Audience meaning of the word

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

An audience is a group of people who participate in a show or encounter a work of art, literature (in which they are called «readers»), theatre, music (in which they are called «listeners»), video games (in which they are called «players»), or academics in any medium. Audience members participate in different ways in different kinds of art. Some events invite overt audience participation and others allow only modest clapping and criticism and reception.

Media audience studies have become a recognized part of the curriculum. Audience theory offers scholarly insight into audiences in general. These insights shape our knowledge of just how audiences affect and are affected by different forms of art. The biggest art form is the mass media. Films, video games, radio shows, software (and hardware), and other formats are affected by the audience and its reviews and recommendations.

In the age of easy internet participation and citizen journalism, professional creators share space, and sometimes attention with the public. American journalist Jeff Jarvis said, «Give the people control of media, they will use it. The corollary: Don’t give the people control of media, and you will lose. Whenever citizens can exercise control, they will.»[1] Tom Curley, President of the Associated Press, similarly said, «The users are deciding what the point of their engagement will be — what application, what device, what time, what place.»[1]

Types[edit]

Particular (real)[edit]

In rhetoric, some audiences depend on circumstance and situation and are characterized by the individuals that make up the audience. Sometimes these audiences are subject to persuasion and engage with the ideas of the speaker. Ranging in size and composition, this audience may come together and form a «composite» of multiple groups.[2]

Immediate[edit]

An immediate audience is a type of audience that is composed of individuals who are face-to-face subjects with a speaker and a speaker’s rhetorical text or speech.[3] This audience directly listens to, engages with, and consumes the rhetorical text in an unmediated fashion. In measuring immediate audience reception and feedback, (audience measurement), one can depend on personal interviews, applause, and verbal comments made during and after a rhetorical speech.[2]

Mediated[edit]

In contrast to immediate audiences, mediated audiences are composed of individuals who consume rhetorical texts in a manner that is different from the time or place in which a speaker presents text. Audiences who consume texts or speeches through television, radio and internet are considered mediated audiences because those mediums separate the rhetor and the audience.[4] Such audiences are physically away from the audience and the message is controlled.[3] Understanding the size and composition of mediated audiences can be difficult because mediums such as television, radio, and Internet can displace the audience from the time and circumstance of a rhetorical text or speech.[2] In measuring mediated audience reception and feedback (a practice called audience measurement), one can depend on opinion polls and ratings, as well as comments and forums that may be featured on a website. This applies to may fields such as movies, songs and much more. There are companies that specialize in audience measurement.[5]

Theoretical (imagined)[edit]

Theoretical audiences are imagined for the purpose of helping a speaker compose, practice, or a critic to understand, a rhetorical text or speech.[6]

Self (self-deliberation)[edit]

When a rhetor deeply considers, questions, and deliberates over the content of the ideas they are conveying, it can be said that these individuals are addressing the audience of self, or self-deliberating. Scholars Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca , in their book The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation,[7] argue that the rhetor «is in a better position than anyone else to test the value of his own arguments.» The audience of self, while not serving as the ends to all rhetorical purpose or circumstance, nevertheless acts as a type of audience that not only operates as a function of self-help, but as instrument used to discover the available means of persuasion.[8]

Universal[edit]

The universal audience is an imagined audience that serves as an ethical and argumentative test for the rhetor. This also requires the speaker to imagine a composite audience that contains individuals from diverse backgrounds and to discern whether or not the content of the rhetorical text or speech would appeal to individuals within that audience. Scholars Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca ascertain that the content addressed to a universal audience «must convince the reader that the reasons adduced are of a compelling character, that they are self-evident, and possess an absolute and timeless validity».[7] The concept of the universal audience has received criticism for being idealistic because it can be considered as an impediment in achieving persuasive effect with particular audiences. Yet, it still may be useful as an ethical guide for a speaker and a critical tool for a reader or audience.[8]

Ideal[edit]

An ideal audience is a rhetor’s imagined, intended audience. In creating a rhetorical text, a rhetor imagines is the target audience, a group of individuals that will be addressed, persuaded, or affected by the speech or rhetorical text.[9] This type of audience is not necessarily imagined as the most receptive audience, but as the future particular audience that the rhetor will engage with. Imagining such an audience allows a rhetor to formulate appeals that will grant success in engaging with the future particular audience. In considering an ideal audience, a rhetor can imagine future conditions of mediation, size, demographics, and shared beliefs among the audience to be persuaded.[10]

Implied[edit]

An implied audience is an imaginary audience determined by an auditor or reader as the text’s constructed audience. The implied audience is not the actual audience, but the one that can be inferred by reading or analyzing the text. Communications scholar Edwin Black, in his essay, The Second Persona,[11] presents the theoretical concept of the implied audience using the idea of two personae. The first persona is the implied rhetoric (the idea of the speaker formed by the audience) and the second persona is the implied audience (the idea of the audience formed by and utilized for persuasion in the speech situation). A critic could also determine what the text wants that audience to become or do after the rhetorical situation.[12]

On the web[edit]

Through the Internet, every person is given the opportunity to participate in different ways. The Internet gives people a platform to write and reach the people who are interested in what they are writing about. When writers write online, they are able to form communities with the people they share common interests with. The audiences that people are trying to reach can be general or specific, all depending on what the writer is discussing in their online posts.[13] Audiences have to go and check into what the writers are writing to stay on top of the latest information. Writers have to find their niche and try hard to work their way into an already formed community. The audience the writer is reaching is able to respond to the writers posts and can give feedback. The Internet allows these connections to be formed and fostered. In the Here Comes Everybody book by Clay Shirky, there are various examples of how audience is not only receiving content but actually creating it. The Internet creates a chance of being part of an audience and a creator at the same time.[14]

Audience participation[edit]

Dancing with Iggy — audience participation at Sziget Festival

Audience participation is commonly found in performances which break the fourth wall. Examples include the traditional British pantomimes, stand-up comedy, and creative stage shows such as Blue Man Group.

