I like assylias’ answer, however I would refactor it as follows:
Sub test()
Dim origNum As String
Dim creditOrDebit As String
origNum = "30062600006"
creditOrDebit = "D"
If creditOrDebit = "D" Then
If origNum = "006260006" Then
MsgBox "OK"
ElseIf origNum = "30062600006" Then
MsgBox "OK"
End If
End If
End Sub
This might save you some CPU cycles since if creditOrDebit
is <> "D"
there is no point in checking the value of origNum
.
Update:
I used the following procedure to test my theory that my procedure is faster:
Public Declare Function timeGetTime Lib "winmm.dll" () As Long
Sub DoTests2()
Dim startTime1 As Long
Dim endTime1 As Long
Dim startTime2 As Long
Dim endTime2 As Long
Dim i As Long
Dim msg As String
Const numberOfLoops As Long = 10000
Const origNum As String = "006260006"
Const creditOrDebit As String = "D"
startTime1 = timeGetTime
For i = 1 To numberOfLoops
If creditOrDebit = "D" Then
If origNum = "006260006" Then
' do something here
Debug.Print "OK"
ElseIf origNum = "30062600006" Then
' do something here
Debug.Print "OK"
End If
End If
Next i
endTime1 = timeGetTime
startTime2 = timeGetTime
For i = 1 To numberOfLoops
If (origNum = "006260006" Or origNum = "30062600006") And _
creditOrDebit = "D" Then
' do something here
Debug.Print "OK"
End If
Next i
endTime2 = timeGetTime
msg = "number of iterations: " & numberOfLoops & vbNewLine
msg = msg & "JP proc: " & Format$((endTime1 - startTime1), "#,###") & _
" ms" & vbNewLine
msg = msg & "assylias proc: " & Format$((endTime2 - startTime2), "#,###") & _
" ms"
MsgBox msg
End Sub
I must have a slow computer because 1,000,000 iterations took nowhere near ~200 ms as with assylias’ test. I had to limit the iterations to 10,000 — hey, I have other things to do
After running the above procedure 10 times, my procedure is faster only 20% of the time. However, when it is slower it is only superficially slower. As assylias pointed out, however, when creditOrDebit
is <>"D"
, my procedure is at least twice as fast. I was able to reasonably test it at 100 million iterations.
And that is why I refactored it — to short-circuit the logic so that origNum
doesn’t need to be evaluated when creditOrDebit <> "D"
.
At this point, the rest depends on the OP’s spreadsheet. If creditOrDebit
is likely to equal D, then use assylias’ procedure, because it will usually run faster. But if creditOrDebit
has a wide range of possible values, and D
is not any more likely to be the target value, my procedure will leverage that to prevent needlessly evaluating the other variable.
IF OR is not a single statement. Rather, these are two logical functions used together in VBA when we have more than one criteria to check. When we use the IF statement, if any criteria meet, we get the TRUE result. OR statement is used between the two criteria of the IF statement.
IF OR Function in VBA
Logical functions are the heart of any criteria-based calculations. The IF function is the most popular logical function, be it a worksheet function or a VBA function because it serves excellently for our needs. But one more logical function, OR in excel, is the most underrated. It is also important to master when it comes to solving complex calculations. This article will take you through the VBA IF OR function in detail. Read the full article to get the function in detail.
Table of contents
- IF OR Function in VBA
- How to Use IF with OR Function in VBA?
- IF OR VBA Function with Loops (Advanced)
- Recommended Articles
How to Use IF with OR Function in VBA?
We will show you a simple example of using the IF OR function in VBA.
You can download this VBA IF OR Excel Template here – VBA IF OR Excel Template
A combination of logical functions is the best pair in Excel. However, combining many logical formulas inside the other logical formula suggests that calculation requires many conditions to test.
Now, look at the syntax of the IF OR function in VBA.
[Test] OR [Test] OR [Test]
It is the same as we saw in the worksheet example. For a better understanding, look at the below example.
We have the previous month’s price, the last 6-month average price, and the current monthly price here.
To decide whether to buy the product, we need to do some tests here, and those tests are.
If the Current Price is less than or equal to any of the other two prices, we should get the result as “Buy” or else should get the result as “Do Not Buy.”
Step 1: Open the IF condition inside the Sub procedure.
Code:
Sub IF_OR_Example1() If End Sub
Step 2: Inside the IF condition, apply the first logical test as Range(“D2”).Value <= Range(“B2”).Value
Code:
Sub IF_OR_Example1() If Range(“D2”).Value <= Range(“B2”).Value End Sub
Step 3: The first logical condition completes. Now, open OR statement.
Code:
Sub IF_OR_Example1() If Range("D2").Value <= Range("B2").Value OR End Sub
Step 4: Now, apply the second logical condition as Range(“D2”).Value <= Range(“C2”).Value
Code:
Sub IF_OR_Example1() If Range("D2").Value <= Range("B2").Value OR Range("D2").Value <= Range("C2").Value End Sub
Step 5: We are done with the logical tests here. After the logical tests, put the word “Then.”
Code:
Sub IF_OR_Example1() If Range("D2").Value <= Range("B2").Value Or Range("D2").Value <= Range("C2").Value Then End Sub
Step 6: In the next line, write what the result should be if the logical testA logical test in Excel results in an analytical output, either true or false. The equals to operator, “=,” is the most commonly used logical test.read more is TRUE. If the condition is TRUE, we need the result as “Buy” in cell E2.
Code:
Sub IF_OR_Example1() If Range("D2").Value <= Range("B2").Value Or Range("D2").Value <= Range("C2").Value Then Range("E2").Value = "Buy" End Sub
Step 7: If the result is FALSE, we should get the result as “Do Not Buy.” So in the next line, put “Else” and write the code in the next line.
Code:
Sub IF_OR_Example1() If Range("D2").Value <= Range("B2").Value Or Range("D2").Value <= Range("C2").Value Then Range("E2").Value = "Buy" Else Range("E2").Value = "Do Not Buy" End Sub
Step 8: Close the IF statement with “End If.”
Code:
Sub IF_OR_Example1() If Range("D2").Value <= Range("B2").Value Or Range("D2").Value <= Range("C2").Value Then Range("E2").Value = "Buy" Else Range("E2").Value = "Do Not Buy" End If End Sub
We complete the coding part.
Let us run this code using F5 or manually through the run option and see the result in cell E2.
We got the result as “Buy” because the current monthly price of Apple is less than the price of both “Previous Month” as well as “6 Month Average Price”.
IF OR VBA Function with Loops (Advanced)
Once you understand the formula, try to use it with a larger number of cells. In the case of a larger number of cells, we cannot write any line of code, so we need to use VBA loopsA VBA loop in excel is an instruction to run a code or repeat an action multiple times.read more.
We have added a few more lines for the above data set.
We need to use the For Next Loop here.
Just keep the current code as it is.
Declare the variable as an Integer.
Now, open For Next Loop from 2 to 9.
Now, wherever we have cell referenceCell reference in excel is referring the other cells to a cell to use its values or properties. For instance, if we have data in cell A2 and want to use that in cell A1, use =A2 in cell A1, and this will copy the A2 value in A1.read more, change the current number, and concatenate the variable “k” with them.
For example, Range (“D2”).Value should be Range (“D” & k).Value
Now, run the code. First, we should get the status in all the cells.
You can copy the code below.
Code:
Sub IF_OR_Example1() Dim k As Integer For k = 2 To 9 If Range("D" & k).Value <= Range("B" & k).Value Or Range("D" & k).Value <= Range("C" & k).Value Then Range("E" & k).Value = "Buy" Else Range("E" & k).Value = "Do Not Buy" End If Next k End Sub
Recommended Articles
This article has been a guide to VBA IF OR. Here, we learn how to use IF Condition with OR function in Excel VBA, examples, and downloadable templates. Below are some useful articles related to VBA: –
- VBA INT
- VBA LEN
- VBA Integer
- VBA MID Function
Return to VBA Code Examples
In this Article
- IF…AND
- IF…OR
- IF NOT…
This article will demonstrate how to use the VBA If statement with And, Or and Not.
When we us an IF statement in Excel VBA, the statement will execute a line of code if the condition you are testing is true.
- We can use AND statement and OR statements in conjunction with IF statements to test for more than one condition and direct the code accordingly.
- We can also use a NOT statement with an IF statement to check if the condition is NOT true – it basically is the inverse of the IF statement when used alone.
IF…AND
We can use the IF…AND combination of logical operators when we wish to test for more than one condition where all the conditions need to be true for the next line of code to execute.
For example, consider the following sheet:
To check if the Profit is over $5,000, we can run the following macro:
Sub CheckProfit()
If Range("C5") >= 10000 And Range("C6") < 5000 Then
MsgBox "$5,000 profit achieved!"
Else
Msgbox "Profit not achieved!"
End If
End Sub
This macro will check that the cell C5 is greater or equal to $10,000 AND check that the cell B6 is less than $5,000. If these conditions are BOTH true, it will show the message box.
If we amend the macro to check if C5 is just greater than $10,000, then the profit would not be achieved!
IF…OR
We can use the IF…OR combination of logical operators when we wish to test for more than one condition where only one of the conditions needs to be true for the next line of code to execute.
The format for this is almost identical to the IF…AND example above.
Sub CheckProfit()
If Range("C5") > 10000 Or Range("C6") < 5000 Then
MsgBox "$5,000 profit achieved!"
Else
Msgbox "Profit not achieved!"
