ABS function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the absolute value of a number
ACCRINT function
Financial: Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest
ACCRINTM function
Financial: Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity
ACOS function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the arccosine of a number
ACOSH function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number
ACOT function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the arccotangent of a number
ACOTH function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic arccotangent of a number
AGGREGATE function
Math and trigonometry: Returns an aggregate in a list or database
ADDRESS function
Lookup and reference: Returns a reference as text to a single cell in a worksheet
AMORDEGRC function
Financial: Returns the depreciation for each accounting period by using a depreciation coefficient
AMORLINC function
Financial: Returns the depreciation for each accounting period
AND function
Logical: Returns TRUE if all of its arguments are TRUE
ARABIC function
Math and trigonometry: Converts a Roman number to Arabic, as a number
AREAS function
Lookup and reference: Returns the number of areas in a reference
ARRAYTOTEXT function
Text: Returns an array of text values from any specified range
ASC function
Text: Changes full-width (double-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to half-width (single-byte) characters
ASIN function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the arcsine of a number
ASINH function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number
ATAN function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the arctangent of a number
ATAN2 function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the arctangent from x- and y-coordinates
ATANH function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number
AVEDEV function
Statistical: Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean
AVERAGE function
Statistical: Returns the average of its arguments
AVERAGEA function
Statistical: Returns the average of its arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
AVERAGEIF function
Statistical: Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all the cells in a range that meet a given criteria
AVERAGEIFS function
Statistical: Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all cells that meet multiple criteria.
BAHTTEXT function
Text: Converts a number to text, using the ß (baht) currency format
BASE function
Math and trigonometry: Converts a number into a text representation with the given radix (base)
BESSELI function
Engineering: Returns the modified Bessel function In(x)
BESSELJ function
Engineering: Returns the Bessel function Jn(x)
BESSELK function
Engineering: Returns the modified Bessel function Kn(x)
BESSELY function
Engineering: Returns the Bessel function Yn(x)
BETADIST function
Compatibility: Returns the beta cumulative distribution function
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
BETA.DIST function
Statistical: Returns the beta cumulative distribution function
BETAINV function
Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
BETA.INV function
Statistical: Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution
BIN2DEC function
Engineering: Converts a binary number to decimal
BIN2HEX function
Engineering: Converts a binary number to hexadecimal
BIN2OCT function
Engineering: Converts a binary number to octal
BINOMDIST function
Compatibility: Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
BINOM.DIST function
Statistical: Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability
BINOM.DIST.RANGE function
Statistical: Returns the probability of a trial result using a binomial distribution
BINOM.INV function
Statistical: Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value
BITAND function
Engineering: Returns a ‘Bitwise And’ of two numbers
BITLSHIFT function
Engineering: Returns a value number shifted left by shift_amount bits
BITOR function
Engineering: Returns a bitwise OR of 2 numbers
BITRSHIFT function
Engineering: Returns a value number shifted right by shift_amount bits
BITXOR function
Engineering: Returns a bitwise ‘Exclusive Or’ of two numbers
BYCOL
Logical: Applies a LAMBDA to each column and returns an array of the results
BYROW
Logical: Applies a LAMBDA to each row and returns an array of the results
CALL function
Add-in and Automation: Calls a procedure in a dynamic link library or code resource
CEILING function
Compatibility: Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
CEILING.MATH function
Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number up, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
CEILING.PRECISE function
Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the number is rounded up.
CELL function
Information: Returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell
This function is not available in Excel for the web.
CHAR function
Text: Returns the character specified by the code number
CHIDIST function
Compatibility: Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
CHIINV function
Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
CHITEST function
Compatibility: Returns the test for independence
Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
CHISQ.DIST function
Statistical: Returns the cumulative beta probability density function
CHISQ.DIST.RT function
Statistical: Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHISQ.INV function
Statistical: Returns the cumulative beta probability density function
CHISQ.INV.RT function
Statistical: Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHISQ.TEST function
Statistical: Returns the test for independence
CHOOSE function
Lookup and reference: Chooses a value from a list of values
CHOOSECOLS
Lookup and reference: Returns the specified columns from an array
CHOOSEROWS
Lookup and reference: Returns the specified rows from an array
CLEAN function
Text: Removes all nonprintable characters from text
CODE function
Text: Returns a numeric code for the first character in a text string
COLUMN function
Lookup and reference: Returns the column number of a reference
COLUMNS function
Lookup and reference: Returns the number of columns in a reference
COMBIN function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objects
COMBINA function
Math and trigonometry:
Returns the number of combinations with repetitions for a given number of items
COMPLEX function
Engineering: Converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number
CONCAT function
Text: Combines the text from multiple ranges and/or strings, but it doesn’t provide the delimiter or IgnoreEmpty arguments.
CONCATENATE function
Text: Joins several text items into one text item
CONFIDENCE function
Compatibility: Returns the confidence interval for a population mean
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
CONFIDENCE.NORM function
Statistical: Returns the confidence interval for a population mean
CONFIDENCE.T function
Statistical: Returns the confidence interval for a population mean, using a Student’s t distribution
CONVERT function
Engineering: Converts a number from one measurement system to another
CORREL function
Statistical: Returns the correlation coefficient between two data sets
COS function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the cosine of a number
COSH function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number
COT function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number
COTH function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the cotangent of an angle
COUNT function
Statistical: Counts how many numbers are in the list of arguments
COUNTA function
Statistical: Counts how many values are in the list of arguments
COUNTBLANK function
Statistical: Counts the number of blank cells within a range
COUNTIF function
Statistical: Counts the number of cells within a range that meet the given criteria
COUNTIFS function
Statistical: Counts the number of cells within a range that meet multiple criteria
COUPDAYBS function
Financial: Returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date
COUPDAYS function
Financial: Returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date
COUPDAYSNC function
Financial: Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date
COUPNCD function
Financial: Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date
COUPNUM function
Financial: Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and maturity date
COUPPCD function
Financial: Returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date
COVAR function
Compatibility: Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
COVARIANCE.P function
Statistical: Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations
COVARIANCE.S function
Statistical: Returns the sample covariance, the average of the products deviations for each data point pair in two data sets
CRITBINOM function
Compatibility: Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
CSC function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the cosecant of an angle
CSCH function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of an angle
CUBEKPIMEMBER function
Cube: Returns a key performance indicator (KPI) name, property, and measure, and displays the name and property in the cell. A KPI is a quantifiable measurement, such as monthly gross profit or quarterly employee turnover, used to monitor an organization’s performance.
CUBEMEMBER function
Cube: Returns a member or tuple in a cube hierarchy. Use to validate that the member or tuple exists in the cube.
CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY function
Cube: Returns the value of a member property in the cube. Use to validate that a member name exists within the cube and to return the specified property for this member.
CUBERANKEDMEMBER function
Cube: Returns the nth, or ranked, member in a set. Use to return one or more elements in a set, such as the top sales performer or top 10 students.
CUBESET function
Cube: Defines a calculated set of members or tuples by sending a set expression to the cube on the server, which creates the set, and then returns that set to Microsoft Office Excel.
CUBESETCOUNT function
Cube: Returns the number of items in a set.
CUBEVALUE function
Cube: Returns an aggregated value from a cube.
CUMIPMT function
Financial: Returns the cumulative interest paid between two periods
CUMPRINC function
Financial: Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods
DATE function
Date and time: Returns the serial number of a particular date
DATEDIF function
Date and time: Calculates the number of days, months, or years between two dates. This function is useful in formulas where you need to calculate an age.
DATEVALUE function
Date and time: Converts a date in the form of text to a serial number
DAVERAGE function
Database: Returns the average of selected database entries
DAY function
Date and time: Converts a serial number to a day of the month
DAYS function
Date and time: Returns the number of days between two dates
DAYS360 function
Date and time: Calculates the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year
DB function
Financial: Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the fixed-declining balance method
DBCS function
Text: Changes half-width (single-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to full-width (double-byte) characters
DCOUNT function
Database: Counts the cells that contain numbers in a database
DCOUNTA function
Database: Counts nonblank cells in a database
DDB function
Financial: Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the double-declining balance method or some other method that you specify
DEC2BIN function
Engineering: Converts a decimal number to binary
DEC2HEX function
Engineering: Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal
DEC2OCT function
Engineering: Converts a decimal number to octal
DECIMAL function
Math and trigonometry: Converts a text representation of a number in a given base into a decimal number
DEGREES function
Math and trigonometry: Converts radians to degrees
DELTA function
Engineering: Tests whether two values are equal
DEVSQ function
Statistical: Returns the sum of squares of deviations
DGET function
Database: Extracts from a database a single record that matches the specified criteria
DISC function
Financial: Returns the discount rate for a security
DMAX function
Database: Returns the maximum value from selected database entries
DMIN function
Database: Returns the minimum value from selected database entries
DOLLAR function
Text: Converts a number to text, using the $ (dollar) currency format
DOLLARDE function
Financial: Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number
DOLLARFR function
Financial: Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number, into a dollar price, expressed as a fraction
DPRODUCT function
Database: Multiplies the values in a particular field of records that match the criteria in a database
DROP
Lookup and reference: Excludes a specified number of rows or columns from the start or end of an array
DSTDEV function
Database: Estimates the standard deviation based on a sample of selected database entries
DSTDEVP function
Database: Calculates the standard deviation based on the entire population of selected database entries
DSUM function
Database: Adds the numbers in the field column of records in the database that match the criteria
DURATION function
Financial: Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments
DVAR function
Database: Estimates variance based on a sample from selected database entries
DVARP function
Database: Calculates variance based on the entire population of selected database entries
EDATE function
Date and time: Returns the serial number of the date that is the indicated number of months before or after the start date
EFFECT function
Financial: Returns the effective annual interest rate
ENCODEURL function
Web: Returns a URL-encoded string
This function is not available in Excel for the web.
EOMONTH function
Date and time: Returns the serial number of the last day of the month before or after a specified number of months
ERF function
Engineering: Returns the error function
ERF.PRECISE function
Engineering: Returns the error function
ERFC function
Engineering: Returns the complementary error function
ERFC.PRECISE function
Engineering: Returns the complementary ERF function integrated between x and infinity
ERROR.TYPE function
Information: Returns a number corresponding to an error type
EUROCONVERT function
Add-in and Automation: Converts a number to euros, converts a number from euros to a euro member currency, or converts a number from one euro member currency to another by using the euro as an intermediary (triangulation).
EVEN function
Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer
EXACT function
Text: Checks to see if two text values are identical
EXP function
Math and trigonometry: Returns e raised to the power of a given number
EXPAND
Lookup and reference: Expands or pads an array to specified row and column dimensions
EXPON.DIST function
Statistical: Returns the exponential distribution
EXPONDIST function
Compatibility: Returns the exponential distribution
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
FACT function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the factorial of a number
FACTDOUBLE function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the double factorial of a number
FALSE function
Logical: Returns the logical value FALSE
F.DIST function
Statistical: Returns the F probability distribution
FDIST function
Compatibility: Returns the F probability distribution
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
F.DIST.RT function
Statistical: Returns the F probability distribution
FILTER function
Lookup and reference: Filters a range of data based on criteria you define
FILTERXML function
Web: Returns specific data from the XML content by using the specified XPath
This function is not available in Excel for the web.
FIND, FINDB functions
Text: Finds one text value within another (case-sensitive)
F.INV function
Statistical: Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution
F.INV.RT function
Statistical: Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution
FINV function
Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution
In Excel 2007this is a Statistical function.
FISHER function
Statistical: Returns the Fisher transformation
FISHERINV function
Statistical: Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation
FIXED function
Text: Formats a number as text with a fixed number of decimals
FLOOR function
Compatibility: Rounds a number down, toward zero
In Excel 2007 and Excel 2010, this is a Math and trigonometry function.
FLOOR.MATH function
Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number down, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
FLOOR.PRECISE function
Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the number is rounded up.
