Art forms of word

искусство, мастерство, художественный, статья, искусственный

существительное ↓

прилагательное ↓

Словосочетания

canons of art — каноны искусства  
classical art — античное искусство  
abstract art — абстрактное искусство  
art exhibit — художественная выставка  
curious exuviae of early art — любопытные остатки предметов древнего искусства  
an affectation of interest in art — притворный интерес к искусству  
high art — высокое искусство  
interior principles of our art — внутренние принципы нашего искусства  
a judge of art — ценитель искусства  
life class in art — занятия рисунком с натуры  

Примеры с переводом

Фразовые глаголы

art up — украшать, делать красивым, приукрашивать, заниматься украшательством

Возможные однокоренные слова

artful  — хитрый, ловкий
artist  — художник, артист, мастер своего дела, эстрадный артист
artless  — бесхитростный, простодушный, простой, безыскусственный, неискусный, неумелый

Формы слова

noun
ед. ч.(singular): art
мн. ч.(plural): arts

Translingual[edit]

Symbol[edit]

art

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-5 language code for artificial languages.

English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• (Europe)
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɑːt/, [ɑːt]
  • (Estuary English) IPA^(key): [ɑːʔ]
  • (Hiberno-English) IPA^(key): [äˑɹt], [-ɻ-], (Ulster) [ɑˑɻt]
  • (Northern England, Wales) IPA^(key): [aːt], [äːt]
• (North America)
  • (General American) IPA^(key): /ɑɹt/, [ɑɹt], [-t̚]
  • (NYC) IPA^(key): [ɒət], (rhotic) [ɒɹt]
  • (Canada) IPA^(key): [ɑ̈ɹt], (Atlantic) [ɐɹt]
• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ɐːt/, [äːt]
• (General South African) IPA^(key): /ɑːt/, [ɑːtʰ], [-tsʰ]
• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)t
• Hyphenation: art

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English art, from Old French art, from Latin artem, accusative of ars (“art”). Partly displaced native Old English cræft, whence Modern English craft.

Noun[edit]

art (countable and uncountable, plural arts)

1. (uncountable) The conscious production or arrangement of sounds, colours, forms, movements, or other elements in a manner that affects the senses and emotions, usually specifically the production of the beautiful in a graphic or plastic medium.

   There is a debate as to whether graffiti is art or vandalism.

   • 1992 May 3, «Comrade Bingo» Jeeves and Wooster, Series 3, Episode 6:

     B.W. Wooster: If you ask me, art is responsible for most of the trouble in the world.
     R. Jeeves: An interesting theory, sir. Would you care to expatiate upon it?
     B.W. Wooster: As a matter of fact, no, Jeeves. The thought just occurred to me, as thoughts do.
     R. Jeeves: Very good, sir.

   • 2005 July, Lynn Freed, Harper’s:

     «I tell her what Donald Hall says: that the problem with workshops is that they trivialize art by minimizing the terror.»

   • 2009, Alexander Brouwer:

     Visual art is a subjective understanding or perception of the viewer as well as a deliberate/conscious arrangement or creation of elements like colours, forms, movements, sounds, objects or other elements that produce a graphic or plastic whole that expresses thoughts, ideas or visions of the artist.

2. (uncountable) The creative and emotional expression of mental imagery, such as visual, auditory, social, etc.
3. (countable) Skillful creative activity, usually with an aesthetic focus.

   She’s mastered the art of programming.

4. (uncountable) The study and the product of these processes.

   He’s at university to study art.

5. (uncountable) Aesthetic value.

   Her photographs are nice, but there’s no art in them.

6. (uncountable) Artwork.

   Sotheby’s regularly auctions art for millions.

   art collection

7. (countable) A field or category of art, such as painting, sculpture, music, ballet, or literature.

   I’m a great supporter of the arts.

8. (countable) A nonscientific branch of learning; one of the liberal arts.

   • 2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

     Economics is a messy discipline: too fluid to be a science, too rigorous to be an art. Perhaps it is fitting that economists’ most-used metric, gross domestic product (GDP), is a tangle too. GDP measures the total value of output in an economic territory. Its apparent simplicity explains why it is scrutinised down to tenths of a percentage point every month.

10. (countable) Skill that is attained by study, practice, or observation.
    • 1796, Matthew Lewis, The Monk, Folio Society 1985, page 217:

      A physician was immediately sent for; but on the first moment of beholding the corpse, he declared that Elvira’s recovery was beyond the power of art.

