All type of formulas in excel - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

Overview of formulas in Excel

Get started on how to create formulas and use built-in functions to perform calculations and solve problems.

Important: The calculated results of formulas and some Excel worksheet functions may differ slightly between a Windows PC using x86 or x86-64 architecture and a Windows RT PC using ARM architecture. Learn more about the differences.

Important: In this article we discuss XLOOKUP and VLOOKUP, which are similar. Try using the new XLOOKUP function, an improved version of VLOOKUP that works in any direction and returns exact matches by default, making it easier and more convenient to use than its predecessor.

Create a formula that refers to values in other cells

Select a cell.
Type the equal sign =.

Note: Formulas in Excel always begin with the equal sign.
Select a cell or type its address in the selected cell.
Enter an operator. For example, – for subtraction.
Select the next cell, or type its address in the selected cell.
Press Enter. The result of the calculation appears in the cell with the formula.

See a formula

When a formula is entered into a cell, it also appears in the Formula bar.
To see a formula, select a cell, and it will appear in the formula bar.

Enter a formula that contains a built-in function

Select an empty cell.
Type an equal sign = and then type a function. For example, =SUM for getting the total sales.
Type an opening parenthesis (.
Select the range of cells, and then type a closing parenthesis).
Press Enter to get the result.

Download our Formulas tutorial workbook

We’ve put together a Get started with Formulas workbook that you can download. If you’re new to Excel, or even if you have some experience with it, you can walk through Excel’s most common formulas in this tour. With real-world examples and helpful visuals, you’ll be able to Sum, Count, Average, and Vlookup like a pro.

Formulas in-depth

You can browse through the individual sections below to learn more about specific formula elements.

A formula can also contain any or all of the following: functions, references, operators, and constants.

Parts of a formula

1. Functions: The PI() function returns the value of pi: 3.142…

2. References: A2 returns the value in cell A2.

3. Constants: Numbers or text values entered directly into a formula, such as 2.

4. Operators: The ^ (caret) operator raises a number to a power, and the * (asterisk) operator multiplies numbers.

A constant is a value that is not calculated; it always stays the same. For example, the date 10/9/2008, the number 210, and the text «Quarterly Earnings» are all constants. An expression or a value resulting from an expression is not a constant. If you use constants in a formula instead of references to cells (for example, =30+70+110), the result changes only if you modify the formula. In general, it’s best to place constants in individual cells where they can be easily changed if needed, then reference those cells in formulas.

A reference identifies a cell or a range of cells on a worksheet, and tells Excel where to look for the values or data you want to use in a formula. You can use references to use data contained in different parts of a worksheet in one formula or use the value from one cell in several formulas. You can also refer to cells on other sheets in the same workbook, and to other workbooks. References to cells in other workbooks are called links or external references.

The A1 reference style

By default, Excel uses the A1 reference style, which refers to columns with letters (A through XFD, for a total of 16,384 columns) and refers to rows with numbers (1 through 1,048,576). These letters and numbers are called row and column headings. To refer to a cell, enter the column letter followed by the row number. For example, B2 refers to the cell at the intersection of column B and row 2.

To refer to	Use
The cell in column A and row 10	A10
The range of cells in column A and rows 10 through 20	A10:A20
The range of cells in row 15 and columns B through E	B15:E15
All cells in row 5	5:5
All cells in rows 5 through 10	5:10
All cells in column H	H:H
All cells in columns H through J	H:J
The range of cells in columns A through E and rows 10 through 20	A10:E20

Making a reference to a cell or a range of cells on another worksheet in the same workbook

In the following example, the AVERAGE function calculates the average value for the range B1:B10 on the worksheet named Marketing in the same workbook.

1. Refers to the worksheet named Marketing

2. Refers to the range of cells from B1 to B10

3. The exclamation point (!) Separates the worksheet reference from the cell range reference

Note: If the referenced worksheet has spaces or numbers in it, then you need to add apostrophes (‘) before and after the worksheet name, like =’123′!A1 or =’January Revenue’!A1.
The difference between absolute, relative and mixed references
1. Relative references A relative cell reference in a formula, such as A1, is based on the relative position of the cell that contains the formula and the cell the reference refers to. If the position of the cell that contains the formula changes, the reference is changed. If you copy or fill the formula across rows or down columns, the reference automatically adjusts. By default, new formulas use relative references. For example, if you copy or fill a relative reference in cell B2 to cell B3, it automatically adjusts from =A1 to =A2.
  
  Copied formula with relative reference
2. Absolute references An absolute cell reference in a formula, such as $A$1, always refer to a cell in a specific location. If the position of the cell that contains the formula changes, the absolute reference remains the same. If you copy or fill the formula across rows or down columns, the absolute reference does not adjust. By default, new formulas use relative references, so you may need to switch them to absolute references. For example, if you copy or fill an absolute reference in cell B2 to cell B3, it stays the same in both cells: =$A$1.
  
  Copied formula with absolute reference
3. Mixed references A mixed reference has either an absolute column and relative row, or absolute row and relative column. An absolute column reference takes the form $A1, $B1, and so on. An absolute row reference takes the form A$1, B$1, and so on. If the position of the cell that contains the formula changes, the relative reference is changed, and the absolute reference does not change. If you copy or fill the formula across rows or down columns, the relative reference automatically adjusts, and the absolute reference does not adjust. For example, if you copy or fill a mixed reference from cell A2 to B3, it adjusts from =A$1 to =B$1.
  
  Copied formula with mixed reference
The 3-D reference style

Conveniently referencing multiple worksheets If you want to analyze data in the same cell or range of cells on multiple worksheets within a workbook, use a 3-D reference. A 3-D reference includes the cell or range reference, preceded by a range of worksheet names. Excel uses any worksheets stored between the starting and ending names of the reference. For example, =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet13!B5) adds all the values contained in cell B5 on all the worksheets between and including Sheet 2 and Sheet 13.
- You can use 3-D references to refer to cells on other sheets, to define names, and to create formulas by using the following functions: SUM, AVERAGE, AVERAGEA, COUNT, COUNTA, MAX, MAXA, MIN, MINA, PRODUCT, STDEV.P, STDEV.S, STDEVA, STDEVPA, VAR.P, VAR.S, VARA, and VARPA.
- 3-D references cannot be used in array formulas.
- 3-D references cannot be used with the intersection operator (a single space) or in formulas that use implicit intersection.
What occurs when you move, copy, insert, or delete worksheets The following examples explain what happens when you move, copy, insert, or delete worksheets that are included in a 3-D reference. The examples use the formula =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet6!A2:A5) to add cells A2 through A5 on worksheets 2 through 6.
- Insert or copy If you insert or copy sheets between Sheet2 and Sheet6 (the endpoints in this example), Excel includes all values in cells A2 through A5 from the added sheets in the calculations.
- Delete If you delete sheets between Sheet2 and Sheet6, Excel removes their values from the calculation.
- Move If you move sheets from between Sheet2 and Sheet6 to a location outside the referenced sheet range, Excel removes their values from the calculation.
- Move an endpoint If you move Sheet2 or Sheet6 to another location in the same workbook, Excel adjusts the calculation to accommodate the new range of sheets between them.
- Delete an endpoint If you delete Sheet2 or Sheet6, Excel adjusts the calculation to accommodate the range of sheets between them.

The R1C1 reference style

You can also use a reference style where both the rows and the columns on the worksheet are numbered. The R1C1 reference style is useful for computing row and column positions in macros. In the R1C1 style, Excel indicates the location of a cell with an «R» followed by a row number and a «C» followed by a column number.

Reference	Meaning
R[-2]C	A relative reference to the cell two rows up and in the same column
R[2]C[2]	A relative reference to the cell two rows down and two columns to the right
R2C2	An absolute reference to the cell in the second row and in the second column
R[-1]	A relative reference to the entire row above the active cell
R	An absolute reference to the current row

When you record a macro, Excel records some commands by using the R1C1 reference style. For example, if you record a command, such as clicking the AutoSum button to insert a formula that adds a range of cells, Excel records the formula by using R1C1 style, not A1 style, references.

You can turn the R1C1 reference style on or off by setting or clearing the R1C1 reference style check box under the Working with formulas section in the Formulas category of the Options dialog box. To display this dialog box, click the File tab.

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MS Excel: Formulas and Functions — Listed by Category

Learn how to use all 300+ Excel formulas and functions including worksheet functions entered in the formula bar and VBA functions used in Macros.

Worksheet formulas are built-in functions that are entered as part of a formula in a cell. These are the most basic functions used when learning Excel. VBA functions are built-in functions that are used in Excel’s programming environment called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA).

Below is a list of Excel formulas sorted by category. If you would like an alphabetical list of these formulas, click on the following button:

Sort Alphabetically

(Enter a value in the field above to quickly find functions in the list below)

Lookup/Ref Functions

ADDRESS (WS)	Returns a text representation of a cell address
AREAS (WS)	Returns the number of ranges in a reference
CHOOSE (WS, VBA)	Returns a value from a list of values based on a given position
COLUMN (WS)	Returns the column number of a cell reference
COLUMNS (WS)	Returns the number of columns in a cell reference
HLOOKUP (WS)	Performs a horizontal lookup by searching for a value in the top row of the table and returning the value in the same column based on the index_number
HYPERLINK (WS)	Creates a shortcut to a file or Internet address
INDEX (WS)	Returns either the value or the reference to a value from a table or range
INDIRECT (WS)	Returns the reference to a cell based on its string representation
LOOKUP (WS)	Returns a value from a range (one row or one column) or from an array
MATCH (WS)	Searches for a value in an array and returns the relative position of that item
OFFSET (WS)	Returns a reference to a range that is offset a number of rows and columns
ROW (WS)	Returns the row number of a cell reference
ROWS (WS)	Returns the number of rows in a cell reference
TRANSPOSE (WS)	Returns a transposed range of cells
VLOOKUP (WS)	Performs a vertical lookup by searching for a value in the first column of a table and returning the value in the same row in the index_number position
XLOOKUP (WS)	Performs a lookup (either vertical or horizontal)

String/Text Functions

ASC (VBA)	Returns ASCII value of a character
BAHTTEXT (WS)	Returns the number in Thai text
CHAR (WS)	Returns the character based on the ASCII value
CHR (VBA)	Returns the character based on the ASCII value
CLEAN (WS)	Removes all nonprintable characters from a string
CODE (WS)	Returns the ASCII value of a character or the first character in a cell
CONCAT (WS)	Used to join 2 or more strings together
CONCATENATE (WS)	Used to join 2 or more strings together (replaced by CONCAT Function)
CONCATENATE with & (WS, VBA)	Used to join 2 or more strings together using the & operator
DOLLAR (WS)	Converts a number to text, using a currency format
EXACT (WS)	Compares two strings and returns TRUE if both values are the same
FIND (WS)	Returns the location of a substring in a string (case-sensitive)
FIXED (WS)	Returns a text representation of a number rounded to a specified number of decimal places
FORMAT STRINGS (VBA)	Takes a string expression and returns it as a formatted string
INSTR (VBA)	Returns the position of the first occurrence of a substring in a string
INSTRREV (VBA)	Returns the position of the first occurrence of a string in another string, starting from the end of the string
LCASE (VBA)	Converts a string to lowercase
LEFT (WS, VBA)	Extract a substring from a string, starting from the left-most character
LEN (WS, VBA)	Returns the length of the specified string
LOWER (WS)	Converts all letters in the specified string to lowercase
LTRIM (VBA)	Removes leading spaces from a string
MID (WS, VBA)	Extracts a substring from a string (starting at any position)
NUMBERVALUE (WS)	Returns a text to a number specifying the decimal and group separators
PROPER (WS)	Sets the first character in each word to uppercase and the rest to lowercase
REPLACE (WS)	Replaces a sequence of characters in a string with another set of characters
REPLACE (VBA)	Replaces a sequence of characters in a string with another set of characters
REPT (WS)	Returns a repeated text value a specified number of times
RIGHT (WS, VBA)	Extracts a substring from a string starting from the right-most character
RTRIM (VBA)	Removes trailing spaces from a string
SEARCH (WS)	Returns the location of a substring in a string
SPACE (VBA)	Returns a string with a specified number of spaces
SPLIT (VBA)	Used to split a string into substrings based on a delimiter
STR (VBA)	Returns a string representation of a number
STRCOMP (VBA)	Returns an integer value representing the result of a string comparison
STRCONV (VBA)	Returns a string converted to uppercase, lowercase, proper case or Unicode
STRREVERSE (VBA)	Returns a string whose characters are in reverse order
SUBSTITUTE (WS)	Replaces a set of characters with another
T (WS)	Returns the text referred to by a value
TEXT (WS)	Returns a value converted to text with a specified format
TEXTJOIN (WS)	Used to join 2 or more strings together separated by a delimiter
TRIM (WS, VBA)	Returns a text value with the leading and trailing spaces removed
UCASE (VBA)	Converts a string to all uppercase
UNICHAR (WS)	Returns the Unicode character based on the Unicode number provided
UNICODE (WS)	Returns the Unicode number of a character or the first character in a string
UPPER (WS)	Convert text to all uppercase
VAL (VBA)	Returns the numbers found in a string
VALUE (WS)	Converts a text value that represents a number to a number