FORECAST function
Statistical: Returns a value along a linear trend
In Excel 2016, this function is replaced with FORECAST.LINEAR as part of the new Forecasting functions, but it’s still available for compatibility with earlier versions.
FORECAST.ETS function
Statistical: Returns a future value based on existing (historical) values by using the AAA version of the Exponential Smoothing (ETS) algorithm
FORECAST.ETS.CONFINT function
Statistical: Returns a confidence interval for the forecast value at the specified target date
FORECAST.ETS.SEASONALITY function
Statistical: Returns the length of the repetitive pattern Excel detects for the specified time series
FORECAST.ETS.STAT function
Statistical: Returns a statistical value as a result of time series forecasting
FORECAST.LINEAR function
Statistical: Returns a future value based on existing values
FORMULATEXT function
Lookup and reference: Returns the formula at the given reference as text
FREQUENCY function
Statistical: Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical array
F.TEST function
Statistical: Returns the result of an F-test
FTEST function
Compatibility: Returns the result of an F-test
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
FV function
Financial: Returns the future value of an investment
FVSCHEDULE function
Financial: Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series of compound interest rates
GAMMA function
Statistical: Returns the Gamma function value
GAMMA.DIST function
Statistical: Returns the gamma distribution
GAMMADIST function
Compatibility: Returns the gamma distribution
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
GAMMA.INV function
Statistical: Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution
GAMMAINV function
Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
GAMMALN function
Statistical: Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x)
GAMMALN.PRECISE function
Statistical: Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x)
GAUSS function
Statistical: Returns 0.5 less than the standard normal cumulative distribution
GCD function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the greatest common divisor
GEOMEAN function
Statistical: Returns the geometric mean
GESTEP function
Engineering: Tests whether a number is greater than a threshold value
GETPIVOTDATA function
Lookup and reference: Returns data stored in a PivotTable report
GROWTH function
Statistical: Returns values along an exponential trend
HARMEAN function
Statistical: Returns the harmonic mean
HEX2BIN function
Engineering: Converts a hexadecimal number to binary
HEX2DEC function
Engineering: Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal
HEX2OCT function
Engineering: Converts a hexadecimal number to octal
HLOOKUP function
Lookup and reference: Looks in the top row of an array and returns the value of the indicated cell
HOUR function
Date and time: Converts a serial number to an hour
HSTACK
Lookup and reference: Appends arrays horizontally and in sequence to return a larger array
HYPERLINK function
Lookup and reference: Creates a shortcut or jump that opens a document stored on a network server, an intranet, or the Internet
HYPGEOM.DIST function
Statistical: Returns the hypergeometric distribution
HYPGEOMDIST function
Compatibility: Returns the hypergeometric distribution
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
IF function
Logical: Specifies a logical test to perform
IFERROR function
Logical: Returns a value you specify if a formula evaluates to an error; otherwise, returns the result of the formula
IFNA function
Logical: Returns the value you specify if the expression resolves to #N/A, otherwise returns the result of the expression
IFS function
Logical: Checks whether one or more conditions are met and returns a value that corresponds to the first TRUE condition.
IMABS function
Engineering: Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number
IMAGINARY function
Engineering: Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number
IMARGUMENT function
Engineering: Returns the argument theta, an angle expressed in radians
IMCONJUGATE function
Engineering: Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number
IMCOS function
Engineering: Returns the cosine of a complex number
IMCOSH function
Engineering: Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a complex number
IMCOT function
Engineering: Returns the cotangent of a complex number
IMCSC function
Engineering: Returns the cosecant of a complex number
IMCSCH function
Engineering: Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of a complex number
IMDIV function
Engineering: Returns the quotient of two complex numbers
IMEXP function
Engineering: Returns the exponential of a complex number
IMLN function
Engineering: Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number
IMLOG10 function
Engineering: Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number
IMLOG2 function
Engineering: Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number
IMPOWER function
Engineering: Returns a complex number raised to an integer power
IMPRODUCT function
Engineering: Returns the product of complex numbers
IMREAL function
Engineering: Returns the real coefficient of a complex number
IMSEC function
Engineering: Returns the secant of a complex number
IMSECH function
Engineering: Returns the hyperbolic secant of a complex number
IMSIN function
Engineering: Returns the sine of a complex number
IMSINH function
Engineering: Returns the hyperbolic sine of a complex number
IMSQRT function
Engineering: Returns the square root of a complex number
IMSUB function
Engineering: Returns the difference between two complex numbers
IMSUM function
Engineering: Returns the sum of complex numbers
IMTAN function
Engineering: Returns the tangent of a complex number
INDEX function
Lookup and reference: Uses an index to choose a value from a reference or array
INDIRECT function
Lookup and reference: Returns a reference indicated by a text value
INFO function
Information: Returns information about the current operating environment
This function is not available in Excel for the web.
INT function
Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number down to the nearest integer
INTERCEPT function
Statistical: Returns the intercept of the linear regression line
INTRATE function
Financial: Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security
IPMT function
Financial: Returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period
IRR function
Financial: Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows
ISBLANK function
Information: Returns TRUE if the value is blank
ISERR function
Information: Returns TRUE if the value is any error value except #N/A
ISERROR function
Information: Returns TRUE if the value is any error value
ISEVEN function
Information: Returns TRUE if the number is even
ISFORMULA function
Information: Returns TRUE if there is a reference to a cell that contains a formula
ISLOGICAL function
Information: Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value
ISNA function
Information: Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value
ISNONTEXT function
Information: Returns TRUE if the value is not text
ISNUMBER function
Information: Returns TRUE if the value is a number
ISODD function
Information: Returns TRUE if the number is odd
ISOMITTED
Information: Checks whether the value in a LAMBDA is missing and returns TRUE or FALSE
ISREF function
Information: Returns TRUE if the value is a reference
ISTEXT function
Information: Returns TRUE if the value is text
ISO.CEILING function
Math and trigonometry: Returns a number that is rounded up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
ISOWEEKNUM function
Date and time: Returns the number of the ISO week number of the year for a given date
ISPMT function
Financial: Calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment
JIS function
Text: Changes half-width (single-byte) characters within a string to full-width (double-byte) characters
KURT function
Statistical: Returns the kurtosis of a data set
LAMBDA
Logical: Create custom, reusable functions and call them by a friendly name
LARGE function
Statistical: Returns the k-th largest value in a data set
LCM function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the least common multiple
LEFT, LEFTB functions
Text: Returns the leftmost characters from a text value
LEN, LENB functions
Text: Returns the number of characters in a text string
LET
Logical: Assigns names to calculation results
LINEST function
Statistical: Returns the parameters of a linear trend
LN function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the natural logarithm of a number
LOG function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base
LOG10 function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number
LOGEST function
Statistical: Returns the parameters of an exponential trend
LOGINV function
Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution
LOGNORM.DIST function
Statistical: Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution
LOGNORMDIST function
Compatibility: Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution
LOGNORM.INV function
Statistical: Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution
LOOKUP function
Lookup and reference: Looks up values in a vector or array
LOWER function
Text: Converts text to lowercase
MAKEARRAY
Logical: Returns a calculated array of a specified row and column size, by applying a LAMBDA
MAP
Logical: Returns an array formed by mapping each value in the array(s) to a new value by applying a LAMBDA to create a new value
MATCH function
Lookup and reference: Looks up values in a reference or array
MAX function
Statistical: Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments
MAXA function
Statistical: Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
MAXIFS function
Statistical: Returns the maximum value among cells specified by a given set of conditions or criteria
MDETERM function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the matrix determinant of an array
MDURATION function
Financial: Returns the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed par value of $100
MEDIAN function
Statistical: Returns the median of the given numbers
MID, MIDB functions
Text: Returns a specific number of characters from a text string starting at the position you specify
MIN function
Statistical: Returns the minimum value in a list of arguments
MINIFS function
Statistical: Returns the minimum value among cells specified by a given set of conditions or criteria.
MINA function
Statistical: Returns the smallest value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
MINUTE function
Date and time: Converts a serial number to a minute
MINVERSE function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the matrix inverse of an array
MIRR function
Financial: Returns the internal rate of return where positive and negative cash flows are financed at different rates
MMULT function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the matrix product of two arrays
MOD function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the remainder from division
MODE function
Compatibility: Returns the most common value in a data set
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
MODE.MULT function
Statistical: Returns a vertical array of the most frequently occurring, or repetitive values in an array or range of data
MODE.SNGL function
Statistical: Returns the most common value in a data set
MONTH function
Date and time: Converts a serial number to a month
MROUND function
Math and trigonometry: Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple
MULTINOMIAL function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers
MUNIT function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the unit matrix or the specified dimension
N function
Information: Returns a value converted to a number
NA function
Information: Returns the error value #N/A
NEGBINOM.DIST function
Statistical: Returns the negative binomial distribution
NEGBINOMDIST function
Compatibility: Returns the negative binomial distribution
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
NETWORKDAYS function
Date and time: Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates
NETWORKDAYS.INTL function
Date and time: Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates using parameters to indicate which and how many days are weekend days
NOMINAL function
Financial: Returns the annual nominal interest rate
NORM.DIST function
Statistical: Returns the normal cumulative distribution
NORMDIST function
Compatibility: Returns the normal cumulative distribution
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
NORMINV function
Statistical: Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution
NORM.INV function
Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution
Note: In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
NORM.S.DIST function
Statistical: Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution
NORMSDIST function
Compatibility: Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
NORM.S.INV function
Statistical: Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution
NORMSINV function
Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
NOT function
Logical: Reverses the logic of its argument
NOW function
Date and time: Returns the serial number of the current date and time
NPER function
Financial: Returns the number of periods for an investment
NPV function
Financial: Returns the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate
NUMBERVALUE function
Text: Converts text to number in a locale-independent manner
OCT2BIN function
Engineering: Converts an octal number to binary
OCT2DEC function
Engineering: Converts an octal number to decimal
OCT2HEX function
Engineering: Converts an octal number to hexadecimal
ODD function
Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer
ODDFPRICE function
Financial: Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period
ODDFYIELD function
Financial: Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period
ODDLPRICE function
Financial: Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period
ODDLYIELD function
Financial: Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period
OFFSET function
Lookup and reference: Returns a reference offset from a given reference
OR function
Logical: Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE
PDURATION function
Financial: Returns the number of periods required by an investment to reach a specified value
PEARSON function
Statistical: Returns the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
PERCENTILE.EXC function
Statistical: Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range, where k is in the range 0..1, exclusive
PERCENTILE.INC function
Statistical: Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range
PERCENTILE function
Compatibility: Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
PERCENTRANK.EXC function
Statistical: Returns the rank of a value in a data set as a percentage (0..1, exclusive) of the data set
PERCENTRANK.INC function
Statistical: Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set
PERCENTRANK function
Compatibility: Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
PERMUT function
Statistical: Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects
PERMUTATIONA function
Statistical: Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects (with repetitions) that can be selected from the total objects
PHI function
Statistical: Returns the value of the density function for a standard normal distribution
PHONETIC function
Text: Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters from a text string
PI function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the value of pi
PMT function
Financial: Returns the periodic payment for an annuity
POISSON.DIST function
Statistical: Returns the Poisson distribution
POISSON function
Compatibility: Returns the Poisson distribution
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
POWER function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the result of a number raised to a power
PPMT function
Financial: Returns the payment on the principal for an investment for a given period
PRICE function
Financial: Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest
PRICEDISC function
Financial: Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security
PRICEMAT function
Financial: Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity
PROB function
Statistical: Returns the probability that values in a range are between two limits
PRODUCT function
Math and trigonometry: Multiplies its arguments
PROPER function
Text: Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a text value
PV function
Financial: Returns the present value of an investment
QUARTILE function
Compatibility: Returns the quartile of a data set
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
QUARTILE.EXC function
Statistical: Returns the quartile of the data set, based on percentile values from 0..1, exclusive
QUARTILE.INC function
Statistical: Returns the quartile of a data set
QUOTIENT function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the integer portion of a division
RADIANS function
Math and trigonometry: Converts degrees to radians
RAND function
Math and trigonometry: Returns a random number between 0 and 1
RANDARRAY function
Math and trigonometry: Returns an array of random numbers between 0 and 1. However, you can specify the number of rows and columns to fill, minimum and maximum values, and whether to return whole numbers or decimal values.
