And or not operators in excel

“Those who can imagine anything, can create the impossible.” — Alan Turing

Microsoft Excel is one of the most popular programmes in the Microsoft Office suite. Whether you’re using pivot tables, graphs, or spreadsheets, Excel allows you to work more effectively with data. As well as addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc., you can also use a variety of different functions in Excel.

So how do you use some of these functions and logical operators in Excel?

In this article, we’ll show you how to use some of Excel’s most powerful functions. These functions can help you to use Excel more effectively, use conditional formatting, and get more out of an Excel spreadsheet, workbooks, worksheets, and pivot tables.

Logical Operators in Excel

The functions IF, NOT, AND, and OR aren’t often known by users of Excel even though they can be really useful when creating spreadsheets and tables. They allow you to apply conditions to certain sets of data in the rows and columns of your Excel data.

They can be included in a macro.

“A macro is an action or a set of actions that you can run as many times as you want.”

Put simply, macros are a shortcut that allows you to do several actions within Excel at the touch of a button.

The IF function is one of the main ones. According to Excel:

“The IF function is one of the most popular functions in Excel, and it allows you to make logical comparisons between a value and what you expect.”

This function is generally used at the end of a row of data in a spreadsheet. You can find it in the toolbar. You can use it in a formula that can have two different results, A or B, for example. By adding the term “IF”, you imply that if the condition is met, the result will be A. Otherwise, the result will be B.

The IF function can be used with other functions (OR, AND, NOT). There are sometimes results that don’t correspond to either of your expected outcomes.

This is why you can also use AND, OR, and NOT alongside the IF function.

Once you’ve created your spreadsheet, you can organise it with logical operators. It might be a good idea to create an organisation chart to keep track of your conditions.

This will help you to create your formulae without forgetting brackets, semicolons, etc. The semicolon is essential for separating possible results. Make sure you don’t forget that your operation can be FALSE.

The IF Function in an Excel File

According to Microsoft:

“[A]n IF statement can have two results. The first result is if your comparison is True, the second if your comparison is False.”

An IF function compares a value to another value defined by the user. This gives you a new value that says whether or not the condition has been met.

Check the different IT classes on Superprof.

An IF statement is as follows:

=IF(Condition; Value if true; Value if false)

You can also use logical operators in Excel:

• Equal to (=)
• Different from (<>)
• Greater than (>)
• Greater than or equal to (>=)
• Less than (<)
• Less than or equal to (<=)

The “Value if true” will be shown if the condition outlined in the IF statement is met. Otherwise, the “Value if false” will be displayed.

Unlike what you may think, the values don’t necessarily need to be numerical. If you put text in, the formula will display that text. You can put values or text in the cells:

=IF(A2>10, “For”, “Against”)

=IF(A2>10, A4, 0).

The logic can be used by adding a value like “A” in the first cell (A1) and a condition such as “B” in the second. For example:

=IF(A2>B, “For”, “Against”)

The result will be “For” or “Against” for each cell.

You can also nest IF functions in the event that several conditions must be met. You can nest IF statements within one another.

In this case, the conditions will be met in stages. A formula could look like this:

=IF(B3>90; “A”; IF(B3>80; “B”; IF(B3>70; “C”)))

Each statement is based on the output of the previous. There needs to be a logical hierarchy in place.

Find out more about common keyboard shortcuts for Excel.

IF Functions Used With AND

The AND function can be used in Excel and added to IF statements. Using AND reduces the length of formulae and makes it easier to read.

As we previously explained, if you have several conditions that need to be met, you can nest your statements to get the desired result. This means that one condition is checked before the second comes into play. This structure is endless and focuses on errors.

By using the function AND, you can simplify the nested functions. The function of AND is to ensure that if both conditions are met, the result of the IF statement will be TRUE. If one of the conditions is not met, the result will be FALSE.

Thus, you can create a formula like:

=IF(AND(A1=“TRUE”; A2=“TRUE”; A3=“TRUE”)=TRUE; “EVERYTHING IS TRUE”; “NOT EVERYTHING IS TRUE”)

The negative result indicates that not everything is true but it doesn’t mean that all results are false.