Audience participation can be uncomfortable for certain people,[15] but is growing and evolving as a new tool of brand activation and brand engagement. In a bid to create and reinforce a special bond between brands and their consumers, companies are increasingly looking towards events that involve active audience participation. Often, organizations provide branded objects to event attendees that will involve the audience in the show as well as act as souvenirs of the event, creating a lasting link with the brand.[16] For example, during Super Bowl XLVIII, the audience was incorporated in the Super Bowl XLVIII Halftime Show as part of the lighting effects. Pepsi involved the spectators by giving them «video ski hats» that produced visual effects across the crowd.[17]
By appealing more directly to people and emotions, brands can obtain feedback from their consumers. Companies that provide or seek such experiences refer to the term «crowd activation». For example, Tangible Interaction named one of its branches Crowd Activation[18] and PixMob refers to itself as a crowd activation company on its website.[19]

One of the most well-known examples of popular audience participation accompanies the motion picture and music The Rocky Horror Picture Show and its earlier stage incarnation The Rocky Horror Show. The audience participation elements are often seen as the most important part of the picture, to the extent that the audio options on the DVD version include the option.

Examples[edit]

Audience at a Frontier Fiesta show, 1950s

Audience at a show in Hong Kong.

In the audience participation for The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975), the audience will make «call backs», and yell at the screen at certain parts of the movie. Also, a number of props are thrown and used by the audience during certain parts of the film.

The Blues Brothers (1980) has become a staple of late-night cinema, even slowly morphing into an audience-participation show in its regular screenings at the Valhalla Cinema, in Melbourne, Australia.[20] John Landis acknowledged the support of the cinema and the fans by a phone call he made to the cinema at the 10th-anniversary screening, and later invited regular attendees to make cameo appearances in Blues Brothers 2000 (1998). The fans act as the members of the crowd during the performance of «Ghost Riders in the Sky».[21]

In British pantomime performances, the audience is a crucial aspect of the show and is expected to perform certain tasks such as:

  • Interacting with an «audience friend», a character often designed to be comedic and sympathetic, such as Buttons from «Cinderella». Typical interactions include call and response (e.g. Buttons: «Hiya gang!» Audience: «Hiya Buttons!»)
  • Back and forth arguments, usually composed of simple, repetitive phrases (e.g. Character: «No there isn’t!» Audience: «Yes there is!»)
  • «Ghost gags», where the audience yells loudly to inform the character of imminent danger, usually whilst the character is completely unaware.

The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged) divides the audience into groups assigned to call out the concerns of three components of a character’s psyche.

In The Mystery of Edwin Drood, a Broadway theatre musical based on Charles Dickens’s last, unfinished work, the audience must vote for whom they think the murderer is, as well as the real identity of the detective and the couple who end up together.

The 1984 Summer Olympics included card stunts at the Olympic Stadium.

Tony n’ Tina’s Wedding engages the entire audience at once, staging a narrative set during a wedding in which the audience performs the role of «guests».

The British panel game QI often allows the audience to try to answer questions. Currently, the audience have won one show, and have come last in another.

Magic shows often rely on some audience participation. Psychological illusionist Derren Brown relies heavily on audience participation in his live shows.

During performances of the «Radetzky March», it is traditional for the audience to clap along with the beat of the second (louder) repetitions of the chorus. This is particularly notable at the Neujahrskonzert.

Bloggers, YouTubers, and live streamers often allow their viewers moderated or unmoderated comments sections.

Some musical groups often heavily incorporate audience participation into their live shows. The superhero-themed comedy rock band The Aquabats typically do so within their theatrical stage shows through such antics as «pool floatie races», where members of the band race across the venue on inflatable rafts via crowd surfing, or providing the audience with projectiles (such as plastic balls or beach balls) to throw at costumed «bad guys» who come out on stage. Koo Koo Kanga Roo, a comedy dance-pop duo, write their music solely for audience participation, utilizing call and response style sing-along songs which are usually accompanied by a simple dance move that the band encourage the audience to follow along with.

Faux participation[edit]

The television series Mystery Science Theater 3000 featured a man and his robots who were held as imprisoned audience members and tortured by being forced to view «bad» movies; to retain their sanity, they talked throughout and heckled each one.