Date/Time Functions

DATE (WS)	Returns the serial date value for a date
DATE (VBA)	Returns the current system date
DATEADD (VBA)	Returns a date after which a certain time/date interval has been added
DATEDIF (WS)	Returns the difference between two date values, based on the interval specified
DATEDIFF (VBA)	Returns the difference between two date values, based on the interval specified
DATEPART (VBA)	Returns a specified part of a given date
DATESERIAL (VBA)	Returns a date given a year, month, and day value
DATEVALUE (WS, VBA)	Returns the serial number of a date
DAY (WS, VBA)	Returns the day of the month (a number from 1 to 31) given a date value
DAYS (WS)	Returns the number of days between 2 dates
DAYS360 (WS)	Returns the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year
EDATE (WS)	Adds a specified number of months to a date and returns the result as a serial date
EOMONTH (WS)	Calculates the last day of the month after adding a specified number of months to a date
FORMAT DATES (VBA)	Takes a date expression and returns it as a formatted string
HOUR (WS, VBA)	Returns the hours (a number from 0 to 23) from a time value
ISOWEEKNUM (WS)	Returns the ISO week number for a date
MINUTE (WS, VBA)	Returns the minutes (a number from 0 to 59) from a time value
MONTH (WS, VBA)	Returns the month (a number from 1 to 12) given a date value
MONTHNAME (VBA)	Returns a string representing the month given a number from 1 to 12
NETWORKDAYS (WS)	Returns the number of work days between 2 dates, excluding weekends and holidays
NETWORKDAYS.INTL (WS)	Returns the number of work days between 2 dates, excluding weekends and holidays
NOW (WS, VBA)	Returns the current system date and time
SECOND (WS)	Returns the seconds (a number from 0 to 59) from a time value
TIME (WS)	Returns a decimal number given an hour, minute and second value
TIMESERIAL (VBA)	Returns a time given an hour, minute, and second value
TIMEVALUE (WS, VBA)	Returns the serial number of a time
TODAY (WS)	Returns the current system date
WEEKDAY (WS, VBA)	Returns a number representing the day of the week, given a date value
WEEKDAYNAME (VBA)	Returns a string representing the day of the week given a number from 1 to 7
WEEKNUM (WS)	Returns the week number for a date
WORKDAY (WS)	Adds a specified number of work days to a date and returns the result as a serial date
WORKDAY.INTL (WS)	Adds a specified number of work days to a date and returns the result as a serial date (customizable weekends)
YEAR (WS, VBA)	Returns a four-digit year (a number from 1900 to 9999) given a date value
YEARFRAC (WS)	Returns the number of days between 2 dates as a year fraction

Math/Trig Functions

ABS (WS, VBA)	Returns the absolute value of a number
ACOS (WS)	Returns the arccosine (in radians) of a number
ACOSH (WS)	Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number
AGGREGATE (WS)	Apply functions such AVERAGE, SUM, COUNT, MAX or MIN and ignore errors or hidden rows
ASIN (WS)	Returns the arcsine (in radians) of a number
ASINH (WS)	Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number
ATAN (WS)	Returns the arctangent (in radians) of a number
ATAN2 (WS)	Returns the arctangent (in radians) of (x,y) coordinates
ATANH (WS)	Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number
ATN (VBA)	Returns the arctangent of a number
CEILING (WS)	Returns a number rounded up based on a multiple of significance
CEILING.PRECISE (WS)	Returns a number rounded up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
COMBIN (WS)	Returns the number of combinations for a specified number of items
COMBINA (WS)	Returns the number of combinations for a specified number of items and includes repetitions
COS (WS, VBA)	Returns the cosine of an angle
COSH (WS)	Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number
DEGREES (WS)	Converts radians into degrees
EVEN (WS)	Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer
EXP (WS, VBA)	Returns e raised to the nth power
FACT (WS)	Returns the factorial of a number
FIX (VBA)	Returns the integer portion of a number
FLOOR (WS)	Returns a number rounded down based on a multiple of significance
FORMAT NUMBERS (VBA)	Takes a numeric expression and returns it as a formatted string
INT (WS, VBA)	Returns the integer portion of a number
LN (WS)	Returns the natural logarithm of a number
LOG (WS)	Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base
LOG (VBA)	Returns the natural logarithm of a number
LOG10 (WS)	Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number
MDETERM (WS)	Returns the matrix determinant of an array
MINVERSE (WS)	Returns the inverse matrix for a given matrix
MMULT (WS)	Returns the matrix product of two arrays
MOD (WS)	Returns the remainder after a number is divided by a divisor
MOD (VBA)	Returns the remainder after a number is divided by a divisor
ODD (WS)	Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer
PI (WS)	Returns the mathematical constant called pi
POWER (WS)	Returns the result of a number raised to a given power
PRODUCT (WS)	Multiplies the numbers and returns the product
RADIANS (WS)	Converts degrees into radians
RAND (WS)	Returns a random number that is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1
RANDBETWEEN (WS)	Returns a random number that is between a bottom and top range
RANDOMIZE (VBA)	Used to change the seed value used by the random number generator for the RND function
RND (VBA)	Used to generate a random number (integer value)
ROMAN (WS)	Converts a number to roman numeral
ROUND (WS)	Returns a number rounded to a specified number of digits
ROUND (VBA)	Returns a number rounded to a specified number of digits
ROUNDDOWN (WS)	Returns a number rounded down to a specified number of digits
ROUNDUP (WS)	Returns a number rounded up to a specified number of digits
SGN (VBA)	Returns the sign of a number
SIGN (WS)	Returns the sign of a number
SIN (WS, VBA)	Returns the sine of an angle
SINH (WS)	Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number
SQR (VBA)	Returns the square root of a number
SQRT (WS)	Returns the square root of a number
SUBTOTAL (WS)	Returns the subtotal of the numbers in a column in a list or database
SUM (WS)	Adds all numbers in a range of cells
SUMIF (WS)	Adds all numbers in a range of cells based on one criteria
SUMIFS (WS)	Adds all numbers in a range of cells, based on a single or multiple criteria
SUMPRODUCT (WS)	Multiplies the corresponding items in the arrays and returns the sum of the results
SUMSQ (WS)	Returns the sum of the squares of a series of values
SUMX2MY2 (WS)	Returns the sum of the difference of squares between two arrays
SUMX2PY2 (WS)	Returns the sum of the squares of corresponding items in the arrays
SUMXMY2 (WS)	Returns the sum of the squares of the differences between corresponding items in the arrays
TAN (WS, VBA)	Returns the tangent of an angle
TANH (WS)	Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number
TRUNC (WS)	Returns a number truncated to a specified number of digits

Statistical Functions

AVEDEV (WS)	Returns the average of the absolute deviations of the numbers provided
AVERAGE (WS)	Returns the average of the numbers provided
AVERAGEA (WS)	Returns the average of the numbers provided and treats TRUE as 1 and FALSE as 0
AVERAGEIF (WS)	Returns the average of all numbers in a range of cells, based on a given criteria
AVERAGEIFS (WS)	Returns the average of all numbers in a range of cells, based on multiple criteria
BETA.DIST (WS)	Returns the beta distribution
BETA.INV (WS)	Returns the inverse of the cumulative beta probability density function
BETADIST (WS)	Returns the cumulative beta probability density function
BETAINV (WS)	Returns the inverse of the cumulative beta probability density function
BINOM.DIST (WS)	Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability
BINOM.INV (WS)	Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is greater than or equal to a criterion
BINOMDIST (WS)	Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability
CHIDIST (WS)	Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHIINV (WS)	Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHITEST (WS)	Returns the value from the chi-squared distribution
COUNT (WS)	Counts the number of cells that contain numbers as well as the number of arguments that contain numbers
COUNTA (WS)	Counts the number of cells that are not empty as well as the number of value arguments provided
COUNTBLANK (WS)	Counts the number of empty cells in a range
COUNTIF (WS)	Counts the number of cells in a range, that meets a given criteria
COUNTIFS (WS)	Counts the number of cells in a range, that meets a single or multiple criteria
COVAR (WS)	Returns the covariance, the average of the products of deviations for two data sets
FORECAST (WS)	Returns a prediction of a future value based on existing values provided
FREQUENCY (WS)	Returns how often values occur within a set of data. It returns a vertical array of numbers
GROWTH (WS)	Returns the predicted exponential growth based on existing values provided
INTERCEPT (WS)	Returns the y-axis intersection point of a line using x-axis values and y-axis values
LARGE (WS)	Returns the nth largest value from a set of values
LINEST (WS)	Uses the least squares method to calculate the statistics for a straight line and returns an array describing that line
MAX (WS)	Returns the largest value from the numbers provided
MAXA (WS)	Returns the largest value from the values provided (numbers, text and logical values)
MAXIFS (WS)	Returns the largest value in a range, that meets a single or multiple criteria
MEDIAN (WS)	Returns the median of the numbers provided
MIN (WS)	Returns the smallest value from the numbers provided
MINA (WS)	Returns the smallest value from the values provided (numbers, text and logical values)
MINIFS (WS)	Returns the smallest value in a range, that meets a single or multiple criteria
MODE (WS)	Returns most frequently occurring number
MODE.MULT (WS)	Returns a vertical array of the most frequently occurring numbers
MODE.SNGL (WS)	Returns most frequently occurring number
PERCENTILE (WS)	Returns the nth percentile from a set of values
PERCENTRANK (WS)	Returns the nth percentile from a set of values
PERMUT (WS)	Returns the number of permutations for a specified number of items
QUARTILE (WS)	Returns the quartile from a set of values
RANK (WS)	Returns the rank of a number within a set of numbers
SLOPE (WS)	Returns the slope of a regression line based on the data points identified by known_y_values and known_x_values
SMALL (WS)	Returns the nth smallest value from a set of values
STDEV (WS)	Returns the standard deviation of a population based on a sample of numbers
STDEVA (WS)	Returns the standard deviation of a population based on a sample of numbers, text, and logical values
STDEVP (WS)	Returns the standard deviation of a population based on an entire population of numbers
STDEVPA (WS)	Returns the standard deviation of a population based on an entire population of numbers, text, and logical values
VAR (WS)	Returns the variance of a population based on a sample of numbers
VARA (WS)	Returns the variance of a population based on a sample of numbers, text, and logical values
VARP (WS)	Returns the variance of a population based on an entire population of numbers
VARPA (WS)	Returns the variance of a population based on an entire population of numbers, text, and logical values

Logical Functions

AND (WS)	Returns TRUE if all conditions are TRUE
AND (VBA)	Returns TRUE if all conditions are TRUE
CASE (VBA)	Has the functionality of an IF-THEN-ELSE statement
FALSE (WS)	Returns a logical value of FALSE
FOR…NEXT (VBA)	Used to create a FOR LOOP
IF (WS)	Returns one value if the condition is TRUE or another value if the condition is FALSE
IF (more than 7) (WS)	Nest more than 7 IF functions
IF (up to 7) (WS)	Nest up to 7 IF functions
IF-THEN-ELSE (VBA)	Returns a value if a specified condition evaluates to TRUE or another value if it evaluates to FALSE
IFERROR (WS)	Used to return an alternate value if a formula results in an error
IFNA (WS)	Used to return an alternate value if a formula results in #N/A error
IFS (WS)	Specify multiple IF conditions within 1 function
NOT (WS)	Returns the reversed logical value
OR (WS)	Returns TRUE if any of the conditions are TRUE
OR (VBA)	Returns TRUE if any of the conditions are TRUE
SWITCH (WS)	Compares an expression to a list of values and returns the corresponding result
SWITCH (VBA)	Evaluates a list of expressions and returns the corresponding value for the first expression in the list that is TRUE
TRUE (WS)	Returns a logical value of TRUE
WHILE…WEND (VBA)	Used to create a WHILE LOOP