End If
End Sub
However, with this macro, because we are using an IF …OR statement, only one of the conditions needs to be true.
IF NOT…
IF..NOT changes the IF statement around – it will check to see if the condition is NOT true rather than checking to see if the condition is true.
Sub CheckProfit()
If NOT Range("C5")< 10000 Or Range("C6") < 5000 Then
MsgBox "$5,000 profit achieved!"
Else
Msgbox "Profit not achieved!"
End If
End Sub
In this example above, the IF statement is checking to see if the value in C5 is NOT smaller than 10000.
Therefore this line of code:
IF Range("C5") > 10000
and this this line of code:
IF NOT Range("C5") < 10000
are testing for the same thing!
Home / VBA / VBA IF OR (Test Multiple Conditions)
You can use the OR operator with the VBA IF statement to test multiple conditions. When you use it, it allows you to test two or more conditions simultaneously and returns true if any of those conditions are true. But if all the conditions are false only then it returns false in the result.
Use OR with IF
- First, start the IF statement with the “IF” keyword.
- After that, specify the first condition that you want to test.
- Next, use the OR keyword to specify the second condition.
- In the end, specify the second condition that you want to test.
To have a better understanding let’s see an example.
Sub myMacro()
'two conditions to test using OR
If 1 = 1 Or 2 < 1 Then
MsgBox "One of the conditions is true."
Else
MsgBox "None of the conditions are true."
End If
End Sub
If you look at the above example, we have specified two conditions one if (1 = 1) and the second is (2 < 1), and here only the first condition is true, and even though it has executed the line of code that we have specified if the result is true.
Now let’s see if both conditions are false, let me use a different code here.
Sub myMacro()
'two conditions to test using OR
If 1 = 2 Or 2 < 1 Then
MsgBox "One of the conditions is true."
Else
MsgBox "None of the conditions are true."
End If
End Sub
In the above code, both conditions are false, and when you run this code, it executes the line of code that we have specified if the result is false.
In the same way, you can also test more than two conditions at the same time. Let’s continue the above example and add the third condition to it.
Sub myMacro()
'three conditions to test using OR
If 1 = 1 And 2 > 1 And 1 - 1 = 0 Then
MsgBox "one of the conditions is true."
Else
MsgBox "none of the conditions are true."
End If
End Sub
Now we have three conditions to test, and we have used the OR after the second condition to specify the third condition. As you learned above that when you use OR, any of the conditions need to be true to get true in the result. When you run this code, it executes the line of code that we have specified for the true.
And if all the conditions are false, just like you have in the following code, it returns false.
Sub myMacro()
'three conditions to test using OR
If 1 < 1 And 2 < 1 And 1 + 1 = 0 Then
MsgBox "one of the conditions is true."
Else
MsgBox "none of the conditions are true."
End If
End Sub
VBA Logical Operators: AND, OR, NOT
Let’s say you want to process a customer order. For that, you want to first check to see if the ordered product exists or not. If it does, you also want to check if the quantity on hand is enough. Logical operators come in handy in such cases. Logical operators are used to evaluate more than one condition.
The main Excel VBA logical operators AND, OR, NOT are listed in the table below:
S/N | Operator | Description | Example | Output |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | AND | AND: This is used to combine more than one condition. If all the conditions are true, AND evaluates to true. If any of the condition is false, AND evaluates to false | If true = true AND false = true THEN | false |
2 | OR | OR: This is used to combine more than one condition. If any of the conditions evaluate to true, OR returns true. If all of them are false, OR returns false | If true = true OR true = false THEN | true |
3 | NOT | NOT: This one works like an inverse function. If the condition is true, it returns false, and if a condition is false, it returns true. | If NOT (true) Then | false |
VBA Logical Operators Example Source Code
For the sake of simplicity, we will be comparing hard coded numbers.
Add ActiveX buttons to the sheet from the “Insert option.”
Set the properties as shown in the image below
The following table shows the properties that you need to change and the values that you need to update too.
S/N | Control | Property | Value |
---|---|---|---|
1 | CommandButton1 | Name | btnAND |
Caption | AND Operator (0 = 0) | ||
2 | CommandButton2 | Name | btnOR |
Caption | OR Operator (1 = 1) Or (5 = 0) | ||
3 | CommandButton3 | Name | btnNOT |
Caption | NOT Operator Not (0 = ) |
Add the following code to btnAND_Click
Private Sub btnAND_Click() If (1 = 1) And (0 = 0) Then MsgBox "AND evaluated to TRUE", vbOKOnly, "AND operator" Else MsgBox "AND evaluated to FALSE", vbOKOnly, "AND operator" End If End Sub
VBA If AND Operator
- “If (1 = 1) And (0 = 0) Then” the if statement uses the AND logical operator to combine two conditions (1 = 1) And (0 = 0). If both conditions are true, the code above ‘Else’ keyword is executed. If both conditions are not true, the code below ‘Else’ keyword is executed.
Add the following code to btnOR_Click
Private Sub btnOR_Click() If (1 = 1) Or (5 = 0) Then MsgBox "OR evaluated to TRUE", vbOKOnly, "OR operator" Else MsgBox "OR evaluated to FALSE", vbOKOnly, "OR operator" End If End Sub
VBA If OR Operator
- “If (1 = 1) Or (5 = 0) Then” the if statement uses the OR logical operator to combine two conditions (1 = 1) And (5 = 0). If any of the conditions is true, the code above Else keyword is executed. If both conditions are false, the code below Else keyword is executed.
Add the following code to btnNOT_Click
Private Sub btnNOT_Click() If Not (0 = 0) Then MsgBox "NOT evaluated to TRUE", vbOKOnly, "NOT operator" Else MsgBox "NOT evaluated to FALSE", vbOKOnly, "NOT operator" End If End Sub
VBA If NOT Operator
- “If Not (0 = 0) Then” the VBA If Not function uses the NOT logical operator to negate the result of the if statement condition. If the conditions is true, the code below ‘Else’ keyword is executed. If the condition is true, the code above Else keyword is executed.
Download Excel containing above code
Содержание
- VBA Logical Operators: AND, OR, NOT, IF NOT in Excel VBA
- Excel VBA Logical Operators
- VBA Logical Operators Example Source Code
- VBA IF OR (Test Multiple Conditions)
- Use OR with IF
- Multiple Conditions with IF OR
- VBA If – And, Or, Not
- IF…AND
- IF NOT…
- VBA Code Examples Add-in
- VBA IF OR
- IF OR Function in VBA
- How to Use IF with OR Function in VBA?
- IF OR VBA Function with Loops (Advanced)
- Recommended Articles
- VBA If, ElseIf, Else (Ultimate Guide to If Statements)
- VBA If Statement
- If Then
- End If
- ElseIF – Multiple Conditions
- If-Else
- Nested IFs
- VBA Coding Made Easy
- IF – Or, And, Xor, Not
- If Or
- If And
- If Xor
- If Not
- If Comparisons
- Comparing Text
- VBA If Like
- If Loops
- If Else Examples
- Check if Cell is Empty
- Check if Cell Contains Specific Text
- Check if cell contains text
- If Goto
- Delete Row if Cell is Blank
- If MessageBox Yes / No
- VBA If, ElseIf, Else in Access VBA
- VBA Code Examples Add-in
VBA Logical Operators: AND, OR, NOT, IF NOT in Excel VBA
Updated January 20, 2023
Excel VBA Logical Operators
Let’s say you want to process a customer order. For that, you want to first check to see if the ordered product exists or not. If it does, you also want to check if the quantity on hand is enough. Logical operators come in handy in such cases. Logical operators are used to evaluate more than one condition.
The main Excel VBA logical operators AND, OR, NOT are listed in the table below:
S/N | Operator | Description | Example | Output |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | AND | AND: This is used to combine more than one condition. If all the conditions are true, AND evaluates to true. If any of the condition is false, AND evaluates to false | If true = true AND false = true THEN | false |
2 | OR | OR: This is used to combine more than one condition. If any of the conditions evaluate to true, OR returns true. If all of them are false, OR returns false | If true = true OR true = false THEN | true |
3 | NOT | NOT: This one works like an inverse function. If the condition is true, it returns false, and if a condition is false, it returns true. | If NOT (true) Then | false |
VBA Logical Operators Example Source Code
For the sake of simplicity, we will be comparing hard coded numbers.
Add ActiveX buttons to the sheet from the “Insert option.”
Set the properties as shown in the image below
VBA Logical Operators
The following table shows the properties that you need to change and the values that you need to update too.
Источник
VBA IF OR (Test Multiple Conditions)
You can use the OR operator with the VBA IF statement to test multiple conditions. When you use it, it allows you to test two or more conditions simultaneously and returns true if any of those conditions are true. But if all the conditions are false only then it returns false in the result.
Use OR with IF
- First, start the IF statement with the “IF” keyword.
- After that, specify the first condition that you want to test.
- Next, use the OR keyword to specify the second condition.
- In the end, specify the second condition that you want to test.
To have a better understanding let’s see an example.
If you look at the above example, we have specified two conditions one if (1 = 1) and the second is (2
Now let’s see if both conditions are false, let me use a different code here.
In the above code, both conditions are false, and when you run this code, it executes the line of code that we have specified if the result is false.
Multiple Conditions with IF OR
In the same way, you can also test more than two conditions at the same time. Let’s continue the above example and add the third condition to it.
Now we have three conditions to test, and we have used the OR after the second condition to specify the third condition. As you learned above that when you use OR, any of the conditions need to be true to get true in the result. When you run this code, it executes the line of code that we have specified for the true.