In a similar vein, the online site Television Without Pity has a stable of reviewers and recappers who speak the lingo of audience members rather than of scholars, and who sometimes act as though they, too, are being tortured.[22]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Rosen, Jay (June 27, 2006). «The People Formerly Known as the Audience». Press Think. Archived from the original on 2016-08-30. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
  2. ^ a b c «The Rhetorical Situation» (PDF). University of Arkansas Sam M. Walton College of Business.
  3. ^ a b Hinck, Edward A. (2018). Televised Presidential Debates in a Changing Media Environment. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781440850448.
  4. ^ Nordquist, Richard. «How to Speak and Write With an Audience in Mind». ThoughtCo. Retrieved 2019-09-30.
  5. ^ James, Webster; Phalen, Patricia; Lichty, Lawrence (2014). Ratings Analysis: Audience Measurement and Analytics (Fourth ed.). New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-52652-4.
  6. ^ Litt, Eden; Hargittai, Eszter (2016-01-01). «The Imagined Audience on Social Network Sites». Social Media + Society. 2 (1): 2056305116633482. doi:10.1177/2056305116633482. ISSN 2056-3051.
  7. ^ a b Perelman, Chaïm; L. Olbrechts-Tyteca (1969). The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press.
  8. ^ a b Litt, Eden (2012-07-01). «Knock, Knock. Who’s There? The Imagined Audience». Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 56 (3): 330–345. doi:10.1080/08838151.2012.705195. ISSN 0883-8151.
  9. ^ Strohm, Paul (1983). «Chaucer’s Audience(s): Fictional, Implied, Intended, Actual». The Chaucer Review. 18 (2): 137–145. ISSN 0009-2002. JSTOR 25093871.
  10. ^ Sargent-Baur, Barbara N. (1992-01-01). «Communication and implied audience(s) in Villon’s Testament». Neophilologus. 76 (1): 35–40. doi:10.1007/BF00316754. ISSN 1572-8668. S2CID 162256798.
  11. ^ Black, Edwin (1998). «The Second Persona». In John Lucaites; Celeste Michelle Condit; Sally Caudill (eds.). Contemporary Rhetorical Theory: A Reader. New York: Guilford Press. pp. 331–340. ISBN 1-572-30401-4.
  12. ^ Bell, Joanna H.; Bromnick, Rachel D. (2003). «The social reality of the imaginary audience: a grounded theory approach». Adolescence. 38 (150): 205–219. ISSN 0001-8449. PMID 14560876.
  13. ^ Livingstone, Sonia (May 1998). «Audience research at the crossroads» (PDF). European Journal of Cultural Studies. 1 (2): 193–217. doi:10.1177/136754949800100203. ISSN 1367-5494. S2CID 7338276.
  14. ^ Shirky, Clay (2008). Here Comes Everybody. Penguin Group. ISBN 978-1-59420-153-0.
  15. ^ Ro, Christine. «Why Audience Participation Is So Terrifying». The Cut. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
  16. ^ Cornwell, T. Bettina; Weeks, Clinton S.; Roy, Donald P. (2005). «Sponsorship-Linked Marketing: Opening the Black Box». Journal of Advertising. 34 (2): 21–42. doi:10.1080/00913367.2005.10639194. JSTOR 4189295. S2CID 15520591.
  17. ^ Ellen Lampert-Greaux (February 3, 2014) PixMob Brings LED Technology To The Super Bowl XLVIII Halftime Show Live Design Online
  18. ^ «about». about | Tangible Interaction.
  19. ^ «PixMob — LED wristbands for enhanced crowd experiences». www.pixmob.com.
  20. ^ Coslovich, Gabriella (February 11, 2003). «A mission from God nears its end». The Age. Melbourne. Archived from the original on December 27, 2008. Retrieved December 16, 2008.
  21. ^ «The Melbourne Blues Brothers go global!». The Return of the Blues Brothers. Archived from the original on July 20, 2002. Retrieved December 16, 2008.
  22. ^ «‘Buffy the Vampire Slayer’: We fall to pieces». Television Without Pity. May 6, 2002. Archived from the original on August 2, 2012. Retrieved August 6, 2012. Everybody hurts…sometimes. The only question remaining is: who’s hurting the most? Is it Anya, Xander, Buffy, and Spike for having to live this crap, or [recapper] Ace for having to watch it?

Further reading[edit]

  • Steinmetz, John. How to Enjoy a Live Concert. [S.l.]: Naxos, [199-?]. 51 p., with ill.

Wikiquote has quotations related to Audience.

Источник

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle English audience, from Middle French audience, from Old French audience, from Latin audientia, from present participle audiens (“hearing”), from verb audio (“I hear”). Doublet of audiencia.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈɔːdɪəns/
  • (US) IPA(key): /ˈɔdiəns/, /ˈɑdiəns/

Noun[edit]

audience (plural audiences)

  1. A group of people within hearing; specifically, a large gathering of people listening to or watching a performance, speech, etc. [from 15th c.]

    • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter III, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

      One saint’s day in mid-term a certain newly appointed suffragan-bishop came to the school chapel, and there preached on “The Inner Life.”  He at once secured attention by his informal method, and when presently the coughing of Jarvis […] interrupted the sermon, he altogether captivated his audience with a remark about cough lozenges being cheap and easily procurable.

    We joined the audience just as the lights went down.

  2. (now rare) Hearing; the condition or state of hearing or listening. [from 14th c.]
  3. A widespread or nationwide viewing or listening public, as of a TV or radio network or program.
  5. A formal meeting with a state or religious dignitary. [from 16th c.]

    She managed to get an audience with the Pope.

    • 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Citadel:

      Captain Anderson: Sounds like you convinced the Council to give us an audience.
      Ambassador Udina: They were not happy about it. Saren’s their top agent. They don’t like him being accused of treason.

  6. The readership of a book or other written publication. [from 19th c.]

    «Private Eye» has a small but faithful audience.