RANDBETWEEN function
Math and trigonometry: Returns a random number between the numbers you specify
RANK.AVG function
Statistical: Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers
RANK.EQ function
Statistical: Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers
RANK function
Compatibility: Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
RATE function
Financial: Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity
RECEIVED function
Financial: Returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security
REDUCE
Logical: Reduces an array to an accumulated value by applying a LAMBDA to each value and returning the total value in the accumulator
REGISTER.ID function
Add-in and Automation: Returns the register ID of the specified dynamic link library (DLL) or code resource that has been previously registered
REPLACE, REPLACEB functions
Text: Replaces characters within text
REPT function
Text: Repeats text a given number of times
RIGHT, RIGHTB functions
Text: Returns the rightmost characters from a text value
ROMAN function
Math and trigonometry: Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as text
ROUND function
Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number to a specified number of digits
ROUNDDOWN function
Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number down, toward zero
ROUNDUP function
Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number up, away from zero
ROW function
Lookup and reference: Returns the row number of a reference
ROWS function
Lookup and reference: Returns the number of rows in a reference
RRI function
Financial: Returns an equivalent interest rate for the growth of an investment
RSQ function
Statistical: Returns the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
RTD function
Lookup and reference: Retrieves real-time data from a program that supports COM automation
SCAN
Logical: Scans an array by applying a LAMBDA to each value and returns an array that has each intermediate value
SEARCH, SEARCHB functions
Text: Finds one text value within another (not case-sensitive)
SEC function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the secant of an angle
SECH function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic secant of an angle
SECOND function
Date and time: Converts a serial number to a second
SEQUENCE function
Math and trigonometry: Generates a list of sequential numbers in an array, such as 1, 2, 3, 4
SERIESSUM function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the sum of a power series based on the formula
SHEET function
Information: Returns the sheet number of the referenced sheet
SHEETS function
Information: Returns the number of sheets in a reference
SIGN function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the sign of a number
SIN function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the sine of the given angle
SINH function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number
SKEW function
Statistical: Returns the skewness of a distribution
SKEW.P function
Statistical: Returns the skewness of a distribution based on a population: a characterization of the degree of asymmetry of a distribution around its mean
SLN function
Financial: Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period
SLOPE function
Statistical: Returns the slope of the linear regression line
SMALL function
Statistical: Returns the k-th smallest value in a data set
SORT function
Lookup and reference: Sorts the contents of a range or array
SORTBY function
Lookup and reference: Sorts the contents of a range or array based on the values in a corresponding range or array
SQRT function
Math and trigonometry: Returns a positive square root
SQRTPI function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the square root of (number * pi)
STANDARDIZE function
Statistical: Returns a normalized value
STOCKHISTORY function
Financial: Retrieves historical data about a financial instrument
STDEV function
Compatibility: Estimates standard deviation based on a sample
STDEV.P function
Statistical: Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population
STDEV.S function
Statistical: Estimates standard deviation based on a sample
STDEVA function
Statistical: Estimates standard deviation based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values
STDEVP function
Compatibility: Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
STDEVPA function
Statistical: Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values
STEYX function
Statistical: Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression
SUBSTITUTE function
Text: Substitutes new text for old text in a text string
SUBTOTAL function
Math and trigonometry: Returns a subtotal in a list or database
SUM function
Math and trigonometry: Adds its arguments
SUMIF function
Math and trigonometry: Adds the cells specified by a given criteria
SUMIFS function
Math and trigonometry: Adds the cells in a range that meet multiple criteria
SUMPRODUCT function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the sum of the products of corresponding array components
SUMSQ function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments
SUMX2MY2 function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMX2PY2 function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMXMY2 function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays
SWITCH function
Logical: Evaluates an expression against a list of values and returns the result corresponding to the first matching value. If there is no match, an optional default value may be returned.
SYD function
Financial: Returns the sum-of-years’ digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period
T function
Text: Converts its arguments to text
TAN function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the tangent of a number
TANH function
Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number
TAKE
Lookup and reference: Returns a specified number of contiguous rows or columns from the start or end of an array
TBILLEQ function
Financial: Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill
TBILLPRICE function
Financial: Returns the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill
TBILLYIELD function
Financial: Returns the yield for a Treasury bill
T.DIST function
Statistical: Returns the Percentage Points (probability) for the Student t-distribution
T.DIST.2T function
Statistical: Returns the Percentage Points (probability) for the Student t-distribution
T.DIST.RT function
Statistical: Returns the Student’s t-distribution
TDIST function
Compatibility: Returns the Student’s t-distribution
TEXT function
Text: Formats a number and converts it to text
TEXTAFTER
Text: Returns text that occurs after given character or string
TEXTBEFORE
Text: Returns text that occurs before a given character or string
TEXTJOIN
Text: Combines the text from multiple ranges and/or strings
TEXTSPLIT
Text: Splits text strings by using column and row delimiters
TIME function
Date and time: Returns the serial number of a particular time
TIMEVALUE function
Date and time: Converts a time in the form of text to a serial number
T.INV function
Statistical: Returns the t-value of the Student’s t-distribution as a function of the probability and the degrees of freedom
T.INV.2T function
Statistical: Returns the inverse of the Student’s t-distribution
TINV function
Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the Student’s t-distribution
TOCOL
Lookup and reference: Returns the array in a single column
TOROW
Lookup and reference: Returns the array in a single row
TODAY function
Date and time: Returns the serial number of today’s date
TRANSPOSE function
Lookup and reference: Returns the transpose of an array
TREND function
Statistical: Returns values along a linear trend
TRIM function
Text: Removes spaces from text
TRIMMEAN function
Statistical: Returns the mean of the interior of a data set
TRUE function
Logical: Returns the logical value TRUE
TRUNC function
Math and trigonometry: Truncates a number to an integer
T.TEST function
Statistical: Returns the probability associated with a Student’s t-test
TTEST function
Compatibility: Returns the probability associated with a Student’s t-test
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
TYPE function
Information: Returns a number indicating the data type of a value
UNICHAR function
Text: Returns the Unicode character that is references by the given numeric value
UNICODE function
Text: Returns the number (code point) that corresponds to the first character of the text
UNIQUE function
Lookup and reference: Returns a list of unique values in a list or range
UPPER function
Text: Converts text to uppercase
VALUE function
Text: Converts a text argument to a number
VALUETOTEXT
Text: Returns text from any specified value
VAR function
Compatibility: Estimates variance based on a sample
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
VAR.P function
Statistical: Calculates variance based on the entire population
VAR.S function
Statistical: Estimates variance based on a sample
VARA function
Statistical: Estimates variance based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values
VARP function
Compatibility: Calculates variance based on the entire population
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
VARPA function
Statistical: Calculates variance based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values
VDB function
Financial: Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period by using a declining balance method
VLOOKUP function
Lookup and reference: Looks in the first column of an array and moves across the row to return the value of a cell
VSTACK
Look and reference: Appends arrays vertically and in sequence to return a larger array
WEBSERVICE function
Web: Returns data from a web service.
This function is not available in Excel for the web.
WEEKDAY function
Date and time: Converts a serial number to a day of the week
WEEKNUM function
Date and time: Converts a serial number to a number representing where the week falls numerically with a year
WEIBULL function
Compatibility: Calculates variance based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
WEIBULL.DIST function
Statistical: Returns the Weibull distribution
WORKDAY function
Date and time: Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays
WORKDAY.INTL function
Date and time: Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays using parameters to indicate which and how many days are weekend days
WRAPCOLS
Look and reference: Wraps the provided row or column of values by columns after a specified number of elements
WRAPROWS
Look and reference: Wraps the provided row or column of values by rows after a specified number of elements
XIRR function
Financial: Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic
XLOOKUP function
Lookup and reference: Searches a range or an array, and returns an item corresponding to the first match it finds. If a match doesn’t exist, then XLOOKUP can return the closest (approximate) match.
XMATCH function
Lookup and reference: Returns the relative position of an item in an array or range of cells.
XNPV function
Financial: Returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic
XOR function
Logical: Returns a logical exclusive OR of all arguments
YEAR function
Date and time: Converts a serial number to a year
YEARFRAC function
Date and time: Returns the year fraction representing the number of whole days between start_date and end_date
YIELD function
Financial: Returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest
YIELDDISC function
Financial: Returns the annual yield for a discounted security; for example, a Treasury bill
YIELDMAT function
Financial: Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity
Z.TEST function
Statistical: Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test
ZTEST function
Compatibility: Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test
In Excel 2007, this is a Statistical function.
Overview of formulas in Excel
Get started on how to create formulas and use built-in functions to perform calculations and solve problems.
Important: The calculated results of formulas and some Excel worksheet functions may differ slightly between a Windows PC using x86 or x86-64 architecture and a Windows RT PC using ARM architecture. Learn more about the differences.
Important: In this article we discuss XLOOKUP and VLOOKUP, which are similar. Try using the new XLOOKUP function, an improved version of VLOOKUP that works in any direction and returns exact matches by default, making it easier and more convenient to use than its predecessor.
Create a formula that refers to values in other cells
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Select a cell.
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Type the equal sign =.
Note: Formulas in Excel always begin with the equal sign.
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Select a cell or type its address in the selected cell.
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Enter an operator. For example, – for subtraction.
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Select the next cell, or type its address in the selected cell.
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Press Enter. The result of the calculation appears in the cell with the formula.
See a formula
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When a formula is entered into a cell, it also appears in the Formula bar.
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To see a formula, select a cell, and it will appear in the formula bar.
Enter a formula that contains a built-in function
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Select an empty cell.
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Type an equal sign = and then type a function. For example, =SUM for getting the total sales.
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Type an opening parenthesis (.
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Select the range of cells, and then type a closing parenthesis).
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Press Enter to get the result.
Download our Formulas tutorial workbook
We’ve put together a Get started with Formulas workbook that you can download. If you’re new to Excel, or even if you have some experience with it, you can walk through Excel’s most common formulas in this tour. With real-world examples and helpful visuals, you’ll be able to Sum, Count, Average, and Vlookup like a pro.
Formulas in-depth
You can browse through the individual sections below to learn more about specific formula elements.
A formula can also contain any or all of the following: functions, references, operators, and constants.
Parts of a formula
1. Functions: The PI() function returns the value of pi: 3.142…
2. References: A2 returns the value in cell A2.
3. Constants: Numbers or text values entered directly into a formula, such as 2.
4. Operators: The ^ (caret) operator raises a number to a power, and the * (asterisk) operator multiplies numbers.
A constant is a value that is not calculated; it always stays the same. For example, the date 10/9/2008, the number 210, and the text «Quarterly Earnings» are all constants. An expression or a value resulting from an expression is not a constant. If you use constants in a formula instead of references to cells (for example, =30+70+110), the result changes only if you modify the formula. In general, it’s best to place constants in individual cells where they can be easily changed if needed, then reference those cells in formulas.
A reference identifies a cell or a range of cells on a worksheet, and tells Excel where to look for the values or data you want to use in a formula. You can use references to use data contained in different parts of a worksheet in one formula or use the value from one cell in several formulas. You can also refer to cells on other sheets in the same workbook, and to other workbooks. References to cells in other workbooks are called links or external references.
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The A1 reference style
By default, Excel uses the A1 reference style, which refers to columns with letters (A through XFD, for a total of 16,384 columns) and refers to rows with numbers (1 through 1,048,576). These letters and numbers are called row and column headings. To refer to a cell, enter the column letter followed by the row number. For example, B2 refers to the cell at the intersection of column B and row 2.
