port and important trading centre with a long wall of stone and brick. London grew and became a great city we can see today.

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A	B	C	D	E

37. Установите соответствие между текстами A−E и их темами, выбрав тему 1−6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1)  the history of sport;

2)  a place;

3)  a diet;

4)  fast food;

5)  a popular person;

6)  the history of transport.

A)  The first railway line in Russia was just 17 km. It was opened in 1837 between St Petersburg and the imperial palace in Tsarskoe Selo. This was followed by the greater public project of the St Petersburg to Moscow line. It was built between 1842 and 1851. The project was a great success and by the end of the century all the track in Russia was over 30000 km long.

B)  David Beckham has been one of the top football players in the world over the last 10 years. He has played for teams such as Manchester United and Real Madrid. David is perhaps best known as a football star for Manchester United. Beckham scored 62 goals with the team over the eight years and became an international football superstar. He has a lot of fans.

C)  The Olympics has individual and team events. The first time women were allowed to compete in the Olympics was during the Paris games of 1900. They were not allowed to compete in all events, however. The events women could compete in were tennis, golf, horseback riding, and sailing. Charlotte Cooper, a tennis player, became the first female Olympic Games gold medalist.

D)  Good eating habits are important in keeping a healthy weight. Eat a variety of food, and remember that it is okay to eat something tasty sometimes. Stop drinking coke and eating fast food. Try to eat at least five portions of fruits and vegetables each day. It’s good to eat food from all the different food groups. You should choose healthy snacks. Always eat breakfast.

E)  Barra Airport is a small airport located on the tiny island of Barra, about 140 miles away from the city of Glasgow. The airport uses a beach as a runway. The airport has one small terminal. There is a big car park which is free to all passengers. There are several taxis and buses at the airport. The beautiful beach and amazing nature make this airport really popular.

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A	B	C	D	E

38. Установите соответствие между текстами A−E и их темами, выбрав тему 1−6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1)  The history of the country

2)  Geography

3)  A well-known person

4)  A picture

5)  Clothes

6)  A place to visit

A)  Peter the Great founded St. Petersburg in 1703 as the capital of his Russian empire, and over 300 years later the city still attracts tourists from around the world. It is a great option to go on a cruise from Moscow to St. Petersburg. There are so many sites to see in St. Petersburg that cruise boats usually stay for two or three nights. The city is wonderful for walking.

B)  Leonardo da Vinci is one of the greatest artists in history. Leonardo was talented in many areas including drawing, painting, and sculpture. Although we don’t have a lot of his paintings today, he is most famous for his art and also gained great fame during his own time due to his paintings. Two of his most famous works include the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.

C)  Europeans arrived in Canada more than a thousand years ago. However, they left and didn’t return until 1497 when John Cabot explored the Atlantic Coast. Later explorers from other countries would arrive. The first permanent settlements were French. Later most of Canada became part of the British Empire. In 1831 Canada became a fully independent nation.

D)  The Indian Saree is a traditional dress for Indian women. It is made of one piece of fabric which is five to nine yards long and two to four feet wide, It is wrapped around the body. Women can wear a Saree in different styles. They are usually bright and colourful. They can be made of cotton or silk. They say 75% of Indian women wear a Saree every day.

E)  If you ever visit Museum Ludwig in Germany, don’t miss the painting Lady in a Green Jacket. It was created by August Macke in 1913. In this painting a lady is standing in the park. She is wearing a dark green jacket. She is looking down. There are two couples walking away from her. You get the feeling that she is lonely. The painting has special light and colour.

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A	B	C	D	E

39. Установите соответствие между текстами A−E и их темами, выбрав тему 1−6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1)  A fun tradition

2)  History

3)  Cooking

4)  An important holiday

5)  Travel advice

6)  A country

A)  Russian people celebrate Victory Day on May 9th. It is the day for remembering Russia’s participation in World War II. Many people attend a military parade or watch the military parade on Red Square. There are fireworks at night on Victory Day. Another tradition is to give flowers to veterans on the street and to lay wreaths at war memorial sites.

B)  Going to Vancouver in Canada during winter holidays is very exciting. The city is very nice. The weather there is much milder than in many other Canadian cities. But be prepared for rain on any day. Put on a warm sweater or a pullover underneath a waterproof jacket. You will also need waterproof shoes or boots. Don’t forget warm gloves, a hat, and an

umbrella.