Information Functions

CELL (WS)	Used to retrieve information about a cell such as contents, formatting, size, etc.
ENVIRON (VBA)	Returns the value of an operating system environment variable
ERROR.TYPE (WS)	Returns the numeric representation of an Excel error
INFO (WS)	Returns information about the operating environment
ISBLANK (WS)	Used to check for blank or null values
ISDATE (VBA)	Returns TRUE if the expression is a valid date
ISEMPTY (VBA)	Used to check for blank cells or uninitialized variables
ISERR (WS)	Used to check for error values except #N/A
ISERROR (WS, VBA)	Used to check for error values
ISLOGICAL (WS)	Used to check for a logical value (TRUE or FALSE)
ISNA (WS)	Used to check for #N/A error
ISNONTEXT (WS)	Used to check for a value that is not text
ISNULL (VBA)	Used to check for a NULL value
ISNUMBER (WS)	Used to check for a numeric value
ISNUMERIC (VBA)	Used to check for a numeric value
ISREF (WS)	Used to check for a reference
ISTEXT (WS)	Used to check for a text value
N (WS)	Converts a value to a number
NA (WS)	Returns the #N/A error value
TYPE (WS)	Returns the type of a value

Financial Functions

ACCRINT (WS)	Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest on a periodic basis
ACCRINTM (WS)	Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity
AMORDEGRC (WS)	Returns the linear depreciation of an asset for each accounting period, on a prorated basis
AMORLINC (WS)	Returns the depreciation of an asset for each accounting period, on a prorated basis
DB (WS)	Returns the depreciation of an asset based on the fixed-declining balance method
DDB (WS, VBA)	Returns the depreciation of an asset based on the double-declining balance method
FV (WS, VBA)	Returns the future value of an investment
IPMT (WS, VBA)	Returns the interest payment for an investment
IRR (WS, VBA)	Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows
ISPMT (WS)	Returns the interest payment for an investment
MIRR (WS, VBA)	Returns the modified internal rate of return for a series of cash flows
NPER (WS, VBA)	Returns the number of periods for an investment
NPV (WS, VBA)	Returns the net present value of an investment
PMT (WS, VBA)	Returns the payment amount for a loan
PPMT (WS, VBA)	Returns the payment on the principal for a particular payment
PV (WS, VBA)	Returns the present value of an investment
RATE (WS, VBA)	Returns the interest rate for an annuity
SLN (WS, VBA)	Returns the depreciation of an asset based on the straight-line depreciation method
SYD (WS, VBA)	Returns the depreciation of an asset based on the sum-of-years’ digits depreciation method
VDB (WS)	Returns the depreciation of an asset based on a variable declining balance depreciation method
XIRR (WS)	Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows that may not be periodic

Database Functions

DAVERAGE (WS)	Averages all numbers in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria
DCOUNT (WS)	Returns the number of cells in a column or database that contains numeric values and meets a given criteria
DCOUNTA (WS)	Returns the number of cells in a column or database that contains nonblank values and meets a given criteria
DGET (WS)	Retrieves from a database a single record that matches a given criteria
DMAX (WS)	Returns the largest number in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria
DMIN (WS)	Returns the smallest number in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria
DPRODUCT (WS)	Returns the product of the numbers in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria
DSTDEV (WS)	Returns the standard deviation of a population based on a sample of numbers
DSTDEVP (WS)	Returns the standard deviation of a population based on the entire population of numbers
DSUM (WS)	Sums the numbers in a column or database that meets a given criteria
DVAR (WS)	Returns the variance of a population based on a sample of numbers
DVARP (WS)	Returns the variance of a population based on the entire population of numbers

Engineering Functions

BIN2DEC (WS)	Converts a binary number to a decimal number
BIN2HEX (WS)	Converts a binary number to a hexadecimal number
BIN2OCT (WS)	Converts a binary number to an octal number
COMPLEX (WS)	Converts coefficients (real and imaginary) into a complex number
CONVERT (WS)	Convert a number from one measurement unit to another measurement unit

File/Directory Functions

CHDIR (VBA)	Used to change the current directory or folder
CHDRIVE (VBA)	Used to change the current drive
CURDIR (VBA)	Returns the current path
DIR (VBA)	Returns the first filename that matches the pathname and attributes specified
FILEDATETIME (VBA)	Returns the date and time of when a file was created or last modified
FILELEN (VBA)	Returns the size of a file in bytes
GETATTR (VBA)	Returns an integer that represents the attributes of a file, folder, or directory
MKDIR (VBA)	Used to create a new folder or directory
SETATTR (VBA)	Used to set the attributes of a file

Data Type Conv. Functions

CBOOL (VBA)	Converts a value to a boolean
CBYTE (VBA)	Converts a value to a byte (ie: number between 0 and 255)
CCUR (VBA)	Converts a value to currency
CDATE (VBA)	Converts a value to a date
CDBL (VBA)	Converts a value to a double
CDEC (VBA)	Converts a value to a decimal number
CINT (VBA)	Converts a value to an integer
CLNG (VBA)	Converts a value to a long integer
CSNG (VBA)	Converts a value to a single-precision number
CSTR (VBA)	Converts a value to a string
CVAR (VBA)	Converts a value to a variant

More Lookup Functions

Other

Источник

In this post, you will find almost all excel functions and formulas in groups with short descriptions.

Function

You may find detailed information about certain formulas in our formulas section.

Lookup and Reference functions
ADDRESS	Returns a reference as text to a single cell in a worksheet
AREAS	Returns the number of areas in a reference
CHOOSE	Chooses a value from a list of values
COLUMN	Returns the column number of a reference
COLUMNS	Returns the number of columns in a reference
HLOOKUP	Looks in the top row of an array and returns the value of the indicated cell
HYPERLINK	Creates a shortcut or jump that opens a document stored on a network server, an intranet, or the Internet
INDEX	Uses an index to choose a value from a reference or array
INDIRECT	Returns a reference indicated by a text value
LOOKUP	Looks up values in a vector or array
MATCH	Looks up values in a reference or array
OFFSET	Returns a reference offset from a given reference
ROW	Returns the row number of a reference
ROWS	Returns the number of rows in a reference
RTD	Retrieves real-time data from a program that supports COM automation
TRANSPOSE	Returns the transpose of an array
VLOOKUP	Looks in the first column of an array and moves across the row to return the value of a cell
Financial functions
ACCRINT	Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest
ACCRINTM	Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity
AMORDEGRC	Returns the depreciation for each accounting period by using a depreciation coefficient
AMORLINC	Returns the depreciation for each accounting period
COUPDAYBS	Returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date
COUPDAYS	Returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date
COUPDAYSNC	Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date
COUPNCD	Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date
COUPNUM	Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and maturity date
COUPPCD	Returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date
CUMIPMT	Returns the cumulative interest paid between two periods
CUMPRINC	Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods
DB	Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the fixed-declining balance method
DDB	Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the double-declining balance method or some other method you specify
DISC	Returns the discount rate for a security
DOLLARDE	Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number
DOLLARFR	Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number, into a dollar price, expressed as a fraction
DURATION	Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments
EFFECT	Returns the effective annual interest rate
FV	Returns the future value of an investment
FVSCHEDULE	Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series of compound interest rates
INTRATE	Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security
IPMT	Returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period
IRR	Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows
ISPMT	Calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment
MDURATION	Returns the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed par value of $100
MIRR	Returns the internal rate of return where positive and negative cash flows are financed at different rates
NOMINAL	Returns the annual nominal interest rate
NPER	Returns the number of periods for an investment
NPV	Returns the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate
ODDFPRICE	Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period
ODDFYIELD	Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period
ODDLPRICE	Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period
ODDLYIELD	Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period
PMT	Returns the periodic payment for an annuity
PPMT	Returns the payment on the principal for an investment for a given period
PRICE	Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest
PRICEDISC	Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security
PRICEMAT	Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity
PV	Returns the present value of an investment
RATE	Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity
RECEIVED	Returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security
SLN	Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period
SYD	Returns the sum-of-years’ digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period
TBILLEQ	Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill
TBILLPRICE	Returns the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill
TBILLYIELD	Returns the yield for a Treasury bill
VDB	Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period using a declining balance method
XIRR	Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic
XNPV	Returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic
YIELD	Returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest
YIELDDISC	Returns the annual yield for a discounted security; for example, a Treasury bill
YIELDMAT	Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity
Date and Time functions
DATE	Returns the serial number of a particular date
DATEVALUE	Converts a date in the form of text to a serial number
DAY	Converts a serial number to a day of the month
DAYS360	Calculates the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year
EDATE	Returns the serial number of the date that is the indicated number of months before or after the start date
EOMONTH	Returns the serial number of the last day of the month before or after a specified number of months
HOUR	Converts a serial number to an hour
MINUTE	Converts a serial number to a minute
MONTH	Converts a serial number to a month
NETWORKDAYS	Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates
NOW	Returns the serial number of the current date and time
SECOND	Converts a serial number to a second
TIME	Returns the serial number of a particular time
TIMEVALUE	Converts a time in the form of text to a serial number
TODAY	Returns the serial number of today’s date
WEEKDAY	Converts a serial number to a day of the week
WEEKNUM	Converts a serial number to a number representing where the week falls numerically with a year
WORKDAY	Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays
YEAR	Converts a serial number to a year
YEARFRAC	Returns the year fraction representing the number of whole days between start_date and end_date
Math and Trigonometry functions
ABS	Returns the absolute value of a number
ACOS	Returns the arccosine of a number
ACOSH	Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number
ASIN	Returns the arcsine of a number
ASINH	Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number
ATAN	Returns the arctangent of a number
ATAN2	Returns the arctangent from x- and y-coordinates
ATANH	Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number
CEILING	Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
COMBIN	Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objects
COS	Returns the cosine of a number
COSH	Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number
DEGREES	Converts radians to degrees
EVEN	Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer
EXP	Returns e raised to the power of a given number
FACT	Returns the factorial of a number
FACTDOUBLE	Returns the double factorial of a number
FLOOR	Rounds a number down, toward zero
GCD	Returns the greatest common divisor
INT	Rounds a number down to the nearest integer
LCM	Returns the least common multiple
LN	Returns the natural logarithm of a number
LOG	Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base
LOG10	Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number
MDETERM	Returns the matrix determinant of an array
MINVERSE	Returns the matrix inverse of an array
MMULT	Returns the matrix product of two arrays
MOD	Returns the remainder from division
MROUND	Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple
MULTINOMIAL	Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers
ODD	Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer
PI	Returns the value of pi
POWER	Returns the result of a number raised to a power
PRODUCT	Multiplies its arguments
QUOTIENT	Returns the integer portion of a division
RADIANS	Converts degrees to radians
RAND	Returns a random number between 0 and 1
RANDBETWEEN	Returns a random number between the numbers you specify
ROMAN	Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as text
ROUND	Rounds a number to a specified number of digits
ROUNDDOWN	Rounds a number down, toward zero
ROUNDUP	Rounds a number up, away from zero
SERIESSUM	Returns the sum of a power series based on the formula
SIGN	Returns the sign of a number
SIN	Returns the sine of the given angle
SINH	Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number
SQRT	Returns a positive square root
SQRTPI	Returns the square root of (number * pi)
SUBTOTAL	Returns a subtotal in a list or database
SUM	Adds its arguments
SUMIF	Adds the cells specified by a given criteria
SUMPRODUCT	Returns the sum of the products of corresponding array components
SUMSQ	Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments
SUMX2MY2	Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMX2PY2	Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMXMY2	Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays
TAN	Returns the tangent of a number
TANH	Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number
TRUNC	Truncates a number to an integer
Statistical functions
AVEDEV	Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean
AVERAGE	Returns the average of its arguments
AVERAGEA	Returns the average of its arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
BETADIST	Returns the beta cumulative distribution function
BETAINV	Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution
BINOMDIST	Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability
CHIDIST	Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHIINV	Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHITEST	Returns the test for independence
CONFIDENCE	Returns the confidence interval for a population mean
CORREL	Returns the correlation coefficient between two data sets
COUNT	Counts how many numbers are in the list of arguments
COUNTA	Counts how many values are in the list of arguments
COUNTBLANK	Counts the number of blank cells within a range
COUNTIF	Counts the number of nonblank cells within a range that meet the given criteria
COVAR	Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations
CRITBINOM	Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value
DEVSQ	Returns the sum of squares of deviations
EXPONDIST	Returns the exponential distribution
FDIST	Returns the F probability distribution
FINV	Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution
FISHER	Returns the Fisher transformation
FISHERINV	Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation
FORECAST	Returns a value along a linear trend
FREQUENCY	Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical array
FTEST	Returns the result of an F-test
GAMMADIST	Returns the gamma distribution
GAMMAINV	Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution
GAMMALN	Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x)
GEOMEAN	Returns the geometric mean
GROWTH	Returns values along an exponential trend
HARMEAN	Returns the harmonic mean
HYPGEOMDIST	Returns the hypergeometric distribution
INTERCEPT	Returns the intercept of the linear regression line
KURT	Returns the kurtosis of a data set
LARGE	Returns the k-th largest value in a data set
LINEST	Returns the parameters of a linear trend
LOGEST	Returns the parameters of an exponential trend
LOGINV	Returns the inverse of the lognormal distribution
LOGNORMDIST	Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution
MAX	Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments
MAXA	Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
MEDIAN	Returns the median of the given numbers
MIN	Returns the minimum value in a list of arguments
MINA	Returns the smallest value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
MODE	Returns the most common value in a data set
NEGBINOMDIST	Returns the negative binomial distribution
NORMDIST	Returns the normal cumulative distribution
NORMINV	Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution
NORMSDIST	Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution
NORMSINV	Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution
PEARSON	Returns the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
PERCENTILE	Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range
PERCENTRANK	Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set
PERMUT	Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects
POISSON	Returns the Poisson distribution
PROB	Returns the probability that values in a range are between two limits
QUARTILE	Returns the quartile of a data set
RANK	Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers
RSQ	Returns the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
SKEW	Returns the skewness of a distribution
SLOPE	Returns the slope of the linear regression line
SMALL	Returns the k-th smallest value in a data set
STANDARDIZE	Returns a normalized value
STDEV	Estimates standard deviation based on a sample
STDEVA	Estimates standard deviation based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values
STDEVP	Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population
STDEVPA	Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values
STEYX	Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression
TDIST	Returns the Student’s t-distribution
TINV	Returns the inverse of the Student’s t-distribution
TREND	Returns values along a linear trend
TRIMMEAN	Returns the mean of the interior of a data set
TTEST	Returns the probability associated with a Student’s t-test
VAR	Estimates variance based on a sample
VARA	Estimates variance based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values
VARP	Calculates variance based on the entire population
VARPA	Calculates variance based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values
WEIBULL	Returns the Weibull distribution
ZTEST	Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test
Database and List Management functions
DAVERAGE	Returns the average of selected database entries
DCOUNT	Counts the cells that contain numbers in a database
DCOUNTA	Counts nonblank cells in a database
DGET	Extracts from a database a single record that matches the specified criteria
DMAX	Returns the maximum value from selected database entries
DMIN	Returns the minimum value from selected database entries
DPRODUCT	Multiplies the values in a particular field of records that match the criteria in a database
DSTDEV	Estimates the standard deviation based on a sample of selected database entries
DSTDEVP	Calculates the standard deviation based on the entire population of selected database entries
DSUM	Adds the numbers in the field column of records in the database that match the criteria
DVAR	Estimates variance based on a sample from selected database entries
DVARP	Calculates variance based on the entire population of selected database entries
GETPIVOTDATA	Returns data stored in a PivotTable
Text and Data functions
ASC	Changes full-width (double-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to half-width (single-byte) characters
BAHTTEXT	Converts a number to text, using the ß (baht) currency format
CHAR	Returns the character specified by the code number
CLEAN	Removes all nonprintable characters from text
CODE	Returns a numeric code for the first character in a text string
CONCATENATE	Joins several text items into one text item
DOLLAR	Converts a number to text, using the $ (dollar) currency format
EXACT	Checks to see if two text values are identical
FIND	Finds one text value within another (case-sensitive)
FIXED	Formats a number as text with a fixed number of decimals
JIS	Changes half-width (single-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to full-width (double-byte) characters
LEFT	Returns the leftmost characters from a text value
LEN	Returns the number of characters in a text string
LOWER	Converts text to lowercase
MID	Returns a specific number of characters from a text string starting at the position you specify
PHONETIC	Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters from a text string
PROPER	Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a text value
REPLACE	Replaces characters within text
REPT	Repeats text a given number of times
RIGHT	Returns the rightmost characters from a text value
SEARCH	Finds one text value within another (not case-sensitive)
SUBSTITUTE	Substitutes new text for old text in a text string
T	Converts its arguments to text
TEXT	Formats a number and converts it to text
TRIM	Removes spaces from text
UPPER	Converts text to uppercase
VALUE	Converts a text argument to a number
Logical functions
AND	Returns TRUE if all its arguments are TRUE
FALSE	Returns the logical value FALSE
IF	Specifies a logical test to perform
NOT	Reverses the logic of its argument
OR	Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE
TRUE	Returns the logical value TRUE
Information functions
CELL	Returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell
ERROR.TYPE	Returns a number corresponding to an error type
INFO	Returns information about the current operating environment
ISBLANK	Returns TRUE if the value is blank
ISERR	Returns TRUE if the value is any error value except #N/A
ISERROR	Returns TRUE if the value is any error value
ISEVEN	Returns TRUE if the number is even
ISLOGICAL	Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value
ISNA	Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value
ISNONTEXT	Returns TRUE if the value is not text
ISNUMBER	Returns TRUE if the value is a number
ISODD	Returns TRUE if the number is odd
ISREF	Returns TRUE if the value is a reference
ISTEXT	Returns TRUE if the value is text
N	Returns a value converted to a number
NA	Returns the error value #N/A
TYPE	Returns a number indicating the data type of a value
Engineering functions
BESSELI	Returns the modified Bessel function In(x)
BESSELJ	Returns the Bessel function Jn(x)
BESSELK	Returns the modified Bessel function Kn(x)
BESSELY	Returns the Bessel function Yn(x)
BIN2DEC	Converts a binary number to decimal
BIN2HEX	Converts a binary number to hexadecimal
BIN2OCT	Converts a binary number to octal
COMPLEX	Converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number
CONVERT	Converts a number from one measurement system to another
DEC2BIN	Converts a decimal number to binary
DEC2HEX	Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal
DEC2OCT	Converts a decimal number to octal
DELTA	Tests whether two values are equal
ERF	Returns the error function
ERFC	Returns the complementary error function
GESTEP	Tests whether a number is greater than a threshold value
HEX2BIN	Converts a hexadecimal number to binary
HEX2DEC	Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal
HEX2OCT	Converts a hexadecimal number to octal
IMABS	Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number
IMAGINARY	Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number
IMARGUMENT	Returns the argument theta, an angle expressed in radians
IMCONJUGATE	Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number
IMCOS	Returns the cosine of a complex number
IMDIV	Returns the quotient of two complex numbers
IMEXP	Returns the exponential of a complex number
IMLN	Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number
IMLOG10	Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number
IMLOG2	Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number
IMPOWER	Returns a complex number raised to an integer power
IMPRODUCT	Returns the product of from 2 to 29 complex numbers
IMREAL	Returns the real coefficient of a complex number
IMSIN	Returns the sine of a complex number
IMSQRT	Returns the square root of a complex number
IMSUB	Returns the difference between two complex numbers
IMSUM	Returns the sum of complex numbers
OCT2BIN	Converts an octal number to binary
OCT2DEC	Converts an octal number to decimal
OCT2HEX	Converts an octal number to hexadecimal