And if all the conditions are false, just like you have in the following code, it returns false.
Источник
VBA If – And, Or, Not
In this Article
This article will demonstrate how to use the VBA If statement with And, Or and Not.
When we us an IF statement in Excel VBA, the statement will execute a line of code if the condition you are testing is true.
- We can use AND statement and OR statements in conjunction with IF statements to test for more than one condition and direct the code accordingly.
- We can also use a NOT statement with an IF statement to check if the condition is NOT true – it basically is the inverse of the IF statement when used alone.
IF…AND
We can use the IF…AND combination of logical operators when we wish to test for more than one condition where all the conditions need to be true for the next line of code to execute.
For example, consider the following sheet:
To check if the Profit is over $5,000, we can run the following macro:
This macro will check that the cell C5 is greater or equal to $10,000 AND check that the cell B6 is less than $5,000. If these conditions are BOTH true, it will show the message box.
If we amend the macro to check if C5 is just greater than $10,000, then the profit would not be achieved!
We can use the IF…OR combination of logical operators when we wish to test for more than one condition where only one of the conditions needs to be true for the next line of code to execute.
The format for this is almost identical to the IF…AND example above.
However, with this macro, because we are using an IF …OR statement, only one of the conditions needs to be true.
IF NOT…
IF..NOT changes the IF statement around – it will check to see if the condition is NOT true rather than checking to see if the condition is true.
In this example above, the IF statement is checking to see if the value in C5 is NOT smaller than 10000.
Therefore this line of code:
and this this line of code:
are testing for the same thing!
VBA Code Examples Add-in
Easily access all of the code examples found on our site.
Simply navigate to the menu, click, and the code will be inserted directly into your module. .xlam add-in.
Источник
VBA IF OR
IF OR is not a single statement. Rather, these are two logical functions used together in VBA when we have more than one criteria to check. When we use the IF statement, if any criteria meet, we get the TRUE result. OR statement is used between the two criteria of the IF statement.
IF OR Function in VBA
Logical functions are the heart of any criteria-based calculations. The IF function is the most popular logical function, be it a worksheet function or a VBA function because it serves excellently for our needs. But one more logical function, OR in excel, is the most underrated. It is also important to master when it comes to solving complex calculations. This article will take you through the VBA IF OR function in detail. Read the full article to get the function in detail.
Table of contents
You are free to use this image on your website, templates, etc., Please provide us with an attribution link How to Provide Attribution? Article Link to be Hyperlinked
For eg:
Source: VBA IF OR (wallstreetmojo.com)
How to Use IF with OR Function in VBA?
We will show you a simple example of using the IF OR function in VBA.
A combination of logical functions is the best pair in Excel. However, combining many logical formulas inside the other logical formula suggests that calculation requires many conditions to test.
Now, look at the syntax of the IF OR function in VBA.
It is the same as we saw in the worksheet example. For a better understanding, look at the below example.
We have the previous month’s price, the last 6-month average price, and the current monthly price here.
To decide whether to buy the product, we need to do some tests here, and those tests are.
If the Current Price is less than or equal to any of the other two prices, we should get the result as “Buy” or else should get the result as “Do Not Buy.”
Step 1: Open the IF condition inside the Sub procedure.
Code:
Step 2: Inside the IF condition, apply the first logical test as Range(“D2”).Value
Step 3: The first logical condition completes. Now, open OR statement.
Code:
Step 4: Now, apply the second logical condition as Range(“D2”).Value
Step 5: We are done with the logical tests here. After the logical tests, put the word “Then.”
Code:
Step 6: In the next line, write what the result should be if the logical test Logical Test A logical test in Excel results in an analytical output, either true or false. The equals to operator, “=,” is the most commonly used logical test. read more is TRUE. If the condition is TRUE, we need the result as “Buy” in cell E2.
Code:
Step 7: If the result is FALSE, we should get the result as “Do Not Buy.” So in the next line, put “Else” and write the code in the next line.
Code:
Step 8: Close the IF statement with “End If.”
Code:
We complete the coding part.
Let us run this code using F5 or manually through the run option and see the result in cell E2.
We got the result as “Buy” because the current monthly price of Apple is less than the price of both “Previous Month” as well as “6 Month Average Price”.
IF OR VBA Function with Loops (Advanced)
Once you understand the formula, try to use it with a larger number of cells. In the case of a larger number of cells, we cannot write any line of code, so we need to use VBA loops Use VBA Loops A VBA loop in excel is an instruction to run a code or repeat an action multiple times. read more .
We have added a few more lines for the above data set.
We need to use the For Next Loop here.
Just keep the current code as it is.
Declare the variable as an Integer.
Now, open For Next Loop from 2 to 9.
For example, Range (“D2”).Value should be Range (“D” & k).Value
Now, run the code. First, we should get the status in all the cells.
You can copy the code below.
Code:
Recommended Articles
This article has been a guide to VBA IF OR. Here, we learn how to use IF Condition with OR function in Excel VBA, examples, and downloadable templates. Below are some useful articles related to VBA: –
Источник
VBA If, ElseIf, Else (Ultimate Guide to If Statements)
In this Article
VBA If Statement
If Then
VBA If Statements allow you to test if expressions are TRUE or FALSE, running different code based on the results.
Let’s look at a simple example:
This tests if the value in Range A2 is greater than 0. If so, setting Range B2 equal to “Positive”
Note: When testing conditions we will use the =, >, , = comparison operators. We will discuss them in more detail later in the article.
Here is the syntax for a simple one-line If statement:
To make it easier to read, you can use a Line Continuation character (underscore) to expand the If Statements to two lines (as we did in the above picture):
End If
The above “single-line” if statement works well when you are testing one condition. But as your IF Statements become more complicated with multiple conditions, you will need to add an “End If” to the end of the if statement:
Here the syntax is:
The End If signifies the end of the if statement.
Now let’s add in an ElseIF:
ElseIF – Multiple Conditions
The ElseIf is added to an existing If statement. ElseIf tests if a condition is met ONLY if the previous conditions have not been met.
In the previous example we tested if a cell value is positive. Now we will also test if the cell value is negative with an ElseIf:
You can use multiple ElseIfs to test for multiple conditions:
Now we will add an Else:
The Else will run if no other previous conditions have been met.
We will finish our example by using an Else to indicate that if the cell value is not positive or negative, then it must be zero:
If-Else
The most common type of If statement is a simple If-Else:
Nested IFs
You can also “nest” if statements inside of each other.
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IF – Or, And, Xor, Not
Next we will discuss the logical operators: Or, And, Xor, Not.
If Or
The Or operator tests if at least one condition is met.
The following code will test if the value in Range A2 is less than 5,000 or greater than 10,000:
You can include multiple Ors in one line:
If you are going to use multiple Ors, it’s recommended to use a line continuation character to make your code easier to read:
If And
The And operator allows you to test if ALL conditions are met.
If Xor
The Xor operator allows you to test if exactly one condition is met. If zero conditions are met Xor will return FALSE, If two or more conditions are met, Xor will also return false.
I’ve rarely seen Xor used in VBA programming.
If Not
The Not operator is used to convert FALSE to TRUE or TRUE To FALSE:
Notice that the Not operator requires parenthesis surrounding the expression to switch.
The Not operator can also be applied to If statements:
If Comparisons
When making comparisons, you will usually use one of the comparison operators:
Comparison Operator | Explanation | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
= | Equal to | |||||||||||
<> | Not Equal to | |||||||||||
> | Greater than | |||||||||||
>= | Greater than or Equal to | |||||||||||
If – Boolean Function
When build expressions for If Statements, you can also use any function that generates TRUE or False. VBA has a few of these functions:
They can be called like this: Excel also has many additional functions that can be called using WorksheetFunction. Here’s an example of the Excel IsText Function: You can also create your own User Defined Functions (UDFs). Below we will create a simple Boolean function that returns TRUE. Then we will call that function in our If statement: Comparing TextYou can also compare text similar to comparing numbers: When comparing text, you must be mindful of the “Case” (upper or lower). By default, VBA considers letters with different cases as non-matching. In other words, “A” <> “a”. If you’d like VBA to ignore case, you must add the Option Compare Text declaration to the top of your module: After making that declaration “A” = “a”: VBA If LikeThe VBA Like Operator allows you to make inexact comparisons of text. Click the “Like Operator” link to learn more, but we will show a basic example below: Here we’re using an asterisk “*” wildcard. The * stands for any number of any characters. So the above If statement will return TRUE. The Like operator is an extremely powerful, but often under-used tool for dealing with text. If LoopsVBA Loops allow you to repeat actions. Combining IF-ELSEs with Loops is a great way to quickly process many calculations. Continuing with our Positive / Negative example, we will add a For Each Loop to loop through a range of cells: If Else ExamplesNow we will go over some more specific examples. Check if Cell is EmptyThis code will check if a cell is empty. If it’s empty it will ignore the cell. If it’s not empty it will output the cell value to the cell to the right: Check if Cell Contains Specific TextThe Instr Function tests if a string of text is found in another string. Use it with an If statement to check if a cell contains specific text: Check if cell contains textThis code will test if a cell is text: If GotoYou can use the result of an If statement to “Go to” another section of code. Delete Row if Cell is BlankIf MessageBox Yes / NoWith VBA Message Boxes you’re able to ask the user to select from several options. The Yes/No Message Box asks the user to select Yes or No. You can add a Yes / No Message Box to a procedure to ask the user if they would like to continue running the procedure or not. You handle the user’s input using an If statement. Here is the Yes/No Message Box in practice: VBA If, ElseIf, Else in Access VBAThe If, ElseIf and Else functions work exactly the same in Access VBA as in Excel VBA. You can use an If statement to check if there are records in a Recordset. VBA Code Examples Add-inEasily access all of the code examples found on our site. Simply navigate to the menu, click, and the code will be inserted directly into your module. .xlam add-in. Источник Adblock |
IF is one of the most popular and frequently used statements in VBA. IF statement in VBA is sometimes also called as IF THEN ELSE Statement. The task of the IF Statement is to check if a particular condition is met or not.