C)  The tomato is native to South America. Wild versions were small and yellow. People were growing tomatoes in southern Mexico by 500 BC. The Spanish brought tomatoes to Europe in the 16th century. After their arrival in Italy tomatoes were grown for decoration only in gardens or flower beds. Later Spanish and Italian people started using tomatoes for cooking.

D)  Tomatoes are very popular in many cuisines around the world. They are eaten in different ways raw or cooked. Tomatoes are very sweet and tasty. We add them in many dishes, sauces, salads, and drinks. Tomatoes are used in many Spanish and Italian dishes. In Italy tomatoes are served with olive oil and cheese. It is difficult to think ofa pizza without tomatoes.

E)  La Tomatina festival takes place in Spain. For more than 17 years the festival has been held on the last Wednesday of August, during the week of summer festivities. Participants of the festival throw tomatoes at each other. They have a tomato fight just for entertainment. Usually, the fight lasts for about an hour, after which the town square is covered with tomatoes.

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A	B	C	D	E

40. Установите соответствие между текстами A  — E и их темами, выбрав тему 1  — 6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1)  Transport

2)  Seasons

3)  Geography

4)  History

5)  Weather

6)  A place of interest

A)  Because the Atlantic Ocean is close to St. Petersburg, the city has a milder climate than it is typical for a territory so far in the north. At the same time, winters are rather cold, with a usual January temperature of about -6 °C, a few degrees warmer than in Moscow. Winter temperatures can drop below -40 °C, however. Snow stays on the ground for about 132 days.

B)  The Winter Palace is much larger than the eye can see. You must first look at it from afar, from the opposite bank of the Neva, then come closer, cross the bridge and the small garden near the Admiralty, and pause in Palace Square to see how beautiful the place is. The Winter Palace is a building which you will never forget once you’ve seen it.

C)  St. Petersburg is a city in the northwestern part of Russia. It is an important historical and cultural centre and a port. St. Petersburg lies about 400 miles (640 km) northwest of Moscow. The main river is the Neva River. It flows from Ladoga Lake to the Baltic Sea. The population of the city is about 6 million people; its area is 550 square miles.

D)  St. Petersburg was founded in 1703 by the Russian tsar Peter I who was dreaming of a new capital for his new Russia. The land on the site was marshy and the climate quite cold. A lot of people died while building the city. The first building in the city was Peter and Paul Fortress which is now visited by thousands of tourists every year.

E)  St. Petersburg is one of Russia’s most important transport centres. Its port, the country’s largest, is of international importance. Ships and steamboats connect the city with several western European ports in summers. The city is also a centre of rail routes. There are several big passenger rail terminals in the city. The city also has an underground.

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A	B	C	D	E

41. Установите соответствие между текстами A−E и их темами, выбрав тему 1−6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1)  Geography

2)   Life in the past

3)   A new technology

4)   Drawing a city

5)   Music

6)   A famous person

A)  The Skomorokhs were Russian street performers. They entertained people with songs, dances, comic plays and acrobatic tricks. They appeared in Russia in the 11th century. Skomorokhs added new genres to Russian folk art  — drama and comedy. They staged tales, made plays out of song lyrics or composed plays themselves. The actors wore masks.

B)  Going to Silver Bell Festival is an unforgettable experience. You will have a chance to listen to the best singers performing live. There is always a folk orchestra concert where you can hear the songs from all over the world. You can even try to play different instruments. The participants come from different countries, such as Russia, France, Canada, Japan and many others.

C)  The New York Public Library now has computers in every building. You can use the computers to go on the Internet or to write a paper. The librarians will help if you have a question and there are even free classes to help people learn how to use new computer programs. But this is only the beginning of how the library wants to use modern ideas.

D)  Florence is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It’s no wonder that Florence attracts more than 16 million visitors a year. The city is located in the central part of the country in the region of Tuscany. It is surrounded by hills, and the famous Arno River divides the city into two parts. No matter what time you decide to visit, Florence is an Italian destination not to be missed.

E)  Leonardo da Vinci is a well-known artist, scientist, and inventor of the Italian Renaissance. He made a lot of drawings with different ideas. His journals were filled with over 13,000 pages of his observations of the world. Many of his drawings were on the subject of anatomy. He studied the human body. He had detailed figures of various parts of the body.