Lookup and Reference functions
ADDRESS	Returns a reference as text to a single cell in a worksheet
AREAS	Returns the number of areas in a reference
CHOOSE	Chooses a value from a list of values
COLUMN	Returns the column number of a reference
COLUMNS	Returns the number of columns in a reference
HLOOKUP	Looks in the top row of an array and returns the value of the indicated cell
HYPERLINK	Creates a shortcut or jump that opens a document stored on a network server, an intranet, or the Internet
INDEX	Uses an index to choose a value from a reference or array
INDIRECT	Returns a reference indicated by a text value
LOOKUP	Looks up values in a vector or array
MATCH	Looks up values in a reference or array
OFFSET	Returns a reference offset from a given reference
ROW	Returns the row number of a reference
ROWS	Returns the number of rows in a reference
RTD	Retrieves real-time data from a program that supports COM automation
TRANSPOSE	Returns the transpose of an array
VLOOKUP	Looks in the first column of an array and moves across the row to return the value of a cell
Financial functions
ACCRINT	Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest
ACCRINTM	Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity
AMORDEGRC	Returns the depreciation for each accounting period by using a depreciation coefficient
AMORLINC	Returns the depreciation for each accounting period
COUPDAYBS	Returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date
COUPDAYS	Returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date
COUPDAYSNC	Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date
COUPNCD	Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date
COUPNUM	Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and maturity date
COUPPCD	Returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date
CUMIPMT	Returns the cumulative interest paid between two periods
CUMPRINC	Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods
DB	Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the fixed-declining balance method
DDB	Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the double-declining balance method or some other method you specify
DISC	Returns the discount rate for a security
DOLLARDE	Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number
DOLLARFR	Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number, into a dollar price, expressed as a fraction
DURATION	Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments
EFFECT	Returns the effective annual interest rate
FV	Returns the future value of an investment
FVSCHEDULE	Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series of compound interest rates
INTRATE	Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security
IPMT	Returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period
IRR	Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows
ISPMT	Calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment
MDURATION	Returns the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed par value of $100
MIRR	Returns the internal rate of return where positive and negative cash flows are financed at different rates
NOMINAL	Returns the annual nominal interest rate
NPER	Returns the number of periods for an investment
NPV	Returns the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate
ODDFPRICE	Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period
ODDFYIELD	Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period
ODDLPRICE	Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period
ODDLYIELD	Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period
PMT	Returns the periodic payment for an annuity
PPMT	Returns the payment on the principal for an investment for a given period
PRICE	Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest
PRICEDISC	Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security
PRICEMAT	Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity
PV	Returns the present value of an investment
RATE	Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity
RECEIVED	Returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security
SLN	Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period
SYD	Returns the sum-of-years’ digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period
TBILLEQ	Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill
TBILLPRICE	Returns the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill
TBILLYIELD	Returns the yield for a Treasury bill
VDB	Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period using a declining balance method
XIRR	Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic
XNPV	Returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic
YIELD	Returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest
YIELDDISC	Returns the annual yield for a discounted security; for example, a Treasury bill
YIELDMAT	Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity
Date and Time functions
DATE	Returns the serial number of a particular date
DATEVALUE	Converts a date in the form of text to a serial number
DAY	Converts a serial number to a day of the month
DAYS360	Calculates the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year
EDATE	Returns the serial number of the date that is the indicated number of months before or after the start date
EOMONTH	Returns the serial number of the last day of the month before or after a specified number of months
HOUR	Converts a serial number to an hour
MINUTE	Converts a serial number to a minute
MONTH	Converts a serial number to a month
NETWORKDAYS	Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates
NOW	Returns the serial number of the current date and time
SECOND	Converts a serial number to a second
TIME	Returns the serial number of a particular time
TIMEVALUE	Converts a time in the form of text to a serial number
TODAY	Returns the serial number of today’s date
WEEKDAY	Converts a serial number to a day of the week
WEEKNUM	Converts a serial number to a number representing where the week falls numerically with a year
WORKDAY	Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays
YEAR	Converts a serial number to a year
YEARFRAC	Returns the year fraction representing the number of whole days between start_date and end_date
Math and Trigonometry functions
ABS	Returns the absolute value of a number
ACOS	Returns the arccosine of a number
ACOSH	Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number
ASIN	Returns the arcsine of a number
ASINH	Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number
ATAN	Returns the arctangent of a number
ATAN2	Returns the arctangent from x- and y-coordinates
ATANH	Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number
CEILING	Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
COMBIN	Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objects
COS	Returns the cosine of a number
COSH	Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number
DEGREES	Converts radians to degrees
EVEN	Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer
EXP	Returns e raised to the power of a given number
FACT	Returns the factorial of a number
FACTDOUBLE	Returns the double factorial of a number
FLOOR	Rounds a number down, toward zero
GCD	Returns the greatest common divisor
INT	Rounds a number down to the nearest integer
LCM	Returns the least common multiple
LN	Returns the natural logarithm of a number
LOG	Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base
LOG10	Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number
MDETERM	Returns the matrix determinant of an array
MINVERSE	Returns the matrix inverse of an array
MMULT	Returns the matrix product of two arrays
MOD	Returns the remainder from division
MROUND	Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple
MULTINOMIAL	Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers
ODD	Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer
PI	Returns the value of pi
POWER	Returns the result of a number raised to a power
PRODUCT	Multiplies its arguments
QUOTIENT	Returns the integer portion of a division
RADIANS	Converts degrees to radians
RAND	Returns a random number between 0 and 1
RANDBETWEEN	Returns a random number between the numbers you specify
ROMAN	Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as text
ROUND	Rounds a number to a specified number of digits
ROUNDDOWN	Rounds a number down, toward zero
ROUNDUP	Rounds a number up, away from zero
SERIESSUM	Returns the sum of a power series based on the formula
SIGN	Returns the sign of a number
SIN	Returns the sine of the given angle
SINH	Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number
SQRT	Returns a positive square root
SQRTPI	Returns the square root of (number * pi)
SUBTOTAL	Returns a subtotal in a list or database
SUM	Adds its arguments
SUMIF	Adds the cells specified by a given criteria
SUMPRODUCT	Returns the sum of the products of corresponding array components
SUMSQ	Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments
SUMX2MY2	Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMX2PY2	Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMXMY2	Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays
TAN	Returns the tangent of a number
TANH	Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number
TRUNC	Truncates a number to an integer
Statistical functions
AVEDEV	Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean
AVERAGE	Returns the average of its arguments
AVERAGEA	Returns the average of its arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
BETADIST	Returns the beta cumulative distribution function
BETAINV	Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution
BINOMDIST	Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability
CHIDIST	Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHIINV	Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHITEST	Returns the test for independence
CONFIDENCE	Returns the confidence interval for a population mean
CORREL	Returns the correlation coefficient between two data sets
COUNT	Counts how many numbers are in the list of arguments
COUNTA	Counts how many values are in the list of arguments
COUNTBLANK	Counts the number of blank cells within a range
COUNTIF	Counts the number of nonblank cells within a range that meet the given criteria
COVAR	Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations
CRITBINOM	Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value
DEVSQ	Returns the sum of squares of deviations
EXPONDIST	Returns the exponential distribution
FDIST	Returns the F probability distribution
FINV	Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution
FISHER	Returns the Fisher transformation
FISHERINV	Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation
FORECAST	Returns a value along a linear trend
FREQUENCY	Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical array
FTEST	Returns the result of an F-test
GAMMADIST	Returns the gamma distribution
GAMMAINV	Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution
GAMMALN	Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x)
GEOMEAN	Returns the geometric mean
GROWTH	Returns values along an exponential trend
HARMEAN	Returns the harmonic mean
HYPGEOMDIST	Returns the hypergeometric distribution
INTERCEPT	Returns the intercept of the linear regression line
KURT	Returns the kurtosis of a data set
LARGE	Returns the k-th largest value in a data set
LINEST	Returns the parameters of a linear trend
LOGEST	Returns the parameters of an exponential trend
LOGINV	Returns the inverse of the lognormal distribution
LOGNORMDIST	Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution
MAX	Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments
MAXA	Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
MEDIAN	Returns the median of the given numbers
MIN	Returns the minimum value in a list of arguments
MINA	Returns the smallest value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
MODE	Returns the most common value in a data set
NEGBINOMDIST	Returns the negative binomial distribution
NORMDIST	Returns the normal cumulative distribution
NORMINV	Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution
NORMSDIST	Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution
NORMSINV	Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution
PEARSON	Returns the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
PERCENTILE	Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range
PERCENTRANK	Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set
PERMUT	Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects
POISSON	Returns the Poisson distribution
PROB	Returns the probability that values in a range are between two limits
QUARTILE	Returns the quartile of a data set
RANK	Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers
RSQ	Returns the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
SKEW	Returns the skewness of a distribution
SLOPE	Returns the slope of the linear regression line
SMALL	Returns the k-th smallest value in a data set
STANDARDIZE	Returns a normalized value
STDEV	Estimates standard deviation based on a sample
STDEVA	Estimates standard deviation based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values
STDEVP	Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population
STDEVPA	Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values
STEYX	Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression
TDIST	Returns the Student’s t-distribution
TINV	Returns the inverse of the Student’s t-distribution
TREND	Returns values along a linear trend
TRIMMEAN	Returns the mean of the interior of a data set
TTEST	Returns the probability associated with a Student’s t-test
VAR	Estimates variance based on a sample
VARA	Estimates variance based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values
VARP	Calculates variance based on the entire population
VARPA	Calculates variance based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values
WEIBULL	Returns the Weibull distribution
ZTEST	Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test
Database and List Management functions
DAVERAGE	Returns the average of selected database entries
DCOUNT	Counts the cells that contain numbers in a database
DCOUNTA	Counts nonblank cells in a database
DGET	Extracts from a database a single record that matches the specified criteria
DMAX	Returns the maximum value from selected database entries
DMIN	Returns the minimum value from selected database entries
DPRODUCT	Multiplies the values in a particular field of records that match the criteria in a database
DSTDEV	Estimates the standard deviation based on a sample of selected database entries
DSTDEVP	Calculates the standard deviation based on the entire population of selected database entries
DSUM	Adds the numbers in the field column of records in the database that match the criteria
DVAR	Estimates variance based on a sample from selected database entries
DVARP	Calculates variance based on the entire population of selected database entries
GETPIVOTDATA	Returns data stored in a PivotTable
Text and Data functions
ASC	Changes full-width (double-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to half-width (single-byte) characters
BAHTTEXT	Converts a number to text, using the ß (baht) currency format
CHAR	Returns the character specified by the code number
CLEAN	Removes all nonprintable characters from text
CODE	Returns a numeric code for the first character in a text string
CONCATENATE	Joins several text items into one text item
DOLLAR	Converts a number to text, using the $ (dollar) currency format
EXACT	Checks to see if two text values are identical
FIND	Finds one text value within another (case-sensitive)
FIXED	Formats a number as text with a fixed number of decimals
JIS	Changes half-width (single-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to full-width (double-byte) characters
LEFT	Returns the leftmost characters from a text value
LEN	Returns the number of characters in a text string
LOWER	Converts text to lowercase
MID	Returns a specific number of characters from a text string starting at the position you specify
PHONETIC	Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters from a text string
PROPER	Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a text value
REPLACE	Replaces characters within text
REPT	Repeats text a given number of times
RIGHT	Returns the rightmost characters from a text value
SEARCH	Finds one text value within another (not case-sensitive)
SUBSTITUTE	Substitutes new text for old text in a text string
T	Converts its arguments to text
TEXT	Formats a number and converts it to text
TRIM	Removes spaces from text
UPPER	Converts text to uppercase
VALUE	Converts a text argument to a number
Logical functions
AND	Returns TRUE if all its arguments are TRUE
FALSE	Returns the logical value FALSE
IF	Specifies a logical test to perform
NOT	Reverses the logic of its argument
OR	Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE
TRUE	Returns the logical value TRUE
Information functions
CELL	Returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell
ERROR.TYPE	Returns a number corresponding to an error type
INFO	Returns information about the current operating environment
ISBLANK	Returns TRUE if the value is blank
ISERR	Returns TRUE if the value is any error value except #N/A
ISERROR	Returns TRUE if the value is any error value
ISEVEN	Returns TRUE if the number is even
ISLOGICAL	Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value
ISNA	Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value
ISNONTEXT	Returns TRUE if the value is not text
ISNUMBER	Returns TRUE if the value is a number
ISODD	Returns TRUE if the number is odd
ISREF	Returns TRUE if the value is a reference
ISTEXT	Returns TRUE if the value is text
N	Returns a value converted to a number
NA	Returns the error value #N/A
TYPE	Returns a number indicating the data type of a value
Engineering functions
BESSELI	Returns the modified Bessel function In(x)
BESSELJ	Returns the Bessel function Jn(x)
BESSELK	Returns the modified Bessel function Kn(x)
BESSELY	Returns the Bessel function Yn(x)
BIN2DEC	Converts a binary number to decimal
BIN2HEX	Converts a binary number to hexadecimal
BIN2OCT	Converts a binary number to octal
COMPLEX	Converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number
CONVERT	Converts a number from one measurement system to another
DEC2BIN	Converts a decimal number to binary
DEC2HEX	Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal
DEC2OCT	Converts a decimal number to octal
DELTA	Tests whether two values are equal
ERF	Returns the error function
ERFC	Returns the complementary error function
GESTEP	Tests whether a number is greater than a threshold value
HEX2BIN	Converts a hexadecimal number to binary
HEX2DEC	Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal
HEX2OCT	Converts a hexadecimal number to octal
IMABS	Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number
IMAGINARY	Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number
IMARGUMENT	Returns the argument theta, an angle expressed in radians
IMCONJUGATE	Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number
IMCOS	Returns the cosine of a complex number
IMDIV	Returns the quotient of two complex numbers
IMEXP	Returns the exponential of a complex number
IMLN	Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number
IMLOG10	Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number
IMLOG2	Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number
IMPOWER	Returns a complex number raised to an integer power
IMPRODUCT	Returns the product of from 2 to 29 complex numbers
IMREAL	Returns the real coefficient of a complex number
IMSIN	Returns the sine of a complex number
IMSQRT	Returns the square root of a complex number
IMSUB	Returns the difference between two complex numbers
IMSUM	Returns the sum of complex numbers
OCT2BIN	Converts an octal number to binary
OCT2DEC	Converts an octal number to decimal
OCT2HEX	Converts an octal number to hexadecimal