    • 1855, Harriet Martineau’s translation, The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte Vol. 1, Introduction, Ch. 2, page 21, from Auguste Comte, Cours de philosophie positive (1830–1842)

      The relation of science to art may be summed up in a brief expression: From Science comes Prevision: from Prevision comes Action.

    • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 58:

      The Celebrity, by arts unknown, induced Mrs. Judge Short and two other ladies to call at Mohair on a certain afternoon when Mr. Cooke was trying a trotter on the track. The three returned wondering and charmed with Mrs. Cooke; they were sure she had had no hand in the furnishing of that atrocious house.

11. (uncountable, dated) Contrivance, scheming, manipulation.

    • 1817 December​, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “The Revolt of Islam. […]”, in [Mary] Shelley, editor, The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. […], volume I, London: Edward Moxon […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 222:

      it was not art,
      Of wisdom and of justice when he spoke—
      When ’mid soft looks of pity, there would dart
      A glance as keen as is the lightning’s stroke
      When it doth rive the knots of some ancestral oak.

    • 1847 December, Ellis Bell [pseudonym; Emily Brontë], chapter VI, in Wuthering Heights, volume I, London: Thomas Cautley Newby, […], →OCLC, page 112:

      […] and Mrs. Earnshaw undertook to keep her sister-in-law in due restraint, when she returned home employing art, not force—with force she would have found it impossible.

Synonyms[edit]

• (Human effort): craft

Antonyms[edit]

• (Human effort): mundacity, nature, subsistence

Hyponyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Pages starting with “art”.

Descendants[edit]

• Jamaican Creole: aat
• Tok Pisin: at
• → Japanese: アート (āto)

Translations[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle English art, from Old English eart (“(thou) art”), second-person singular present indicative of wesan, from Proto-Germanic *art (“(thou) art», originally, «(thou) becamest”), second-person singular preterite indicative form of *iraną (“to rise, be quick, become active”), from Proto-Indo-European *er-, *or(w)- (“to lift, rise, set in motion”).

Cognate with Faroese ert (“art”), Icelandic ert (“art”), Old English earon (“are”), from the same preterite-present Germanic verb. More at are.

Verb[edit]

art

1. (archaic) second-person singular simple present form of be

   How great thou art!

See also[edit]

References[edit]

• art at OneLook Dictionary Search
• «art» in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 40.
• art in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• “art”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• Hickey, Raymond (1984), “Coronal Segments in Irish English”, in Journal of Linguistics, volume 20, issue 2, →DOI, pages 233–250

Further reading[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

• ‘rat, ATR, RAT, RTA, Rat, TAR, Tar, rat, tar, tra

Albanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Learned borrowing from Latin ars, artem.

Noun[edit]

art m (definite singular arti)

1. art

Declension[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

• zeje

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin ars.

Pronunciation[edit]

• (Balearic, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈaɾt/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /ˈart/
• Rhymes: -aɾt

Noun[edit]

art m or f (plural arts)

1. art (something pleasing to the mind)

Derived terms[edit]

[edit]

Noun[edit]

art m (plural arts)

1. fishing net

Derived terms[edit]

• artet

[edit]

• bou
• xarxa

Further reading[edit]

• “art” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “art”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
• “art” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “art” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cornish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin ars (“art”).

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): [ɒɹt]

Noun[edit]

art m (plural artys)

1. art

Crimean Tatar[edit]

Noun[edit]

art

1. back

   Synonyms: arqa, sırt

Danish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Low German art, from Old Saxon *ard, from Proto-Germanic *ardiz, cognate with German Art.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): [ˈɑˀd̥]
• Homophone: ard

Noun[edit]

art c (singular definite arten, plural indefinite arter)

1. kind
2. nature
3. species

Inflection[edit]

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin artem, accusative singular of ars.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /aʁ/

Noun[edit]

art m (plural arts)

1. art (something pleasing to the mind)

Derived terms[edit]

[edit]

• artifice
• artificiel
• artisan
• artiste

Descendants[edit]

• Haitian Creole: la (< l’art)

Further reading[edit]

• “art”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams[edit]

• rat

Irish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Irish art, explained in glossaries as “stone”.

Noun[edit]

art m (genitive singular airt, nominative plural airt)

1. stone

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

• chomh marbh le hart (“stone dead”)

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
art	n-art	hart	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading[edit]

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “art”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “art”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Latvian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Baltic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to plow”), from *h₁er- (“sparse; to crumble, to fall to pieces”), whence also the verb irt; see there for more.