If you have followed my earlier posts, then you would remember that we discussed If Function in Excel. The IF Function in Excel and the IF Statement in VBA are basically designed to do the same tasks, but the way they work is slightly different from each other.
Excel IF function checks a particular condition and if the condition is TRUE, it returns one value otherwise it returns the second value.
On the other hand, VBA IF Statement checks a condition but it doesn’t return any value. If the condition evaluates to TRUE then, it simply takes the program control to the instructions inside the IF block and starts executing them sequentially. However, if the condition evaluates to FALSE then it takes the program control to the statements inside the Else Block.
Although, it is not mandatory to have an Else Block with every IF statement. In such a case, if the condition inside IF statement evaluates to FALSE then the program control just moves to the next instruction (the instruction after the IF Block) and starts executing them sequentially.
Recommended Reading: Nested IF’s in Excel
Syntax of VBA IF Statement
Now let’s see the syntax of the IF statement in VBA:
IF condition_1 THEN
'Instructions inside First IF Block
ELSEIF condition_2 Then
'Instructions inside ELSEIF Block
...
ELSEIF condition_n Then
'Instructions inside nth ELSEIF Block
ELSE
'Instructions inside Else Block
END IF
Here, ‘condition_1
’ to ‘condition_n
’ refers to the expression that must evaluate to a Boolean value (i.e. either it should be TRUE or it should be FALSE).
The ‘THEN
’ keyword is basically a directive signifying that the instructions immediately following the IF Statement are to be executed if the condition evaluates to TRUE.
IF function usually ends with an ‘END IF
’ statement which tells the application that it is the last line of the IF function.
How VBA IF Statement Works
The conditions along with the IF Statements will be evaluated sequentially. This means, first of all, the IF Statement with ‘condition_1
’ will be evaluated, if it evaluates to TRUE then statements inside the first IF block will be executed and the rest of the blocks (ELSEIF’s and ELSE blocks) will be skipped.
But, if the First IF Statement evaluates to FALSE then the ELSEIF statement following it will be evaluated. If it evaluates to TRUE then the instructions inside the ELSEIF Block will be sequentially executed and the rest of the blocks (ELSEIF’s and ELSE blocks) will be skipped.
However, in case, it also evaluates to FALSE then the next ELSEIF statement will be evaluated and so on. Finally, if all the IF and ELSEIF’s evaluate to FALSE then the ELSE block will be executed.
Note: Remember that out of IF, ELSEIF’s, and ELSE code blocks; only a single code block will be executed at a time based on the condition.
How to Use IF Statement in VBA
Now let’s understand how to use the IF Statement in VBA.
Before preceding let’s make our objective very clear.
Objective: Here we will generate a random number between 1-10 and then our task is to identify if the generated number is less than 5, equal to 5 or greater than 5.
So, we will try to write a VBA program as:
Sub IF_Test()
Dim num As Integer
num = WorksheetFunction.RandBetween(1, 10)
If num > 5 Then
MsgBox num & " is greater than 5"
ElseIf num = 5 Then
MsgBox num & " is equal to 5"
Else
MsgBox num & " is less than 5"
End If
End Sub
Explanation: In the above code we have used the RandBetween function of Excel to generate any random number from 1 – 10. After this, we have used an IF statement to check whether this number is greater than 5, equal to 5, or less than 5.
Based on the generated number, any one of the three conditions will evaluate to TRUE, and a suitable message box will pop out.
How this code works in three conditions:
If the Random number is greater than 5: Let’s consider the random number generated is 7. The program starts from Line-1 and executes all the instructions sequentially till Line-4. When it reaches Line-4 it checks ‘If 7 > 5
’, which is TRUE. So, it jumps to the instruction immediately beneath it and pops up a message saying “7 is greater than 5
”. After this, it directly jumps to the Line-10 and comes out of the whole IF Statement.
If the Random number is equal to 5: Let’s consider the random number generated is 5. In this case, when the program control reaches Line-4, it checks ‘If 5 > 5
’, which is FALSE. So, it skips the IF Block and jumps to the ELSEIF statement, here it checks ‘If 5 = 5
’ which evaluates to TRUE. So, it pops up a message saying “5 is equal to 5
”. (I know it’s a weird message, but I just used it for helping you to understand the things.)
After this, the program control directly jumps to Line-10, skips the ELSE part, and comes out of the whole IF statement.
If the Random number is less than 5: Let’s consider the random number generated is 3. So, In this case, when the program control reaches Line-4 it checks ‘If 3 > 5
’, which is FALSE. So, it skips the IF Block and jumps to the ELSEIF block, here it checks ‘If 3 = 5
’, which also evaluates to FALSE.
Now, as the above two blocks have evaluated to FALSE hence the ELSE block will be executed and pops out a message saying “3 is less than 5
”. Later the program control jumps to Line-10 and ends the IF Statement.
Examples of VBA IF Statement
Now, let’s move to some examples of the IF Statement in VBA.
Example 1: Using less than ‘<‘ operator with the VBA IF Function
Write a program to check whether the number entered by the user is negative or not.
Below VBA code can accomplish this:
Sub Find_Negative()
On Error GoTo catch_error
Dim number As Integer
number = InputBox("Enter the number: ")
If number < 0 Then
MsgBox "Entered number is negative!"
Else
MsgBox "Entered number is positive!"
End If
Exit Sub
catch_error:
MsgBox "Oops, Some Error Occurred !"
End Sub
Explanation:
In this code, first of all, we are accepting input numbers from the user. And then we check whether that number is greater than zero or not. If the number is less than zero, then IF block is executed and a message is displayed to the user saying, “Entered number is negative!
”.
But however, if the entered number is greater than zero then the program jumps to the Else block where it displays a message to the user saying, “Entered number is positive!
”.
Example 2: Using less than ‘=’ operator with the VBA IF Function
Write a VBA code to tell if the number entered by the user is Even or Odd.
Below is the code to do this:
Sub Find_Even_Odd()
On Error GoTo catch_error
Dim number As Integer
number = InputBox("Enter the number: ")
If number Mod 2 = 0 Then
MsgBox "Entered number is Even!"
Else
MsgBox "Entered number is Odd!"
End If
Exit Sub
catch_error:
MsgBox "Some Error Occurred"
End Sub
Explanation:
In this code, just like the previous example first of all we are accepting input numbers from the user. And then we check whether the Modulus of that number with 2 is zero or not. If the Modulus is zero that means the number is divisible by 2 and hence is Even.
But however, if the modulus result is non-zero that means the number is not perfectly divisible by 2 and hence it is Odd.
Example 3: Using other functions within the VBA IF Function
Write a program to check if the string entered by the user is Palindrome or not.
A Palindrome string is that which reads the same forward as it does backward for example level, civic, etc.
Below is the code to accomplish this task:
Sub Check_Palindrome()
On Error GoTo catch_error
Dim word As String
Dim Rev_Word As String
word = InputBox("Enter the string ")
Rev_Word = StrReverse(word)
If LCase(word) = LCase(Rev_Word) Then
MsgBox "Entered String is Palindrome !"
Else
MsgBox "Entered String is non Palindrome !"
End If
Exit Sub
catch_error:
MsgBox "Some Error Occured"
End Sub
Explanation:
The logic of this code is quite simple, first of all, we have asked the user to enter a text sting. And then with the use of VBA StrReverse
a function (inbuilt function to reverse a text string), we have reversed the text string entered by the user.
Finally, we are matching both the strings i.e. user-entered string and reversed string in an IF statement to check whether both of them are the same or different. If both are the same that means the entered string is a palindrome.
Using IF statement with And & Or operators:
Logical operators make it possible for you to check multiple conditions at a time, inside a single IF statement. There are many logical operators in VBA like: And
, Or
, Not
, AndAlso
, OrElse
, and Xor
but in most cases, we only deal with the first three.
Note: All the above-mentioned operators are binary (i.e. they accept at least two operands) except NOT
. NOT
is unary because it takes a single operand.
Now, let’s have a look at their truth tables:
Condition | NOT Result |
---|---|
True | False |
False | True |
After seeing the above truth table you can clearly see that Not just returns the opposite logic of the condition.
Condition1 | Condition2 | AND Result | OR Result |
---|---|---|---|
True | True | True | True |
True | False | False | True |
False | True | False | True |
False | False | False | False |
See that AND only returns a TRUE value if both the conditions are TRUE. While OR returns TRUE if at-least any one of the two conditions is TRUE.
Now, let’s have a look at some examples of Logical Operators with IF Statement:
Example 4: Using OR Logical Operator With IF Statement in VBA
Write a program to ask the user his favorite color. If the color entered by the user is ‘White’ or ‘Black’, then display a message to tell him that you like the same color.
Below is the code to do this:
Sub Fav_Color()
On Error GoTo catch_error
Dim color As String
color = InputBox("Enter your favorite color: ")
If LCase(color) = "white" Or LCase(color) = "black" Then
MsgBox "Oh Really! I too like the same."