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A	B	C	D	E

42. Установите соответствие между текстами A−E и их темами, выбрав тему 1−6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1)  A book

2)  A holiday

3)  A place of interest

4)  Traditional footwear

5)  A famous person

6)  The weather

A)  Lapti are old style shoes of the Russian farmers. Until the beginning of the 20th century lapti were worn in every Russian village, but nowadays one can hardly find anyone wearing them except for special occasions, like celebrations or costume shows. Lapti didn’t last long, and broke in a week or two. They broke even faster in spring or autumn because of the rainy

weather.

B)  Princess Diana was a member ofthe British royal family. She was also called Lady Di. Princess Diana was seen as the real-life heroine of a fairytale. Her fantastic style and beauty attracted people. She was a leader of fashion. Lady Di became the most popular member of the royal family. She was known as the queen of hearts who truly cared about people.

C)  Father’s Day is celebrated throughout the world. It is popular in the United States. It is celebrated on the third Sunday of June. Most people spend the day with their dad. They often give presents and a card, or cook their dad a meal. Typical Father’s Day gifts include ties, clothes, electronics, and tools. Around S1 billion is spent each year on Father’s Day gifts.

D)  The Gallery of Costume in Manchester has one of the largest collections of clothing and fashion accessories in Britain. The collection has clothes from the 17th century to the present day. Many of the clothes represent high fashion of the day. You can also see the uniform of working people, such as the traditional footwear and clothes of Lancashire workers.

E)  A new story by a famous writer Laura Green is worth reading. It is called» A Secret Holiday.» It tells about a brave boy who decided to change his life. When he starts writing a plan, interesting things begin to happen around him. The story will be interesting for teenagers who like good humour and mysteries. You will also enjoy the original colourful pictures.

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A	B	C	D	E

43. Установите соответствие между текстами A−E и их темами, выбрав тему 1−6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1)  A picture

2)  A show

3)  Travel advice

4)  A sport

5)  Winter

6)  A bird

A)  The Durov family is known as talented animal-trainers and naturalists. They started the Durov Animal Theatre in 1912. The theatre today offers fantastic performances with goats, horses, pigeons, cats, dogs and mice! The animal actors perform freely and even with pleasure. Their training is based on using their natural instincts and habits without punishment.

B)  The biggest of all penguins is the emperor penguin. It is almost as tall as the average seven-year-old child! Incredibly, emperor penguins live on the ice in Antarctica during winter. They face temperatures of −30 degrees Celsius and below. In the wild, emperor penguins live 15 to 20 years. Also, they have the deepest dive of all birds: up to 1,850 feet.

C)  The most famous work of the Louvre Museum in Paris is Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci. It is a portrait of a charming lady with long hair. She is wearing a dark dress. The lady is looking at you no matter where you stand. It is only one of the mysteries of the painting. Millions of visitors want to see the unforgettable smile of the lady in the portrait.

D)  August is a great time in Germany. The weather is nice and you can take your favourite dresses and shoes. This is the time of year to pack your warm weather outfits, like shorts and T-shirts or skirts. Don’t forget a light sweater and rain jacket. Also put a swimsuit in your suitcase as swimming is one of the best activities in summer. A pair of sandals is necessary too.

E)  There are a lot of reasons why you should take up swimming. First ofall, it is fun and relaxing. Swimming is a great way to keep fit, stay healthy and make friends. While it’s most often associated with summer, swimming is actually a physical activity in which you can participate any time of the year. You just need to find an indoor pool in your area and buy a swimsuit.

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44. Установите соответствие между текстами A−E и их темами, выбрав тему 1−6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1)  Transport

2)  A celebration

3)  A street

4)  A place to eat

5)  A sports competition

6)  A traditional dish

A)  Karavay is a round Russian yeast bread usually baked for weddings. It is always richly decorated with a pastry wreath symbolizing wealth. Karavay is seen as a symbol of happiness and wealth. The puffier the karavay is, the happier and richer the newlyweds will be once they have tasted it. It is usually served on an embroidered towel with a little cup of salt on top.

B)  Champs-Elysées is one on the most famous places in the world. This Paris avenue stretches 1,17 miles from the Arc de Triomphe to the Place de la Concorde. It is divided into two parts. The lower part is surrounded by gardens, museums, theatres, and a few restaurants. The upper part is the site of luxury shops and hotels, restaurants and pavement cafés, theatres, banks, and offices.