Cognates include Lithuanian árti, Old Prussian artoys (“plowman”) (compare Lithuanian artójas), Old Church Slavonic орати (orati), Russian dialectal or dated ора́ть (orátʹ), Belarusian ара́ць (arácʹ), Ukrainian ора́ти (oráty), Bulgarian ора́ (orá), Czech orati, Polish orać, Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (arjan), Old Norse erja, Hittite [Term?] (/ẖarra-/, “to crush; (passive form) to disappear”), [Term?] (/ẖarš-/, “to tear open; to plow”), Ancient Greek ἀρόω (aróō), Latin arō.^[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): [âɾt]

Verb[edit]

art (tr., 1st conj., pres. aru, ar, ar, past aru)

1. to plow (to prepare (land) for sowing by using a plow)

   art zemi ― to plow the land, earth

   art tīrumu, lauku ― to plow a field

   art dārzu ― to plow a garden

   art kūdraino augsni ― to plow the peaty soil

   art ar traktoru ― to plow with a tractor

   papuvi ara divi traktori ― two tractors plowed the fallow (land)

   iziet art agri no rīta ― to go plowing early in the morning

   rudenī, rugāju arot, sekoju Jurim pa vagu un sarunājos ― in autumn, while (he was) plowing the stubble field, I followed Juris along the furrows and talked

Conjugation[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

[edit]

References[edit]

Maltese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

• ard (obsolete)

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic أَرْض (ʾarḍ).

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /art/
• IPA^(key): /aːrt/ (variant, as if spelt *għart)

Noun[edit]

art f (plural artijiet or (obsolete) iradi)

1. earth (our planet)

   Synonym: dinja

2. land, ground, soil
3. homeland

   art twelidi ― my homeland

   bla art ― without a homeland

Inflection[edit]

Inflected forms
Personal-pronoun- including forms	singular	plural
m	f
1st person	arti	artna
2nd person	artek	artkom
3rd person	artu	artha	arthom

Derived terms[edit]

Middle English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old English eart, second person singular of wesan (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *art,
second person singular of *iraną.

Alternative forms[edit]

• eart, ert

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /art/

Verb[edit]

art

2. second-person singular present indicative of been

Usage notes[edit]

This form is more common than bist for the second-person singular.

Descendants[edit]

• English: art (archaic, dialectal)
• Yola: yarth, yart

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from Old French art, from Latin artem, accusative form of ars, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥tís.

Alternative forms[edit]

• aart, arte

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /art/

Noun[edit]

art (plural artes or ars)

2. A member of the seven medieval liberal arts (the trivium and quadrivium).
3. The seven medieval liberal arts as a group; the trivium and quadrivium combined.
4. The foundational knowledge and activities of a field or subject (either academic or trade).
5. Applied or practical knowledge; the execution or realisation of knowledge.
6. Guile, craft or an instance of it; the use of deception or sleight-of hand.
7. Competency, skill; one’s aptitude or ability in a given area or at a given task.
8. A set of rules or guidelines for conducting oneself; a code of conduct.
9. (rare) Knowledge, information; the set of things which one has learned about (through formal study).
10. (rare) Rhetoric; skill in oration, argument, speech, or speaking.
11. (rare) Human behaviour or action (as opposed to natural happenings).

Descendants[edit]

• English: art
• Scots: airt

References[edit]

• “art, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 3[edit]

From Old English eard, from Proto-West Germanic *ard, from Proto-Germanic *ardiz (“nature; type”). Doublet of erd (“nature, disposition”).

Noun[edit]

art

2. (Northern) district, locality.

Descendants[edit]

• Scots: airt
• Yola: ete

References[edit]

• “art, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Middle French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old French art.

Noun[edit]

art m (plural ars)

1. art

   • 15th century, Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe), The Travels of Marco Polo, page 15, line 7-8:

     Il y a de toutes choses habondance, et ils vivent de marchandise et d’art.

     There is an abundance of everything and they make a living from merchandise and from art

Descendants[edit]

• French: art
  • Haitian Creole: la (< l’art)

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Noun[edit]

art f or m (definite singular arta or arten, indefinite plural arter, definite plural artene)

1. character, nature, kind
2. (biology) a species

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

• “art” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Anagrams[edit]

• rat, tar

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Noun[edit]

art m or f (definite singular arten or arta, indefinite plural artar or arter, definite plural artane or artene)

1. (biology) a species
2. character, nature, kind

Derived terms[edit]

[edit]

• ard

References[edit]

• “art” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams[edit]

• rat, tar

Occitan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin ars.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

art m (plural arts)

1. art

[edit]

• artista

Old French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin artem, accusative of ars.