To create formulae in Excel, you can use logical operators such as IF, AND, and also OR. Like the AND function, OR is used with IF to simplify certain statements. It’s a good way to streamline your operations.

The problem with the AND function is that all conditions need to be met to create a positive result. Thanks to the OR function, you can get a positive result as long as one of the conditions is met.

This is the type of formula you could get:

=IF(OR(A1=“TRUE”; A2=“TRUE”; A3=“TRUE”)=TRUE; “AT LEAST ONE CONDITION IS TRUE”; “NO CONDITIONS ARE TRUE”)

With a single condition met, you’re given a positive result. In the case of negative results, it means none of the conditions has been met.

Just like with the AND function, using the OR function allows you to use just two functions rather than several.

AND and OR functions can be used together within an IF statement. This allows you to create all sorts of formulae. Thus you can combine AND (all conditions must be met) and OR (one condition must be met).

Using three functions at the same time allows you to work with three conditions at the same time. In the case that you want one condition to be met and at least one of the other two to be met, you can use an AND function and then an OR function while nesting them within an IF statement.

The NOT Function in Excel

The NOT function allows you to provide a positive result if a condition isn’t met. You’ll still use the IF function to introduce the condition but you’ll use to NOT function to invert the result. This function allows you to get a positive result from an unmet condition.

This will work similarly to the different to (<>) operator.

Thus: =IF(A1<> “British”; “Foreign”, “European”) will give the same results as =IF(NOT(A1= “British”; “Foreign”, “European”).

The NOT function can also be introduced within the IF statement alongside an AND or OR function. While the formulae will become more complicated, they allow you to do powerful logical operations automatically within Microsoft Excel. Open a spreadsheet and play around with this.

Let’s not forget also that the Microsoft software has its own built-in help pages so you may be able to find instructions for what you need to program to do by simply asking it.

If you still need help, consider checking Superprof for private tutors specialising in IT or office skills.

Learning To Use Excel With A Superprof Tutor

Price: varies

Superprof lets you search through a wide database of tutors. All you need to do is enter your postcode and the subject you’re looking for a tutor for, and you’ll be shown all the available tutors in your area, as well as those offering remote tuition.

There are three types of tutorials available on the platform: face-to-face tutorials, online tutorials, and group tutorials and each type has its pros and cons.

Face-to-face tutorials are usually the most expensive but they’re also the most cost-effective since you’ll be the only student in the class and the tutor can focus entirely on you.

Online tutorials tend to cost less since the tutor doesn’t have to worry about their travel costs to and from the student. While these aren’t ideal for subjects that require a hands-on approach, they can be really effective for technical subjects like IT.

Group tutorials are usually the cheapest per hour since the cost of the lesson is shared amongst all of the students in attendance. Of course, this does mean that you’ll get less personal attention from your tutor.

Don’t forget that a lot of the tutors also offer the first hour of tutoring for free. You can use this time to see if you get along with them if their teaching approaches are right for you, and discuss what you want and expect from your private tutorials.

Just search what you want to learn and where you live and you’ll find plenty of tutors offering lessons.

Alternatively, you can opt for classes at an institution near you.

Become An Expert In Excel With Pitman Training

Pitman Training is a long-established training provider that caters for all of your office needs. Beginners can benefit from some introductory or intermediate Excel classes, however, those who use the Microsoft program regularly may prefer to challenge themselves with this advanced-level course for Excel users.

Excel Expert

«About this course

For those who have a basic grounding in Microsoft Excel, this course will provide you with the knowledge and skills to use MS Excel at an advanced level.

To get the most out of this course, you will need to have completed our entry-level Microsoft Excel course or have the equivalent experience of this extremely popular software.

You can also be confident that you’ll possess the top skills being sought by employers.

You’ll also have the powerful Pitman Training name on your CV, as a quality mark of achievement. To continue your training, we’d urge you to look at our other Microsoft Office courses, or our Microsoft Office Plus Diploma.

