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Assume Vs. Presume
Examples
British

This shows grade level based on the word’s complexity.

verb (used with object), as·sumed, as·sum·ing.

to take for granted or without proof: to assume that everyone wants peace.

to take upon oneself; undertake: to assume an obligation.

to take over the duties or responsibilities of: to assume the office of treasurer.

to take on (a particular character, quality, mode of life, etc.); adopt: He assumed the style of an aggressive go-getter.

to take on; be invested or endowed with: The situation assumed a threatening character.

to pretend to have or be; feign: to assume a humble manner.

to appropriate or arrogate; seize; usurp: to assume a right to oneself; to assume control.

to take upon oneself (the debts or obligations of another).

Archaic. to take into relation or association; adopt.

verb (used without object), as·sumed, as·sum·ing.

to take something for granted; presume.

QUIZ

CAN YOU ANSWER THESE COMMON GRAMMAR DEBATES?

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Origin of assume

First recorded in 1400–50; late Middle English (from Anglo-French assumer ), from Latin assūmere “to take to, adopt,” equivalent to as- “toward” + sūmere “to take up”; see as-, consume

synonym study for assume

OTHER WORDS FROM assume

as·sum·er, nouno·ver·as·sume, verb (used with object), o·ver·as·sumed, o·ver·as·sum·ing.pre·as·sume, verb (used with object), pre·as·sumed, pre·as·sum·ing.re·as·sume, verb (used with object), re·as·sumed, re·as·sum·ing.

Words nearby assume

assuaged, Assuan, assuasive, as such, assumable, assume, assumed, assumed bond, assuming, assumpsit, assumption

Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023

ASSUME VS. PRESUME

What’s the difference between assume and presume?

Assume and presume have very similar meanings—they both mean to suppose that something is true without being able to confirm it. Assume, however, usually implies that the conclusion reached by the person doing the assuming is not based on much. Presume, on the other hand, often implies that the conclusion is based on something a bit stronger, such as some evidence or past situations in which the same thing happened.

For example, you might presume that someone will be attending a meeting because they always attend and you have no reason to think they won’t be there. The word assume could also be used in this scenario, but it’s most likely to be used in situations in which there was less of a reason to have come to a certain conclusion. For example, you might assume something about someone you’ve just met based only on how they look (which is never a good idea).

A good way to remember this difference in how the two words are used is that the prefix pre- in presume means “before”—when you presume things, you’re often basing that presumption on something that has happened before. As for assume, well, we’ll just assume you know a good way of remembering how it’s used.

Assume and presume also have a few meanings that don’t overlap. Assume can mean to take on, adopt, or be endowed with something, as in I don’t want to assume any new responsibilities. Presume can mean to undertake or do something without permission or justification, as in I don’t presume to speak for the entire class.

Here are examples of assume and presume used correctly in a sentence.

Example: I assumed you knew what you were doing when you volunteered to bake the cake, but apparently I shouldn’t have.

Example: I presumed, based on your resume, that you knew how to work with this software.

Want to learn more? Read the full breakdown of the difference between assume and presume.

Quiz yourself on assume vs. presume!

Is assume or presume the better choice in the following sentence?

We don’t know anything, so we shouldn’t _____ anything.

Words related to assume

accept, conclude, consider, estimate, expect, guess, infer, presume, speculate, suspect, think, understand, acquire, begin, embrace, take over, take up, adopt, affect, ascertain

How to use assume in a sentence

Bishop Garrison, assuming a newly created role, will directly advise Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin on diversity and inclusion issues.
Covington, who began disparaging Usman months before their fight, assumed a more vitriolic tone than Woodley, provoking several confrontations including one in the Palms Casino Resort buffet line the day after Usman defeated Woodley.
Since you assume your benefits are on hold, and you know nothing about the scammer’s lies and schemes to steal your identity, you’re unaware that your payments are being illegally sent to the scammers.
According to the authors, it’s generally been assumed that whichever creature inflicts the most damage wins the fight.

A parent will always assume that it is their child’s friend who suggested doing the prohibited thing, not their beloved progeny.
When our elected representatives assume their respective offices, they take an oath to “protect and defend the Constitution.”
Nor should we ever assume that weather alone, however extreme, should be fatal to a commercial flight.
Campaigns like opechatesgays.com assume that LGBT people are an interest group with only one interest: their own.
It occurs to me that Mount must assume that Hitchcock has read it—after all, it came from him.
Now that I am free, I have Medicaid and doctors no longer assume I am malingering.
Many adults assume that a child can look at a landscape as they look at it, taking in the whole picturesque effect.
It will be found that as a whole they assume a flat position, and are very easily handled.
He was told that a son must not play in his father’s presence, nor assume free or easy posture before him.
When people argue in this strain, I immediately assume the offensive.
We may fairly assume the presence here of one or two, if not more, assistants, besides a pupil or improver.