Noun[edit]

art m or f (oblique plural arz or artz, nominative singular arz or artz, nominative plural art)

1. art (skill; practice; method)
   • (Can we date this quote?) Walter of Bibbesworth: Le Tretiz, ed. W. Rothwell, ANTS Plain Texts Series 6, 1990. Date of cited text: circa 1250

     ore serroit a saver de l’art a bresser & brasyr

     Now would be the time to know the art of brewing

Descendants[edit]

• Middle French: art
  • French: art
    • Haitian Creole: la (< l’art)
• Norman: art
• Walloon: årt
• → Middle English: art
  • English: art
    • Jamaican Creole: aat
    • Tok Pisin: at
    • → Japanese: アート (āto)
  • Scots: airt

References[edit]

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (art, supplement)
• art on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub
• Etymology and history of “art”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Old Irish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Celtic *artos (“bear”) (compare Cornish arth, Welsh arth), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos (“bear”).

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ar͈t/

Noun[edit]

art m

1. bear

   Synonym: mathgamain

Inflection[edit]

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	art	artL	airtL
Vocative	airt	artL	artuH
Accusative	artN	artL	artuH
Genitive	airtL	art	artN
Dative	artL	artaib	artaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Mutation[edit]

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
art	unchanged	n-art
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Old Norse[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

• argt
• ragt (with metathesis)

Adjective[edit]

art

1. strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of argr

Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Swedish art, from Middle Low German art, from Old Saxon *ard, from Proto-Germanic *ardiz (“character, nature, inborn quality”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

art c

1. species

Declension[edit]

Declension of art
	Singular	Plural
Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	art	arten	arter	arterna
Genitive	arts	artens	arters	arternas

References[edit]

• art in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams[edit]

• tar

Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Ottoman Turkish آرت (art), آرد (ard) from Proto-Turkic *hārt (“back”). Cognate with Turkish arka.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ˈaɾt/

Adjective[edit]

art

1. hind, rear

   art tekerler ― rear wheels

Synonyms[edit]

• arka

Noun[edit]

art (definite accusative ardı, plural artlar)

1. back

   Ardına bakmadan kaçtı.

   He ran away without looking «at his back«.

2. the other side

Declension[edit]

Inflection
Nominative	art
Definite accusative	ardı
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	art	artlar
Definite accusative	ardı	artları
Dative	arda	artlara
Locative	artta	artlarda
Ablative	arttan	artlardan
Genitive	ardın	artların

Synonyms[edit]

• arka

Derived terms[edit]

Примеры из текстов

Literature and art!

Литературу и художественность!

Dostoevsky, Fyodor / Crime and PunishmentДостоевский, Фёдор / Преступление и наказание

Преступление и наказание

Достоевский, Фёдор

© Издательство «Художественная литература», 1970

Crime and Punishment

Dostoevsky, Fyodor

The appropriate procedure for the conduct of a prior art search and communicating the findings thereof shall be determined by the Federal executive authority on intellectual property.

Порядок и условия проведения информационного поиска и предоставления сведений о его результатах устанавливаются федеральным органом исполнительной власти по интеллектуальной собственности.

In this room full of books and periodicals – where they were soon joined by two witty middle-aged men who were also both lovers of art – she could not get Grishin out of her mind.

Придя в теплую, полную книг и журналов комнату Лимонова, куда вскоре пришли еще двое пожилых остроумных, любящих искусство людей, она все время холодеющим сердцем чувствовала Гришина.

Grossman, Vasily / Life and FateГроссман, Василий / Жизнь и судьба

Жизнь и судьба

Гроссман, Василий

© Издательство «Книжная палата», 1988

Life and Fate

Grossman, Vasily

© 1980 by Editions L’Age D’Homme

© 1985 by Collins Harvill

Search for means of promoting culture and art and marking them more democratic by decentralizing them with a view to broad participation by the masses;

поиск средств, способных содействовать развитию культуры и искусства, обеспечить их демократичность с целью широкого участия масс посредством децентрализации руководства данными вопросами;

© Организация Объединенных Наций, 2010 год

—Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, bids me say that thou art free, and that she waits thee in the Alabaster Hall.»

– Гармахис, царица Египта Клеопатра повелела мне сказать тебе, что ты свободен и что она ожидает тебя в Алебастровом Зале.