To refer to
Use
The cell in column A and row 10
A10
The range of cells in column A and rows 10 through 20
A10:A20
The range of cells in row 15 and columns B through E
B15:E15
All cells in row 5
5:5
All cells in rows 5 through 10
5:10
All cells in column H
H:H
All cells in columns H through J
H:J
The range of cells in columns A through E and rows 10 through 20
A10:E20
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Making a reference to a cell or a range of cells on another worksheet in the same workbook
In the following example, the AVERAGE function calculates the average value for the range B1:B10 on the worksheet named Marketing in the same workbook.
1. Refers to the worksheet named Marketing
2. Refers to the range of cells from B1 to B10
3. The exclamation point (!) Separates the worksheet reference from the cell range reference
Note: If the referenced worksheet has spaces or numbers in it, then you need to add apostrophes (‘) before and after the worksheet name, like =’123′!A1 or =’January Revenue’!A1.
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The difference between absolute, relative and mixed references
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Relative references A relative cell reference in a formula, such as A1, is based on the relative position of the cell that contains the formula and the cell the reference refers to. If the position of the cell that contains the formula changes, the reference is changed. If you copy or fill the formula across rows or down columns, the reference automatically adjusts. By default, new formulas use relative references. For example, if you copy or fill a relative reference in cell B2 to cell B3, it automatically adjusts from =A1 to =A2.
Copied formula with relative reference
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Absolute references An absolute cell reference in a formula, such as $A$1, always refer to a cell in a specific location. If the position of the cell that contains the formula changes, the absolute reference remains the same. If you copy or fill the formula across rows or down columns, the absolute reference does not adjust. By default, new formulas use relative references, so you may need to switch them to absolute references. For example, if you copy or fill an absolute reference in cell B2 to cell B3, it stays the same in both cells: =$A$1.
Copied formula with absolute reference
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Mixed references A mixed reference has either an absolute column and relative row, or absolute row and relative column. An absolute column reference takes the form $A1, $B1, and so on. An absolute row reference takes the form A$1, B$1, and so on. If the position of the cell that contains the formula changes, the relative reference is changed, and the absolute reference does not change. If you copy or fill the formula across rows or down columns, the relative reference automatically adjusts, and the absolute reference does not adjust. For example, if you copy or fill a mixed reference from cell A2 to B3, it adjusts from =A$1 to =B$1.
Copied formula with mixed reference
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The 3-D reference style
Conveniently referencing multiple worksheets If you want to analyze data in the same cell or range of cells on multiple worksheets within a workbook, use a 3-D reference. A 3-D reference includes the cell or range reference, preceded by a range of worksheet names. Excel uses any worksheets stored between the starting and ending names of the reference. For example, =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet13!B5) adds all the values contained in cell B5 on all the worksheets between and including Sheet 2 and Sheet 13.
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You can use 3-D references to refer to cells on other sheets, to define names, and to create formulas by using the following functions: SUM, AVERAGE, AVERAGEA, COUNT, COUNTA, MAX, MAXA, MIN, MINA, PRODUCT, STDEV.P, STDEV.S, STDEVA, STDEVPA, VAR.P, VAR.S, VARA, and VARPA.
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3-D references cannot be used in array formulas.
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3-D references cannot be used with the intersection operator (a single space) or in formulas that use implicit intersection.
What occurs when you move, copy, insert, or delete worksheets The following examples explain what happens when you move, copy, insert, or delete worksheets that are included in a 3-D reference. The examples use the formula =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet6!A2:A5) to add cells A2 through A5 on worksheets 2 through 6.
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Insert or copy If you insert or copy sheets between Sheet2 and Sheet6 (the endpoints in this example), Excel includes all values in cells A2 through A5 from the added sheets in the calculations.
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Delete If you delete sheets between Sheet2 and Sheet6, Excel removes their values from the calculation.
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Move If you move sheets from between Sheet2 and Sheet6 to a location outside the referenced sheet range, Excel removes their values from the calculation.
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Move an endpoint If you move Sheet2 or Sheet6 to another location in the same workbook, Excel adjusts the calculation to accommodate the new range of sheets between them.
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Delete an endpoint If you delete Sheet2 or Sheet6, Excel adjusts the calculation to accommodate the range of sheets between them.
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The R1C1 reference style
You can also use a reference style where both the rows and the columns on the worksheet are numbered. The R1C1 reference style is useful for computing row and column positions in macros. In the R1C1 style, Excel indicates the location of a cell with an «R» followed by a row number and a «C» followed by a column number.
Reference
Meaning
R[-2]C
A relative reference to the cell two rows up and in the same column
R[2]C[2]
A relative reference to the cell two rows down and two columns to the right
R2C2
An absolute reference to the cell in the second row and in the second column
R[-1]
A relative reference to the entire row above the active cell
R
An absolute reference to the current row
When you record a macro, Excel records some commands by using the R1C1 reference style. For example, if you record a command, such as clicking the AutoSum button to insert a formula that adds a range of cells, Excel records the formula by using R1C1 style, not A1 style, references.
You can turn the R1C1 reference style on or off by setting or clearing the R1C1 reference style check box under the Working with formulas section in the Formulas category of the Options dialog box. To display this dialog box, click the File tab.
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Need more help?
You can always ask an expert in the Excel Tech Community or get support in the Answers community.
See Also
Switch between relative, absolute and mixed references for functions
Using calculation operators in Excel formulas
The order in which Excel performs operations in formulas
Using functions and nested functions in Excel formulas
Define and use names in formulas
Guidelines and examples of array formulas
Delete or remove a formula
How to avoid broken formulas
Find and correct errors in formulas
Excel keyboard shortcuts and function keys
Excel functions (by category)
Need more help?
MS Excel: Formulas and Functions — Listed by Category
Learn how to use all 300+ Excel formulas and functions including worksheet functions entered in the formula bar and VBA functions used in Macros.
Worksheet formulas are built-in functions that are entered as part of a formula in a cell. These are the most basic functions used when learning Excel. VBA functions are built-in functions that are used in Excel’s programming environment called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA).
Below is a list of Excel formulas sorted by category. If you would like an alphabetical list of these formulas, click on the following button:
Sort Alphabetically
(Enter a value in the field above to quickly find functions in the list below)
| ADDRESS (WS) | Returns a text representation of a cell address |
| AREAS (WS) | Returns the number of ranges in a reference |
| CHOOSE (WS, VBA) | Returns a value from a list of values based on a given position |
| COLUMN (WS) | Returns the column number of a cell reference |
| COLUMNS (WS) | Returns the number of columns in a cell reference |
| HLOOKUP (WS) | Performs a horizontal lookup by searching for a value in the top row of the table and returning the value in the same column based on the index_number |
| HYPERLINK (WS) | Creates a shortcut to a file or Internet address |
| INDEX (WS) | Returns either the value or the reference to a value from a table or range |
| INDIRECT (WS) | Returns the reference to a cell based on its string representation |
| LOOKUP (WS) | Returns a value from a range (one row or one column) or from an array |
| MATCH (WS) | Searches for a value in an array and returns the relative position of that item |
| OFFSET (WS) | Returns a reference to a range that is offset a number of rows and columns |
| ROW (WS) | Returns the row number of a cell reference |
| ROWS (WS) | Returns the number of rows in a cell reference |
| TRANSPOSE (WS) | Returns a transposed range of cells |
| VLOOKUP (WS) | Performs a vertical lookup by searching for a value in the first column of a table and returning the value in the same row in the index_number position |
| XLOOKUP (WS) | Performs a lookup (either vertical or horizontal) |
| ASC (VBA) | Returns ASCII value of a character |
| BAHTTEXT (WS) | Returns the number in Thai text |
| CHAR (WS) | Returns the character based on the ASCII value |
| CHR (VBA) | Returns the character based on the ASCII value |
| CLEAN (WS) | Removes all nonprintable characters from a string |
| CODE (WS) | Returns the ASCII value of a character or the first character in a cell |
| CONCAT (WS) | Used to join 2 or more strings together |
| CONCATENATE (WS) | Used to join 2 or more strings together (replaced by CONCAT Function) |
| CONCATENATE with & (WS, VBA) | Used to join 2 or more strings together using the & operator |
| DOLLAR (WS) | Converts a number to text, using a currency format |
| EXACT (WS) | Compares two strings and returns TRUE if both values are the same |
| FIND (WS) | Returns the location of a substring in a string (case-sensitive) |
| FIXED (WS) | Returns a text representation of a number rounded to a specified number of decimal places |
| FORMAT STRINGS (VBA) | Takes a string expression and returns it as a formatted string |
| INSTR (VBA) | Returns the position of the first occurrence of a substring in a string |
| INSTRREV (VBA) | Returns the position of the first occurrence of a string in another string, starting from the end of the string |
| LCASE (VBA) | Converts a string to lowercase |
| LEFT (WS, VBA) | Extract a substring from a string, starting from the left-most character |
| LEN (WS, VBA) | Returns the length of the specified string |
| LOWER (WS) | Converts all letters in the specified string to lowercase |
| LTRIM (VBA) | Removes leading spaces from a string |
| MID (WS, VBA) | Extracts a substring from a string (starting at any position) |
| NUMBERVALUE (WS) | Returns a text to a number specifying the decimal and group separators |
| PROPER (WS) | Sets the first character in each word to uppercase and the rest to lowercase |
| REPLACE (WS) | Replaces a sequence of characters in a string with another set of characters |
| REPLACE (VBA) | Replaces a sequence of characters in a string with another set of characters |
| REPT (WS) | Returns a repeated text value a specified number of times |
| RIGHT (WS, VBA) | Extracts a substring from a string starting from the right-most character |
| RTRIM (VBA) | Removes trailing spaces from a string |
| SEARCH (WS) | Returns the location of a substring in a string |
| SPACE (VBA) | Returns a string with a specified number of spaces |
| SPLIT (VBA) | Used to split a string into substrings based on a delimiter |
| STR (VBA) | Returns a string representation of a number |
| STRCOMP (VBA) | Returns an integer value representing the result of a string comparison |
| STRCONV (VBA) | Returns a string converted to uppercase, lowercase, proper case or Unicode |
| STRREVERSE (VBA) | Returns a string whose characters are in reverse order |
| SUBSTITUTE (WS) | Replaces a set of characters with another |
| T (WS) | Returns the text referred to by a value |
| TEXT (WS) | Returns a value converted to text with a specified format |
| TEXTJOIN (WS) | Used to join 2 or more strings together separated by a delimiter |
| TRIM (WS, VBA) | Returns a text value with the leading and trailing spaces removed |
| UCASE (VBA) | Converts a string to all uppercase |
| UNICHAR (WS) | Returns the Unicode character based on the Unicode number provided |
| UNICODE (WS) | Returns the Unicode number of a character or the first character in a string |
| UPPER (WS) | Convert text to all uppercase |
| VAL (VBA) | Returns the numbers found in a string |
| VALUE (WS) | Converts a text value that represents a number to a number |
| DATE (WS) | Returns the serial date value for a date |
| DATE (VBA) | Returns the current system date |
| DATEADD (VBA) | Returns a date after which a certain time/date interval has been added |
| DATEDIF (WS) | Returns the difference between two date values, based on the interval specified |
| DATEDIFF (VBA) | Returns the difference between two date values, based on the interval specified |
| DATEPART (VBA) | Returns a specified part of a given date |
| DATESERIAL (VBA) | Returns a date given a year, month, and day value |
| DATEVALUE (WS, VBA) | Returns the serial number of a date |