C)  There are many buses in Copenhagen, but the fastest way to get from one part of the city to another is by bike. Forty percent of Copenhageners use their bikes every day, and the city has been designed for cyclists with separate bicycle lanes on most large roads. Cyclists are often allowed to ride both ways in one-way streets. This is a common means of daily transportation.

D)  The Tour de France is probably the world’s most famous cycle race. It takes over 23 days and covers over 2,000 miles. Each year the race takes a different route, but the finish is always in Paris with a magnificent sprint down the Champs-Élysées. Although named the Tour de France, the race sometimes takes place in other countries such as Belgium, Italy and Spain.

E)  You should visit Oliver’s Diner in Belsize Park. You will find generous portions of traditional fish and chips in this bright and welcoming dining room. They also serve a range of more health-focused food including salads, grilled fish and desserts. You can drink a nice cup of tea or coffee and enjoy the atmosphere of this traditional cafe.

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45. Установите соответствие между текстами A−E и их темами, выбрав тему 1−6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1)  Music

2)  A building

3)  Food

4)  Nature

5)  A sport

6)  Health

A)  Lake Baikal is located in Siberia. This deep lake is very old. There is a legend that the water of the lake is magic and can make you younger and healthy. There are beautiful Sayan mountains with many hot springs around Lake Baikal. The wildlife is also amazing. Many of the plants which grow there are rare, so you can find them only in this place.

B)  Sailing is a great outdoor activity. It helps us feel connected to nature. Breathing the sea air is healthy. Although sailing can be hard work, once you learn it, it becomes a very relaxing pastime. It also gives you food for thought. With sailing the mind comes first, muscles after. Sailing is about feeling the sea and the wind. It is so exciting to take part in the sailing competitions.

C)  The Sydney Opera House is one of the most famous sights in Australia. It is known for its unforgettable architectural style. The architect, Jorn Utzon, was inspired by the natural world as he designed it. Utzon wanted to show the beauty of the sea. So he decided to make the roof like rising boat sails. The Sydney Opera House is actually one of the best places to listen to music.

D)  The island of Sri Lanka is best known as the Island of Rice and Curry. The main feature of the country’s cuisine is steamed or boiled rice served with other dishes such as vegetables, chicken or fish. It is very healthy. In fact, Sri Lankan cuisine has been influenced by several cultural and historic factors. Contact with foreigners has also changed the country’s cuisine.

E)  A famous singer visited Moscow last Saturday. She had a concert in one of the biggest stadiums of the city. The audience had a wonderful opportunity to enjoy the best songs and to sing along. The singer presented several new songs at her show. Her voice was very beautiful. The sound and the light were perfect. It was real gift for all the Russian fans of the singer.

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46. Установите соответствие между текстами A−E и их темами, выбрав тему 1−6 из списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1) healthy eating;

2) travelling in Greece;

3) an amazing fish;

4) a traditional dish;

5) the history of sports;

6) outdoor activities.

A)  Visiting the famous Lake Baikal of Russia is a great experience. This natural wonder provides a lot of opportunities to relax. Here you can enjoy fishing, kayaking, motor-biking, skating, and hiking or walking in the woods. If you are not excited with the idea of hiking you can stay at the campsites which are located close to Lake Baikal.

B)  Greeks live long lives. Many people think that their diet keeps them active for a long time. They eat a lot of lamb, fish, squid, chickpeas and different fresh fruit and vegetables. Their traditional dishes always include olives and olive oil, which reduce the risk of a heart attack. Greeks consume a high volume of wild greens, which are high in vitamins and minerals.

C)  The first Olympic Games were held in the southern city of Olympia in 700 B. C. to honour Zeus, the king of the gods. Only men could compete in the events such as sprinting, long jump, discus, javelin, and chariot racing. But those taking part in the wrestling event had to be the toughest, as there were hardly any rules.

D)  Blue marlins are among the largest, fastest, and most recognizable fish in the world. Their cobalt blue and silvery white bodies and spear-shaped upper jaws make this big fish stand out in a big ocean. Just how big is a blue marlin? Female blue marlins can grow up to 14 feet in length and can weigh more than 900 kilograms!