Haggard, Henry Rider / CleopatraХаггард, Генри Райдер / Клеопатра

Клеопатра

Хаггард, Генри Райдер

© ООО «РИЦ Литература», состав, 2006

© ООО «Торговый дом «Издательство Мир книги», 2006

Cleopatra

Haggard, Henry Rider

© 2010 by Indo-European Publishing

—Bethink thee, if thou dost relapse into thine infidelity, though thou are not so tender as a suckling pig— I would I had one to break my fast upon—thou art not too tough to be roasted!

Смотри у меня, если вздумаешь снова впасть в беззаконие! Хоть ты и не слишком жирен, все-таки тебя можно поджарить.

Scott, Walter / YvanhoeСкотт, Вальтер / Айвенго

Айвенго

Скотт, Вальтер

© Издательство «Художественная литература «, 1962

Known in the art presently is a device for carrying the prototype method into effect, said device comprising an inductor with a coil shaped as a cylinder with a central opening having its axis arranged horizontally.

Известно устройство для осуществления способа — прототипа, которое состоит из индуктора с катушкой в форме цилиндра с центральным отверстием, ось которого расположена горизонтально.

Jody had been in the Peace Corps and worked as an art teacher.

Джоди была в Корпусе мира и преподавала искусство.

Mead, Richelle / Succubus on TopМид, Райчел / Голод суккуба

Голод суккуба

Мид, Райчел

© Е. Р. Волковыский, перевод на русский язык, 2010

© Издание на русском языке, ООО «Издательство»Эксмо», 2010

© 2008 by Richelle Mead

Succubus on Top

Mead, Richelle

In addition, in accordance with known prior art [14], the photosensitive layers themselves may also contain metallic nanoparticles to intensify the field within a p-n transition through excitation of the LPR of nanoparticles.

Кроме того, в соответствии с известным уровнем техники [14] для усиления поля внутри р-n перехода за счет возбуждения ЛПР наночастиц сами фоточувствительные слои могут также содержать металлические наночастицы.

I know I could do more in art,» and I reminded him that a successful painter gains large sums; that a picture of Meissonier`s would sell for many thousand dollars.

На этом поприще я способен достичь гораздо большего! — И я напомнил ему, что известные художники зарабатывают большие деньги, что любая картина Мейсонье стоит много тысяч долларов.

Stevenson, Robert Louis / The wreckerСтивенсон, Роберт Луис / Потерпевшие кораблекрушение

Потерпевшие кораблекрушение

Стивенсон, Роберт Луис

© Издательство «Кыргызстан», 1986

The wrecker

Stevenson, Robert Louis

© 1891 by Robert Louis Stevenson and Lloyd Osbourne

© 1905 by Charles Scribner’s Sons

«Well, thou art welcome,» Pilar said to him.

— Ну что ж, добро пожаловать, — сказала ему Пилар.

Hemingway, Ernest / For Whom The Bell TollsХемингуэй, Эрнест / По ком звонит колокол

По ком звонит колокол

Хемингуэй, Эрнест

© Издательство «Художественная литература», 1984

For Whom The Bell Tolls

Hemingway, Ernest

© 1940, by Ernest Hemingway

From the state of art, the use of dalargin as a means to reduce pathologically elevated levels of blood glucose, which is the primary goal of treatment of diabetes mellitus, remains undisclosed.

Из уровня техники неизвестно использование даларгина в качестве средства снижения патологически повышенных уровней глюкозы крови, что является первой и главной целью при лечении сахарного диабета.

«‘And unto the angel of the church of the Laodiceans write: These things saith the Amen, the faithful and true witness, the beginning of the creation of God; «‘I know thy works, that thou art neither cold nor hot; I would thou wert cold or hot.

— «И Ангелу Лаодикийской церкви напиши: так говорит Аминь, свидетель верный и истинный, начало создания божия: Знаю твои дела; ты ни холоден, ни горяч, о, если б ты был холоден или горяч!

Dostoevsky, Fyodor / The possessedДостоевский, Фёдор / Бесы

Бесы

Достоевский, Фёдор

© Издательство «Художественная литература», 1989

The possessed

Dostoevsky, Fyodor

Heretofore, many methods and apparatuses are known in the art for testing spatial perception skills and thus for detecting fitness to the profession or activity.

Известно много способов и приспособлений для тестирования умения людей ориентироваться в пространстве для определения их пригодности к определенному виду деятельности или профессии.