Else
MsgBox "Nice Choice"
End If
Exit Sub
catch_error:
MsgBox "Some Error Occurred"
End Sub
See how I have used Or operator to check the combination of multiple conditions in my program.
Example 5: Using AND Logical Operator With IF Statement in VBA
In the below table we have a Grade Table. Our task is to write a program that accepts Marks from user and displays the corresponding Grade.
Below is the code to accomplish this:
Sub Grade_Marks()
On Error GoTo catch_error
Dim Marks As Integer
Marks = InputBox("Enter your marks: ")
If Marks <= 100 And Marks >= 85 Then
MsgBox "Grade A"
ElseIf Marks < 85 And Marks >= 75 Then
MsgBox "Grade B"
ElseIf Marks < 75 And Marks >= 65 Then
MsgBox "Grade C"
ElseIf Marks < 65 And Marks >= 55 Then
MsgBox "Grade D"
ElseIf Marks < 55 And Marks >= 45 Then
MsgBox "Grade E"
ElseIf Marks < 45 Then
MsgBox "Fail"
End If
Exit Sub
catch_error:
MsgBox "Some Error Occurred"
End Sub
In this code see how I have used the AND operator to produce the required conditions.
Note: As a better coding practice it is always nice to use Select Case statements instead of writing multiple ELSEIF statements (just like we have seen in the above example). Select Case statements to execute faster and look cleaner than IF THEN ELSE.
Recommend Reading: Select Case Statement
So, this was all about VBA IF Statement. Do read this post if this long article has bored you and don’t forget to share your ideas and thoughts with us in the comments section.
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Содержание
- Краткое руководство по VBA If Statement
- Что такое IF и зачем оно тебе?
- Тестовые данные
- Формат операторов VBA If Then
- Простой пример If Then
- Условия IF
- Использование If ElseIf
- Использование If Else
- Используя If And/If Or
- Функция IIF
- Использование Select Case
- Попробуйте это упражнение
Краткое руководство по VBA If Statement
Описание | Формат | Пример |
If Then | If [условие верно] Then [действие] End If |
If score = 100 Then Debug.Print «Отлично» End If |
If Else | If [условие верно] Then [действие] Else [действие] End If |
If score = 100 Then Debug.Print «Отлично» Else Debug.Print «Попробуй снова» End If |
If ElseIf | If [1 условие верно] Then [действие] ElseIf [2 условие верно] Then [действие] End If |
If score = 100 Then Debug.Print «Отлично» ElseIf score > 50 Then Debug.Print «Пройдено» ElseIf score <= 50 Then Debug.Print «Попробуй снова» End If |
Else и ElseIf (Else должно идти после ElseIf’s) |
If [1 условие верно] Then [действие] ElseIf [2 условие верно] Then [действие] Else [действие] End If |
If score = 100 Then Debug.Print «Отлично» ElseIf score > 50 Then Debug.Print «Пройдено» ElseIf score > 30 Then Debug.Print «Попробуй снова» Else Debug.Print «Ой» End If |
If без Endif (Только одна строка) |
If [условие верно] Then [действие] |
If value <= 0 Then value = 0 |
В следующем коде показан простой пример использования
оператора VBA If
If Sheet1.Range("A1").Value > 5 Then Debug.Print "Значение больше 5." ElseIf Sheet1.Range("A1").Value < 5 Then Debug.Print "Значение меньше 5." Else Debug.Print "Значение равно 5." End If
Что такое IF и зачем оно тебе?
Оператор VBA If используется, чтобы позволить вашему коду
делать выбор, когда он выполняется.
Вам часто захочется сделать выбор на основе данных, которые
читает ваш макрос.
Например, вы можете захотеть читать только тех учеников, у
которых оценки выше 70. Когда вы читаете каждого учащегося, вы можете
использовать инструкцию If для проверки отметок каждого учащегося.
Важным словом в последнем предложении является проверка. Оператор
If используется для проверки значения, а затем для выполнения задачи на основе
результатов этой проверки.
Тестовые данные
Мы собираемся использовать следующие тестовые данные для
примеров кода в этом посте.
Формат операторов VBA If Then
Формат оператора If Then следующий
За ключевым словом If следуют условие и ключевое слово Then
Каждый раз, когда вы используете оператор If Then, вы должны использовать соответствующий оператор End If.
Когда условие оценивается как истинное, обрабатываются все
строки между If Then и End If.
If [условие верно] Then [строки кода] [строки кода] [строки кода] End If
Чтобы сделать ваш код более читабельным, рекомендуется
делать отступы между операторами If Then и End If.
Отступ между If и End If
Отступ означает просто переместить строку кода на одну вкладку вправо. Правило большого пальца состоит в том, чтобы сделать отступ между начальным и конечным операторами, такими как:
Sub … End Sub
If Then … End If
If Then… ElseIf … Else … Endif
For … Next
Do While … Loop
Select Case … End Case
Для отступа в коде вы можете выделить строки для отступа и нажать клавишу Tab. Нажатие клавиш Shift + Tab сделает отступ кода, т.е. переместит его на одну вкладку влево.
Вы также можете использовать значки на панели инструментов Visual Basic для отступа кода.
Если вы посмотрите на примеры кода на этом сайте, вы увидите, что код имеет отступ.
Простой пример If Then
Следующий код выводит имена всех студентов с баллами более 50.
Sub ChitatOcenki() Dim i As Long ' Пройдите столбцы отметок For i = 2 To 11 ' Проверьте, больше ли баллов,чем 50 If Sheet1.Range("C" & i).Value > 50 Then ' Напечатайте имя студента в «Immediate Window» (Ctrl + G) Debug.Print Sheet1.Range("A" & i).Value & " " & Sheet1.Range("B" & i).Value End If Next End Sub
Результаты:
- Василий Кочин
- Максим Бородин
- Дмитрий Маренин
- Олеся Клюева
- Евгений Яшин
Поэкспериментируйте с этим примером и проверьте значение или знак > и посмотрите, как изменились результаты.
Условия IF
Часть кода между ключевыми словами If и Then называется условием. Условие — это утверждение, которое оценивается как истинное или ложное. Они в основном используются с операторами Loops и If. При создании условия вы используете такие знаки, как «>, <, <>,> =, <=, =».
Ниже приведены примеры условий:
Условие | Это верно, когда |
x < 5 | x меньше,чем 5 |
x <= 5 | x меньше, либо равен 5 |
x > 5 | x больше, чем 5 |
x >= 5 | x больше, либо равен 5 |
x = 5 | x равен 5 |
x <> 5 | x не равен 5 |
x > 5 And x < 10 | x больше, чем 5 И x меньше, чем 10 |
x = 2 Or x >10 | x равен 2 ИЛИ x больше,чем 10 |
Range(«A1») = «Иван» | Ячейка A1 содержит текст «Иван» |
Range(«A1») <> «Иван» | Ячейка A1 не содержит текст «Иван» |
Вы могли заметить x = 5, как условие. Не стоит путать с х = 5, при использовании в качестве назначения.
Когда в условии используется «=», это означает, что «левая сторона равна правой стороне».
В следующей таблице показано, как знак равенства используется
в условиях и присваиваниях.
Использование «=» | Тип | Значение |
Loop Until x = 5 | Условие | Равен ли x пяти |
Do While x = 5 | Условие | Равен ли x пяти |
If x = 5 Then | Условие | Равен ли x пяти |
For x = 1 To 5 | Присваивание | Установите значение х = 1, потом = 2 и т.д. |
x = 5 | Присваивание | Установите х до 5 |
b = 6 = 5 | Присваивание и условие |
Присвойте b результату условия 6 = 5 |
x = MyFunc(5,6) | Присваивание | Присвойте х значение, возвращаемое функцией |
Последняя запись в приведенной выше таблице показывает
оператор с двумя равными. Первый знак равенства — это присвоение, а любые
последующие знаки равенства — это условия.
Поначалу это может показаться странным, но подумайте об этом
так. Любое утверждение, начинающееся с переменной и равно, имеет следующий
формат
[переменная] [=] [оценить эту часть]
Поэтому все, что находится справа от знака равенства, оценивается и результат помещается в переменную. Посмотрите на последние три строки таблицы, как:
[x] [=] [5]
[b] [=] [6 = 5]
[x] [=] [MyFunc (5,6)]
Использование If ElseIf
Инструкция ElseIf позволяет вам выбирать из нескольких вариантов. В следующем примере мы печатаем баллы, которые находятся в диапазоне.
Sub IspElseIf() If Marks >= 85 Then Debug.Print "Высший балл" ElseIf Marks >= 75 Then Debug.Print "Отлично" End If End Sub
Важно понимать, что порядок важен. Условие If проверяется
первым.
Если это правда, то печатается «Высший балл», и оператор If заканчивается.
Если оно ложно, то код переходит к следующему ElseIf и
проверяет его состояние.
Давайте поменяемся местами If и ElseIf из последнего
примера. Код теперь выглядит так
Sub IspElseIfNeverno() ' Этот код неверен, так как ElseIf никогда не будет верным If Marks >= 75 Then Debug.Print "Отлично" ElseIf Marks >= 85 Then ' код никогда не достигнет здесь Debug.Print "Высший балл" End If End Sub
В этом случае мы сначала проверяем значение более 75. Мы никогда не будем печатать «Высший балл», потому что, если значение больше 85, это вызовет первый оператор if.