British Dictionary definitions for assume

verb (tr)

(may take a clause as object) to take for granted; accept without proof; supposeto assume that someone is sane

to take upon oneself; undertake or take on or over (a position, responsibility, etc)to assume office

to pretend to; feignhe assumed indifference, although the news affected him deeply

to take or put on; adoptthe problem assumed gigantic proportions

to appropriate or usurp (power, control, etc); arrogatethe revolutionaries assumed control of the city

Christianity (of God) to take up (the soul of a believer) into heaven

Derived forms of assume

assumable, adjectiveassumer, noun

Word Origin for assume

C15: from Latin assūmere to take up, from sūmere to take up, from sub- + emere to take

Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
© William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

Источник

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin assūmō (“accept, take”), from ad- (“to, towards, at”) + sūmō (“take up, assume”).

Pronunciation[edit]

(UK, North America) IPA^(key): /əˈsjuːm/
(US, Canada) (yod dropping) IPA^(key): /əˈsuːm/
(yod coalescence) IPA^(key): /əˈʃuːm/
(Nigeria) IPA^(key): /əˈzuːm/
Rhymes: -uːm

Verb[edit]

assume (third-person singular simple present assumes, present participle assuming, simple past and past participle assumed)

To authenticate by means of belief; to surmise; to suppose to be true, especially without proof

We assume that, as her parents were dentists, she knows quite a bit about dentistry.
- 2013 June 14, Jonathan Freedland, “Obama’s once hip brand is now tainted”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, page 18:
  
  Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don’t know and will never meet. Perhaps we assume that our name, address and search preferences will be viewed by some unseen pair of corporate eyes, probably not human, and don’t mind that much.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:assume.
To take on a position, duty or form

Mr. Jones will assume the position of a lifeguard until a proper replacement is found.
- 1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:
  
  Such a scandal as the prosecution of a brother for forgery—with a verdict of guilty—is a most truly horrible, deplorable, fatal thing. It takes the respectability out of a family perhaps at a critical moment, when the family is just assuming the robes of respectability: […] it is a black spot which all the soaps ever advertised could never wash off.
- 1967, Sleigh, Barbara, Jessamy, 1993 edition, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, →ISBN, page 96:
  
  His unruly hair was slicked down with water, and as Jessamy introduced him to Miss Brindle his face assumed a cherubic innocence which would immediately have aroused the suspicions of anyone who knew him.
- 2012 August 5, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “I Love Lisa” (season 4, episode 15; originally aired 02/11/1993)”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):
  
  So while Ralph generally seems to inhabit a different, more glorious and joyful universe than everyone else here his yearning and heartbreak are eminently relateable. Ralph sometimes appears to be a magically demented sprite who has assumed the form of a boy, but he’s never been more poignantly, nakedly, movingly human than he is here.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:assume.
To adopt a feigned quality or manner; to claim without right; to arrogate

He assumed an air of indifference
- c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:
  
  Assume a virtue, if you have it not.
- a. 1809,Beilby Porteus, sermon
  
  ambition assuming the mask of religion.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:assume.
To receive, adopt (a person)
- 1820, Walter Scott, Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:
  
  The sixth was a young knight of lesser renown and lower rank, assumed into that honorable company.
To adopt (an idea or cause)

Synonyms[edit]

See also Thesaurus:suppose

Derived terms[edit]

assume the mantle
assume the position
just assume

[edit]

assuming
assumption
assumptive

Translations[edit]

to suppose to be true

Arabic: اِفْتَرَضَ‎ (iftaraḍa)
Armenian: ենթադրել (hy) (entʿadrel)
Basque: please add this translation if you can
Belarusian: прыпуска́ць impf (prypuskácʹ), прыпусці́ць pf (prypuscícʹ), дапуска́ць impf (dapuskácʹ), дапушча́ць impf (dapuščácʹ), дапусці́ць pf (dapuscícʹ), меркава́ць impf (mjerkavácʹ)
Bulgarian: предпола́гам (bg) impf (predpolágam), предполо́жа pf (predpolóža), допуска́м (bg) impf (dopuskám), допу́сна pf (dopúsna)
Catalan: suposar (ca)
Chinese:

Mandarin: 假定 (zh) (jiǎdìng)
Czech: předpokládat (cs) impf, domnívat se (cs) impf
Danish: antage, formode
Dutch: aannemen (nl), veronderstellen (nl)
Esperanto: supozi (eo)
Faroese: halda (fo)
Finnish: olettaa (fi)
French: supposer (fr), présupposer (fr), présumer (fr)
Galician: supor
Georgian: please add this translation if you can
German: annehmen (de), voraussetzen (de), vermuten (de), unterstellen (de)
Gothic: 𐌰𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ahjan)
Hebrew: לְהָנִיחַ‎
Hungarian: feltételez (hu), feltesz (hu)
Italian: presupporre (it), ritenere (it)
Japanese: 仮定する (ja) (かていする, katei suru)
Khmer: សន្មត (km) (sɑnmɔɔt)
Korean: 가정하다 (ko) (gajeonghada)
Latin: spero (la), adscisco, pono (la), sumo (la), ascisco, adsumo, praesumo, insumo
Macedonian: претпоставува impf (pretpostavuva), претпостави pf (pretpostavi)
Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
Norwegian:

Bokmål: anta (no), formode (no)
Persian: فرض کردن‎ (fa) (farz kardan), حدس زدن‎ (fa) (hads zadan)
Polish: przypuszczać (pl) impf, przypuścić (pl) pf, dopuszczać (pl) impf, dopuścić (pl) pf
Portuguese: supor (pt), pressupor (pt), presumir (pt)
Romanian: presupune (ro), prepune (ro)
Russian: предполага́ть (ru) impf (predpolagátʹ), предположи́ть (ru) pf (predpoložítʹ), допуска́ть (ru) impf (dopuskátʹ), допусти́ть (ru) pf (dopustítʹ)
Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: претпо̀стављати impf, претпо̀ставити pf

Roman: pretpòstavljati (sh) impf, pretpòstaviti (sh) pf
Slovak: predpokladať impf, domnievať sa impf
Slovene: domnevati impf
Spanish: suponer (es), dar por sentado
Swedish: anta (sv)
Thai: please add this translation if you can
Ukrainian: припуска́ти (prypuskáty), припусти́ти pf (prypustýty), допуска́ти impf (dopuskáty), допусти́ти pf (dopustýty)
Urdu: فرض کرنا‎ (farẓ karnā)
Vietnamese: cho rằng (vi)
Zazaki: ferz kerden

take on a position

Bulgarian: пое́мам (bg) impf (poémam), зае́мам (bg) impf (zaémam)
Catalan: assumir (ca)
Chinese:

Mandarin: 擔任／担任 (zh) (dānrèn), 承接 (zh) (chéngjiē)
Czech: zaujmout (cs)
Dutch: innemen (nl), aannemen (nl)
Esperanto: alpreni (eo)
Finnish: ottaa (fi), omaksua (fi)
French: assumer (fr)
Galician: asumir
German: annehmen (de), aufnehmen (de), einnehmen (de), übernehmen (de)
Italian: assumere (it)
Japanese: 負う (ja) (おう, ou), 引き受ける (ja) (ひきうける, hikiukeru)
Maori: whakatupu
Portuguese: assumir (pt)
Russian: занима́ть (ru) impf (zanimátʹ), заня́ть (ru) pf (zanjátʹ)
Spanish: asumir (es)
Ukrainian: займа́ти impf (zajmáty)

adopt an idea

Catalan: adoptar (ca)
Chinese:

Mandarin: 採納／采纳 (zh) (cǎinà), 接受 (zh) (jiēshòu)
Czech: nabrat
Dutch: aannemen (nl)
Esperanto: akcepti (eo), alpreni (eo)
Finnish: omaksua (fi)
French: adopter (fr), prendre (fr)
German: annehmen (de)
Latin: asciscō
Russian: принима́ть (ru) impf (prinimátʹ), приня́ть (ru) pf (prinjátʹ)
Spanish: asumir (es)
Ukrainian: прийма́ти (pryjmáty)

References[edit]

Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “assume”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

Anagrams[edit]

Seamus, amuses

French[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /a.sym/

Verb[edit]

assume

inflection of assumer:
1. first/third-person singular present indicative
2. first-person singular present subjunctive
3. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams[edit]

amuses, amusés, massue, muasse, suâmes, usâmes

Italian[edit]

Verb[edit]

assume

third-person singular present indicative of assumere

Latin[edit]

Verb[edit]

assūme

second-person singular present active imperative of assūmō

Portuguese[edit]

Verb[edit]

assume

inflection of assumir:
1. third-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

Источник

transitive verb

: to pretend to have or be : feign

assumed an air of confidence in spite of her nervousness

: to take as granted or true : suppose

: to take over (the debts of another) as one’s own

: put on, don

Mrs. Fairfax assumed her best black satin gown, her gloves, and her gold watch.—Charlotte Brontë

: to take into partnership, employment, or use

Did you know?