Источник

This is the list of all functions in Excel with a definition
of what they do.

The basics can be found
here for function on numbers,
here for functions on words.

A Formula is an expression that you create and which
calculates the value of a cell.

A Function is a predefined formula and is already available
in Excel (like Sinus, Logarithm, PMT, …) All the functions are listed here under.

In complex formulas, naming the cells is essential. Look
here how this is done. How to use the
name manager and have a readable spreadsheet.

Date and Time Functions
Lookup and reference function
Engineering Functions
Financial Functions
Logical Functions
Text Functions
Math and trigonometry functions
Statistical functions
Database function
Information functions

Date and time functions

Date and Time functions help you deal with dates and durations, and
birthdays and days until birthday, etc….. Beware it works only from 1
January 1900….. if you want to deal with the real past, then special tricks
and add in are needed.

DATE: The serial number of a particular date

DATEVALUE: Converts a date in the form of text to a serial number

DAY: Converts a serial number to a day of the month

DAYS360: Calculates the number of days between two dates based on a
360-day year

EDATE: The serial number of the date that is the indicated number of
months before or after the start date

EOMONTH: The serial number of the last day of the month before or after a
specified number of months

HOUR: Converts a serial number to an hour

MINUTE: Converts a serial number to a minute

MONTH: Converts a serial number to a month

NETWORKDAYS: The number of whole workdays between two dates

NOW: The serial number of the current date and time

SECOND: Converts a serial number to a second

TIME: The serial number of a particular time

TIMEVALUE: Converts a time in the form of text to a serial number

TODAY: The serial number of today’s date

WEEKDAY: Converts a serial number to a day of the week

WEEKNUM: Converts a serial number to a number representing where the week
falls numerically with a year

WORKDAY: The serial number of the date before or after a specified number
of workdays

YEAR: Converts a serial number to a year

YEARFRAC: The year fraction representing the number of whole days between
start_date and end_date

Lookup and reference function

In these functions, the most useful are VLookup and HLookup which allow
you to find items in rows or columns.

ADDRESS: A reference as text to a single cell in a worksheet:

AREAS: The number of areas in a reference (not so used)

CHOOSE: Chooses a value from a list of values

COLUMN: The column number of a reference

COLUMNS: The number of columns in a reference

GETPIVOTDATA: data stored in a PivotTable

HLOOKUP: Looks in the top row of an array and returns the value of the
indicated cell

HYPERLINK: Creates a shortcut or jump that opens a document stored on a
network server, an intranet, or the Internet

INDEX: Uses an index to choose a value from a reference or array

INDIRECT: A reference indicated by a text value.
Find the value of a cell by indicating its address in text form. Extremely useful.

LOOKUP: Looks up values in a vector or array

MATCH: Looks up values in a reference or array

OFFSET: A reference offset from a given reference. Here a good example to find the number of days in a month.

ROW: The row number of a reference

ROWS: The number of rows in a reference

RTD: Retrieves real-time data from a program that supports COM automation

TRANSPOSE: The transpose of an array

VLOOKUP: Looks in the first column of an array and moves across the row
to return the value of a cell

Logical functions or Boolean functions

Logical Functions are here to test statements like is this AND that both
TRUE and if this is the case then DO something…

AND: TRUE if all of its arguments are TRUE

FALSE: The logical value FALSE

IF: Specifies a logical test to perform

IFERROR: Handle if there is an error

NOT: Reverses the logic of its argument

OR: TRUE if any argument is TRUE

TRUE: The logical value TRUE

Text functions

These functions allow you to juggle with text. To convert, to extract, to
concatenate, to add and remove text from sentences, etc….Extremely useful.

ASC: Changes full-width (double-byte) English letters or katakana within
a character string to half-width (single-byte) characters

BAHTTEXT: Converts a number to text, using the ß (baht) currency format

CHAR: The character specified by the code number

CLEAN: Removes all nonprintable characters from text

CODE: A numeric code for the first character in a text string

CONCATENATE: Joins several text items into one text item. Second example of CONCATENATE in Excel is here.

DOLLAR: Converts a number to text, using the $ (dollar) currency format

EXACT: Checks to see if two text values are identical

FIND: Finds one text value within another (case-sensitive). Here another example.

FIXED: Formats a number as text with a fixed number of decimals

JIS: Changes half-width (single-byte) English letters or katakana within
a character string to full-width (double-byte) characters

LEFT(): The left most characters from a text value. Here some more on LEFT, LEFTB

LEN function: The number of characters in a text string, some other example of the LEN, LENB

LOWER: Converts text to lowercase. Another example for change to Lowercase is here.