Чтобы избежать подобных проблем, мы должны использовать два
условия. Они помогают точно указать, что вы ищете, чтобы избежать путаницы.
Пример ниже показывает, как их использовать. Мы рассмотрим более многочисленные
условия в разделе ниже.
If marks >= 75 And marks < 85 Then Debug.Print "Отлично" ElseIf marks >= 85 And marks <= 100 Then Debug.Print "Высший балл" End If
Давайте расширим оригинальный код. Вы можете использовать столько операторов ElseIf, сколько захотите. Мы добавим еще несколько, чтобы учесть все наши классификации баллов.
Использование If Else
Утверждение Else используется, как ловушка для всех. Это в основном означает «если бы не было условий» или «все остальное». В предыдущем примере кода мы не включили оператор печати для метки сбоя. Мы можем добавить это, используя Else.
Sub IspElse() If Marks >= 85 Then Debug.Print "Высший балл" ElseIf Marks >= 75 Then Debug.Print "Отлично" ElseIf Marks >= 55 Then Debug.Print "Хорошо" ElseIf Marks >= 40 Then Debug.Print "Удовлетворительно" Else ' Для всех других оценок Debug.Print "Незачет" End If End Sub
Так что, если это не один из других типов, то это провал.
Давайте напишем некоторый код с помощью наших примеров
данных и распечатаем студента и его классификацию.
Sub DobClass() ' получить последнюю строку Dim startRow As Long, lastRow As Long startRow = 2 lastRow = Sheet1.Cells(Sheet1.Rows.Count, 1).End(xlUp).Row Dim i As Long, Marks As Long Dim sClass As String ' Пройдите столбцы отметок For i = startRow To lastRow Marks = Sheet1.Range("C" & i).Value ' Проверьте отметки и классифицируйте соответственно If Marks >= 85 Then sClass = "Высший балл" ElseIf Marks >= 75 Then sClass = "Отлично" ElseIf Marks >= 55 Then sClass = "Хорошо" ElseIf Marks >= 40 Then sClass = "Удовлетворительно" Else ' Для всех других оценок sClass = "Незачет" End If ' Запишите класс в столбец E Sheet1.Range("E" & i).Value = sClass Next End Sub
Результаты выглядят так: в столбце E — классификация баллов
Используя If And/If Or
В выражении If может быть несколько условий. Ключевые слова VBA And и Or позволяют использовать несколько условий.
Эти слова работают так же, как вы используете их на
английском языке.
Давайте снова посмотрим на наши примеры данных. Теперь мы
хотим напечатать всех студентов, которые набрали от 50 до 80 баллов.
Мы используем Аnd, чтобы добавить дополнительное условие. Код гласит: если оценка больше или равна 50 и меньше 75, напечатайте имя студента.
Sub ProverkaStrokiOcenok() Dim i As Long, marks As Long For i = 2 To 11 ' Хранить оценки для текущего студента marks = Sheet1.Range("C" & i).Value ' Проверьте, если отметки больше 50 и меньше 75 If marks >= 50 And marks < 80 Then ' Напечатайте имя и фамилию в Immediate window (Ctrl+G) Debug.Print Sheet1.Range("A" & i).Value & Sheet1.Range("B" & i).Value End If Next End Sub
Вывести имя и фамилию в результаты:
- Дмитрий Маренин
- Олеся Клюева
- Евгений Яшин
В нашем следующем примере мы хотим знать, кто из студентов сдавал историю или геометрию. Таким образом, в данном случае мы говорим, изучал ли студент «История» ИЛИ изучал ли он «Геометрия» (Ctrl+G).
Sub ChitatObektOcenki() Dim i As Long, marks As Long ' Пройдите столбцы отметок For i = 2 To 11 marks = Sheet1.Range("D" & i).Value ' Проверьте, если отметки больше 50 и меньше 80 If marks = "История" Or marks = "Геометрия" Then ' Напечатайте имя и фамилию в Immediate window (Ctrl+G) Debug.Print Sheet1.Range("A" & i).Value & " " & Sheet1.Range("B" & i).Value End If Next End Sub
Результаты:
- Василий Кочин
- Александр Грохотов
- Дмитрий Маренин
- Николай Куликов
- Олеся Клюева
- Наталия Теплых
- Дмитрий Андреев
Использование нескольких таких условий часто является
источником ошибок. Эмпирическое правило, которое нужно помнить, должно быть
максимально простым.
Использование IF AND
And работает следующим образом:
Условие 1 | Условие 2 | Результат |
ИСТИНА | ИСТИНА | ИСТИНА |
ИСТИНА | ЛОЖЬ | ЛОЖЬ |
ЛОЖЬ | ИСТИНА | ЛОЖЬ |
ЛОЖЬ | ЛОЖЬ | ЛОЖЬ |
Что вы заметите, так это то, что And верно только тогда, когда все условия выполняются.
Использование IF OR
Ключевое слово OR работает следующим образом
Условие 1 | Условие 2 | Результат |
ИСТИНА | ИСТИНА | ИСТИНА |
ИСТИНА | ЛОЖЬ | ИСТИНА |
ЛОЖЬ | ИСТИНА | ИСТИНА |
ЛОЖЬ | ЛОЖЬ | ЛОЖЬ |
Что вы заметите, так это то, что OR ложно, только когда все условия ложны.
Смешивание And и Or может затруднить чтение кода и привести к ошибкам. Использование скобок может сделать условия более понятными.
Sub OrSAnd() Dim subject As String, marks As Long subject = "История" marks = 5 If (subject = "Геометрия" Or subject = "История") And marks >= 6 Then Debug.Print "ИСТИНА" Else Debug.Print "ЛОЖЬ" End If End Sub
Использование IF NOT
Также есть оператор NOT. Он возвращает противоположный результат условия.
Условие | Результат |
ИСТИНА | ЛОЖЬ |
ЛОЖЬ | ИСТИНА |
Следующие две строки кода эквивалентны.
If marks < 40 Then If Not marks >= 40 Then
так же, как и
If True Then If Not False Then
и
If False Then If Not True Then
Помещение условия в круглые скобки облегчает чтение кода
If Not (marks >= 40) Then
Распространенное использование Not — при проверке, был ли установлен объект. Возьмите Worksheet для примера. Здесь мы объявляем рабочий лист.
Dim mySheet As Worksheet ' Некоторый код здесь
Мы хотим проверить действительность mySheet перед его использованием. Мы можем проверить, если это Nothing.
If mySheet Is Nothing Then
Нет способа проверить, является ли это чем-то, поскольку есть много разных способов, которым это может быть что-то. Поэтому мы используем NOT с Nothing.
If Not mySheet Is Nothing Then
Если вы находите это немного запутанным, вы можете использовать круглые скобки, как здесь
If Not (mySheet Is Nothing) Then
Функция IIF
VBA имеет функцию, аналогичную функции Excel If. В Excel вы часто используете функцию If следующим образом:
= ЕСЛИ (F2 =»»,»», F1 / F2)
Формат
= If (условие, действие, если ИСТИНА, действие, если ЛОЖЬ).
VBA имеет функцию IIf, которая работает так же. Давайте посмотрим на примере. В следующем коде мы используем IIf для проверки значения переменной val. Если значение больше 10, мы печатаем ИСТИНА, в противном случае мы печатаем ЛОЖЬ.
Sub ProveritVal() Dim result As Boolean Dim val As Long ' Печатает ИСТИНА val = 11 result = IIf(val > 10, ИСТИНА, ЛОЖЬ) Debug.Print result ' печатает ЛОЖЬ val = 5 result = IIf(val > 10, ИСТИНА, ЛОЖЬ) Debug.Print result End Sub
В нашем следующем примере мы хотим распечатать «Удовлетворитеьно» или «Незачет» рядом с каждым студентом в зависимости от их баллов. В первом фрагменте кода мы будем использовать обычный оператор VBA If, чтобы сделать это.
Sub ProveritDiapazonOcenok() Dim i As Long, marks As Long For i = 2 To 11 ' Хранить оценки для текущего студента marks = Sheet1.Range("C" & i).Value ' Проверьте, прошел ли студент или нет If marks >= 40 Then ' Запишите имена для столбца F Sheet1.Range("E" & i) = "Удовлетворительно" Else Sheet1.Range("E" & i) = "Незачет" End If Next End Sub
В следующем фрагменте кода мы будем использовать функцию IIf. Код здесь намного аккуратнее.
Sub ProveritDiapazonOcenok () Dim i As Long, marks As Long For i = 2 To 11 ' Хранить оценки для текущего студента marks = Sheet1.Range("C" & i) ' Проверьте, прошел ли студент или нет Sheet1.Range("E" & i).Value = IIf(marks >= 40,"Удовлетворительно","Незачет") Next End Sub
Функция IIf очень полезна для простых случаев, когда вы имеете дело с двумя возможными вариантами.
Использование Nested IIf
Вы также можете вкладывать IIf-операторы, как в Excel. Это означает использование результата одного IIf с другим. Давайте добавим еще один тип результата в наши предыдущие примеры. Теперь мы хотим напечатать «Отлично», «Удовлетворительно» или «Незачетт» для каждого студента.