  7. A following. [from 20th c.]

    The opera singer expanded his audience by singing songs from the shows.

  8. (historical) An audiencia (judicial court of the Spanish empire), or the territory administered by it.

Usage notes[edit]

  • In some dialects, audience is used as a plurale tantum.
    The audience are getting restless.

Synonyms[edit]

  • hearership, listenership
  • (large gathering of people watching a performance): spectators, crowd

Derived terms[edit]

  • audience left
  • audience right
  • audience wave
  • audience-proof
  • captive audience
  • inherited audience
  • intended audience
  • target audience
  • viewing audience

[edit]

Translations[edit]

group of people seeing a performance

  • Albanian: audiencë (sq)
  • Apache:
    Western Apache: dabiłdéniidí
  • Arabic: جُمْهُور‎ m (jumhūr), نَظَّارَة‎ f (naẓẓāra)
  • Armenian: ունկնդիրներ (hy) pl (unkndirner), հանդիսատես (hy) (handisates)
  • Basque: entzuleak
  • Belarusian: пу́бліка f (públika)
  • Bulgarian: пу́блика (bg) f (públika), аудито́рия (bg) f (auditórija)
  • Burmese: ပရိသတ် (my) (pa.ri.sat)
  • Catalan: públic (ca) m
  • Chinese:
    Cantonese: 觀眾／观众 (gun1 zung3), 聽眾／听众 (ting3 zung3)
    Mandarin: 觀眾／观众 (zh) (guānzhòng), (listeners) 聽眾／听众 (zh) (tīngzhòng)
  • Czech: obecenstvo (cs) n
  • Danish: publik c, publikum (da) n
  • Dutch: publiek (nl) n
  • Esperanto: spektantaro
  • Finnish: yleisö (fi), katsojat (fi) pl
  • French: assistance (fr) f, public (fr) m, auditoire (fr) m
  • Galician: público (gl) m, audiencia f
  • Georgian: please add this translation if you can
  • German: Publikum (de) n, Zuschauer (de) pl, Audienzen (de) pl
  • Greek: ακροατήριο (el) n (akroatírio), κοινό (el) n (koinó)
  • Haitian Creole: odyans, piblik
  • Hungarian: közönség (hu)
  • Indonesian: penonton (id)
  • Interlingua: auditorio, publico
  • Italian: pubblico (it) m, uditorio (it) m
  • Japanese: 聴衆 (ja) (ちょうしゅう, chōshū), 観衆 (ja) (かんしゅう, kanshū), 観客 (ja) (かんきゃく, kankyaku)
  • Khmer: ទស្សនិកជន (tôssânĭkchôn)
  • Korean: 관중(觀衆) (ko) (gwanjung), 관객(觀客) (ko) (gwan’gaek)
  • Kurdish:
    Central Kurdish: جمھور‎ (cimhur)
  • Latin: audientes m pl, auditorium n
  • Macedonian: публика f (publika)
  • Malay: penonton
  • Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
  • Norwegian:
    Bokmål: publikum n
  • Polish: widownia (pl) f, publika (pl) f, audytorium (pl) n
  • Portuguese: público (pt) m, plateia (pt) f, audiência (pt) f
  • Romanian: asistență (ro) f
  • Russian: пу́блика (ru) f (públika), зри́тели (ru) m pl (zríteli), аудито́рия (ru) f (auditórija)
  • Scottish Gaelic: èisteachd f
  • Shan: ၽူႈၸူမ်း (phūu tsúum)
  • Slovene: občinstvo n
  • Spanish: audiencia (es) f, público (es) m
  • Swedish: publik (sv) c
  • Telugu: ప్రేక్షకులు (te) (prēkṣakulu)
  • Thai: ผู้ชม (pûu-chom), นักอ่าน
  • Turkish: seyirci (tr), izleyici (tr), dinleyici (tr) (listeners), okuyucu (tr) (readership)
  • Ukrainian: аудито́рія (uk) f (audytórija), пу́бліка f (públika), авдито́рія f (avdytórija)
  • Vietnamese: khán giả (vi), quý vị (vi)
  • Welsh: cynulleidfa (cy) f

readership of a written publication

  • Bulgarian: чита́тели (bg) m pl (čitáteli)
  • Danish: læsere c pl
  • Dutch: publiek (nl) n, lezerspubliek (nl) n, lezers (nl) pl
  • Esperanto: legantaro
  • Finnish: lukijat (fi) pl, lukijakunta (fi)
  • French: lectorat (fr)
  • German: Publikum (de) n
  • Greek: κοινό (el) n (koinó)
  • Italian: pubblico (it) m
  • Norwegian:
    Bokmål: lesere pl
  • Portuguese: público (pt) m
  • Russian: чита́тели (ru) m pl (čitáteli), аудито́рия (ru) f (auditórija)
  • Scottish Gaelic: èisteachd f
  • Spanish: público (es) m
  • Swedish: läsare (sv)
  • Ukrainian: аудито́рія (uk) f (audytórija), авдито́рія f (avdytórija)