What is included in this course?

Course content will depend on which version of Microsoft Office you want to study, 2010 or 2013.

Whichever version you study, you’ll become confident in a range of Excel’s more sophisticated features including using AutoFill, creating and working with tables, using/hiding worksheets, custom formats; defining, using and managing named ranges; using conditional formatting and filtering data; recording and running macros; summarising data, database functions and pivot tables; using data across worksheets, switching between workbooks and workbook templates; worksheet, file and cell properties and using Excel’s statistical functions.

Below is the lesson plan for the Excel 2013 courses: —

Lesson One: Using AutoFill, carrying out date calculations, adding a picture as a watermark, creating and working with tables, converting text to columns, removing duplicates, using Flash Fill, consolidating data, using paste special, creating a custom format

Lesson Two: Defining, using and managing named ranges, using named ranges in formulas, inserting, modifying and removing hyperlinks, formatting elements of a column and pie charts, saving a chart as a template, creating combination chart, using functions: ROUND; SUMIF; SUMIF; IF; IFERROR; AND, using the IF function nested with OR

Lesson Three: Using conditional formatting, editing a conditional formatting rule, using the Rules Manager, formatting cells meeting a specific condition, applying more than one conditional formatting rule, sorting data using cell attributes, filtering data using cell attributes, using advanced filter options

Lesson Four: Recording and running macros, editing a macro, running a macro from the Quick Access Toolbar, deleting macros, using data validation, tracing precedent/dependent cells in a worksheet, evaluating formulas, tracing errors.

Lesson Five: Summarising data using subtotals, using database functions, grouping and ungrouping data, creating a pivot table, refreshing pivot table data, filtering information in a pivot table, formatting pivot table data, creating and using a slicer, formatting a slicer, creating and using a timeline, using recommended pivot tables

Lesson Six: Using the VLOOKUP function, inserting an embedded object into a spreadsheet, inserting a linked object into a spreadsheet, using paste special to create a link between programs, linking Excel workbooks, using the scenario manager, setting up data tables

Lesson Seven: Protecting worksheet cells, applying and removing passwords, setting file properties, sharing workbooks, merging workbooks, tracking changes, accepting or rejecting changes, using the Document Inspector, marking a workbook as final

Lesson Eight: Using statistical functions: COUNTA, COUNTBLANK, COUNTIF, using text functions: PROPER, UPPER; LOWER, TRIM, LEFT, MID, RIGHT, CONCATENATE, using financial functions: PV; NPV; RATE, using nested functions»

If you don’t have a Pitman centre near you or you want to study from home, then consider an online course that can offer you a similar qualification.

Brush Up On Your Excel Knowledge With The New Skills Academy

Microsoft Excel Advanced

Course Details

Course Code: UKFEC16MEA
Location: Online
Duration: 10 hours
Cost: £299.00
Qualification: Includes the Following Courses Microsoft Excel Advanced Certificate

Further Details

Course Access: Lifetime
Exams Included: Yes
Compatibility: All major devices and browsers

«What you will learn

Some of the concepts that you will learn in the MS Excel Advance Course include the following:

• VLOOKUP Advanced formula options and manipulations
• Other advanced functions including OR, AND, CHOOSE, INDIRECT, REPLACE, LEN, LEFT, FIND
• Functions including CEILING, CORREL, DATEDIF, DATEVALUE, DAVERAGE and EDATE
• Colouring a column and row with a formula
• Highlighting a cell with a formula
• Functions including ISODD, ISNUMBER, ISTEXT, ISLOGICAL, ISNONTEXT, ISERR and ISBLANK
• Functions including DGET, DMAX, DPRODUCT, DCOUNTA, DCOUNT and DSUM
• How to calculate depreciation in Excel, including SLN depreciation and SYD depreciation
• Calculating loan IPMT and EMI
• Functions including DATEDIF, DATEVALUE, EDATE, EOMONTH, MATCH and INDEX
• Full explanation of the INDEX and MATCH functions, covering several modules
• Looking up data
• Selecting only cells containing comments
• Hiding formulas
• Automatically inserting serial numbers»

Sourcing Textbooks To Help You Advance With Microsoft Excel

If you feel that you have exhausted every avenue when it comes to using the web or playing around with your application, then don’t forget that there are other ways to learn about tech other than sitting at your computer or laptop. Although it may seem a bit «last century», you can still walk into a book shop and find a range of educational books that might help you to improve and progress your technical skills!