E)  Fish soup, which is called «ukha,» is very popular in Russia and easy to make. Try it with pike, perch or salmon. Put water in a large saucepan and bring to a boil over high heat. Add potatoes, onions and parsley. Heat for 10 to 15 minutes and add the fish. Heat for 10 more minutes, then squeeze in lemon juice and season with salt and pepper to taste.

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47. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1)  a job

2)  getting around

3)  history

4)  keeping fit

5)  clothes

6)  a place of interest

A.  June is a lovely month to visit Moscow, even if you are not very lucky with sunny skies and warm temperatures. Early June in Moscow can be cool, it’s best to take a light jacket or a raincoat when you travel to Moscow. You can bring some T-shirts. It’s also a good idea to pack long pants or a long skirt. Since it often rains, always carry an umbrella in your bag.

B.  Many people do their best to be in good shape. They try to have a healthy lifestyle and keep to a diet. It is important to eat healthy food, such as fruit and vegetables. Many shops sell organic food, which is healthy. It is also very important to get enough exercise every day. For example, cycling is a great way to get around the city and train your muscles.

C.  One of Brazil’s most famous symbols is the statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro. It is one of the modern wonders of the world. The statue is 98 feet tall and has a 26-feet tall pedestal. Its arms stretch 92 feet wide. The statue is made of stone and concrete. It is located on Corcovado mountain. The construction of the statue of Jesus Christ started in 1922 and finished by 1931.

D.  Copenhagen is the capital of Denmark. It is famous for its bicycle-friendly residents and infrastructure. In fact, about 62% of all citizens in Copenhagen go to work, college, or school by bicycle. A well-designed system of cycle tracks in Copenhagen makes cycling an easy mode of transport for its citizens. Cycling is also a healthier and cleaner mode of transport.

E.  Working as a tour guide is very interesting, but it can be hard. Tour guides introduce visitors to sightseeing. They tell interesting information about museums and historical sights to tourists, students and other visitors. They should be keen on history, art, culture and geography. A tour guide visits many places of interest. They usually wear a company uniform.

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48. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1)  a holiday with history

2)  a holiday for children

3)  a forgotten holiday

4)  a family holiday

5)  a patriotic holiday

6)  an old tradition

A.  Perhaps the most favourite holiday in Russia is New Year’s Eve. Russian people love it even more now because of long holidays (usually from the 1^st to the 9 — ^th or 10 — ^th of January). Traditionally, New Year’s Eve is a family holiday, which is usually spent at home with loved ones, when you can eat tasty food, play board games or spend a lot of time outdoors.

B.  The date for Christmas in Russia is different from Europe. In Russia it is one of the main religious Christian holidays. Christmas Day is the beginning of the Christmas period, which lasts until the 19th of January. During this time, Russian girls used to predict their future. It was believed that at Christmas time, such fortunetelling was most likely to come true.

C.  People in Russia think International Women’s Day is very important. This is a holiday that has expanded its limits. It was originally dedicated to the struggle by women for their rights, but over the years, it has almost lost its meaning. Now on this day, Russian men give women flowers and small gifts and do all the housework.

D.  The 9 — ^th of May is one of the most important and favourite holidays in Russia. It is dedicated to Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941−1945. This is the day to congratulate veterans and remember the heroism of Soviet soldiers, many of whom had to pay for the victory with their lives. The 9th of May ends with a firework display in all cities of Russia.

E.  The 1^st of September is the beginning of the school year in Russia. On this day you can see lots of school children with bouquets of flowers, accompanied by their parents to school. Not all of them have greatly missed their studies over the summer, but still they are happy to be back at school, to meet old friends and to make new ones.

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49. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1)  parks;

2)  a place of Interest;

3)  food;

4)  history;

5)  shopping;

6)  animals.

A.  In 1666, there was a big fire in London. It’s called The Fire of London. It began in Pudding Lane, near London Bridge. More than a quarter of a million Londoners lost their homes in the fire. But the fire also destroyed most of the worst old buildings, and the new houses that went up after this were much better for people to live in than the previous ones.

B.  The Tower of London is now a museum, and one of London’s most famous buildings. More than two million people visit it every year. There you can see the Crown Jewels and visit the Bloody Tower and the White Tower. You may also take a walk round the wall and perhaps see one of the Tower’s most famous birds — the ravens.