Assume and presume both mean «to take something for granted» or «to take something as true,» but the words differ in the degree of confidence the person assuming or presuming has. Presume is used when someone is making an informed guess based on reasonable evidence. Assume is used when the guess is based on little or no evidence.

Presume functions a little differently in the legal catchphrase «presumed innocent until proven guilty.» That sense of presume is separately defined as «to suppose to be true without proof.» It is based on the fact that legal systems grant a defendant the presumption of innocence, thereby placing the burden of proof on the prosecution.

Synonyms

Choose the Right Synonym for assume

assumed an air of cheerfulness around the patients

affect implies making a false show of possessing, using, or feeling.

affected an interest in art

pretend implies an overt and sustained false appearance.

pretended that nothing had happened

simulate suggests a close imitation of the appearance of something.

cosmetics that simulate a suntan

feign implies more artful invention than pretend, less specific mimicry than simulate.

counterfeit implies achieving the highest degree of verisimilitude of any of these words.

an actor counterfeiting drunkenness

sham implies an obvious falseness that fools only the gullible.

shammed a most unconvincing limp

Example Sentences

I assumed he was coming, so I was surprised when he didn’t show up.

She assumed from his expression that he was confused.

We’ll be arriving around noon. That’s assuming that our flight is on time.

The king assumed the throne when he was very young.

Under certain conditions, the chemical will assume the appearance of ice.

Recent Examples on the Web

As was the case with crime in D.C., most House Democrats tried to hold the liberal line, assuming Biden was with them.

—W. James Antle Iii, Washington Examiner, 7 Apr. 2023

The Dominion lawsuit, filed in 2021, at first seemed to produce little effect at the network, which may well have assumed that this suit, like most defamation cases, would crash on the shoals of Times V. Sullivan.

—Jim Rutenberg, New York Times, 6 Apr. 2023

In early 2023, the University of Florida’s statehouse team broke the story of a new US$300,000 private swimming pool being built at the mansion occupied free of cost by the university president just before Ben Sasse, a former U.S. senator, assumed that role.

—Richard Watts, Fortune, 6 Apr. 2023

This is because people assume the Vatican will be busy during the holiday and thus avoid visiting.

—Kate Franke, Woman’s Day, 6 Apr. 2023

Charles is technically already king, having assumed the throne in September last year following the death of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II.

—Rachel Silva, ELLE Decor, 5 Apr. 2023

Ray, historians have speculated, may have thought Wallace would pardon him for killing King — assuming Wallace won the 1968 presidential election.

—Jeremy Gray | , al, 5 Apr. 2023

Driving his beat-up pickup truck, down-on-his-luck contractor Danny Cho (Steven Yeun) initially assumes his road rage nemesis is a man.

—Fawnia Soo Hoo, refinery29.com, 5 Apr. 2023

The United Nations has reached another grotesque moral milestone as Vladimir Putin’s Russia has assumed the presidency of the Security Council in April.

—The Editorial Board, wsj.com, 3 Apr. 2023

See More

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word ‘assume.’ Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Etymology

Middle English, from Latin assumere, from ad- + sumere to take — more at consume

First Known Use

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 7a

Time Traveler

The first known use of assume was
in the 15th century

Dictionary Entries Near assume

Cite this Entry

“Assume.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/assume. Accessed 13 Apr. 2023.

More from Merriam-Webster on assume

Last Updated:
11 Apr 2023
— Updated example sentences

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Merriam-Webster unabridged

Источник

Other forms: assumed; assuming; assumes

Assume isn’t only used to mean «accept as truth without checking»; it also means «take on the form of.» It might be safer if you don’t assume that the vampire standing in front of you isn’t merely a person assuming that form.

Assume always has the sense of taking on something. It may be the belief in the appearance of truth: Your mother probably assumes you do your homework right after school. It may be another form or identity: Superman assumes the identity of a city reporter. Or, it might be a physical space: If you get nervous while driving, your dad might assume control of the car.