For it has been to a disproportionate extent under the influence of one nation; and that nation is one whose works in the highest branches of art have seldom borne to be transplanted.

Дело в том, что она получила несоразмерно широкое распространение под влиянием одной страны, причем страны, произведения которой в высших областях искусства редко предназначались для вывоза за границу.

Marshall, Alfred / Principles of EconomicsМаршалл, Альфред / Принципы экономической науки

Принципы экономической науки

Маршалл, Альфред

Principles of Economics

Marshall, Alfred

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Словосочетания

noun

Extra examples

Word forms

noun
singular: art
plural: arts

See Also: arsey arshin arsine arsino arsino group arsis arson arsonist arsphenamine arsy-varsy art Art Deco art deco art director art film art form art glass art historical art house art lining Art Nouveau Recent searches: View All

Go to Preferences page and choose from different actions for taps or mouse clicks. WordReference Random House Learner’s Dictionary of American English © 2023 art1 /ɑrt/USA pronunciation   n.  Fine Art the making of things considered beautiful:[uncountable]Art is her field of activity. Fine Art the objects produced in this way:[uncountable]a great collection of Japanese art. the activity, skill, or subject of study concerned with producing such objects:[uncountable]majored in art in college. Fine Art[countable] a field or category of art: Dance is an art. any field using the skills or techniques of art:[uncountable]industrial art. [uncountable] artwork (def. 2). skill in conducting any human activity:[countable* usually singular]the art of conversation. arts, [plural] a branch of study in a college or university, including history, languages, music, philosophy, or literature, as opposed to scientific subjects. art2 /ɑrt/USA pronunciation   v. Archaic. second person singular present indicative form of the verb be used with «thou,» an old form of «You»:Thou art. -art, suffix. -art is a variant form of -ard. It is found in such words as: braggart. art.,  an abbreviation of: article. WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2023 art1  (ärt),USA pronunciation n.  Fine Artthe quality, production, expression, or realm, according to aesthetic principles, of what is beautiful, appealing, or of more than ordinary significance. Fine Artthe class of objects subject to aesthetic criteria; works of art collectively, as paintings, sculptures, or drawings:a museum of art; an art collection. Fine Arta field, genre, or category of art:Dance is an art. the fine arts collectively, often excluding architecture:art and architecture. any field using the skills or techniques of art:advertising art; industrial art. (in printed matter) illustrative or decorative material:Is there any art with the copy for this story? the principles or methods governing any craft or branch of learning:the art of baking; the art of selling. the craft or trade using these principles or methods. skill in conducting any human activity:a master at the art of conversation. a branch of learning or university study, esp. one of the fine arts or the humanities, as music, philosophy, or literature. arts: (used with a sing. v.) the humanities:a college of arts and sciences. (used with a pl. v.) See liberal arts.  skilled workmanship, execution, or agency, as distinguished from nature. trickery; cunning:glib and devious art. studied action; artificiality in behavior. an artifice or artful device:the innumerable arts and wiles of politics. [Archaic.]science, learning, or scholarship. Latin ars (nominative), artem (accusative) Old French, accusative of ars Middle English 1175–1225 art2  (ärt),USA pronunciation v. [Archaic.] 2nd pers. sing. pres. indic. of be.  bef. 950; Middle English; Old English eart, equivalent. to ear- (see are1) + -t ending of 2nd pers. singular Art  (ärt),USA pronunciation n.  a male given name, form of Arthur.  ART, [Ling.] Linguisticsarticle: often used to represent the class of determiners, including words such as this, that, and some as well as the articles a, an, and the. -art, var. of -ard: braggart. art., pl. arts. for 1. article; articles. artificial. Militaryartillery. artist. Collins Concise English Dictionary © HarperCollins Publishers:: art /ɑːt/ n the creation of works of beauty or other special significance (as modifier): an art movement the exercise of human skill (as distinguished from nature) imaginative skill as applied to representations of the natural world or figments of the imagination the products of man’s creative activities; works of art collectively, esp of the visual arts, sometimes also music, drama, dance, and literature (as modifier): an art gallery any branch of the visual arts, esp painting any field using the techniques of art to display artistic qualities (as modifier): an art film method, facility, or knack: the art of threading a needle, the art of writing letters the system of rules or principles governing a particular human activity: the art of government artfulness; cunning get something down to a fine art ⇒ to become highly proficient at something through practice See also artsEtymology: 13th Century: from Old French, from Latin ars craftsmanship art /ɑːt/ vb archaic (used with the pronoun thou) a singular form of the present tense (indicative mood) of be Etymology: Old English eart, part of bēon to be WordReference Random House Learner’s Dictionary of American English © 2023 -ard or -art, suffix.  -ard or -art is attached to some verbs and nouns to form nouns that refer to persons who regularly do an activity, or who are characterized in a certain way, as indicated by the stem: dullard (= one who is dull); drunkard (= one who is drunk). WordReference Random House Learner’s Dictionary of American English © 2023 be /bi; unstressed bi, bɪ/USA pronunciation   v. and auxiliary verb. Present forms: singular; 1st person form: am, 2nd person form: are, 3rd person form: is. Present plural form: are.  Past forms: singular; 1st person form: was, 2nd person form: were, 3rd person form: was. Past plural form: were.  Present subjunctive form: be. Past subjunctive form: were.  Present participle form: be•ing. Past participle form: been.  v. [usually: not: be + ~-ing] to have (the quality, job, etc., mentioned); used to connect the subject with an adjective, or to another noun or a phrase in order to describe, identify, or say more about the subject: Wilt is tall. I am Barbara. Indira Gandhi was the first woman prime minister of India. to exist or live: Shakespeare’s famous line «To be or not to be» asks if life is worth living. There is a man with five cats on my street (= A man with five cats lives/exists on my street). See definition 10 below. to take place; occur: The wedding was last week. to occupy a place or position: The book is on the table. We will be in Oslo in a few minutes. Where were you? to belong to a group:Whales are mammals. to continue or remain as before: Let things be. (used as a verb to introduce a question or in a command, request, or piece of advice):Is that right? Be quiet! Don’t be so mean. Be careful about what you say. (used after it or there in order to delay talking about the real subject of a sentence, or as a way of introducing something new about the subject):It was she who was late for the class (real subject = «she»). There was a fly in my soup (real subject = «fly»).Note: in sentences with there, the form of be agrees with the real subject that follows:There was a fly in my soup («was» agrees with «fly»); There were flies in my soup («were» agrees with «flies»). See there, it. (used in a short answer where it stands for a longer phrase that has be in the question):Is he coming? Yes, he is (= Yes, he is coming.) Are you the new president of the Chinese club? No, I am not (= No, I am not the new president of the Chinese club). (used in a short question, called a tag question, that comes after a subject and verb to ask for the listener’s agreement):She is not very pretty, is she? You are running pretty hard, aren’t you? auxiliary verb. (used with the -ing form (the present participle) of another, main verb to show continuous activity ): I am waiting. We were talking. (used with to plus the root form (the infinitive) of another verb to express a command, or indicate future action): He is to see me today (= He will see me today). You are not to leave before six (= You must not leave before six). I am to start my new job next week (= I will start my new job next week). (used with the past participle of another verb to form the passive voice, that is, to show the action of the verb has been done to the subject of the sentence): The policeman was shot. Your passports have been sent on. The verb be is special in English, first because it functions as an auxiliary, but also in the way it works as a main verb. It changes forms depending on its subject in the present and past tenses. Like the verbs do and have, the verb be comes first in questions that can be answered with the words «yes» or «no»: Am I sure? Is she crazy? Are you there? Finally, the verb be can have the word not after it (again like do and have): She is not crazy. When be is used as a main verb, it seldom is used in the progressive tenses; we indicate this in this book by the symbol [not: be + ~-ing]. When talking about people’s activity or how they behave, sometimes be as a main verb can take the -ing form of itself: I’m being careful (= I am acting in a careful manner); You’re being so patient (= You are acting in so patient a manner). We do not use be in the -ing form to talk about states of the mind, or of feeling: I am happy now (not: I am being happy now); He is tired now (not: He is being tired now). be-, prefix. be- is attached to words to make verbs with the meaning «to make, become, treat as»: be- + cloud → becloud (= make like a cloud, hard to see); be- + friend → befriend (= treat someone as a friend). be- is also attached to adjectives and verbs ending in -ed to mean «covered all over; completely; all around»:be- + decked → bedecked (= decked or covered all over);be- + jeweled → bejeweled (= covered with jewels). B.E., an abbreviation of: Education, Bachelor of Education. Education, Bachelor of Engineering. WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2023 -ard, a suffix forming nouns that denote persons who regularly engage in an activity, or who are characterized in a certain way, as indicated by the stem; now usually pejorative:coward; drunkard;wizard. Also, -art.  