Going back to what some might say are «old-fashioned» books might in some way enhance your learning experience. There’s something very appealing about sitting at a desk with nothing but a book and a notepad in front of you: the book has but one purpose and it can really help you to stay completely focused on the task at hand and to visualise your lesson without the pressure of actually doing it successfully there and then within the program.

Shops like Waterstones stock a wide range of educational books adapted for students on numerous subjects. They usually have dedicated areas within their shop too where you can go and flick through the pages and see if there’s anything that takes your fancy.

Furthermore, you can just as easily order books online to arrive on your doorstep, often the very next day. Amazon, for example, with its Prime service, can allow for books to be purchased online and then be delivered the following day, meaning that you can get straight onto tutoring yourself.

For example, here is just one example of a book for Excel users listed on Amazon as we speak:

«Learn Excel 2016 Essential Skills with The Smart Method: Courseware tutorial for self-instruction to beginner and intermediate level

£14.99 Paperback

Here are some of the reasons that you should choose this book to learn Excel 2016:

• Absolutely anybody can learn Excel using this book. You will repeatedly hear the same criticism of most Excel 2016 books: “you have to already know Excel to understand the book”. This book is different. If you have no previous exposure to Excel 2016, and your only computer skill is using a web browser, you’ll find it really easy to work through the lessons. Everything is concisely described in a way that absolutely any student, of any age or ability, can easily understand.
• It provides the fastest possible way to learn Excel. With single, self-contained lessons, this book caters for any self-learning or teaching period. Many learners have learned Excel by setting aside just a few minutes each day to complete a single lesson. Others have worked through the entire book in a single day.
• It focuses upon skills used in the real world of business. This book makes it easy to master Excel to a standard that will greatly impress most employers because it doesn’t confuse by including skills that are not commonly used by most office workers. Click Amazon’s Look Inside feature to review the vast number of Excel skills you will master. By the end of the book you’ll be able to very quickly create sophisticated worksheets like the one shown on the cover of the book.
• Smart Method® books are #1 best sellers. Every paper printed Smart Method Excel book (and there have been ten of them starting with Excel 2007) has been an Amazon #1 best seller in its category. This provides you with the confidence that you are using a best-of-breed resource to learn Excel.
• Learning success is guaranteed. For over fifteen years, Smart Method courses have been used by large corporations, government departments and the armed forces to train their employees. This book is ideal for teaching or self-learning because it has been constantly refined (during hundreds of classroom courses) by observing which skills students find difficult to understand and then developing simpler and better ways of explaining them.
• It is the book of choice for teachers. As well as catering for those wishing to learn Excel by self-study, Smart Method books have long been the preferred choice for Excel teachers as they are designed to teach Excel and not as reference books. All Smart Method books follow best-practice adult teaching methodology with clearly defined objectives for each learning session and an exercise to confirm skills transfer.
• It provides a route to become a true Excel guru. If you later decide that you’d like to become a true Excel guru we also have an Expert Skills book that will teach you very advanced features (such as OLAP multi-dimensional modeling) that very few real-world Excel users need in their everyday work.»

Finally, although your effort is required to learn something new, your money isn’t necessarily. You don’t have to spend lots of money on books or courses to get ahead with your learning of a new skill, as a range of books can be borrowed from libraries in your nearby towns.

Library card at the ready, and off you go!

A lot of work in Excel involves comparing data in different cells. When you make a comparison between two values, you want to know one of these things:

• Is value A equal to value B (A=B)
• Is A greater than B (A>B)
• Is A less than B (A<B)
• Is A greater than or equal to B (A>=B)
• Is A less than or equal to B (A<=B)
• Is A not equal to B (A<>B)

These are called logical or boolean operators because there can only be two possible answers in any given case — TRUE or FALSE.