Definitions of assume

verb

take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

“I
assume his train was late”

synonyms:

presume, take for granted
verb

take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect

“She
assumed strange manners”

“The gods
assume human or animal form in these fables”

synonyms:

acquire, adopt, take, take on

see moresee less

types:

re-assume

take on again, as after a time lapse

type of:

change

undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one’s or its original nature
“He
assumes the lotus position”

synonyms:

strike, take, take up

fill, occupy, take

assume, as of positions or roles
verb

take on titles, offices, duties, or responsibilities

“When will the new President
assume office?”

synonyms:

adopt, take on, take over
verb

seize and take control without authority and possibly with force; take as one’s right or possession

“He
assumed to himself the right to fill all positions in the town”

synonyms:

arrogate, seize, take over, usurp
verb

take on as one’s own the expenses or debts of another person
verb

take up someone’s soul into heaven

“This is the day when May was
assumed into heaven”
verb

put clothing on one’s body

“The queen
assumed the stately robes”

synonyms:

don, get into, put on, wear
“She
assumed indifference, even though she was seething with anger”

synonyms:

feign, sham, simulate

DISCLAIMER: These example sentences appear in various news sources and books to reflect the usage of the word ‘assume’.
Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Vocabulary.com or its editors.
Send us feedback

Commonly confused words

assume / presume

Assume and presume both mean to believe something before it happens, but when you assume you’re not really sure. If someone bangs on your door in the middle of the night, you might assume it’s your crazy neighbor. If your neighbor knocks on your door every night at 6:30, at 6:29 you can presume she’s coming over in a minute.

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Источник

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Inflections of ‘assume‘ (v): (⇒ conjugate)

assumes: v 3rd person singular

assuming: v pres p

assumed: v past

assumed: v past p

as•sume /əˈsum/USA pronunciation
v. [~ + object], -sumed, -sum•ing.

to take for granted without proof; suppose:to assume that everyone wants peace.
to take upon oneself:to assume responsibility.
to take over the duties or responsibilities of:to assume the office of treasurer.
to pretend to have or be;
feign:to assume a humble manner.

as•sump•tion /əˈsʌmpʃən/USA pronunciation n. [countable* uncountable]See -sum-.

as•sume
(ə so̅o̅m′),USA pronunciation v.t., -sumed, -sum•ing.

to take for granted or without proof;
suppose;
postulate;
posit:to assume that everyone wants peace.
to take upon oneself;
undertake:to assume an obligation.
to take over the duties or responsibilities of:to assume the office of treasurer.
to take on (a particular character, quality, mode of life, etc.);
adopt:He assumed the style of an aggressive go-getter.
to take on;
be invested or endowed with:The situation assumed a threatening character.
to pretend to have or be;
feign:to assume a humble manner.
to appropriate or arrogate;
seize;
usurp:to assume a right to oneself; to assume control.
to take upon oneself (the debts or obligations of another).
[Archaic.]to take into relation or association;
adopt.

v.i.

to take something for granted;
presume.

Latin assūmere to take to, adopt, equivalent. to as- as— + sūmere to take up; see consume
Anglo-French assumer)
late Middle English (1400–50

as•sum′er, n.

1.See corresponding entry in Unabridged presuppose.
6.See corresponding entry in Unabridged See pretend.

assume /əˈsjuːm/ vb (transitive)

(may take a clause as object) to take for granted; accept without proof; suppose
to take upon oneself; undertake or take on or over (a position, responsibility, etc): to assume office
to pretend to; feign: he assumed indifference, although the news affected him deeply
to take or put on; adopt: the problem assumed gigantic proportions
to appropriate or usurp (power, control, etc); arrogate

Etymology: 15th Century: from Latin assūmere to take up, from sūmere to take up, from sub- + emere to take

asˈsumable adj asˈsumer n

‘assume‘ also found in these entries (note: many are not synonyms or translations):

Источник

Origin of assume

synonym study for assume

OTHER WORDS FROM assume

Words nearby assume

ASSUME VS. PRESUME

What’s the difference between assume and presume?

Quiz yourself on assume vs. presume!

Words related to assume

How to use assume in a sentence

British Dictionary definitions for assume

Derived forms of assume

Word Origin for assume

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

[edit]

Translations[edit]

References[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

French[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Italian[edit]

Verb[edit]

Latin[edit]

Verb[edit]

Portuguese[edit]

Verb[edit]

Did you know?

Synonyms

Example Sentences

Word History

Dictionary Entries Near assume

Cite this Entry

Share

More from Merriam-Webster on assume

assume / presume

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