MID, MIDB: A specific number of characters from a text string starting at
the position you specify. Here another example of MID, MIDB

PHONETIC: Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters from a text string

PROPER: Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a text value

REPLACE, REPLACEB: Replaces characters within text

REPT: Repeats text a given number of times

RIGHT(): The rightmost characters from a text value: another example of RIGHT, RIGHTB

SEARCH, SEARCHB: Finds one text value within another (not case-sensitive). Another example here of the Search() function.

SUBSTITUTE: Substitutes new text for old text in a text string

T: Converts its arguments to text

TEXT: Formats a number and converts it to text

TRIM: Removes spaces from text

UPPER: Converts text to uppercase. Another example for changing to upper case in Excel is here.

VALUE: Converts a text argument to a number

Math and trigonometry functions

The math and trigonometry function are useful from early age math classes
for every student…. so use them wisely. You can trig, log, factorise and
inverse plus many more….

ABS: The absolute value of a number

ACOS: The arccosine of a number

ACOSH: The inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number

ACOT: inverse of the COT function

ACOTH: inverse hyperbolic cotangent of a number

ASIN: The arcsine of a number

ASINH: The inverse hyperbolic sine of a number

ATAN: The arctangent of a number

ATAN2: The arctangent from x- and y-coordinates

ATANH: The inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number

CSCH: Hyperbolic cosine of the number

CEILING: Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest
multiple of significance

COMBIN: The number of combinations for a given number of objects

COS: The cosine of an angle

COSH: The hyperbolic cosine of an angle

COT: returns the Cotangent of the angle

COTH: Hyperbolic cotangent of a number

CSC: Cosecant of an angle

DEGREES: Converts radians to degrees

EVEN: Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer

EXP: e raised to the power of a given number

FACT: The factorial of a number

FACTDOUBLE: The double factorial of a number

FLOOR: Rounds a number down, toward zero

GCD: The greatest common divisor

INT: Rounds a number down to the nearest integer

ISEVEN: boolean that determines if a number is even or odd

ISODD: boolean that determine if a number is odd (1, true) or even (0, false)

LCM: The least common multiple

LN: The natural logarithm of a number

LOG: The logarithm of a number to a specified base

LOG10: The base-10 logarithm of a number

MDETERM: The matrix determinant of an array

MINVERSE: The matrix inverse of an array

MMULT: The matrix product of two arrays

MOD: The remainder from division

MROUND: A number rounded to the desired multiple

MULTINOMIAL: The multinomial of a set of numbers

ODD: Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer

PI: The value of pi. Used as PI().

POWER: The result of a number raised to a power

PRODUCT: Multiplies its arguments

QUOTIENT: The integer portion of a division

RADIANS: Converts degrees to radians

RAND: A random number between 0 and 1

RANDBETWEEN: A random number between the numbers you specify

ROMAN: Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as text

ROUND: Rounds a number to a specified number of digits

ROUNDDOWN: Rounds a number down, toward zero

ROUNDUP: Rounds a number up, away from zero

SEC: calculate the secant of an angle

SECH: Hyperbolic secant of the number

SERIESSUM: The sum of a power series based on the formula

SIGN: The sign of a number

SIN: The sine of the given angle

SINH: The hyperbolic sine of an angle

SQRT: A positive square root

SQRTPI: The square root of (number * pi)

SUBTOTAL: A subtotal in a list or database. Another example of Subtotal in Excel is here.

SUM: Adds its arguments

SUMIF: Adds the cells specified by a given criteria

SUMIFS: Adds the cells specified by more than one given criteria

SUMPRODUCT: The sum of the products of corresponding array components

SUMSQ: The sum of the squares of the arguments

SUMX2MY2: The sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in
two arrays

SUMX2PY2: The sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two
arrays

SUMXMY2: The sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two
arrays

TAN: The tangent of an angle

TANH: The hyperbolic tangent of an angle

TRUNC: Truncates a number to an integer

Statistical functions

Statistical function allow engineers, statistitian to calculate
probabilities of things happening or not….. you could use it to calculate
the next loto numbers…..

AVEDEV: The average of the absolute deviations of data points from their
mean

AVERAGE: The average of its arguments

AVERAGEA: The average of its arguments, including numbers, text, and
logical values

BETADIST: The beta cumulative distribution function

BETAINV: The inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a
specified beta distribution

BINOMDIST: The individual term binomial distribution probability

CHIDIST: The one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution

CHIINV: The inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared
distribution

CHITEST: The test for independence

CONFIDENCE: The confidence interval for a population mean

CORREL: The correlation coefficient between two data sets

COUNT: Counts how many numbers are in the list of arguments

COUNTA: Counts how many values are in the list of arguments
(does not count the empty cells)

COUNTBLANK: Counts the number of blank cells within a range

COUNTIF: Counts the number of nonblank cells within a range that meet the
given criteria (one only). A second example here.

COUNTIFS: Counts the number of nonblank cells within a range that meet multiple
given criteria

COVAR: covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations

CRITBINOM: The smallest value for which the cumulative binomial
distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value

DEVSQ: The sum of squares of deviations

EXPONDIST: The exponential distribution

FDIST: The F probability distribution

FINV: The inverse of the F probability distribution

FISHER: The Fisher transformation

FISHERINV: The inverse of the Fisher transformation

FORECAST: A value along a linear trend

FREQUENCY: A frequency distribution as a vertical array

FTEST: The result of an F-test

GAMMADIST: The gamma distribution

GAMMAINV: The inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution

GAMMALN: The natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x)

GEOMEAN: The geometric mean

GROWTH: Values along an exponential trend

HARMEAN: The harmonic mean

HYPGEOMDIST: The hypergeometric distribution

INTERCEPT: The intercept of the linear regression line

KURT: The kurtosis of a data set

LARGE: The k-th largest value in a data set

LINEST: The parameters of a linear trend

LOGEST: The parameters of an exponential trend

LOGINV: The inverse of the lognormal distribution

LOGNORMDIST: The cumulative lognormal distribution

MAX: The maximum value in a list of arguments

MAXA: The maximum value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text,
and logical values

MEDIAN: The median of the given numbers

MIN: The minimum value in a list of arguments

MINA: The smallest value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text,
and logical values

MODE: The most common value in a data set

NEGBINOMDIST: The negative binomial distribution

NORMDIST: The normal cumulative distribution

NORMINV: The inverse of the normal cumulative distribution

NORMSDIST: The standard normal cumulative distribution

NORMSINV: The inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution

PEARSON: The Pearson product moment correlation coefficient

PERCENTILE: The k-th percentile of values in a range

PERCENTRANK: The percentage rank of a value in a data set

PERMUT: The number of permutations for a given number of objects. Very useful for basic school statistic

POISSON: The Poisson distribution

PROB: The probability that values in a range are between two limits

QUARTILE: The quartile of a data set

RANK: The rank of a number in a list of numbers

RSQ: The square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient

SKEW: The skewness of a distribution

SLOPE: The slope of the linear regression line

SMALL: The k-th smallest value in a data set

STANDARDIZE: A normalized value based on mean and std

STDEV: Estimates standard deviation based on a sample

STDEVA: Estimates standard deviation based on a sample, including
numbers, text, and logical values

STDEVP: Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population

STDEVPA: Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population,
including numbers, text, and logical values

STEYX: The standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the
regression

TDIST: The Student’s t-distribution

TINV: The inverse of the Student’s t-distribution

TREND: Values along a linear trend

TRIMMEAN: The mean of the interior of a data set

TTEST: The probability associated with a Student’s t-test

VAR: Estimates variance based on a sample

VARA: Estimates variance based on a sample, including numbers, text, and
logical values

VARP: Calculates variance based on the entire population

VARPA: Calculates variance based on the entire population, including
numbers, text, and logical values

WEIBULL: The Weibull distribution

ZTEST: The one-tailed probability-value of a z-test

Engineering functions

Engineering functions deal with tough stuff only engineers grasp (;-)….
Like complex number, binary numbers, conversions from binary to hexadecimal
(the base of computing)….

BESSELI: The modified Bessel function In(x)

BESSELJ: The Bessel function Jn(x)

BESSELK: The modified Bessel function Kn(x)

BESSELY: The Bessel function Yn(x)

BIN2DEC: Converts a binary number to decimal

BIN2HEX: Converts a binary number to hexadecimal

BIN2OCT: Converts a binary number to octal

COMPLEX: Converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number

CONVERT: Converts a number from one measurement system to another

DEC2BIN: Converts a decimal number to binary

DEC2HEX: Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal

DEC2OCT: Converts a decimal number to octal

DELTA: Tests whether two values are equal

ERF: The error function

ERFC: The complementary error function

GESTEP: Tests whether a number is greater than a threshold value

HEX2BIN: Converts a hexadecimal number to binary

HEX2DEC: Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal

HEX2OCT: Converts a hexadecimal number to octal

IMABS: The absolute value (modulus) of a complex number

IMAGINARY: The imaginary coefficient of a complex number

IMARGUMENT: The argument theta, an angle expressed in radians

IMCONJUGATE: The complex conjugate of a complex number

IMCOS: The cosine of a complex number

IMCOSH: The hyperbolic cosine of a complex number

IMCOT: the cotangent of an imaginary number or complex number

IMCSC: the cosecant of an imaginary number

IMCSCH: hyperbolic cosecant of an imaginary number

IMDIV: The quotient of two complex numbers

IMEXP: The exponential of a complex number

IMLN: The natural logarithm of a complex number

IMLOG10: The base-10 logarithm of a complex number

IMLOG2: The base-2 logarithm of a complex number

IMPOWER: A complex number raised to an integer power

IMPRODUCT: The product of from 2 to 29 complex numbers

IMREAL: The real coefficient of a complex number

IMSEC: the Secant of an imaginary number

IMSECH: the hyperbolic secant of an imaginary number or complex number

IMSIN: The sine of a complex number

IMSINH: the hyperbolic sinus of an complex number

IMSQRT: The square root of a complex number

IMSUB: The difference between two complex numbers

IMSUM: The sum of complex numbers

IMTAN: the tangent of an imaginary number

OCT2BIN: Converts an octal number to binary

OCT2DEC: Converts an octal number to decimal

OCT2HEX: Converts an octal number to hexadecimal

Financial functions

Financial functions help you deal with investment, budgets, interest,
loans….

ACCRINT : the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest

ACCRINTM : the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at
maturity

AMORDEGRC : the depreciation for each accounting period by using a
depreciation coefficient

AMORLINC : the depreciation for each accounting period

COUPDAYBS : the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to
the settlement date

COUPDAYS : the number of days in the coupon period that contains the
settlement date

COUPDAYSNC : the number of days from the settlement date to the next
coupon date

COUPNCD : the next coupon date after the settlement date

COUPNUM : the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and
maturity date

COUPPCD : the previous coupon date before the settlement date

CUMIPMT : the cumulative interest paid between two periods

CUMPRINC : the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods

DB : the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the
fixed-declining balance method

DDB : the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the
double-declining balance method or some other method that you specify

DISC : the discount rate for a security

DOLLARDE : Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction, into a
dollar price, expressed as a decimal number

DOLLARFR : Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number, into a
dollar price, expressed as a fraction

DURATION : the annual duration of a security with periodic interest
payments

EFFECT : the effective annual interest rate

FV : the future value of an investment

FVSCHEDULE : the future value of an initial principal after applying a
series of compound interest rates

INTRATE : the interest rate for a fully invested security

IPMT : the interest payment for an investment for a given period

IRR : the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows

ISPMT : Calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an
investment

MDURATION : the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed
par value of $100

MIRR : the internal rate of return where positive and negative cash flows
are financed at different rates

NOMINAL : the annual nominal interest rate

NPER : the number of periods for an investment

NPV : the net present value of an investment based on a series of
periodic cash flows and a discount rate

ODDFPRICE : the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first
period

ODDFYIELD : the yield of a security with an odd first period

ODDLPRICE : the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last
period

ODDLYIELD : the yield of a security with an odd last period

PMT : the periodic payment for an annuity

PPMT : the payment on the principal for an investment for a given period

PRICE : the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic
interest

PRICEDISC : the price per $100 face value of a discounted security

PRICEMAT : the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest
at maturity

PV : the present value of an investment

RATE : the interest rate per period of an annuity

RECEIVED : the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security

SLN : the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period

SYD : the sum-of-years’ digits depreciation of an asset for a specified
period

TBILLEQ : the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill

TBILLPRICE : the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill

TBILLYIELD : the yield for a Treasury bill

VDB : the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period by
using a declining balance method

XIRR : the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows that is
not necessarily periodic

XNPV : the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is not
necessarily periodic

YIELD : the yield on a security that pays periodic interest

YIELDDISC : the annual yield for a discounted security

YIELDMAT : the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity

Database functions

Database in excel functions in Excel allow you to work on table and find
out some basic informations about the data entered.