Using Logical Operators in your formulas

Excel is very flexible in the way that these logical operators can be used. For example, you can use them to compare two cells, or compare the results of one or more formulas. For example:

• =A1=A2
• =A1=(A2*5)
• =(A1*10)<=(A2/5)

As these examples suggest, you can type these directly into a cell in Excel and have Excel calculate the results of the formula just as it would do with any formula. With these formulas, Excel will always return either TRUE or FALSE as the result in the cell.

A common use of logical operators is found in Excel’s IF function (you can read more about the IF function here). The IF function works like this:

• =IF(logical_test,value_if_TRUE,value_if_FALSE)

In essence, the IF function carries out a logical test (the three examples above are all logical tests) and then return the appropriate result depending on whether the result of the test is true or false. For example:

• =IF(A1>A2,»Greater than»,»Less than»)
• =IF(A1>A2,A1*10%,A1*5%)

However, you don’t always need to use an IF formula. Here’s a version of this formula that uses a logical operator, and also demonstrates another useful feature of logical operators in general:

• =(A1>A2)*(A1*10*)+(A1<=A2)*(A1*5%)

It looks confusing, but in fact it is very logical (excuse the pun). However, it helps to know that in Excel, TRUE is the same as 1, and FALSE is the same as 0.

So, in this example:

• If A1>A2 is TRUE, then the formula will multiple (A1*10%) by 1.
• Because A1>A2 is TRUE then A1<=A2 is false, so it will then multiply (A1*5%) by 0.
• It will then add the results together: (A1*10%)*1 + (A1*5%)*0.
• The final result is whatever (A1*10%) equals in the specific example.

Obviously, if A1 is less than A2, then the reverse of this would occur.

Using Multiple Logical Operators

In some cases, you may want to perform more than one comparison as part of your formula. For example:

• (Today is Wednesday) and (Sky is Blue)
• (Today is Wednesday) or (Sky is Blue)
• (Today is Wednesday and (Sky is NOT Blue)
• (Today is Wednesday) or (Sky is NOT Blue)

In Excel, you can use one of three logical functions to construct these formulas:

• AND
• OR
• NOT

The AND function works by performing multiple comparison tests and then returning TRUE if all of the tests were true, and FALSE if one or more of the tests were false. Here are a couple of examples:

• =AND(A1>A2,A1<A3) (if A1 is greater than A2 AND less than A3, then return TRUE otherwise return FALSE)
• IF(AND(A2>A2,A1<A3),»Both are true»,»At least one is false») (this IF function will return one of the two values depending on whether the AND function returns TRUE or FALSE).

The OR function works in a very similar way to the AND function. However, whereas AND requires that all tests return true, the OR function will return TRUE if only one of the tests return true. For example:

• =OR(A1>A2,A1<A3) (if either A1>A2 OR A1>A3 is true, then return TRUE. If neither are true, return FALSE).
• =IF(OR(A1>A2,A1<A3),»One or both are true»,»Neither are true»)

It is important to note that the AND and the IF functions can both incorporate up to 255 logical tests (my examples here have only used 2). Regardless of the number of tests you include, the same rules apply as they did in my simple examples.

It is also worth noting that you can combine the AND and OR functions in a single formula. For example:

• =AND(OR(A1>A2,A1<A3),A1>A4)

In this example, the AND function will only return TRUE if either (A1>A2 OR A1<A3) AND A1>A4

The final logical function you can use is the NOT function. The NOT function is somewhat self-explanatory — it takes any logical test result and does the opposite. For example:

• =(Sky is Blue) — will return TRUE if the sky is blue, and FALSE if the sky is not blue.
• =NOT(Sky is Blue) will return FALSE if the sky is blue, and TRUE if the sky is not blue.

Note that this example doesn’t care what other colors the sky might be!