Используя обычный VBA, мы сделали бы это так
Sub ProveritRezultatiTip2() Dim i As Long, marks As Long For i = 2 To 11 ' Хранить оценки для текущего студента marks = Sheet1.Range("C" & i).Value If marks >= 75 Then Sheet1.Range("E" & i).Value = "Отлично" ElseIf marks >= 40 Then ' Запишите имена для столбца F Sheet1.Range("E" & i).Value = "Удовлетворительно" Else Sheet1.Range("E" & i).Value = "Незачет" End If Next End Sub
Используя вложенные IIfs, мы могли бы сделать это так
Sub IspNestedIIF() Dim i As Long, marks As Long, result As String For i = 2 To 11 marks = Sheet1.Range("C" & i).Value result = IIf(marks >= 55,"Хорошо",IIf(marks >= 40,"Удовлетворительно","Незачет")) Sheet1.Range("E" & i).Value = result Next End Sub
Использование вложенного IIf хорошо в простых случаях, подобных этому. Код прост для чтения и, следовательно, вряд ли вызовет ошибки.
Чего нужно остерегаться
Важно понимать, что функция IIf всегда оценивает как
Истинную, так и Ложную части выражения независимо от условия.
В следующем примере мы хотим разделить по баллам, когда он не равен нулю. Если он равен нулю, мы хотим вернуть ноль.
marks = 0 total = IIf(marks = 0, 0, 60 / marks)
Однако, когда отметки равны нулю, код выдаст ошибку «Делить на ноль». Это потому, что он оценивает как Истинные, так и Ложные утверждения. Здесь ложное утверждение, т.е. (60 / Marks), оценивается как ошибка, потому что отметки равны нулю.
Если мы используем нормальный оператор IF, он будет
запускать только соответствующую строку.
marks = 0 If marks = 0 Then 'Выполняет эту строку только когда отметки равны нулю total = 0 Else 'Выполняет только эту строку, когда отметки не равны нулю total = 60 / marks End If
Это также означает, что если у вас есть функции для ИСТИНА и ЛОЖЬ, то обе будут выполнены. Таким образом, IIF будет запускать обе функции, даже если он использует только одно возвращаемое значение. Например:
' Обе функции будут выполняться каждый раз total = IIf(marks = 0, Func1, Func2)
IF против IIf
Так что лучше?
В этом случае вы можете видеть, что IIf короче для написания и аккуратнее. Однако если условия усложняются, вам лучше использовать обычное выражение If. Недостатком IIf является то, что он недостаточно известен, поэтому другие пользователи могут не понимать его так же, как и код, написанный с помощью обычного оператора if.
Кроме того, как мы обсуждали в последнем разделе, IIF всегда оценивает части ИСТИНА и ЛОЖЬ, поэтому, если вы имеете дело с большим количеством данных, оператор IF будет быстрее.
Мое эмпирическое правило заключается в том, чтобы
использовать IIf, когда
он будет прост для чтения и не требует вызовов функций. Для более сложных
случаев используйте обычный оператор If.
Использование Select Case
Оператор Select Case
— это альтернативный способ написания статистики If с большим количеством ElseIf. Этот тип операторов
вы найдете в большинстве популярных языков программирования, где он называется
оператором Switch. Например,
Java, C #, C ++ и Javascript
имеют оператор switch.
Формат
Select Case [переменная] Case [условие 1] Case [условие 2] Case [условие n] Case Else End Select
Давайте возьмем наш пример DobClass сверху и перепишем его с помощью оператора Select Case.
Sub DobavitClass() ' получить последнюю строку Dim startRow As Long, lastRow As Long startRow = 2 lastRow = Sheet1.Cells(Sheet1.Rows.Count, 1).End(xlUp).Row Dim i As Long, Marks As Long Dim sClass As String ' Пройдите столбцы отметок For i = startRow To lastRow Marks = Sheet1.Range("C" & i).Value ' Проверьте отметки и классифицируйте соответственно If Marks >= 85 Then sClass = "Высший балл" ElseIf Marks >= 75 Then sClass = "Отлично" ElseIf Marks >= 55 Then sClass = "Хорошо" ElseIf Marks >= 40 Then sClass = "Удовлетворительно" Else ' Для всех других оценок sClass = "Незачет" End If ' Запишите класс в столбец E Sheet1.Range("E" & i).Value = sClass Next End Sub
Ниже приведен тот же код с использованием оператора Select Case. Главное, что вы заметите, это то, что мы используем “Case 85 to 100” rather than “marks >=85 And marks <=100”. , а не “marks >=85 And marks <=100”.
Sub DobavitClassSSelect() ' получить первую и последнюю строки Dim firstRow As Long, lastRow As Long firstRow = 2 lastRow = Cells(Cells.Rows.Count, 1).End(xlUp).Row Dim i As Long, marks As Long Dim sClass As String ' Пройдите столбцы отметок For i = firstRow To lastRow marks = Sheet1.Range("C" & i).Value ' Проверьте отметки и классифицируйте соответственно Select Case marks Case 85 To 100 sClass = "Высший балл" Case 75 To 84 sClass = "Отлично" Case 55 To 74 sClass = "Хорошо" Case 40 To 54 sClass = "Удовлетворительно" Case Else ' Для всех других оценок sClass = "Незачет" End Select ' Запишите класс в столбец E Sheet1.Range("E" & i).Value = sClass Next End Sub
Использование Case Is
Вы можете переписать оператор select в том же формате, что и оригинальный ElseIf. Вы можете использовать Is с Case.
Select Case marks Case Is >= 85 sClass = "Высший балл" Case Is >= 75 sClass = "Отлично" Case Is >= 55 sClass = "Хорошо" Case Is >= 40 sClass = "Удовлетворительно" Case Else ' Для всех других оценок sClass = "Незачет" End Select
Вы можете использовать Is для проверки нескольких значений.
В следующем коде мы проверяем, равны ли оценки 5, 7 или 9.
Sub TestNeskZnach() Dim marks As Long marks = 7 Select Case marks Case Is = 5, 7, 9 Debug.Print True Case Else Debug.Print False End Select End Sub
Попробуйте это упражнение
В этой статье много рассказывали о выражении If. Хороший способ помочь вам понять — это попытаться написать код, используя темы, которые мы рассмотрели. В следующем упражнении используются тестовые данные из этой статьи. Ответ на упражнение ниже.
Мы будем использовать ячейку G1, чтобы написать имя
субъекта.
В колонках от H до L запишите всех студентов, которые имеют оценки по этому предмету. Мы хотим классифицировать их результат как успешный или неудачный. Оценка ниже 40 — неудача, оценка 40 или выше — Зачет.
Колонка H: Имя
Колонка I: Фамилия
Колонка J: Баллы
Колонка H: Предмет
Столбец I: Тип результата — Зачет или Незачет
Если ячейка G1 содержит «Геометрия», то ваш результат должен выглядеть следующим образом:
Ответ на упражнение
Следующий код показывает, как выполнить вышеупомянутое упражнение.
Примечание: есть много способов выполнить задачу, поэтому не расстраивайтесь, если ваш код отличается.
Sub ZapisatRezultat() ' Получить тему Dim subject As String subject = Sheet1.Range("G1").Value If subject = "" Then Exit Sub End If ' Получить первый и последний ряд Dim firstRow As Long, lastRow As Long firstRow = 2 lastRow = Cells(Cells.Rows.Count, 1).End(xlUp).Row ' Очистить любой существующий вывод Sheet1.Range("H:L").ClearContents ' Отслеживать выходной ряд Dim outRow As Long outRow = 1 Dim i As Long, marks As Long, rowSubject As String ' Прочитать данные For i = firstRow To lastRow marks = Sheet1.Range("C" & i).Value rowSubject = Sheet1.Range("D" & i).Value If rowSubject = subject Then ' Запишите данные студента, если предмет Геометрия Sheet1.Range("A" & i & ":" & "D" & i).Copy Sheet1.Range("H" & outRow).PasteSpecial xlPasteValues ' Запишите Зачет или Незачет If marks < 40 Then Sheet1.Range("L" & outRow).Value = "Незачет" ElseIf marks >= 40 Then Sheet1.Range("L" & outRow).Value = "Зачет" End If ' Переместить вывод в следующую строку outRow = outRow + 1 End If Next i End Sub
In Excel VBA, IF Then Else statement allows you to check for a condition, and perform an action accordingly.
This is extremely valuable in many situations as we will see in the examples later in this tutorial.
To give you a simple example, suppose you have a list of grades in Excel and you want to highlight all those students who have scored an A. Now, if I ask you to do this manually, you will check each student’s grade and if it’s an A, you’ll highlight it, and if it isn’t, then you’ll leave it as is.
The same logic can be built in VBA using the If Then Else statement as well (and of course do a lot more than just highlighting grades).
In this tutorial, I’ll show you different ways the ‘If Then Else’ construct can be used in Excel VBA, and some practical examples in action.
But before I get into the specifics, let me give you the syntax of the ‘IF Then Else’ statement.
If you’re interested in learning VBA the easy way, check out my Online Excel VBA Training.
Syntax – IF Then Else
Below is the generic syntax of If Then Else construct in VBA
IF condition Then true_code [Else false_code]
Or
IF condition Then true_code Else false_code End IF
Note that the Else part of this statement is optional.
Now if you’re wondering what’s the difference between the two syntaxes, let me clarify.
The first syntax is a simple one-line IF THEN ELSE statement where you don’t need to use the END IF statement.
However, in the second syntax, the true_code part is in the second line. This is helpful when the code that you need to run in case the IF condition is true is long and consists of multiple lines.
When you split the IF statement into multiple lines, you need to tell VBA where the IF Then construct ends.
Hence you need to use the End IF statement.