formal meeting with a dignitary

  • Belarusian: аўдые́нцыя f (aŭdyjéncyja)
  • Bulgarian: аудие́нция (bg) f (audiéncija)
  • Chinese:
    Mandarin: 聽眾／听众 (zh) (tīngzhòng)
  • Danish: audiens c
  • Dutch: audiëntie (nl) n, onderhoud (nl) n
  • Esperanto: aŭdienco
  • Finnish: vastaanotto (fi), audienssi (fi)
  • French: audience (fr)
  • Galician: audiencia f
  • German: Audienz (de) f
  • Greek: ακρόαση (el) f (akróasi)
  • Hungarian: kihallgatás (hu), audiencia (hu)
  • Interlingua: audientia
  • Italian: udienza (it) f
  • Latin: admissiō f
  • Norwegian:
    Bokmål: audiens m
    Nynorsk: audiens m
  • Polish: audiencja (pl) f
  • Portuguese: audiência (pt) f
  • Romanian: audiență (ro) f
  • Russian: аудие́нция (ru) f (audijéncija)
  • Slovene: avdienca f
  • Spanish: audiencia (es) f
  • Swedish: audiens (sv) c
  • Ukrainian: аудіє́нція (uk) f (audijéncija)

following

  • Danish: følgeskare c
  • Dutch: gevolg (nl) n
  • Esperanto: sekvantaro (eo)
  • Finnish: yleisö (fi)
  • Greek: κοινό (el) n (koinó)
  • Malay: pengikut, peminat (ms)
  • Portuguese: público (pt) m
  • Spanish: audiencia (es) f
  • Telugu: అనుచరులు (anucarulu)
  • Ukrainian: аудіє́нція (uk) f (audijéncija)

Translations to be checked

  • Albanian: (please verify) audiencë (sq)
  • Hebrew: (please verify) קהל‎ (he) m (qahal) (1); (please verify) קהל-הקוראים‎ m (qahal-ha’qor’ym) (2); (please verify) קהל-מעריצים‎ m (qhal-ma’aritzym) (3); (please verify) מפגש‎ m (mifgash) (4)
  • Ido: (please verify) audienco (io)
  • Korean: (please verify) 경청자 (gyeongcheongja)
  • Latin: (please verify) auditores (nominative), (please verify) auditorum (genitive); (please verify) spectatores (nominative), (please verify) spectatorum (genitive)
  • Serbo-Croatian: (please verify) gledaoci (sh) (viewers), (please verify) slušaoci (listeners)

Further reading[edit]

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old French audience, borrowed from Latin audientia, from present participle audiens (“hearing”), from verb audio (“I hear”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /o.djɑ̃s/

Noun[edit]

audience f (plural audiences)

  1. audience, viewer
    Synonyms: attention, entretien, séance

Derived terms[edit]

  • salle d’audience

[edit]

  • audimat
  • audimètre
  • auditeur, auditrice
  • audition
  • auditoire

Further reading[edit]

  • “audience”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Italian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English audience, from Latin audientia, derived from audiēns, present active participle of audiō (“to hear, listen to”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈɔ.djens/, /ˈo.djens/[1]
  • Rhymes: -ɔdjens, -odjens
  • Hyphenation: au‧dience

Noun[edit]

audience f (uncountable)

  1. audience (widespread or nationwide viewing or listening public)

[edit]

  • udienza

References[edit]

  1. ^ audience in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
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  • 1
    audience

    1) пу́блика, зри́тели, аудито́рия

    2) радиослу́шатели, телезри́тели

    3) аудие́нция (of, with — у кого-л.);

    Англо-русский словарь Мюллера > audience

  • 2
    audience

    Персональный Сократ > audience

  • 3
    audience

    сущ.

    1)

    общ.

    публика, аудитория, зрители

    to attract [draw] an audience — привлекать внимание публики; собирать аудиторию

    Syn:

    See:

    to give [grant] an audience — давать аудиенцию

    The queen granted us an audience. — Королева назначила нам аудиенцию.

    Syn:

    3) аудитория, зрители, слушатели

    TV [radio] audience — аудитория телевизионного [радио-] вещания

    See:

    See:

    audience composition, audience duplication, audience selectivity, audience accumulation, audience builder, target audience, audience research, average audience, bedrock audience, business audience, cinema audience, downscale audience, expanding audience, household audience, intended audience, gross audience, one-issue audience, outside audience, pass-along audience, available audience, receptive audience

    * * *

    общее число лиц, которые могут воспринять рекламное сообщение, распространяемое с помощью средств распространения рекламы

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > audience

  • 4
    audience

      аудитория; публика; аудитория средства массовой информации; целевая аудитория

    ♦ ad playback audience аудитория людей, способных воспроизвести содержание рекламного объявления

    ♦ captive audience — «взятая в плен» аудитория; аудитория, у которой нет выбора смотреть или не смотреть рекламу (напр. аудитория фильма в кинотеатре)

    ♦ cumulative audience (cume) кумулятивная аудитория, накопленная в течение определенного времени одним или несколькими СМИ

    ♦ gross audience общая, совокупная аудитория, достигнутая с помощью нескольких рекламных сообщений или рекламоносителей в рамках одной рекламной кампании

    ♦ holdover audience аудитория, оставшаяся после предыдущей программы на том же канале или на той же волне

    ♦ net weekly audience «чистая» (недублированная) еженедельная аудитория средства массовой информации