DAVERAGE: The average of selected database entries

DCOUNT: Counts the cells that contain numbers in a database

DCOUNTA: Counts nonblank cells in a database

DGET: Extracts from a database a single record that matches the specified
criteria

DMAX: The maximum value from selected database entries

DMIN: The minimum value from selected database entries

DPRODUCT: Multiplies the values in a particular field of records that
match the criteria in a database

DSTDEV: Estimates the standard deviation based on a sample of selected
database entries

DSTDEVP: Calculates the standard deviation based on the entire population
of selected database entries

DSUM: Adds the numbers in the field column of records in the database
that match the criteria

DVAR: Estimates variance based on a sample from selected database entries

DVARP: Calculates variance based on the entire population of selected
database entries

Information functions

Information functions give you INFORMATION about the content of cells. Is
this a number, is there an error, etc….typically you can test for errors and
insteaf of having these errors like #NAME that have no meaning for the user,
then you can replace them with a text message.

CELL: Information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell

ERROR.TYPE: A number corresponding to an error type

INFO: Information about the current operating environment

ISBLANK: TRUE if the value is blank

ISERR: TRUE if the value is any error value except #N/A

ISERROR: TRUE if the value is any error value

ISEVEN: TRUE if the number is even

ISFORMULA: checks if a cell contains a formula

ISLOGICAL: TRUE if the value is a logical value

ISNA: TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value

ISNONTEXT: TRUE if the value is not text

ISNUMBER: TRUE if the value is a number

ISODD: TRUE if the number is odd

ISREF: TRUE if the value is a reference

ISTEXT: TRUE if the value is text

N: A value converted to a number

NA: The error value #N/A

TYPE: A number indicating the data type of a value

So that’s it for the functions
in Excel.

These were only some basics. Now you will learn by doing.

Источник

Formulas and functions are the building blocks of working with numeric data in Excel. This article introduces you to formulas and functions.

In this article, we will cover the following topics.

What is Formulas in Excel?
Mistakes to avoid when working with formulas in Excel
What is Function in Excel?
The importance of functions
Common functions
Numeric Functions
String functions
Date Time functions
V Lookup function

Tutorials Data

For this tutorial, we will work with the following datasets.

Home supplies budget

S/N	ITEM	QTY	PRICE
1	Mangoes	9	600
2	Oranges	3	1200
3	Tomatoes	1	2500
4	Cooking Oil	5	6500
5	Tonic Water	13	3900

House Building Project Schedule

S/N	ITEM	START DATE	END DATE
1	Survey land	04/02/2015	07/02/2015
2	Lay Foundation	10/02/2015	15/02/2015
3	Roofing	27/02/2015	03/03/2015
4	Painting	09/03/2015	21/03/2015

What is Formulas in Excel?

FORMULAS IN EXCEL is an expression that operates on values in a range of cell addresses and operators. For example, =A1+A2+A3, which finds the sum of the range of values from cell A1 to cell A3. An example of a formula made up of discrete values like =6*3.

=A2 * D2 / 2

HERE,

"=" tells Excel that this is a formula, and it should evaluate it.
"A2" * D2" makes reference to cell addresses A2 and D2 then multiplies the values found in these cell addresses.
"/" is the division arithmetic operator
"2" is a discrete value

Formulas practical exercise

We will work with the sample data for the home budget to calculate the subtotal.

Create a new workbook in Excel
Enter the data shown in the home supplies budget above.
Your worksheet should look as follows.

We will now write the formula that calculates the subtotal

Set the focus to cell E4

Enter the following formula.

=C4*D4

HERE,

"C4*D4" uses the arithmetic operator multiplication (*) to multiply the value of the cell address C4 and D4.

Press enter key

You will get the following result

The following animated image shows you how to auto select cell address and apply the same formula to other rows.

Mistakes to avoid when working with formulas in Excel

Remember the rules of Brackets of Division, Multiplication, Addition, & Subtraction (BODMAS). This means expressions are brackets are evaluated first. For arithmetic operators, the division is evaluated first followed by multiplication then addition and subtraction is the last one to be evaluated. Using this rule, we can rewrite the above formula as =(A2 * D2) / 2. This will ensure that A2 and D2 are first evaluated then divided by two.
Excel spreadsheet formulas usually work with numeric data; you can take advantage of data validation to specify the type of data that should be accepted by a cell i.e. numbers only.
To ensure that you are working with the correct cell addresses referenced in the formulas, you can press F2 on the keyboard. This will highlight the cell addresses used in the formula, and you can cross check to ensure they are the desired cell addresses.
When you are working with many rows, you can use serial numbers for all the rows and have a record count at the bottom of the sheet. You should compare the serial number count with the record total to ensure that your formulas included all the rows.

Check Out
Top 10 Excel Spreadsheet Formulas

What is Function in Excel?

FUNCTION IN EXCEL is a predefined formula that is used for specific values in a particular order. Function is used for quick tasks like finding the sum, count, average, maximum value, and minimum values for a range of cells. For example, cell A3 below contains the SUM function which calculates the sum of the range A1:A2.

SUM for summation of a range of numbers
AVERAGE for calculating the average of a given range of numbers
COUNT for counting the number of items in a given range

The importance of functions

Functions increase user productivity when working with excel. Let’s say you would like to get the grand total for the above home supplies budget. To make it simpler, you can use a formula to get the grand total. Using a formula, you would have to reference the cells E4 through to E8 one by one. You would have to use the following formula.

= E4 + E5 + E6 + E7 + E8

With a function, you would write the above formula as

=SUM (E4:E8)

As you can see from the above function used to get the sum of a range of cells, it is much more efficient to use a function to get the sum than using the formula which will have to reference a lot of cells.

Common functions

Let’s look at some of the most commonly used functions in ms excel formulas. We will start with statistical functions.

S/N	FUNCTION	CATEGORY	DESCRIPTION	USAGE
01	SUM	Math & Trig	Adds all the values in a range of cells	=SUM(E4:E8)
02	MIN	Statistical	Finds the minimum value in a range of cells	=MIN(E4:E8)
03	MAX	Statistical	Finds the maximum value in a range of cells	=MAX(E4:E8)
04	AVERAGE	Statistical	Calculates the average value in a range of cells	=AVERAGE(E4:E8)
05	COUNT	Statistical	Counts the number of cells in a range of cells	=COUNT(E4:E8)
06	LEN	Text	Returns the number of characters in a string text	=LEN(B7)
07	SUMIF	Math & Trig	Adds all the values in a range of cells that meet a specified criteria. =SUMIF(range,criteria,[sum_range])	=SUMIF(D4:D8,”>=1000″,C4:C8)
08	AVERAGEIF	Statistical	Calculates the average value in a range of cells that meet the specified criteria. =AVERAGEIF(range,criteria,[average_range])	=AVERAGEIF(F4:F8,”Yes”,E4:E8)
09	DAYS	Date & Time	Returns the number of days between two dates	=DAYS(D4,C4)
10	NOW	Date & Time	Returns the current system date and time	=NOW()

Numeric Functions

As the name suggests, these functions operate on numeric data. The following table shows some of the common numeric functions.

S/N	FUNCTION	CATEGORY	DESCRIPTION	USAGE
1	ISNUMBER	Information	Returns True if the supplied value is numeric and False if it is not numeric	=ISNUMBER(A3)
2	RAND	Math & Trig	Generates a random number between 0 and 1	=RAND()
3	ROUND	Math & Trig	Rounds off a decimal value to the specified number of decimal points	=ROUND(3.14455,2)
4	MEDIAN	Statistical	Returns the number in the middle of the set of given numbers	=MEDIAN(3,4,5,2,5)
5	PI	Math & Trig	Returns the value of Math Function PI(π)	=PI()
6	POWER	Math & Trig	Returns the result of a number raised to a power. POWER( number, power )	=POWER(2,4)
7	MOD	Math & Trig	Returns the Remainder when you divide two numbers	=MOD(10,3)
8	ROMAN	Math & Trig	Converts a number to roman numerals	=ROMAN(1984)

String functions

These basic excel functions are used to manipulate text data. The following table shows some of the common string functions.

S/N	FUNCTION	CATEGORY	DESCRIPTION	USAGE	COMMENT
1	LEFT	Text	Returns a number of specified characters from the start (left-hand side) of a string	=LEFT(“GURU99”,4)	Left 4 Characters of “GURU99”
2	RIGHT	Text	Returns a number of specified characters from the end (right-hand side) of a string	=RIGHT(“GURU99”,2)	Right 2 Characters of “GURU99”
3	MID	Text	Retrieves a number of characters from the middle of a string from a specified start position and length. =MID (text, start_num, num_chars)	=MID(“GURU99”,2,3)	Retrieving Characters 2 to 5
4	ISTEXT	Information	Returns True if the supplied parameter is Text	=ISTEXT(value)	value – The value to check.
5	FIND	Text	Returns the starting position of a text string within another text string. This function is case-sensitive. =FIND(find_text, within_text, [start_num])	=FIND(“oo”,”Roofing”,1)	Find oo in “Roofing”, Result is 2
6	REPLACE	Text	Replaces part of a string with another specified string. =REPLACE (old_text, start_num, num_chars, new_text)	=REPLACE(“Roofing”,2,2,”xx”)	Replace “oo” with “xx”

Date Time Functions

These functions are used to manipulate date values. The following table shows some of the common date functions

S/N	FUNCTION	CATEGORY	DESCRIPTION	USAGE
1	DATE	Date & Time	Returns the number that represents the date in excel code	=DATE(2015,2,4)
2	DAYS	Date & Time	Find the number of days between two dates	=DAYS(D6,C6)
3	MONTH	Date & Time	Returns the month from a date value	=MONTH(“4/2/2015”)
4	MINUTE	Date & Time	Returns the minutes from a time value	=MINUTE(“12:31”)
5	YEAR	Date & Time	Returns the year from a date value	=YEAR(“04/02/2015”)

VLOOKUP function

The VLOOKUP function is used to perform a vertical look up in the left most column and return a value in the same row from a column that you specify. Let’s explain this in a layman’s language. The home supplies budget has a serial number column that uniquely identifies each item in the budget. Suppose you have the item serial number, and you would like to know the item description, you can use the VLOOKUP function. Here is how the VLOOKUP function would work.

=VLOOKUP (C12, A4:B8, 2, FALSE)

HERE,

"=VLOOKUP" calls the vertical lookup function
"C12" specifies the value to be looked up in the left most column
"A4:B8" specifies the table array with the data
"2" specifies the column number with the row value to be returned by the VLOOKUP function
"FALSE," tells the VLOOKUP function that we are looking for an exact match of the supplied look up value

The animated image below shows this in action

Download the above Excel Code

Summary

Excel allows you to manipulate the data using formulas and/or functions. Functions are generally more productive compared to writing formulas. Functions are also more accurate compared to formulas because the margin of making mistakes is very minimum.

Here is a list of important Excel Formula and Function

SUM function = =SUM(E4:E8)

MIN function = =MIN(E4:E8)

MAX function = =MAX(E4:E8)

AVERAGE function = =AVERAGE(E4:E8)

COUNT function = =COUNT(E4:E8)

DAYS function = =DAYS(D4,C4)

VLOOKUP function = =VLOOKUP (C12, A4:B8, 2, FALSE)

DATE function = =DATE(2020,2,4)

Источник

Learning Excel formulas is a must when you work with data. Excel is used in all industries for its versatility and popularity. Excel is a go-to tool to store, manage, and retrieve data. Its versatility extends to generating reports and providing business insights.

Excel is used in the financial sector for financial modelling and analysis, in the banking sector, and in business for data analysis and forecasting. You can learn how to use this software with comprehensive Excel courses, such as those at Academy of Learning Career College.

One important feature of Excel is the Excel formulas feature. Learning a few frequently used formulas while working with large data sets is extremely valuable.

Excel Formulas – List and Guide for Beginners

What Are Excel Formulas?

An Excel formula is an expression that takes operands and operators. Operators show what action to perform. Operands show what item to apply the action to. For instance, a+b is a formula to calculate the sum of two numbers. Here, a and b are the operands, and + is the operator.

In other words, an Excel formula is an expression you use to make mathematical calculations in Excel. You can use a formula to add, subtract, divide, multiply, etc. For example, =1+1 is a formula to calculate the sum of two numbers. Note, you will always have = at the beginning of your formula in Excel.