C.  When you are tired of looking at London buildings, you can sit or walk in one of London’s beautiful parks. Regent’s Park is the home of London Zoo. The zoo has thousands of birds and animals from all over the world. There is also a theatre in the park. In the evening in summers you can sit out under the night sky and watch a play by William Shakespeare.

D.  You can find food from nearly every country in the world in London. In Soho in the West End you can find the most famous restaurants and cafes. There are also thousands of pubs in the city. If you want to try some English fish and chips, London is the best place to do it. This is a tasty dish and it’s quite cheap. Everybody will find something tasty.

E.  Oxford Street in London has many big shops — Selfridges, Marks and Spencer, John Lewis, Debenhams. There are always lots of people looking at the shops there, but at Christmas thousands of people come to buy things for their friends and family for Christmas. One more busy shop in London is certainly Harrods. The Queen does her shopping there.

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50. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1)  travel advice;

2)  a well-known person;

3)  school activities;

4)  books;

5)  free time activities in the past;

6)  a national sport.

A.  The 19th century was the golden age of literature and arts in Russia. Alexander Pushkin was a famous writer and poet who lived during this time. You can hardly find a person who hasn’t read his books. Not only did Pushkin write about ordinary Russians and Russian themes, he also wrote in Russian. He created the Russian literary language at a time when the court used French.

B.  People in Italy enjoyed all sorts of entertainment during the sixteenth century. They went to festivals, sporting events, and played games such as chess and cards. Perhaps the biggest event was a carnival which took place at the beginning of spring each year. People would have big parties and dress up in colourful costumes for the Masquerade. This tradition is still very popular.

C.  Students should read a lot of different books, including classic novels from the past and early twenty-first century fiction for teenagers. They also study plays by the well-known English writer William Shakespeare. Students learn about his style. They also study a wide variety of non-fiction texts such as newspapers and speeches. There is a lot of discussion at the lessons.

D.  The best time to visit Lake Baikal is from May to October. Summer is the best time for hiking, going on excursions, fishing, riding jeeps along the coast, and swimming. In addition to this, one can enjoy the beaches and yachting. In wintertime, people come to Lake Baikal mostly for skiing. You should also try such activities as riding snowmobiles, skating, and mountain skiing.

E.  Skiing has a special place in Norwegian culture and history. It is a favourite pastime during winter. A national ski marathon attracts a lot of Norwegians year after year. Norway has traditionally dominated the skiing world cup and Olympic events. Skiers like Bjorn Daehlie are among the greatest stars in the country. Many tourists come to skiing schools in Norway.

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51. Установите соответствие между текстами и их темами, выбрав тему из выпадающего списка. Используйте каждую тему только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

This text deals with …

1)  traditional food;

2)  visitors;

3)  a big city;

4)  clothes;

5)  healthy food;

6)  the weather.

A.  Many people believe that it is very cold in Russia, but is it not completely true. Russia is certainly one of the coldest countries in the world in the winter. In the Moscow area the temperature can be -30 degrees Celsius. In the North it gets even colder. However, a lot of regions in Russia also have incredibly warm and sunny summers, and very mild fall and spring seasons.

B.  Fruits and vegetables of all kinds are very good for your body. Cucumbers have a mild, refreshing taste and high water content. They can be pleasant to eat in hot weather. Cucumbers have been grown in India for food and medical purposes since ancient times. They lower risk of extra weight, diabetes and heart disease. They increase energy, and lead to a healthy body weight.

C.  Italian ice-cream is called gelato, and it is part of everyday life in Italy. In fact, gelato is not the same as ice-cream because it has less butter fat. Many people are sure that this is the best ice-cream in the world. You can buy gelato everywhere in Italy, especially in the warmer months. There are many different tastes, such as vanilla, chocolate, nuts and of course fruits.

D.  If you go to Australia, you must visit Sydney. It is a place of many attractions and a popular first destination for visitors to Australia. You can see the famous Sydney Opera House, yachts, and ferries on Sydney Harbour. There are a lot of white-sand beaches to enjoy. You should visit galleries and museums in the heart of Sydney. You will be excited by many other attractions.

E.  Winters in Scandinavia might be really cold. People wear warm winter boots for walking on the snow and ice. It is necessary to have a warm waterproof jacket and a classic set of a hat, gloves and a scarf if you live in Scandinavian countries. Many people buy long underwear. For trips to the cities, visitors should dress warm and never forget their hats.

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