Old French, probably extracted from Frankish compound personal names; compare Old High German Adalhart (French Alard), Bernhart (French Bernard), with 2d element -hart literally, strong, hardy, hard (cognate with Old English -heard in names), often merely as intensifier of quality denoted in 1st element. Middle English WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2023 be  (bē; unstressed bē, bi),USA pronunciation v.  and auxiliary v., pres. sing. 1st pers. am, 2nd are  or (Archaic) art, 3rd is, pres. pl. are*  past sing. 1st pers. was, 2nd were  or (Archaic) wast  or wert, 3rd was, past pl. were;  pres. subj. be;  past subj. sing. 1st pers. were, 2nd were  or (Archaic) wert, 3rd were;  past subj. pl. were;  past part. been;  pres. part. be•ing.  v.i. to exist or live:Shakespeare’s «To be or not to be» is the ultimate question. to take place; happen; occur:The wedding was last week. to occupy a place or position:The book is on the table. to continue or remain as before:Let things be. to belong; attend; befall:May good fortune be with you. (used as a copula to connect the subject with its predicate adjective, or predicate nominative, in order to describe, identify, or amplify the subject):Martha is tall. John is president. This is she. (used as a copula to introduce or form interrogative or imperative sentences):Is that right? Be quiet! Don’t be facetious. auxiliary verb. (used with the present participle of another verb to form the progressive tense):I am waiting. (used with the present participle or infinitive of the principal verb to indicate future action):She is visiting there next week. He is to see me today. (used with the past participle of another verb to form the passive voice):The date was fixed. It must be done. (used in archaic or literary constructions with some intransitive verbs to form the perfect tense):He is come. Agamemnon to the wars is gone. Middle English been, Old English bēon (bēo- (akin to Old Frisian, Old High German bim, German bin, Old Saxon bium, biom (I) am, Old English, Old High German, Old Saxon būan, Old Norse būa reside, Latin fuī (I) have been, Greek phy- grow, become, Old Irish boí (he) was, Sanskrit bhávati (he) becomes, is, Lithuanian búti to be, Old Church Slavonic byti, Persian būd was)) + -n infinitive suffix. See am, is, are1, was, were bef. 900 See me.  Be, [Symbol, Chem.] Chemistryberyllium. be-, a native English prefix formerly used in the formation of verbs:become, besiege, bedaub, befriend. Middle English, Old English, unstressed form of bī by Bé., HydraulicsBaumé. B/E, Businessbill of exchange. Also, b.e.  B.E., Education, Bachelor of Education. Education, Bachelor of Engineering. BusinessBank of England. Businessbill of exchange. EducationBoard of Education. Collins Concise English Dictionary © HarperCollins Publishers:: -ard, -art suffix forming nouns indicating a person who does something, esp to excess, or is characterized by a certain quality: braggart, drunkard, dullard Etymology: via Old French from Germanic -hard (literally: hardy, bold), the final element in many Germanic masculine names, such as Bernhard Bernard, Gerhart Gerard, etc Collins Concise English Dictionary © HarperCollins Publishers:: -art suffix forming nouns a variant of -ard Collins Concise English Dictionary © HarperCollins Publishers:: be /biː; (unstressed) bɪ/ vb ( pres. sing. 1st pers am, 2nd pers are, 3rd pers is, pres. pl are, past sing 1st pers was, 2nd pers were, 3rd pers was, past pl were, pres. part being, past part been)(intransitive) to have presence in the realm of perceived reality; exist; live: I think, therefore I am, not all that is can be understood (used in the perfect or past perfect tenses only) to pay a visit; go: have you been to Spain? to take place; occur: my birthday was last Thursday (copula) used as a linking verb between the subject of a sentence and its noun or adjective complement or complementing phrase. In this case be expresses the relationship of either essential or incidental equivalence or identity (John is a man; John is a musician) or specifies an essential or incidental attribute (honey is sweet; Susan is angry). It is also used with an adverbial complement to indicate a relationship of location in space or time (Bill is at the office; the dance is on Saturday) (takes a present participle) forms the progressive present tense: the man is running (takes a past participle) forms the passive voice of all transitive verbs and (archaically) certain intransitive ones: a good film is being shown on television tonight, I am done (takes an infinitive) expresses intention, expectation, supposition, or obligation: the president is to arrive at 9.30, you are not to leave before I say so Etymology: Old English bēon; related to Old High German bim am, Latin fui I have been, Greek phuein to bring forth, Sanskrit bhavati he is ‘art‘ also found in these entries (note: many are not synonyms or translations):

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