| DAY (WS, VBA) | Returns the day of the month (a number from 1 to 31) given a date value |
| DAYS (WS) | Returns the number of days between 2 dates |
| DAYS360 (WS) | Returns the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year |
| EDATE (WS) | Adds a specified number of months to a date and returns the result as a serial date |
| EOMONTH (WS) | Calculates the last day of the month after adding a specified number of months to a date |
| FORMAT DATES (VBA) | Takes a date expression and returns it as a formatted string |
| HOUR (WS, VBA) | Returns the hours (a number from 0 to 23) from a time value |
| ISOWEEKNUM (WS) | Returns the ISO week number for a date |
| MINUTE (WS, VBA) | Returns the minutes (a number from 0 to 59) from a time value |
| MONTH (WS, VBA) | Returns the month (a number from 1 to 12) given a date value |
| MONTHNAME (VBA) | Returns a string representing the month given a number from 1 to 12 |
| NETWORKDAYS (WS) | Returns the number of work days between 2 dates, excluding weekends and holidays |
| NETWORKDAYS.INTL (WS) | Returns the number of work days between 2 dates, excluding weekends and holidays |
| NOW (WS, VBA) | Returns the current system date and time |
| SECOND (WS) | Returns the seconds (a number from 0 to 59) from a time value |
| TIME (WS) | Returns a decimal number given an hour, minute and second value |
| TIMESERIAL (VBA) | Returns a time given an hour, minute, and second value |
| TIMEVALUE (WS, VBA) | Returns the serial number of a time |
| TODAY (WS) | Returns the current system date |
| WEEKDAY (WS, VBA) | Returns a number representing the day of the week, given a date value |
| WEEKDAYNAME (VBA) | Returns a string representing the day of the week given a number from 1 to 7 |
| WEEKNUM (WS) | Returns the week number for a date |
| WORKDAY (WS) | Adds a specified number of work days to a date and returns the result as a serial date |
| WORKDAY.INTL (WS) | Adds a specified number of work days to a date and returns the result as a serial date (customizable weekends) |
| YEAR (WS, VBA) | Returns a four-digit year (a number from 1900 to 9999) given a date value |
| YEARFRAC (WS) | Returns the number of days between 2 dates as a year fraction |
| ABS (WS, VBA) | Returns the absolute value of a number |
| ACOS (WS) | Returns the arccosine (in radians) of a number |
| ACOSH (WS) | Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number |
| AGGREGATE (WS) | Apply functions such AVERAGE, SUM, COUNT, MAX or MIN and ignore errors or hidden rows |
| ASIN (WS) | Returns the arcsine (in radians) of a number |
| ASINH (WS) | Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number |
| ATAN (WS) | Returns the arctangent (in radians) of a number |
| ATAN2 (WS) | Returns the arctangent (in radians) of (x,y) coordinates |
| ATANH (WS) | Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number |
| ATN (VBA) | Returns the arctangent of a number |
| CEILING (WS) | Returns a number rounded up based on a multiple of significance |
| CEILING.PRECISE (WS) | Returns a number rounded up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance |
| COMBIN (WS) | Returns the number of combinations for a specified number of items |
| COMBINA (WS) | Returns the number of combinations for a specified number of items and includes repetitions |
| COS (WS, VBA) | Returns the cosine of an angle |
| COSH (WS) | Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number |
| DEGREES (WS) | Converts radians into degrees |
| EVEN (WS) | Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer |
| EXP (WS, VBA) | Returns e raised to the nth power |
| FACT (WS) | Returns the factorial of a number |
| FIX (VBA) | Returns the integer portion of a number |
| FLOOR (WS) | Returns a number rounded down based on a multiple of significance |
| FORMAT NUMBERS (VBA) | Takes a numeric expression and returns it as a formatted string |
| INT (WS, VBA) | Returns the integer portion of a number |
| LN (WS) | Returns the natural logarithm of a number |
| LOG (WS) | Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base |
| LOG (VBA) | Returns the natural logarithm of a number |
| LOG10 (WS) | Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number |
| MDETERM (WS) | Returns the matrix determinant of an array |
| MINVERSE (WS) | Returns the inverse matrix for a given matrix |
| MMULT (WS) | Returns the matrix product of two arrays |
| MOD (WS) | Returns the remainder after a number is divided by a divisor |
| MOD (VBA) | Returns the remainder after a number is divided by a divisor |
| ODD (WS) | Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer |
| PI (WS) | Returns the mathematical constant called pi |
| POWER (WS) | Returns the result of a number raised to a given power |
| PRODUCT (WS) | Multiplies the numbers and returns the product |
| RADIANS (WS) | Converts degrees into radians |
| RAND (WS) | Returns a random number that is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1 |
| RANDBETWEEN (WS) | Returns a random number that is between a bottom and top range |
| RANDOMIZE (VBA) | Used to change the seed value used by the random number generator for the RND function |
| RND (VBA) | Used to generate a random number (integer value) |
| ROMAN (WS) | Converts a number to roman numeral |
| ROUND (WS) | Returns a number rounded to a specified number of digits |
| ROUND (VBA) | Returns a number rounded to a specified number of digits |
| ROUNDDOWN (WS) | Returns a number rounded down to a specified number of digits |
| ROUNDUP (WS) | Returns a number rounded up to a specified number of digits |
| SGN (VBA) | Returns the sign of a number |
| SIGN (WS) | Returns the sign of a number |
| SIN (WS, VBA) | Returns the sine of an angle |
| SINH (WS) | Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number |
| SQR (VBA) | Returns the square root of a number |
| SQRT (WS) | Returns the square root of a number |
| SUBTOTAL (WS) | Returns the subtotal of the numbers in a column in a list or database |
| SUM (WS) | Adds all numbers in a range of cells |
| SUMIF (WS) | Adds all numbers in a range of cells based on one criteria |
| SUMIFS (WS) | Adds all numbers in a range of cells, based on a single or multiple criteria |
| SUMPRODUCT (WS) | Multiplies the corresponding items in the arrays and returns the sum of the results |
| SUMSQ (WS) | Returns the sum of the squares of a series of values |
| SUMX2MY2 (WS) | Returns the sum of the difference of squares between two arrays |
| SUMX2PY2 (WS) | Returns the sum of the squares of corresponding items in the arrays |
| SUMXMY2 (WS) | Returns the sum of the squares of the differences between corresponding items in the arrays |
| TAN (WS, VBA) | Returns the tangent of an angle |
| TANH (WS) | Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number |
| TRUNC (WS) | Returns a number truncated to a specified number of digits |
| AVEDEV (WS) | Returns the average of the absolute deviations of the numbers provided |
| AVERAGE (WS) | Returns the average of the numbers provided |
| AVERAGEA (WS) | Returns the average of the numbers provided and treats TRUE as 1 and FALSE as 0 |
| AVERAGEIF (WS) | Returns the average of all numbers in a range of cells, based on a given criteria |
| AVERAGEIFS (WS) | Returns the average of all numbers in a range of cells, based on multiple criteria |
| BETA.DIST (WS) | Returns the beta distribution |
| BETA.INV (WS) | Returns the inverse of the cumulative beta probability density function |
| BETADIST (WS) | Returns the cumulative beta probability density function |
| BETAINV (WS) | Returns the inverse of the cumulative beta probability density function |
| BINOM.DIST (WS) | Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability |
| BINOM.INV (WS) | Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is greater than or equal to a criterion |
| BINOMDIST (WS) | Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability |
| CHIDIST (WS) | Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution |
| CHIINV (WS) | Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution |
| CHITEST (WS) | Returns the value from the chi-squared distribution |
| COUNT (WS) | Counts the number of cells that contain numbers as well as the number of arguments that contain numbers |
| COUNTA (WS) | Counts the number of cells that are not empty as well as the number of value arguments provided |
| COUNTBLANK (WS) | Counts the number of empty cells in a range |
| COUNTIF (WS) | Counts the number of cells in a range, that meets a given criteria |
| COUNTIFS (WS) | Counts the number of cells in a range, that meets a single or multiple criteria |
| COVAR (WS) | Returns the covariance, the average of the products of deviations for two data sets |
| FORECAST (WS) | Returns a prediction of a future value based on existing values provided |
| FREQUENCY (WS) | Returns how often values occur within a set of data. It returns a vertical array of numbers |
| GROWTH (WS) | Returns the predicted exponential growth based on existing values provided |
| INTERCEPT (WS) | Returns the y-axis intersection point of a line using x-axis values and y-axis values |
| LARGE (WS) | Returns the nth largest value from a set of values |
| LINEST (WS) | Uses the least squares method to calculate the statistics for a straight line and returns an array describing that line |
| MAX (WS) | Returns the largest value from the numbers provided |
| MAXA (WS) | Returns the largest value from the values provided (numbers, text and logical values) |
| MAXIFS (WS) | Returns the largest value in a range, that meets a single or multiple criteria |
| MEDIAN (WS) | Returns the median of the numbers provided |
| MIN (WS) | Returns the smallest value from the numbers provided |
| MINA (WS) | Returns the smallest value from the values provided (numbers, text and logical values) |
| MINIFS (WS) | Returns the smallest value in a range, that meets a single or multiple criteria |
| MODE (WS) | Returns most frequently occurring number |
| MODE.MULT (WS) | Returns a vertical array of the most frequently occurring numbers |
| MODE.SNGL (WS) | Returns most frequently occurring number |
| PERCENTILE (WS) | Returns the nth percentile from a set of values |
| PERCENTRANK (WS) | Returns the nth percentile from a set of values |
| PERMUT (WS) | Returns the number of permutations for a specified number of items |
| QUARTILE (WS) | Returns the quartile from a set of values |
| RANK (WS) | Returns the rank of a number within a set of numbers |
| SLOPE (WS) | Returns the slope of a regression line based on the data points identified by known_y_values and known_x_values |
| SMALL (WS) | Returns the nth smallest value from a set of values |
| STDEV (WS) | Returns the standard deviation of a population based on a sample of numbers |
| STDEVA (WS) | Returns the standard deviation of a population based on a sample of numbers, text, and logical values |
| STDEVP (WS) | Returns the standard deviation of a population based on an entire population of numbers |
| STDEVPA (WS) | Returns the standard deviation of a population based on an entire population of numbers, text, and logical values |
| VAR (WS) | Returns the variance of a population based on a sample of numbers |
| VARA (WS) | Returns the variance of a population based on a sample of numbers, text, and logical values |
| VARP (WS) | Returns the variance of a population based on an entire population of numbers |
| VARPA (WS) | Returns the variance of a population based on an entire population of numbers, text, and logical values |
| AND (WS) | Returns TRUE if all conditions are TRUE |
| AND (VBA) | Returns TRUE if all conditions are TRUE |
| CASE (VBA) | Has the functionality of an IF-THEN-ELSE statement |
| FALSE (WS) | Returns a logical value of FALSE |
| FOR…NEXT (VBA) | Used to create a FOR LOOP |
| IF (WS) | Returns one value if the condition is TRUE or another value if the condition is FALSE |
| IF (more than 7) (WS) | Nest more than 7 IF functions |
| IF (up to 7) (WS) | Nest up to 7 IF functions |
| IF-THEN-ELSE (VBA) | Returns a value if a specified condition evaluates to TRUE or another value if it evaluates to FALSE |
| IFERROR (WS) | Used to return an alternate value if a formula results in an error |
| IFNA (WS) | Used to return an alternate value if a formula results in #N/A error |
| IFS (WS) | Specify multiple IF conditions within 1 function |
| NOT (WS) | Returns the reversed logical value |
| OR (WS) | Returns TRUE if any of the conditions are TRUE |
| OR (VBA) | Returns TRUE if any of the conditions are TRUE |
| SWITCH (WS) | Compares an expression to a list of values and returns the corresponding result |
| SWITCH (VBA) | Evaluates a list of expressions and returns the corresponding value for the first expression in the list that is TRUE |
| TRUE (WS) | Returns a logical value of TRUE |
| WHILE…WEND (VBA) | Used to create a WHILE LOOP |
| CELL (WS) | Used to retrieve information about a cell such as contents, formatting, size, etc. |
| ENVIRON (VBA) | Returns the value of an operating system environment variable |
| ERROR.TYPE (WS) | Returns the numeric representation of an Excel error |
| INFO (WS) | Returns information about the operating environment |
| ISBLANK (WS) | Used to check for blank or null values |
| ISDATE (VBA) | Returns TRUE if the expression is a valid date |
| ISEMPTY (VBA) | Used to check for blank cells or uninitialized variables |
| ISERR (WS) | Used to check for error values except #N/A |
| ISERROR (WS, VBA) | Used to check for error values |
| ISLOGICAL (WS) | Used to check for a logical value (TRUE or FALSE) |
| ISNA (WS) | Used to check for #N/A error |
| ISNONTEXT (WS) | Used to check for a value that is not text |
| ISNULL (VBA) | Used to check for a NULL value |
| ISNUMBER (WS) | Used to check for a numeric value |
| ISNUMERIC (VBA) | Used to check for a numeric value |
| ISREF (WS) | Used to check for a reference |
| ISTEXT (WS) | Used to check for a text value |
| N (WS) | Converts a value to a number |
| NA (WS) | Returns the #N/A error value |
| TYPE (WS) | Returns the type of a value |
| ACCRINT (WS) | Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest on a periodic basis |