Of course, you can use the NOT function with the AND, OR and IF functions:

• =NOT(AND(A1>A2,A1<A3)) — if A1>A2 AND A1<A3, then return FALSE
• =AND(NOT(A1>A2),A1<A3) — if A1 is NOT >A2 AND A1<A3 then return TRUE.

Note that writing NOT(A1>A2) is another way of writing (A1<=A2). In this simple example, using a NOT function didn’t add much value, but in some cases the NOT function can be very handy.

In summary, a lot of what you do in Excel, particularly once you start using IF functions, involves using logical operators. The logical functions, AND, OR and NOT are a great way to extend your use of logical operators to perform more complex calculations.

Как использовать функцию IF

Функция IF — это основная логическая функция в Excel, и поэтому она должна быть понятна первой. Он появится много раз на протяжении всей этой статьи.

Давайте посмотрим на структуру функции IF, а затем посмотрим несколько примеров ее использования.

Функция IF принимает 3 бита информации:

  = IF (логический_тест, [value_if_true], [value_if_false]) 

• логический_тест: это условие для функции для проверки.
• value_if_true: действие, которое выполняется, если условие выполнено или является истинным.
• value_if_false: действие, которое нужно выполнить, если условие не выполнено или имеет значение false.

Операторы сравнения для использования с логическими функциями

При выполнении логического теста со значениями ячеек вы должны быть знакомы с операторами сравнения. Вы можете увидеть их в таблице ниже.

Теперь давайте посмотрим на некоторые примеры в действии.

Пример функции IF 1: текстовые значения

В этом примере мы хотим проверить, равна ли ячейка определенной фразе. Функция IF не учитывает регистр, поэтому не учитывает прописные и строчные буквы.

Следующая формула используется в столбце C для отображения «Нет», если столбец B содержит текст «Завершено» и «Да», если он содержит что-либо еще.

  = ЕСЛИ (B2 = "Завершено", "Нет", "Да") 

Хотя функция IF не чувствительна к регистру, текст должен точно соответствовать.

Пример функции IF 2: Числовые значения

Функция IF также отлично подходит для сравнения числовых значений.

В приведенной ниже формуле мы проверяем, содержит ли ячейка B2 число, большее или равное 75. Если это так, то мы отображаем слово «Pass», а если не слово «Fail».

  = ЕСЛИ (В2> = 75, "Проход", "Сбой") 

Функция IF — это намного больше, чем просто отображение разного текста в результате теста. Мы также можем использовать его для запуска различных расчетов.

В этом примере мы хотим предоставить скидку 10%, если клиент тратит определенную сумму денег. Мы будем использовать £ 3000 в качестве примера.

  = ЕСЛИ (В2> = 3000, В2 * 90%, В2) 

Часть формулы B2 * 90% позволяет вычесть 10% из значения в ячейке B2. Есть много способов сделать это.

Важно то, что вы можете использовать любую формулу в разделах value_if_true или value_if_false . И запускать различные формулы, зависящие от значений других ячеек, — очень мощный навык.

Пример функции IF 3: значения даты

В этом третьем примере мы используем функцию IF для отслеживания списка сроков исполнения. Мы хотим отобразить слово «Просрочено», если дата в столбце B уже в прошлом. Но если дата наступит в будущем, рассчитайте количество дней до даты исполнения.

Приведенная ниже формула используется в столбце C. Мы проверяем, меньше ли срок оплаты в ячейке B2, чем сегодняшний день (функция TODAY возвращает сегодняшнюю дату с часов компьютера).

  = ЕСЛИ (В2 <СЕГОДНЯ (), "Просроченные", В2-СЕГОДНЯ ()) 

Что такое вложенные формулы IF?

Возможно, вы слышали о термине «вложенные IF» раньше. Это означает, что мы можем написать функцию IF внутри другой функции IF. Мы можем захотеть сделать это, если нам нужно выполнить более двух действий.

Одна функция IF способна выполнять два действия ( value_if_true и value_if_false ). Но если мы вставим (или вложим) другую функцию IF в раздел value_if_false , то мы можем выполнить другое действие.