    ♦ ripe audience «созревшая», готовая к (покупательному) действию аудитория

    Англо-русский словарь по рекламе > audience

  • 5
    audience

    [ˈɔ:djəns]

    audience аудиенция (of, with — у кого-л.); to give an audience дать аудиенцию; выслушать audience аудитория audience публика; зрители audience публика audience радиослушатели, телезрители commercial audience коммерческая реклама cumulative audience инф. совокупная аудитория duplicated audience инф. удвоенная аудитория educated audience просвещенная аудитория enlightened audience просвещенная аудитория audience аудиенция (of, with — у кого-л.); to give an audience дать аудиенцию; выслушать gross audience массовый зритель primary audience аудитория, на которую рассчитана определенная передача primary audience целевая аудитория target audience целевая аудитория unduplicated audience совокупная аудитория определенной передачи well-informed audience эрудированная аудитория

    English-Russian short dictionary > audience

  • 6
    audience

    ˈɔ:djəns сущ.
    1) публика;
    зрители to attract, draw an audience ≈ привлечь внимание публики to electrify. grip, move, stir, sway an audience ≈ «раскачать» публику appreciative audience ≈ благодарная аудитория enthusiastic, responsive audience ≈ активная аудитория cold, passive, unresponsive audience ≈ пассивная публика sympathetic audience ≈ сострадательная публика unsympathetic audience ≈ несострадательная аудитория These teachers easily found attentive audience. ≈ Эти преподаватели быстро нашли благодарных слушателей. Syn: public
    2) радиослушатели, телезрители The audience for broadcast entertainment has already far outstripped in size any other audience in the world. ≈ Аудитория, слушающая музыкально-развлекательные программы по радио, по количеству слушателей превзошла все другие виды аудиторий в мире.
    3) аудиенция (of, with — у кого-л.) to give an audience ≈ дать аудиенцию;
    выслушать

    audience аудиенция (of, with — у кого-л.) ;
    to give an audience дать аудиенцию;
    выслушать ~ аудитория ~ публика;
    зрители ~ публика ~ радиослушатели, телезрители

    audience аудиенция (of, with — у кого-л.) ;
    to give an audience дать аудиенцию;
    выслушать

    primary ~ аудитория, на которую рассчитана определенная передача primary ~ целевая аудитория

    target ~ целевая аудитория

    unduplicated ~ совокупная аудитория определенной передачи

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > audience

  • 7
    audience

    1. n публика, зрители, аудитория

    2. n радиослушатели; телезрители

    3. n офиц. аудиенция

    4. n офиц. возможность высказаться; встреча

    Синонимический ряд:

    3. following (noun) clientage; clientele; constituency; following; public

    4. hearing (noun) conversation; discussion; examination; hearing; review

    5. spectators (noun) attendance; fans; listeners; patrons; public in attendance; spectators; viewers; witnesses

    English-Russian base dictionary > audience

  • 8
    audience

    [‘ɔːdɪəns]

    n

    аудитория, зрители, публика, слушатели

    There was a large audience at the theatre. — В театре было много публики.

    These teachers easily found attentive audience. — Эти преподаватели быстро нашли благодарных слушателей.

    These teachers easily found attentive audience. — Эти преподаватели быстро нашли благодарных слушателей.

    The audience for broadcast entertainment has already far outstripped in size any other audience in the world. — Аудитория, слушающая музыкально-развлекательные программы по радио, по количеству слушателей превзошла все другие виды аудиторий в мире.


    — enthusiastic audience
    — cold audience
    — sympathetic audience
    — unsympathetic audience
    — speak before a large audience
    — attract an audience
    — electrify an audience

    USAGE:

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > audience

  • 9
    audience

    Politics english-russian dictionary > audience

  • 10
    audience

    [ʹɔ:dıəns]

    1. 1) публика, зрители, аудитория

    an audience of 20,000 — двадцать тысяч зрителей

    his book has reached a wide audience — его книга дошла до широких кругов читателей

    2) радиослушатели; телезрители

    a TV commentator may have an audience of millions — телекомментатора одновременно слушают и смотрят миллионы

    1) аудиенция ()

    an audience with the President — приём /аудиенция/ у президента

    to be received in audience by smb. — получить аудиенцию у кого-л.

    2) (with) возможность высказаться (); встреча ()

    he should have an audience with the committee — ему нужно дать возможность выступить на заседании комитета

    НБАРС > audience

  • 11
    audience

    [‘ɔːdɪən(t)s]

    сущ.

    1) публика; зрители

    enthusiastic / responsive audience — активная аудитория

    cold / passive / unresponsive audience — пассивная публика

    to attract / draw an audience — привлечь внимание публики

    to electrify / grip / move / stir / sway an audience — раскалить, разогреть, раскачать публику

    These teachers easily found attentive audience. — Эти преподаватели быстро нашли благодарных слушателей.

    Syn:

    2) радиослушатели; телезрители

    The audience for broadcast entertainment has already far outstripped in size any other audience in the world. — Аудитория слушателей музыкально-развлекательных программ по радио, по превзошла по количеству все другие виды аудиторий в мире.

    Англо-русский современный словарь > audience

  • 12
    audience

    Англо-русский синонимический словарь > audience

  • 13
    audience

    English-Russian electronics dictionary > audience

  • 14
    audience

    The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > audience

  • 15
    audience

    SPECTATORS, AUDIENCE

    Существительные spectators и audience употребляются, когда речь идет о лицах, находящихся на спектакле, концерте и т. д., причем spectators имеет в виду прежде всего зрительное восприятие, a audience – слуховое. Поэтому лица, присутствующие на футбольном матче, на спортивных состязаниях, на выставке, обозначаются словом spectators ‘зрители’; для обозначения лиц, слушающих концерт, оперу, употребляется существительное audience ‘аудитория, слушатели’. В тех случаях, когда присутствующие одновременно являются и слушателями, и зрителями, обычно употребляется audience.