A formula is one of a few ways you could add numbers in Excel. You could also use Excel’s built-in functions to quickly find the sum of two numbers, cells, or a range of cells. Functions are predefined formulas in Excel. They make calculations in Excel faster and easier, especially if you are working with large data sets. The Excel function to add two numbers together is =SUM(

Example of Excel Formula:
- In a blank cell, type the = sign.
- Enter a number, cell address, or manually click a cell address to add it (In this case, we will enter 1).
- Type your operator (In this case we will use +).
- Enter another number, cell address, or manually click a cell address to add it (Again, we will use the number 1)
  It should look like this: =1+1.
- Hit enter, and your calculation will appear.
Example of Excel Function:
- In a blank cell, type =SUM(
- To find the sum of cells A1 and A2, you can simply type =SUM(A1,A2)
- Hit enter and your calculation will appear.

Besides basic calculations, there are a wide variety of formulas you can use in Excel to aid your work. You can find a separate tab, Formulas, that contains all the Excel formulas list.

In the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, you can also find Financial, Logical, Text, Date & Time, Lookup & Reference, and other functions.

Financial Functions – This has a list of financial functions used to calculate interest rates, return depreciation amounts, and perform other functions related to finance.
Logical Functions – This lists logical functions, such as TRUE, FALSE, IF, and IFNA.
Text Functions – This covers all the functions needed to work with text.
Date & Time Functions – This lists functions to work with date, time, and year.
Lookup & Reference Functions – Lookup and reference functions help you find the value of a row or column.
Math & Trig Functions – All mathematical and trigonometric functions are listed here.
More Functions:
- Statistical
- Engineering
- Cube
- Information
- Compatibility
- Web

The below screenshot shows the functions listed in each category. When you hover your mouse over any function, it displays a dialogue box explaining what the function does. You can click on the option “Tell me more” to learn more about the function. This opens a separate window where the function is explained in detail.

list of functions in Excel

Insert Function – You can pick any function from the list and get help working with the functions.

types of excel functions

Insert function is another method of inserting a function in your selected cell. First, select a cell where you wish your Excel formula to appear. Then, click on Insert Function, select a category, and then select the appropriate function.

In the above example, the category Text is chosen. You can see that the functions used in the text are listed. Choose any function you would like to use. In this example, the CONCAT function is chosen, which combines two texts.

You can see the explanation of the function, which links a list or range of text or strings. When you click on that function, the Function Arguments dialogue opens. You are then prompted to enter the text. You must provide a text or a series of texts you wish to link in the text bar.

Click OK. You can find the result of the concatenated text at the bottom of the dialogue box, and the same concatenated text should also appear in the spreadsheet.

AutoSum – AutoSum automatically does a quick calculation of the numbers that you save in the spreadsheet.

Recently Used – This gives a list of functions that you recently used.

Difference Between Excel Functions and Formulas

An Excel function is a predefined piece of code that executes when you use it in a spreadsheet. It takes the specified number of arguments as defined by the source code. Since it is a predefined expression, you can select any cell in the worksheet where you wish the result to be displayed and enter ‘=’ followed by the function name.

As you enter the function name, you should see the list of all the Excel functions and what the function does. For instance, to calculate the sum of ‘n’ numbers, the predefined function in Excel is =SUM(number1, number2,…). Similarly, the function is =AVERAGE(number1, number2,…) to calculate the average.

An Excel formula is an expression that must contain the right operators and the operands as arguments. The user must take the utmost care to represent all the operations involved in the formula to arrive at the correct result.

For instance, to calculate the sum of ‘n’ numbers, the Excel formula is =(number1+number 2..) To find the average of these numbers, the formula is =(number1+number 2…)/n). Where ‘n’ is the total number in the list or table.

Let’s look at the most commonly used formulas you need to know when working in Excel. Mastering them can save you a lot of time and give you the confidence to be an expert.

1. IF()

The IF() function in Excel performs the logical operation. Select Formula → Function Library → Logical, and you find logical functions, like AND, OR, NOT, IF, IFNA, and other such functions. The IF() function checks for a condition and returns a positive value or text that you provide if the condition is satisfied. If it does not meet the condition, it returns the alternative negative value or text you provide along with the positive value or text.

Syntax =

IF(logical_test,[value_if_true],[value_if_false])

example of IF( function

In the above example, the IF() function is entered in the formula bar, specifying the logical test that has to be performed on the values in the spreadsheet. Here, the condition is to check whether the person’s age is above 18 or not.

If the value in the table satisfies the condition, the value Yes is displayed, or else No is displayed.

Another method of using the function is to select the cell where you need to enter the formula and then select Formulas → Logical → IF. Now, enter the function arguments: the logical test, the value to display if the condition is true, and the value to return if the condition is false.

2. LEN()

The function LEN() returns the number of characters in a text string. It counts even the spaces and the special characters in the string.

=LEN(TEXT)

LEN( function excel

In the example above, the function is entered in two ways. One in the formula bar as =LEN(A2), and the other by selecting the options Formulas → Text → Len. The function takes the text string or the cell reference as an argument.

3. PROPER()

This function converts a text string to the proper case: the first letter in each word is converted to an uppercase letter and all other letters to lowercase. The function takes one argument that can accept the actual text enclosed in quotation marks, a formula that returns text, or a reference to the cell that contains the text.

Syntax
=PROPER(TEXT)

PROPER( function excel

In the example above, the names are in small letters. The Excel formula, =PROPER() is chosen from the options: Formulas → Text → PROPER.

4. REPLACE( )

The Excel function, =REPLACE(), replaces part of a string with a different text string.

Syntax
=REPLACE(OLD_TEXT, START_NUM, NUM_CHARS,NEW_TEXT)

This function takes four arguments. The first argument is the old text. In the second argument, start_num, you must mention the text position where you need the new text to be entered. The third argument, NUM_CHARS, is the length of the new text, and the fourth argument is the new text that has to replace the old text.

Replace function in excel

In the example above, a new text, ‘er’, is included at the end of the old text. Both values in cells A2 and A3, Garden and Market, have 6 letters each. The function inserts the new and old text, displaying them as Gardener and Marketer.

5. SEARCH()

The SEARCH() function returns the number of characters at which a specific character or string is first found, reads it left to right, and is not case-sensitive.

Syntax
=SEARCH(FIND_TEXT,WITHIN_TEXT,[START_NUM])

This Excel function takes two mandatory arguments and one optional argument. The argument Find_Text finds the text that you have mentioned. It accepts wildcard characters, such as ~, ? and *. The argument Within_Text is the text in which you wish to search the Find_Text. Start_num is the character number in Within_text, counting from left, at which you want to start searching.

This function returns a default value of ‘1’ when the character to be searched is not mentioned. That’s why ‘1’ is returned as a result in cell C8 since the text to be searched is not mentioned in the table. The SEARCH() function is case-insensitive.

6. Date Functions

The Date function in Excel is used to find the date and days between the dates, months, and years. It is grouped under the category, Date and Time functions.

Syntax

DAY(SERIAL_NUMBER) – returns the day of the month, a number from 1 to 31.
DAYS(END_DATE, START_DATE) – returns the number of days between the two dates.
MONTH(SERIAL_NUMBER) – returns the month, a number from 1 (January) to 12 (December).
NOW() – returns the current date and time, formatted as a date and time.
YEAR(SERIAL_NUMBER) – returns the year of a date, an integer in the range 1900-9999.
TODAY() – returns the current date formatted as a date.
WEEKDAY(serial_number, return_type) – returns a number from 1 to 7 identifying the day of the week of a date.

The DATE() function takes the cell reference which contains the date as an argument and returns the result as a number. Excel considers the year 1900 as 1 and increments the number as the year proceeds.

DAY function excel

In the example above, the functions =TODAY() and =NOW() do not take any arguments. The function TODAY() returns the current date as a result, and the function =NOW() returns the current date and time as a result.

7. VLOOKUP( )

VLOOKUP() function is categorized in Lookup and Reference and is used to search and find a corresponding value from the table.

Syntax
=VLOOKUP(LOOKUP_VALUE, TABLE_ARRAY,COL_INDEX_NUM,[RANGE_LOOKUP])

VLOOKUP function in excel

In the example above, to find the profession of a person, use the VLOOKUP function that searches vertically and returns the result. You can enter the formula directly in the formula bar, =VLOOKUP( A6, A3:C6,3 FALSE).

Cell A6 contains the lookupo_value, Sarah. It has to be searched in the table ranging in the cells A3:C6. The column index is in the 3rd position from the lookup_value. The range_lookup can either take TRUE or FALSE. A ‘FALSE’ returns the exact match, and a ‘TRUE’ returns an appropriate match.

Related: LOOKUPS in Excel Explained – A Beginner’s Guide

8. PRODUCT()

The PRODUCT() function is listed under the Mathematical and Trigonometric function library. It returns the product of the numbers that are mentioned within the function. It can also take the cell reference where the numbers are available.

Syntax
=PRODUCT(NUMBER1,NUMBER2)

9. ROUND( )

ROUND() function rounds a number to the specified number of digits. This is categorized under the Mathematical and Trigonometric function library.

Syntax
=ROUND(NUMBER, NUM_DIGITS)

excel product function

In the example above, the values in cells A1 and A2 are multiplied, and the result is available in cell B4. Using the ROUND() function, it is rounded to the nearest 2 digits.

10. AutoSum Functions

The AutoSum functions allow you to perform quick calculations, such as sum, average, count, minimum, and maximum. All these functions operate upon a series of numbers and return the appropriate result.

Syntax
=SUM(NUMBER1, NUMBER2…)

Average function exce

In the example above, there are three different numbers for which the sum, average, count of numbers, min, and max is calculated, and the results are returned

11. CORREL()

CORREL() is a Statistical function grouped under More Functions. There are many Statistical functions available that can be used for different purposes. This function calculates the relationship between two different values.

The CORREL() function takes two data sets as arguments and returns the result as positive or negative. Statistical functions require operating data sets, and Excel formulas cannot calculate using a single value.

Syntax
=CORREL(ARRAY1, ARRAY2)

CORREL function excel

In the example above, there are two data sets, X and Y. To find the correlation between these two data sets, use the CORREL function. It can be accessed from Functions → More Functions → Statistical → Correl.

When you select that function, it prompts you to enter the values. Select the values in column A and input them in Array1 in the Function Arguments dialogue box. Similarly, select the values in column B and give them as input in Array2. Click OK. You get the value displayed in the spreadsheet.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What are the benefits of using Excel?

Excel is the best tool to do the following:

Store data
Perform calculations
Create a table to organize and analyze data
Visualize data using charts
Predict the outcomes

2. What are the most valuable tools in Excel?

Excel offers built-in tools, such as:

Functions
Tables and Charts
Pivot Table and Slicers
Sort and Filter
Data Validation
Macros

3. How do I improve my Excel skills?

Follow these steps to improve your Excel skills:

Learn basic formulas. This can help you to understand and work with complex ones.
Use conditional formatting and other basic elements to organize your data.
Learn how to sort and filter data.
Learn keyboard shortcuts to work fast in Excel.

Closing Thoughts

Excel formulas are used in various calculations. All fields, such as business, research, and education, need a technique to store and work with numbers. The built-in Excel functions are capable of catering to every industry’s data storage and manipulation needs.

The above-listed functions are basic and easy to understand. When you start learning, you will be amazed at the kind of control you develop over data.

Are you motivated to learn more? Check out AOLCC’s courses in Excel and Microsoft Office Applications to learn everything from what a pivot table is in Excel to practical tips on how to make the most of Microsoft Office Applications. Also, you can learn what lookup functions are, and how to use them using our Lookups in Excel – Beginner’s Guide. You will also earn Micro-credentials on the completion of the course.

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Create a formula that refers to values in other cells

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Enter a formula that contains a built-in function

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Formulas in-depth

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MS Excel: Formulas and Functions — Listed by Category

Lookup/Ref Functions

String/Text Functions

Date/Time Functions

Math/Trig Functions

Statistical Functions

Logical Functions

Information Functions

Financial Functions

Database Functions

Engineering Functions

File/Directory Functions

Data Type Conv. Functions

More Lookup Functions

Other

Date and time functions

Lookup and reference function

Logical functions or Boolean functions

Text functions

Math and trigonometry functions

Statistical functions

Engineering functions

Financial functions

Database functions

Information functions

Tutorials Data

What is Formulas in Excel?

Formulas practical exercise

Mistakes to avoid when working with formulas in Excel

What is Function in Excel?

The importance of functions

Common functions

Numeric Functions

String functions

Date Time Functions

VLOOKUP function

Summary

Here is a list of important Excel Formula and Function

What Are Excel Formulas?

Difference Between Excel Functions and Formulas

1. IF()

2. LEN()

3. PROPER()

4. REPLACE( )

5. SEARCH()

6. Date Functions

7. VLOOKUP( )

8. PRODUCT()

9. ROUND( )

10. AutoSum Functions

11. CORREL()

Frequently Asked Questions

Closing Thoughts