Возьмите этот пример, где мы хотим отобразить слово «Отлично», если значение в ячейке B2 больше или равно 90, отобразить «Хорошо», если значение больше или равно 75, и отобразить «Плохо», если что-либо еще ,

  = ЕСЛИ (В2> = 90, "Отлично", ЕСЛИ (В2> = 75, "Хорошо", "Плохо")) 

Теперь мы расширили нашу формулу за пределы того, что может сделать только одна функция IF. И вы можете вложить больше функций IF, если это необходимо.

Обратите внимание на две закрывающие скобки в конце формулы — по одной для каждой функции IF.

Существуют альтернативные формулы, которые могут быть чище, чем этот вложенный подход IF. Одной из очень полезных альтернатив является функция SWITCH в Excel .

Логические функции AND и OR

Функции AND и OR используются, когда вы хотите выполнить более одного сравнения в своей формуле. Одна только функция IF может обрабатывать только одно условие или сравнение.

Возьмите пример, где мы дисконтируем значение на 10% в зависимости от суммы, которую тратит клиент, и сколько лет они были клиентом.

Сами функции AND и OR возвращают значение TRUE или FALSE.

Функция AND возвращает TRUE, только если выполняется каждое условие, а в противном случае возвращает FALSE. Функция OR возвращает TRUE, если выполняется одно или все условия, и возвращает FALSE, только если условия не выполняются.

Эти функции могут тестировать до 255 условий, поэтому они не ограничены только двумя условиями, как показано здесь.

Ниже приведена структура функций И ​​и ИЛИ. Они написаны одинаково. Просто замените имя И на ИЛИ. Это просто их логика, которая отличается.

  = И (логический1, [логический2] ...) 

Давайте посмотрим на пример того, как они оба оценивают два условия.

Пример функции AND

Функция AND используется ниже, чтобы проверить, потратил ли клиент не менее 3000 фунтов стерлингов и был ли он клиентом не менее трех лет.

  = И (В2> = 3000, С2> = 3) 

Вы можете видеть, что он возвращает FALSE для Мэтта и Терри, потому что, хотя они оба соответствуют одному из критериев, они должны соответствовать обеим функциям AND.

Пример функции OR

Функция ИЛИ используется ниже, чтобы проверить, потратил ли клиент не менее 3000 фунтов стерлингов или был клиентом не менее трех лет.

  = ИЛИ (В2> = 3000, С2> = 3) 

В этом примере формула возвращает TRUE для Matt и Terry. Только Джули и Джиллиан не выполняют оба условия и возвращают значение FALSE.

Использование AND и OR с функцией IF

Поскольку функции И и ИЛИ возвращают значение ИСТИНА или ЛОЖЬ, когда используются по отдельности, они редко используются сами по себе.

Вместо этого вы обычно будете использовать их с функцией IF или внутри функции Excel, такой как условное форматирование или проверка данных, чтобы выполнить какое-либо ретроспективное действие, если формула имеет значение TRUE.

В приведенной ниже формуле функция AND вложена в логический тест функции IF. Если функция AND возвращает TRUE, тогда скидка 10% от суммы в столбце B; в противном случае скидка не предоставляется, а значение в столбце B повторяется в столбце D.

  = ЕСЛИ (И (В2> = 3000, С2> = 3), В2 * 90%, В2) 

Функция XOR

В дополнение к функции ИЛИ, есть также эксклюзивная функция ИЛИ. Это называется функцией XOR. Функция XOR была представлена ​​в версии Excel 2013.

Эта функция может потребовать некоторых усилий, чтобы понять, поэтому практический пример показан.

Структура функции XOR такая же, как у функции OR.

  = XOR (логический1, [логический2] ...) 

При оценке только двух условий функция XOR возвращает:

• ИСТИНА, если любое условие оценивается как ИСТИНА.
• FALSE, если оба условия TRUE или ни одно из условий TRUE.

Это отличается от функции ИЛИ, потому что она вернула бы ИСТИНА, если оба условия были ИСТИНА.