| ACCRINTM (WS) | Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity |
| AMORDEGRC (WS) | Returns the linear depreciation of an asset for each accounting period, on a prorated basis |
| AMORLINC (WS) | Returns the depreciation of an asset for each accounting period, on a prorated basis |
| DB (WS) | Returns the depreciation of an asset based on the fixed-declining balance method |
| DDB (WS, VBA) | Returns the depreciation of an asset based on the double-declining balance method |
| FV (WS, VBA) | Returns the future value of an investment |
| IPMT (WS, VBA) | Returns the interest payment for an investment |
| IRR (WS, VBA) | Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows |
| ISPMT (WS) | Returns the interest payment for an investment |
| MIRR (WS, VBA) | Returns the modified internal rate of return for a series of cash flows |
| NPER (WS, VBA) | Returns the number of periods for an investment |
| NPV (WS, VBA) | Returns the net present value of an investment |
| PMT (WS, VBA) | Returns the payment amount for a loan |
| PPMT (WS, VBA) | Returns the payment on the principal for a particular payment |
| PV (WS, VBA) | Returns the present value of an investment |
| RATE (WS, VBA) | Returns the interest rate for an annuity |
| SLN (WS, VBA) | Returns the depreciation of an asset based on the straight-line depreciation method |
| SYD (WS, VBA) | Returns the depreciation of an asset based on the sum-of-years’ digits depreciation method |
| VDB (WS) | Returns the depreciation of an asset based on a variable declining balance depreciation method |
| XIRR (WS) | Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows that may not be periodic |
| DAVERAGE (WS) | Averages all numbers in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria |
| DCOUNT (WS) | Returns the number of cells in a column or database that contains numeric values and meets a given criteria |
| DCOUNTA (WS) | Returns the number of cells in a column or database that contains nonblank values and meets a given criteria |
| DGET (WS) | Retrieves from a database a single record that matches a given criteria |
| DMAX (WS) | Returns the largest number in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria |
| DMIN (WS) | Returns the smallest number in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria |
| DPRODUCT (WS) | Returns the product of the numbers in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria |
| DSTDEV (WS) | Returns the standard deviation of a population based on a sample of numbers |
| DSTDEVP (WS) | Returns the standard deviation of a population based on the entire population of numbers |
| DSUM (WS) | Sums the numbers in a column or database that meets a given criteria |
| DVAR (WS) | Returns the variance of a population based on a sample of numbers |
| DVARP (WS) | Returns the variance of a population based on the entire population of numbers |
| BIN2DEC (WS) | Converts a binary number to a decimal number |
| BIN2HEX (WS) | Converts a binary number to a hexadecimal number |
| BIN2OCT (WS) | Converts a binary number to an octal number |
| COMPLEX (WS) | Converts coefficients (real and imaginary) into a complex number |
| CONVERT (WS) | Convert a number from one measurement unit to another measurement unit |
| CHDIR (VBA) | Used to change the current directory or folder |
| CHDRIVE (VBA) | Used to change the current drive |
| CURDIR (VBA) | Returns the current path |
| DIR (VBA) | Returns the first filename that matches the pathname and attributes specified |
| FILEDATETIME (VBA) | Returns the date and time of when a file was created or last modified |
| FILELEN (VBA) | Returns the size of a file in bytes |
| GETATTR (VBA) | Returns an integer that represents the attributes of a file, folder, or directory |
| MKDIR (VBA) | Used to create a new folder or directory |
| SETATTR (VBA) | Used to set the attributes of a file |
| CBOOL (VBA) | Converts a value to a boolean |
| CBYTE (VBA) | Converts a value to a byte (ie: number between 0 and 255) |
| CCUR (VBA) | Converts a value to currency |
| CDATE (VBA) | Converts a value to a date |
| CDBL (VBA) | Converts a value to a double |
| CDEC (VBA) | Converts a value to a decimal number |
| CINT (VBA) | Converts a value to an integer |
| CLNG (VBA) | Converts a value to a long integer |
| CSNG (VBA) | Converts a value to a single-precision number |
| CSTR (VBA) | Converts a value to a string |
| CVAR (VBA) | Converts a value to a variant |
More Lookup Functions
Other
In this post, you will find almost all excel functions and formulas in groups with short descriptions.
Function
You may find detailed information about certain formulas in our formulas section.
|
Lookup and Reference functions |
|
|
ADDRESS |
Returns a reference as text to a single cell in a worksheet |
|
AREAS |
Returns the number of areas in a reference |
|
CHOOSE |
Chooses a value from a list of values |
|
COLUMN |
Returns the column number of a reference |
|
COLUMNS |
Returns the number of columns in a reference |
|
HLOOKUP |
Looks in the top row of an array and returns the value of the indicated cell |
|
HYPERLINK |
Creates a shortcut or jump that opens a document stored on a network server, an intranet, or the Internet |
|
INDEX |
Uses an index to choose a value from a reference or array |
|
INDIRECT |
Returns a reference indicated by a text value |
|
LOOKUP |
Looks up values in a vector or array |
|
MATCH |
Looks up values in a reference or array |
|
OFFSET |
Returns a reference offset from a given reference |
|
ROW |
Returns the row number of a reference |
|
ROWS |
Returns the number of rows in a reference |
|
RTD |
Retrieves real-time data from a program that supports COM automation |
|
TRANSPOSE |
Returns the transpose of an array |
|
VLOOKUP |
Looks in the first column of an array and moves across the row to return the value of a cell |
|
Financial functions |
|
|
ACCRINT |
Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest |
|
ACCRINTM |
Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity |
|
AMORDEGRC |
Returns the depreciation for each accounting period by using a depreciation coefficient |
|
AMORLINC |
Returns the depreciation for each accounting period |
|
COUPDAYBS |
Returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date |
|
COUPDAYS |
Returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date |
|
COUPDAYSNC |
Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date |
|
COUPNCD |
Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date |
|
COUPNUM |
Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and maturity date |
|
COUPPCD |
Returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date |
|
CUMIPMT |
Returns the cumulative interest paid between two periods |
|
CUMPRINC |
Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods |
|
DB |
Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the fixed-declining balance method |
|
DDB |
Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the double-declining balance method or some other method you specify |
|
DISC |
Returns the discount rate for a security |
|
DOLLARDE |
Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number |
|
DOLLARFR |
Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number, into a dollar price, expressed as a fraction |
|
DURATION |
Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments |
|
EFFECT |
Returns the effective annual interest rate |
|
FV |
Returns the future value of an investment |
|
FVSCHEDULE |
Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series of compound interest rates |
|
INTRATE |
Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security |
|
IPMT |
Returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period |
|
IRR |
Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows |
|
ISPMT |
Calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment |
|
MDURATION |
Returns the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed par value of $100 |
|
MIRR |
Returns the internal rate of return where positive and negative cash flows are financed at different rates |
|
NOMINAL |
Returns the annual nominal interest rate |
|
NPER |
Returns the number of periods for an investment |
|
NPV |
Returns the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate |
|
ODDFPRICE |
Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period |
|
ODDFYIELD |
Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period |
|
ODDLPRICE |
Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period |
|
ODDLYIELD |
Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period |
|
PMT |
Returns the periodic payment for an annuity |
|
PPMT |
Returns the payment on the principal for an investment for a given period |
|
PRICE |
Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest |
|
PRICEDISC |
Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security |
|
PRICEMAT |
Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity |
|
PV |
Returns the present value of an investment |
|
RATE |
Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity |
|
RECEIVED |
Returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security |
|
SLN |
Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period |
|
SYD |
Returns the sum-of-years’ digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period |
|
TBILLEQ |
Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill |
|
TBILLPRICE |
Returns the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill |
|
TBILLYIELD |
Returns the yield for a Treasury bill |
|
VDB |
Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period using a declining balance method |
|
XIRR |
Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic |
|
XNPV |
Returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic |
|
YIELD |
Returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest |
|
YIELDDISC |
Returns the annual yield for a discounted security; for example, a Treasury bill |
|
YIELDMAT |
Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity |
|
Date and Time functions |
|
|
DATE |
Returns the serial number of a particular date |
|
DATEVALUE |
Converts a date in the form of text to a serial number |
|
DAY |
Converts a serial number to a day of the month |
|
DAYS360 |
Calculates the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year |
|
EDATE |
Returns the serial number of the date that is the indicated number of months before or after the start date |
|
EOMONTH |
Returns the serial number of the last day of the month before or after a specified number of months |
|
HOUR |
Converts a serial number to an hour |
|
MINUTE |
Converts a serial number to a minute |
|
MONTH |
Converts a serial number to a month |
|
NETWORKDAYS |
Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates |
|
NOW |
Returns the serial number of the current date and time |
|
SECOND |
Converts a serial number to a second |
|
TIME |
Returns the serial number of a particular time |
|
TIMEVALUE |
Converts a time in the form of text to a serial number |
|
TODAY |
Returns the serial number of today’s date |
|
WEEKDAY |
Converts a serial number to a day of the week |
|
WEEKNUM |
Converts a serial number to a number representing where the week falls numerically with a year |
|
WORKDAY |
Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays |
|
YEAR |
Converts a serial number to a year |
|
YEARFRAC |
Returns the year fraction representing the number of whole days between start_date and end_date |
|
Math and Trigonometry functions |
|
|
ABS |
Returns the absolute value of a number |
|
ACOS |
Returns the arccosine of a number |
|
ACOSH |
Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number |
|
ASIN |
Returns the arcsine of a number |
|
ASINH |
Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number |
|
ATAN |
Returns the arctangent of a number |
|
ATAN2 |
Returns the arctangent from x- and y-coordinates |
|
ATANH |
Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number |
|
CEILING |
Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance |
|
COMBIN |
Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objects |
|
COS |
Returns the cosine of a number |
|
COSH |
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number |
|
DEGREES |
Converts radians to degrees |
|
EVEN |
Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer |
|
EXP |
Returns e raised to the power of a given number |
|
FACT |
Returns the factorial of a number |
|
FACTDOUBLE |
Returns the double factorial of a number |
|
FLOOR |
Rounds a number down, toward zero |
|
GCD |
Returns the greatest common divisor |
|
INT |
Rounds a number down to the nearest integer |
|
LCM |
Returns the least common multiple |
|
LN |
Returns the natural logarithm of a number |
|
LOG |
Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base |
|
LOG10 |
Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number |
|
MDETERM |
Returns the matrix determinant of an array |
|
MINVERSE |
Returns the matrix inverse of an array |
|
MMULT |
Returns the matrix product of two arrays |
|
MOD |
Returns the remainder from division |
|
MROUND |
Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple |
|
MULTINOMIAL |
Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers |
|
ODD |
Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer |
|
PI |
Returns the value of pi |
|
POWER |
Returns the result of a number raised to a power |
|
PRODUCT |
Multiplies its arguments |
|
QUOTIENT |
Returns the integer portion of a division |
|
RADIANS |
Converts degrees to radians |
|
RAND |
Returns a random number between 0 and 1 |
|
RANDBETWEEN |
Returns a random number between the numbers you specify |
|
ROMAN |
Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as text |
|
ROUND |
Rounds a number to a specified number of digits |
|
ROUNDDOWN |
Rounds a number down, toward zero |
|
ROUNDUP |
Rounds a number up, away from zero |
|
SERIESSUM |
Returns the sum of a power series based on the formula |
|
SIGN |
Returns the sign of a number |
|
SIN |
Returns the sine of the given angle |
|
SINH |
Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number |
|
SQRT |