    Difficulties of the English language (lexical reference) English-Russian dictionary > audience

  • 16
    audience

    English-Russian big medical dictionary > audience

  • 17
    audience

    Patent terms dictionary > audience

  • 18
    audience

    English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > audience

  • 19
    audience

    Англо-русский юридический словарь > audience

  • 20
    audience

    The Americanisms. English-Russian dictionary. > audience

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См. также в других словарях:

  • audience — [ odjɑ̃s ] n. f. • 1160 « action d écouter »; lat. audientia, de audire « entendre » 1 ♦ Vx ou littér. Action de bien vouloir écouter qqn. ⇒ attention. « Je vous demande un moment d audience » (Molière). Par ext. Intérêt porté à qqch. par le… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • audience — AUDIENCE. s. fém. Attention qne l on donne à celui qui parle. Parlez, vous aurez audience. Prêtez moi audience. Donnez moi un moment d audience. Une audience favorable. En ce sens, il se dit plus particulièrement en parlant des Princes, des… …   Dictionnaire de l’Académie Française 1798

  • audience — AUDIENCE. s. f. Attention que l on donne à celuy qui parle. Parlez, vous aurez audience. prestez moy audience. une audience favorable. cela merite vostre audience, est digne de vostre audience. Il se dit plus particulierement en parlant des… …   Dictionnaire de l’Académie française

  • audience — au‧di‧ence [ˈɔːdiəns ǁ ˈɒː , ˈɑː ] noun [countable] the number or kind of people who watch or listen to something that is broadcast on radio or television, or listen to a particular type of music: • The ad was broadcast on all major channels,… …   Financial and business terms

  • audience — Audience, Audientia. Donner audience, Fauere linguis. B. Donner audience à aucun, Le laisser parler, Orationem alicui dare, Inducere causam, vel cognitionem. B. ex Plinio iuniore. Donner audience, Prester l oreille, Dare aures suas alicui. Donner …   Thresor de la langue françoyse

  • Audience — Au di*ence, n. [F. audience, L. audientia, fr. audire to hear. See {Audible}, a.] 1. The act of hearing; attention to sounds. [1913 Webster] Thou, therefore, give due audience, and attend. Milton. [1913 Webster] 2. Admittance to a hearing; a… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • audience — Au di*ence, n. [F. audience, L. audientia, fr. audire to hear. See {Audible}, a.] 1. The act of hearing; attention to sounds. [1913 Webster] Thou, therefore, give due audience, and attend. Milton. [1913 Webster] 2. Admittance to a hearing; a… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • audience — late 14c., the action of hearing, from O.Fr. audience, from L. audentia a hearing, listening, from audientum (nom. audiens), prp. of audire to hear, from PIE compound *au dh to perceive physically, grasp, from root *au to perceive (Cf. Gk.… …   Etymology dictionary

  • audience — [n1] group observing an entertainment or sporting event admirers, assemblage, assembly, congregation, crowd, devotees, fans, following, gallery, gathering, hearers, house, listeners, market, moviegoers, onlookers, patrons, playgoers, public,… …   New thesaurus

  • audience — index assemblage, bystander, collection (assembly), confrontation (act of setting face to face), congregation, interview, session …   Law dictionary

  • audience — / ɔ:djəns/, it. / ɔdjens/ s. ingl. [dal lat. audientia ], usato in ital. al femm., invar. (massm.) 1. [insieme di chi assiste a una trasmissione radiotelevisiva] ▶◀ ascoltatori, pubblico, (non com.) udienza. 2. (estens.) [dato percentuale… …   Enciclopedia Italiana

Источник

Meaning Audience

What does Audience mean? Here you find 35 meanings of the word Audience. You can also add a definition of Audience yourself

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The group of consumers for whom the media text was constructed as well as anyone else who is exposed to the text.

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Audience

late 14c., «the action of hearing,» from Old French audience, from Latin audentia «a hearing, listening,» from audientum (nominative audiens), present participle of audire «to [..]

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Audience

The number and/or characteristics of the persons or households who are exposed to a particular type of advertising media or media vehicle.

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Audience

A group of individuals attending to a common media. They receive communication from the same source, but are not active participants and do not communicate with each other. [DP] Collection of individu [..]

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Audience

observers or listeners of an event or production.

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Audience

Persons who receive an advertisement; individuals who read a newspaper or magazine, listen to a radio broadcast, view a television broadcast, and so on.

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Audience

The person(s) reading a text, listening to a speaker, or observing a performance.

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Audience

a gathering of spectators or listeners at a (usually public) performance; "the audience applauded"; "someone in the audience began to cough" the par [..]

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Audience

The intended group the text is written for or presented to.

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Audience

a group of people listening to or watching something like a play or a concert

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Audience

The intended group of readers, listeners or viewers that the writer, designer, filmmaker or speaker is addressing.

12

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Audience

the people being communicated to

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Audience

refers to spectators, viewers, participants — those who serve as a measure of a film’s success; although usually audiences are viewed in universal terms, they can also be segmented or categorized [..]

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Audience

n. 1. a body of onlookers that observes some performance, event, or activity — may be real or perceived. Unlike street crowds, audiences are usually restrained in manner. other individuals usually joi [..]