In case you don’t use End IF when required, VBA will show you an error – “Block IF without END IF”
Examples of Using IF Then Statement in VBA
To give you an idea of how the IF-THEN statement works in VBA, let me start with some basic examples (some practical and more useful examples are covered later in this tutorial).
Suppose you have a student’s score in cell A1 and you want to check whether the student passed the exam or not (passing marks threshold being 35).
Then you can use the following code:
Sub CheckScore() If Range("A1").Value >=35 Then MsgBox "Pass" End Sub
The above code has a single line of IF statement that checks the value in cell A1.
If it’s more than 35, it shows the message – “Pass”.
If it’s less than 35, nothing happens.
But what if you want to show a message in both the cases, whether a student passed or failed the exam.
The below code would do this:
Sub CheckScore() If Range("A1").Value >= 35 Then MsgBox "Pass" Else MsgBox "Fail" End If End Sub
The above code uses the IF as well as the ELSE statement to execute two different conditions. When the score is more than (or equal to) 35, the IF condition is true, and the code right below it gets executed (everything before the Else statement).
But when the IF condition is FALSE, the code jumps to the Else part and executes the code block in it.
Note that when we use a single line of IF Then statement, we don’t need to use End IF. But when we split it into more than one line, we need to use the End If statement.
Nested IF Then (Multiple IF Then statements)
So far we have used a single IF Then statement.
In case you have multiple conditions to check, you can use:
- Multiple IF conditions
- If Then Else statement
- IF Then ElseIf Else construct
Let me show you how these differ and how to use this in Excel VBA.
Multiple IF Then Statements
Let’s take the same example of using a student’s score.
If the student scores less than 35, the message to display is ‘Fail’, if the score is more than or equal to 35, the message to display is ‘Pass’.
We can use the below code to get this done:
Sub CheckScore() If Range("A1").Value < 35 Then MsgBox "Fail" If Range("A1").Value >= 35 Then MsgBox "Pass" End Sub
You can use multiple IF Then statement as shown above. While this works, it’s not an example of good coding (as you will see the alternatives below).
In case you decide to use this, remember that these statements should either be independent or mutually exclusive. The important thing to know here is that in the above construct, all the IF statements are evaluated and the ones where the condition is true, the code is executed.
So even if the first IF statement is correct, the second would still be evaluated.
IF Then Else Statement
Suppose this time, instead of just displaying the message Pass/Fail, we have one more condition.
If the student scores less than 35, the message to display is ‘Fail’, if the score is more than or equal to 35, the message to display is ‘Pass’, and if the score is more than 80, the message to display is ‘Pass, with Distinction’.
We can use the below code to get this done:
Sub CheckScore() If Range("A1").Value < 35 Then MsgBox "Fail" Else If Range("A1").Value < 80 Then MsgBox "Pass" Else MsgBox "Pass, with Distinction" End If End If End Sub
In the above code, we have used multiple IF statements (nested IF Then) with the help of Else.
So there is an ‘IF Then Else’ construct within an ‘IF Then Else’ construct. This type of nesting allows you to check for multiple conditions and run the relevant block of code.
IF Then ElseIf Else Statement
The above code (that we saw in the previous section) can be further optimized by using the ElseIf statement.
Here is what we’re trying to do – If the student scores less than 35, the message to display is ‘Fail’, if the score is more than or equal to 35, the message to display is ‘Pass’, and if the score is more than 80, the message to display is ‘Pass, with Distinction’.
Sub CheckScore() If Range("A1").Value < 35 Then MsgBox "Fail" ElseIf Range("A1").Value < 80 Then MsgBox "Pass" Else MsgBox "Pass, with Distinction" End If End Sub
The above code uses ElseIf, which allows us to keep all the conditions within one single IF Then statement.
Using AND and OR in IF Then Else
So far in this tutorial, we have only checked for a single condition at a time.
However, when you have multiple dependent conditions, you can use the AND or OR statement with the IF conditions.
Below is the syntax of using AND/OR condition with the IF Then statement.
IF Condition1 AND Condition2 Then true_code Else false_code End IF
In the above code, only when both Condition1 and Condition2 are met, the true_code is executed. Even if one of the conditions is false, it will execute the false_code.
With OR, even if one of the conditions are true, it will execute the true_code. Only when all the conditions are false, it executes the false_code.
Now let’s see how AND and OR statement work with the IF Then Else construct.
Suppose you have the scores for two subjects instead of one, and you want to check for the following conditions:
- Fail – When the score is less than 35 in any of the subjects.
- Pass – When the score is more than or equal to 35, but less than 80 in both the subjects.
- Pass, with Distinction – When the score is more than 35 in both the subjects and is more than or equal to 80 in one or both the subjects.
Here is the code that will do this:
Sub CheckScore() If Range("A1").Value < 35 Or Range("B1").Value < 35 Then MsgBox "Fail" ElseIf Range("A1").Value < 80 And Range("B1").Value < 80 Then MsgBox "Pass" Else MsgBox "Pass, with Distinction" End If End Sub
The above code uses both OR and AND statements.
You can also write this same code with a slight change (using OR instead of AND).
Sub CheckScore() If Range("A1").Value < 35 Or Range("B1").Value < 35 Then MsgBox "Fail" ElseIf Range("A1").Value > 80 Or Range("B1").Value > 80 Then MsgBox "Pass, with Distinction" Else MsgBox "Pass" End If End Sub
Both the above VBA codes will give you the same result. Personally, I prefer the first one as it has a logical flow of checking the scores (but that’s just me).
Using Not Equal to in If Then
In all the examples above, we have used the conditions that check whether a value equal to a specified value or not.
You can also use similar codes when checking when the value is not equal to a specified value in the VBA code. Not equal to represented by <> the Excel VBA.
To see a practical example of using <>, have a look at Example 1 below.
Using If Then Else with Loops in VBA
So far, we have been going through some examples that are good to understand how the ‘IF-THEN’ statements work in VBA, however, are not useful in the practical world.
If I need to grade students, I can easily do that using Excel functions.
So let’s have a look at some useful and practical examples that can help you automate some stuff and be more efficient.
Example 1 – Save and Close All Workbooks Except The Active Workbook
If you have a lot of workbooks open and you quickly want to close all, except the active workbook, you can use the below code,
Sub SaveCloseAllWorkbooks() Dim wb As Workbook For Each wb In Workbooks On error resume next If wb.Name <> ActiveWorkbook.Name Then wb.Save wb.Close End If Next wb End Sub
The above code would save and close all the workbooks (except the active one).
It uses the For Next loop to go through the collection of all the open workbooks and checks the name using the IF condition.
If the name is not the same as that of the Active workbook, it saves and closes it.
In case there is a VBA code in any of the workbooks and you haven’t saved it as .xls or .xlsm, you will see a warning (as the vba codes are lost when you save it in .xlsx format).
Example 2 – Highlight Cells with Negative Values
Suppose that you have a column full of numbers and you want to quickly highlight all the cells with negative values in red, you can do that using the below code.
Sub HighlightNegativeCells() Dim Cll As Range For Each Cll In Selection If Cll.Value < 0 Then Cll.Interior.Color = vbRed Cll.Font.Color = vbWhite End If Next Cll End Sub
The above code uses the For Each loop and checks each cell in the selection that you have made. If the cell has a value that is negative, it’s highlighted in red with white font color.
Example 3 – Hide All the Worksheet Except the Current Worksheet
In case you want to quickly hide all the worksheets except the active one, you can use the below code:
Sub HideAllExceptActiveSheet() Dim ws As Worksheet For Each ws In ThisWorkbook.Worksheets If ws.Name <> ActiveSheet.Name Then ws.Visible = xlSheetHidden Next ws End Sub
The above code uses the For Each loop to go through a collection of worksheets. It checks the name of each worksheet and hides it if it’s not the active worksheet.
Example 4 – Extract the Numeric Part from an Alphanumeric String
If you have alphanumeric strings in cells and you want to extract the numeric part from it, you can do that using the below code:
Function GetNumeric(CellRef As String) Dim StringLength As Integer StringLength = Len(CellRef) For i = 1 To StringLength If IsNumeric(Mid(CellRef, i, 1)) Then Result = Result & Mid(CellRef, i, 1) Next i GetNumeric = Result End Function
This code will create a custom function in Excel that can use within the worksheet (just like a regular function).
Where to Put the VBA Code?
Wondering where the VBA code goes in your Excel workbook?
Excel has a VBA backend called the VB editor. You need to copy and paste the code in the VB Editor module code window.
Here are the steps to do this:
- Go to the Developer tab.
- Click on Visual Basic option. This will open the VB editor in the backend.
- In the Project Explorer pane in the VB Editor, right-click on any object for the workbook in which you want to insert the code. If you don’t see the Project Explorer go to the View tab and click on Project Explorer.
- Go to Insert and click on Module. This will insert a module object for your workbook.
- Copy and paste the code in the module window.
You May Also Like the Following Excel Tutorials:
- How to Record a Macro in Excel.
- Working with Cells and Ranges in Excel VBA.
- Working with Worksheets in Excel VBA.
- Working with Workbooks in Excel VBA.
- Creating a Custom Function in Excel Using VBA.
- Excel VBA Events – An Easy (and Complete) Guide.
- Excel VBA MsgBox
- How to Run a Macro in Excel.
- How to Create and Use an Excel Add-in.
- Excel Personal Macro Workbook | Save & Use Macros in All Workbooks.
- Useful Excel Macro Examples for VBA Beginners (Ready-to-use).
- How to Use Excel VBA InStr Function (with practical EXAMPLES).