Эта функция становится немного более запутанной, когда добавляется больше условий. Затем функция XOR возвращает:

• TRUE, если нечетное число условий возвращает TRUE.
• ЛОЖЬ, если четное число условий приводит к ИСТИНА, или если все условия ЛОЖЬ.

Давайте посмотрим на простой пример функции XOR.

В этом примере продажи делятся на две половины года. Если продавец продает 3000 и более фунтов стерлингов в обеих половинах, ему назначается Золотой стандарт. Это достигается с помощью функции AND с IF, как ранее в этой статье.

Но если они продают 3000 фунтов или более в любой половине, мы хотим присвоить им Серебряный статус. Если они не продают 3000 и более фунтов стерлингов в обоих случаях, то ничего.

Функция XOR идеально подходит для этой логики. Приведенная ниже формула вводится в столбец E и показывает функцию XOR с IF для отображения «Да» или «Нет», только если выполняется любое из условий.

  = IF (XOR (В2> = 3000, С2> = 3000), "Да", "Нет") 

Функция НЕ

Последняя логическая функция для обсуждения в этой статье — это функция NOT, и мы оставим самую простую последнюю. Хотя иногда поначалу бывает трудно увидеть использование этой функции в реальном мире.

Функция NOT меняет значение своего аргумента. Так что, если логическое значение ИСТИНА, тогда оно возвращает ЛОЖЬ. И если логическое значение ЛОЖЬ, оно вернет ИСТИНА.

Это будет легче объяснить на некоторых примерах.

Структура функции НЕ имеет вид;

  = НЕ (логическое) 

НЕ Функциональный Пример 1

В этом примере представьте, что у нас есть головной офис в Лондоне, а затем много других региональных сайтов. Мы хотим отобразить слово «Да», если на сайте есть что-то, кроме Лондона, и «Нет», если это Лондон.

Функция NOT была вложена в логический тест функции IF ниже, чтобы сторнировать ИСТИННЫЙ результат.

  = ЕСЛИ (НЕ (B2 = "London"), "Да", "Нет") 

Это также может быть достигнуто с помощью логического оператора NOT <>. Ниже приведен пример.

  = ЕСЛИ (В2 <> "Лондон", "Да", "Нет") 

НЕ Функциональный Пример 2

Функция NOT полезна при работе с информационными функциями в Excel. Это группа функций в Excel, которые что-то проверяют и возвращают TRUE, если проверка прошла успешно, и FALSE, если это не так.

Например, функция ISTEXT проверит, содержит ли ячейка текст, и вернет TRUE, если она есть, и FALSE, если нет. Функция NOT полезна, потому что она может отменить результат этих функций.

В приведенном ниже примере мы хотим заплатить продавцу 5% от суммы, которую он продает. Но если они ничего не перепродали, в ячейке есть слово «Нет», и это приведет к ошибке в формуле.

Функция ISTEXT используется для проверки наличия текста. Это возвращает TRUE, если текст есть, поэтому функция NOT переворачивает это на FALSE. И если ИФ выполняет свой расчет.

  = ЕСЛИ (НЕ (ISTEXT (В2)), В2 * 5%, 0) 

Овладение логическими функциями даст вам большое преимущество как пользователю Excel. Очень полезно иметь возможность проверять и сравнивать значения в ячейках и выполнять различные действия на основе этих результатов.

В этой статье рассматриваются лучшие логические функции, используемые сегодня. В последних версиях Excel появилось больше функций, добавленных в эту библиотеку, таких как функция XOR, упомянутая в этой статье. Будьте в курсе этих новых дополнений, вы будете впереди толпы.

There are many ways to add logical decision-making to your Excel spreadsheets. In addition to the standard logical operators in Excel (=, <, >, <>, <=, >=), Excel has compound logical functions which let you evaluate multiple conditions at once. The AND, OR, XOR, and NOT functions in Excel let you evaluate many logical conditions and simply return TRUE or FALSE depending on the function. Because they return TRUE or FALSE, these functions are commonly used with IF functions.