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Audience

A term associated with a pink cream sauce, colored with paprika or that have tomato puree or concasse added to it.

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Audience

A group of spectators, listeners, viewers, or readers of a performance, program, or work. Average audience is a number or rating calculated by the Nielsen and other research services, based on specifi [..]

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Audience

Audience literally means the act of hearing. In law, it refers to a hearing before the judges. Right to audience is a term generally used in English law to refer to the right to appear and be heard in [..]

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Audience

(n) a gathering of spectators or listeners at a (usually public) performance(n) the part of the general public interested in a source of information or entertainment(n) an opportunity to state your [..]

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Audience

Dublin Core element to record a class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful. A class of entity may be determined by the creator or the publisher or by a third party. See also &quot [..]

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Audience

The person selected to receive your message (this could be a direct or indirect target)

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Audience

All or a subset of the unique users for a website who viewed, shared, or clicked back from shared pages.

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Audience

 The gross or net number of people/homes exposed to a magazine or advertising message.  

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Audience

 The groups or individuals who consume a media text. People creating media products often think about the experience and knowledge of their intended audience.

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Audience

Any audience reflecting the most desired consumer prospects for a product or service, defined by age, sex, race, ethnicity or income; or their combinations for any geographic definition

25

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Audience

Any audience reflecting the most desired consumer prospects for a product or service, defined by age, sex, race, ethnicity or income; or their combinations for any geographic definition

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Audience

The total number of people who have the opportunity to read an advertising message.

27

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Audience

The total number of people who have the opportunity to read an advertising message.

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Audience

In OBPE, the audience for a program includes everyone who has the identified need and who might benefit from the identified solution. It is sometimes called the “target” audience, but is usually d [..]

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Audience

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Audience

n. «audience; opportunity to be heard; hearing, (with open, general) hearing of all present,» s.v. audience OED. KEY: audience@n

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Audience

n 23 audience 22 audyence 1

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Audience

The demographic or target who views your ad or campaign. Marketers can use customer and media intelligence to target specific audiences, differentiated by age, income, geography, (and other demographic information), interests, media usage and buying propensity. Audiences can also be segmented into different categories such as “likely user,” “ [..]

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Audience

Staff, Students

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Audience

(now,_|rare) Hearing; the condition or state of hearing or listening.en|spectators,cmn|??|sc=Hani,(qahal) (1);(qahal-ha’qor’ym) (2);(qhal-ma’aritzym) (3);(mifgash) (4)
* Ido:»hearing», from verb la| [..]

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Audience

The audience is the person or persons on the receiving end of a text. Whenever you read a book, listen to a speaker, or watch a play, you’re part of the audience. Popcorn is optional, but encoura [..]

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Источник

1

a

: a group of listeners or spectators

The concert attracted a large audience.

b

: a reading, viewing, or listening public

The film is intended for a young audience.

2

: a group of ardent admirers or devotees

has developed an enthusiastic audience for his ideas

3

a

: a formal hearing or interview

an audience with the pope

b

: an opportunity of being heard

4

: the act or state of hearing

Give me audience and heed what I say.

Synonyms

Example Sentences



The concert attracted a large audience.



The audience clapped and cheered.



Her audience is made up mostly of young women.

Recent Examples on the Web

Toy Story, too, features a child playing with toys (though it’s not hidden from the audience).


—Town & Country, 7 Apr. 2023




DuVernay presents the inhumanity of the situation without lecturing the audience or patronizing the subjects, instead providing an honest portrait of the fear, hope, and lost time that the Central Park Five experienced as the result of a profoundly broken justice system. Credit: Netflix 3.


—Wesley Stenzel, EW.com, 6 Apr. 2023




The audience wanted the election lie.


—Jim Rutenberg, New York Times, 6 Apr. 2023




But as the audience booed, Mulvaney said that, over time, she’s grown a thicker skin.


—Ct Jones, Rolling Stone, 6 Apr. 2023




As his devoted wife Lucille, Micaela Diamond makes heartbreak musical and, with subtle acting choices, mirrors all the pain the audience is feeling.


—Matthew J. Palm, Orlando Sentinel, 6 Apr. 2023




Tim McGraw made headlines during Tempe’s inaugural Boots in the Park in 2022 by falling off the edge of a catwalk and toppling backward into the audience.


—Kimi Robinson, The Arizona Republic, 6 Apr. 2023




The audience was the smallest for a prime-time national semifinal since 2003 when CBS’ coverage of eventual national champion Syracuse’s 95-84 victory over Texas averaged 12.57 million viewers in a telecast affected by coverage of the Iraq War.


—City News Service, Los Angeles Times, 5 Apr. 2023




There’s an exciting energy to these sequences that brings the audience along as if in a live show and not watching the proceedings on a screen.


—Murtada Elfadl, Variety, 5 Apr. 2023


See More

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word ‘audience.’ Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Etymology

Middle English, «hearing, group of listeners, assembly, council,» borrowed from Anglo-French, «hearing, group of listeners,» borrowed from Latin audientia «act of listening, group of listeners,» noun derivative of audient-, audiens, present participle of audīre «to hear» — more at audible entry 1

First Known Use

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 4

Time Traveler

The first known use of audience was
in the 14th century

Dictionary Entries Near audience

Cite this Entry

“Audience.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/audience. Accessed 13 Apr. 2023.

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Last Updated:
9 Apr 2023
— Updated example sentences

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