Returns a positive square root |
|
SQRTPI |
Returns the square root of (number * pi) |
|
SUBTOTAL |
Returns a subtotal in a list or database |
|
SUM |
Adds its arguments |
|
SUMIF |
Adds the cells specified by a given criteria |
|
SUMPRODUCT |
Returns the sum of the products of corresponding array components |
|
SUMSQ |
Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments |
|
SUMX2MY2 |
Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays |
|
SUMX2PY2 |
Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays |
|
SUMXMY2 |
Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays |
|
TAN |
Returns the tangent of a number |
|
TANH |
Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number |
|
TRUNC |
Truncates a number to an integer |
|
Statistical functions |
|
|
AVEDEV |
Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean |
|
AVERAGE |
Returns the average of its arguments |
|
AVERAGEA |
Returns the average of its arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values |
|
BETADIST |
Returns the beta cumulative distribution function |
|
BETAINV |
Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution |
|
BINOMDIST |
Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability |
|
CHIDIST |
Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution |
|
CHIINV |
Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution |
|
CHITEST |
Returns the test for independence |
|
CONFIDENCE |
Returns the confidence interval for a population mean |
|
CORREL |
Returns the correlation coefficient between two data sets |
|
COUNT |
Counts how many numbers are in the list of arguments |
|
COUNTA |
Counts how many values are in the list of arguments |
|
COUNTBLANK |
Counts the number of blank cells within a range |
|
COUNTIF |
Counts the number of nonblank cells within a range that meet the given criteria |
|
COVAR |
Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations |
|
CRITBINOM |
Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value |
|
DEVSQ |
Returns the sum of squares of deviations |
|
EXPONDIST |
Returns the exponential distribution |
|
FDIST |
Returns the F probability distribution |
|
FINV |
Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution |
|
FISHER |
Returns the Fisher transformation |
|
FISHERINV |
Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation |
|
FORECAST |
Returns a value along a linear trend |
|
FREQUENCY |
Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical array |
|
FTEST |
Returns the result of an F-test |
|
GAMMADIST |
Returns the gamma distribution |
|
GAMMAINV |
Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution |
|
GAMMALN |
Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x) |
|
GEOMEAN |
Returns the geometric mean |
|
GROWTH |
Returns values along an exponential trend |
|
HARMEAN |
Returns the harmonic mean |
|
HYPGEOMDIST |
Returns the hypergeometric distribution |
|
INTERCEPT |
Returns the intercept of the linear regression line |
|
KURT |
Returns the kurtosis of a data set |
|
LARGE |
Returns the k-th largest value in a data set |
|
LINEST |
Returns the parameters of a linear trend |
|
LOGEST |
Returns the parameters of an exponential trend |
|
LOGINV |
Returns the inverse of the lognormal distribution |
|
LOGNORMDIST |
Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution |
|
MAX |
Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments |
|
MAXA |
Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values |
|
MEDIAN |
Returns the median of the given numbers |
|
MIN |
Returns the minimum value in a list of arguments |
|
MINA |
Returns the smallest value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values |
|
MODE |
Returns the most common value in a data set |
|
NEGBINOMDIST |
Returns the negative binomial distribution |
|
NORMDIST |
Returns the normal cumulative distribution |
|
NORMINV |
Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution |
|
NORMSDIST |
Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution |
|
NORMSINV |
Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution |
|
PEARSON |
Returns the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient |
|
PERCENTILE |
Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range |
|
PERCENTRANK |
Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set |
|
PERMUT |
Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects |
|
POISSON |
Returns the Poisson distribution |
|
PROB |
Returns the probability that values in a range are between two limits |
|
QUARTILE |
Returns the quartile of a data set |
|
RANK |
Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers |
|
RSQ |
Returns the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient |
|
SKEW |
Returns the skewness of a distribution |
|
SLOPE |
Returns the slope of the linear regression line |
|
SMALL |
Returns the k-th smallest value in a data set |
|
STANDARDIZE |
Returns a normalized value |
|
STDEV |
Estimates standard deviation based on a sample |
|
STDEVA |
Estimates standard deviation based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values |
|
STDEVP |
Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population |
|
STDEVPA |
Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values |
|
STEYX |
Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression |
|
TDIST |
Returns the Student’s t-distribution |
|
TINV |
Returns the inverse of the Student’s t-distribution |
|
TREND |
Returns values along a linear trend |
|
TRIMMEAN |
Returns the mean of the interior of a data set |
|
TTEST |
Returns the probability associated with a Student’s t-test |
|
VAR |
Estimates variance based on a sample |
|
VARA |
Estimates variance based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values |
|
VARP |
Calculates variance based on the entire population |
|
VARPA |
Calculates variance based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values |
|
WEIBULL |
Returns the Weibull distribution |
|
ZTEST |
Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test |
|
Database and List Management functions |
|
|
DAVERAGE |
Returns the average of selected database entries |
|
DCOUNT |
Counts the cells that contain numbers in a database |
|
DCOUNTA |
Counts nonblank cells in a database |
|
DGET |
Extracts from a database a single record that matches the specified criteria |
|
DMAX |
Returns the maximum value from selected database entries |
|
DMIN |
Returns the minimum value from selected database entries |
|
DPRODUCT |
Multiplies the values in a particular field of records that match the criteria in a database |
|
DSTDEV |
Estimates the standard deviation based on a sample of selected database entries |
|
DSTDEVP |
Calculates the standard deviation based on the entire population of selected database entries |
|
DSUM |
Adds the numbers in the field column of records in the database that match the criteria |
|
DVAR |
Estimates variance based on a sample from selected database entries |
|
DVARP |
Calculates variance based on the entire population of selected database entries |
|
GETPIVOTDATA |
Returns data stored in a PivotTable |
|
Text and Data functions |
|
|
ASC |
Changes full-width (double-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to half-width (single-byte) characters |
|
BAHTTEXT |
Converts a number to text, using the ß (baht) currency format |
|
CHAR |
Returns the character specified by the code number |
|
CLEAN |
Removes all nonprintable characters from text |
|
CODE |
Returns a numeric code for the first character in a text string |
|
CONCATENATE |
Joins several text items into one text item |
|
DOLLAR |
Converts a number to text, using the $ (dollar) currency format |
|
EXACT |
Checks to see if two text values are identical |
|
FIND |
Finds one text value within another (case-sensitive) |
|
FIXED |
Formats a number as text with a fixed number of decimals |
|
JIS |
Changes half-width (single-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to full-width (double-byte) characters |
|
LEFT |
Returns the leftmost characters from a text value |
|
LEN |
Returns the number of characters in a text string |
|
LOWER |
Converts text to lowercase |
|
MID |
Returns a specific number of characters from a text string starting at the position you specify |
|
PHONETIC |
Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters from a text string |
|
PROPER |
Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a text value |
|
REPLACE |
Replaces characters within text |
|
REPT |
Repeats text a given number of times |
|
RIGHT |
Returns the rightmost characters from a text value |
|
SEARCH |
Finds one text value within another (not case-sensitive) |
|
SUBSTITUTE |
Substitutes new text for old text in a text string |
|
T |
Converts its arguments to text |
|
TEXT |
Formats a number and converts it to text |
|
TRIM |
Removes spaces from text |
|
UPPER |
Converts text to uppercase |
|
VALUE |
Converts a text argument to a number |
|
Logical functions |
|
|
AND |
Returns TRUE if all its arguments are TRUE |
|
FALSE |
Returns the logical value FALSE |
|
IF |
Specifies a logical test to perform |
|
NOT |
Reverses the logic of its argument |
|
OR |
Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE |
|
TRUE |
Returns the logical value TRUE |
|
Information functions |
|
|
CELL |
Returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell |
|
ERROR.TYPE |
Returns a number corresponding to an error type |
|
INFO |
Returns information about the current operating environment |
|
ISBLANK |
Returns TRUE if the value is blank |
|
ISERR |
Returns TRUE if the value is any error value except #N/A |
|
ISERROR |
Returns TRUE if the value is any error value |
|
ISEVEN |
Returns TRUE if the number is even |
|
ISLOGICAL |
Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value |
|
ISNA |
Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value |
|
ISNONTEXT |
Returns TRUE if the value is not text |
|
ISNUMBER |
Returns TRUE if the value is a number |
|
ISODD |
Returns TRUE if the number is odd |
|
ISREF |
Returns TRUE if the value is a reference |
|
ISTEXT |
Returns TRUE if the value is text |
|
N |
Returns a value converted to a number |
|
NA |
Returns the error value #N/A |
|
TYPE |
Returns a number indicating the data type of a value |
|
Engineering functions |
|
|
BESSELI |
Returns the modified Bessel function In(x) |
|
BESSELJ |
Returns the Bessel function Jn(x) |
|
BESSELK |
Returns the modified Bessel function Kn(x) |
|
BESSELY |
Returns the Bessel function Yn(x) |
|
BIN2DEC |
Converts a binary number to decimal |
|
BIN2HEX |
Converts a binary number to hexadecimal |
|
BIN2OCT |
Converts a binary number to octal |
|
COMPLEX |
Converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number |
|
CONVERT |
Converts a number from one measurement system to another |
|
DEC2BIN |
Converts a decimal number to binary |
|
DEC2HEX |
Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal |
|
DEC2OCT |
Converts a decimal number to octal |
|
DELTA |
Tests whether two values are equal |
|
ERF |
Returns the error function |
|
ERFC |
Returns the complementary error function |
|
GESTEP |
Tests whether a number is greater than a threshold value |
|
HEX2BIN |
Converts a hexadecimal number to binary |
|
HEX2DEC |
Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal |
|
HEX2OCT |
Converts a hexadecimal number to octal |
|
IMABS |
Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number |
|
IMAGINARY |
Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number |
|
IMARGUMENT |
Returns the argument theta, an angle expressed in radians |
|
IMCONJUGATE |
Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number |
|
IMCOS |
Returns the cosine of a complex number |
|
IMDIV |
Returns the quotient of two complex numbers |
|
IMEXP |
Returns the exponential of a complex number |
|
IMLN |
Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number |
|
IMLOG10 |
Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number |
|
IMLOG2 |
Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number |
|
IMPOWER |
Returns a complex number raised to an integer power |
|
IMPRODUCT |
Returns the product of from 2 to 29 complex numbers |
|
IMREAL |
Returns the real coefficient of a complex number |
|
IMSIN |
Returns the sine of a complex number |
|
IMSQRT |
Returns the square root of a complex number |
|
IMSUB |
Returns the difference between two complex numbers |
|
IMSUM |
Returns the sum of complex numbers |
|
OCT2BIN |
Converts an octal number to binary |
|
OCT2DEC |
Converts an octal number to decimal |
|
OCT2HEX |
Converts an octal number to hexadecimal |
|
Lookup and Reference functions |
|
|
ADDRESS |
Returns a reference as text to a single cell in a worksheet |
|
AREAS |
Returns the number of areas in a reference |
|
CHOOSE |
Chooses a value from a list of values |
|
COLUMN |
Returns the column number of a reference |
|
COLUMNS |
Returns the number of columns in a reference |
|
HLOOKUP |
Looks in the top row of an array and returns the value of the indicated cell |
|
HYPERLINK |
Creates a shortcut or jump that opens a document stored on a network server, an intranet, or the Internet |
|
INDEX |
Uses an index to choose a value from a reference or array |
|
INDIRECT |
Returns a reference indicated by a text value |
|
LOOKUP |
Looks up values in a vector or array |
|
MATCH |
Looks up values in a reference or array |
|
OFFSET |
Returns a reference offset from a given reference |
|
ROW |
Returns the row number of a reference |
|
ROWS |
Returns the number of rows in a reference |
|
RTD |
Retrieves real-time data from a program that supports COM automation |
|
TRANSPOSE |
Returns the transpose of an array |
|
VLOOKUP |
Looks in the first column of an array and moves across the row to return the value of a cell |
|
Financial functions |
|
|
ACCRINT |
Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest |
|
ACCRINTM |
Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity |
|
AMORDEGRC |
Returns the depreciation for each accounting period by using a depreciation coefficient |
|
AMORLINC |
Returns the depreciation for each accounting period |
|
COUPDAYBS |
Returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date |
|
COUPDAYS |
Returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date |
|
COUPDAYSNC |
Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date |
|
COUPNCD |
Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date |
|
COUPNUM |
Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and maturity date |
|
COUPPCD |
Returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date |
|
CUMIPMT |
Returns the cumulative interest paid between two periods |
|
CUMPRINC |
Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods |
|
DB |
Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the fixed-declining balance method |
|
DDB |
Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the double-declining balance method or some other method you specify |
|
DISC |
Returns the discount rate for a security |
|
DOLLARDE |
Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number |
|
DOLLARFR |
Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number, into a dollar price, expressed as a fraction |
|
DURATION |
Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments |
|
EFFECT |
Returns the effective annual interest rate |
|
FV |
Returns the future value of an investment |
|
FVSCHEDULE |
Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series of compound interest rates |
|
INTRATE |
Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security |
|
IPMT |
Returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period |
|
IRR |
Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows |
|
ISPMT |
Calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment |
|
MDURATION |
Returns the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed par value of $100 |
|
MIRR |
Returns the internal rate of return where positive and negative cash flows are financed at different rates |
|
NOMINAL |
Returns the annual nominal interest rate |
|
NPER |
Returns the number of periods for an investment |
|
NPV |
Returns the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate |
|
ODDFPRICE |
Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period |
|
ODDFYIELD |
Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period |
|
ODDLPRICE |
Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period |
|
ODDLYIELD |
Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period |
|
PMT |
Returns the periodic payment for an annuity |
|
PPMT |
Returns the payment on the principal for an investment for a given period |
|
PRICE |
Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest |
|
PRICEDISC |
Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security |
|
PRICEMAT |
Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity |
|
PV |
Returns the present value of an investment |
|
RATE |
Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity |
|
RECEIVED |
Returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security |
|
SLN |
Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period |
|
SYD |
Returns the sum-of-years’ digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period |
|
TBILLEQ |
Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill |
|
TBILLPRICE |
Returns the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill |
|
TBILLYIELD |
Returns the yield for a Treasury bill |
|
VDB |
Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period using a declining balance method |
|
XIRR |
Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic |
|
XNPV |
Returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic |
|
YIELD |
Returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest |
|
YIELDDISC |
Returns the annual yield for a discounted security; for example, a Treasury bill |
|
YIELDMAT |
Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity |
|
Date and Time functions |
|
|
DATE |
Returns the serial number of a particular date |
|
DATEVALUE |
Converts a date in the form of text to a serial number |
|
DAY |
Converts a serial number to a day of the month |
|
DAYS360 |
Calculates the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year |
|
EDATE |
Returns the serial number of the date that is the indicated number of months before or after the start date |
|
EOMONTH |
Returns the serial number of the last day of the month before or after a specified number of months |
|
HOUR |
Converts a serial number to an hour |
|
MINUTE |
Converts a serial number to a minute |
|
MONTH |
Converts a serial number to a month |
|
NETWORKDAYS |
Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates |
|
NOW |
Returns the serial number of the current date and time |
|
SECOND |
Converts a serial number to a second |
|
TIME |
Returns the serial number of a particular time |
|
TIMEVALUE |
Converts a time in the form of text to a serial number |
|
TODAY |
Returns the serial number of today’s date |
|
WEEKDAY |
Converts a serial number to a day of the week |
|
WEEKNUM |
Converts a serial number to a number representing where the week falls numerically with a year |
|
WORKDAY |
Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays |
|
YEAR |
Converts a serial number to a year |
|
YEARFRAC |
Returns the year fraction representing the number of whole days between start_date and end_date |
|
Math and Trigonometry functions |
|
|
ABS |
Returns the absolute value of a number |
|
ACOS |
Returns the arccosine of a number |
|
ACOSH |
Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number |
|
ASIN |
Returns the arcsine of a number |
|
ASINH |
Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number |
|
ATAN |
Returns the arctangent of a number |
|
ATAN2 |
Returns the arctangent from x- and y-coordinates |
|
ATANH |
Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number |
|
CEILING |
Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance |
|
COMBIN |
Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objects |
|
COS |
Returns the cosine of a number |
|
COSH |
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number |
|
DEGREES |
Converts radians to degrees |
|
EVEN |
Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer |
|
EXP |
Returns e raised to the power of a given number |
|
FACT |
Returns the factorial of a number |
|
FACTDOUBLE |
Returns the double factorial of a number |
|
FLOOR |
Rounds a number down, toward zero |
|
GCD |
Returns the greatest common divisor |
|
INT |
Rounds a number down to the nearest integer |
|
LCM |
Returns the least common multiple |
|
LN |
Returns the natural logarithm of a number |
|
LOG |
Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base |
|
LOG10 |
Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number |
|
MDETERM |
Returns the matrix determinant of an array |
|
MINVERSE |
Returns the matrix inverse of an array |
|
MMULT |
Returns the matrix product of two arrays |
|
MOD |
Returns the remainder from division |
|
MROUND |
Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple |
|
MULTINOMIAL |
Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers |
|
ODD |
Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer |
|
PI |
Returns the value of pi |
|
POWER |
Returns the result of a number raised to a power |
|
PRODUCT |
Multiplies its arguments |
|
QUOTIENT |
Returns the integer portion of a division |
|
RADIANS |
Converts degrees to radians |
|
RAND |
Returns a random number between 0 and 1 |
|
RANDBETWEEN |
Returns a random number between the numbers you specify |
|
ROMAN |
Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as text |
|
ROUND |
Rounds a number to a specified number of digits |
|
ROUNDDOWN |
Rounds a number down, toward zero |
|
ROUNDUP |
Rounds a number up, away from zero |
|
SERIESSUM |
Returns the sum of a power series based on the formula |
|
SIGN |
Returns the sign of a number |
|
SIN |
Returns the sine of the given angle |
|
SINH |
Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number |
|
SQRT |
Returns a positive square root |
|
SQRTPI |
Returns the square root of (number * pi) |
|
SUBTOTAL |
Returns a subtotal in a list or database |
|
SUM |
Adds its arguments |
|
SUMIF |
Adds the cells specified by a given criteria |
|
SUMPRODUCT |
Returns the sum of the products of corresponding array components |
|
SUMSQ |
Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments |
|
SUMX2MY2 |
Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays |
|
SUMX2PY2 |
Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays |
|
SUMXMY2 |
Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays |
|
TAN |
Returns the tangent of a number |
|
TANH |
Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number |
|
TRUNC |
Truncates a number to an integer |
|
Statistical functions |
|
|
AVEDEV |
Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean |
|
AVERAGE |
Returns the average of its arguments |
|
AVERAGEA |
Returns the average of its arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values |
|
BETADIST |
Returns the beta cumulative distribution function |
|
BETAINV |
Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution |
|
BINOMDIST |
Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability |
|
CHIDIST |
Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution |
|
CHIINV |
Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution |
|
CHITEST |
Returns the test for independence |
|
CONFIDENCE |
Returns the confidence interval for a population mean |
|
CORREL |
Returns the correlation coefficient between two data sets |
|
COUNT |
Counts how many numbers are in the list of arguments |
|
COUNTA |
Counts how many values are in the list of arguments |
|
COUNTBLANK |
Counts the number of blank cells within a range |
|
COUNTIF |
Counts the number of nonblank cells within a range that meet the given criteria |
|
COVAR |
Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations |
|
CRITBINOM |
Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value |
|
DEVSQ |
Returns the sum of squares of deviations |
|
EXPONDIST |
Returns the exponential distribution |
|
FDIST |
Returns the F probability distribution |
|
FINV |
Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution |
|
FISHER |
Returns the Fisher transformation |
|
FISHERINV |
Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation |
|
FORECAST |
Returns a value along a linear trend |
|
FREQUENCY |
Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical array |
|
FTEST |
Returns the result of an F-test |
|
GAMMADIST |
Returns the gamma distribution |
|
GAMMAINV |
Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution |
|
GAMMALN |
Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x) |
|
GEOMEAN |
Returns the geometric mean |
|
GROWTH |
Returns values along an exponential trend |
|
HARMEAN |
Returns the harmonic mean |
|
HYPGEOMDIST |
Returns the hypergeometric distribution |
|
INTERCEPT |
Returns the intercept of the linear regression line |
|
KURT |
Returns the kurtosis of a data set |
|
LARGE |
Returns the k-th largest value in a data set |
|
LINEST |
Returns the parameters of a linear trend |
|
LOGEST |
Returns the parameters of an exponential trend |
|
LOGINV |
Returns the inverse of the lognormal distribution |
|
LOGNORMDIST |
Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution |
|
MAX |
Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments |
|
MAXA |
Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values |
|
MEDIAN |
Returns the median of the given numbers |
|
MIN |
Returns the minimum value in a list of arguments |
|
MINA |
Returns the smallest value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values |
|
MODE |
Returns the most common value in a data set |
|
NEGBINOMDIST |
Returns the negative binomial distribution |
|
NORMDIST |
Returns the normal cumulative distribution |
|
NORMINV |
Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution |
|
NORMSDIST |
Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution |
|
NORMSINV |
Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution |
|
PEARSON |
Returns the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient |
|
PERCENTILE |
Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range |
|
PERCENTRANK |
Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set |
|
PERMUT |
Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects |
|
POISSON |
Returns the Poisson distribution |
|
PROB |
Returns the probability that values in a range are between two limits |
|
QUARTILE |
Returns the quartile of a data set |
|
RANK |
Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers |
|
RSQ |
Returns the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient |
|
SKEW |
Returns the skewness of a distribution |
|
SLOPE |
Returns the slope of the linear regression line |
|
SMALL |
Returns the k-th smallest value in a data set |
|
STANDARDIZE |
Returns a normalized value |
|
STDEV |
Estimates standard deviation based on a sample |
|
STDEVA |
Estimates standard deviation based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values |
|
STDEVP |
Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population |
|
STDEVPA |
Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values |
|
STEYX |
Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression |
|
TDIST |
Returns the Student’s t-distribution |
|
TINV |
Returns the inverse of the Student’s t-distribution |
|
TREND |
Returns values along a linear trend |
|
TRIMMEAN |
Returns the mean of the interior of a data set |
|
TTEST |
Returns the probability associated with a Student’s t-test |
|
VAR |
Estimates variance based on a sample |
|
VARA |
Estimates variance based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values |
|
VARP |
Calculates variance based on the entire population |
|
VARPA |
Calculates variance based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values |
|
WEIBULL |
Returns the Weibull distribution |
|
ZTEST |
Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test |
|
Database and List Management functions |
|
|
DAVERAGE |
Returns the average of selected database entries |
|
DCOUNT |
Counts the cells that contain numbers in a database |
|
DCOUNTA |
Counts nonblank cells in a database |
|
DGET |
Extracts from a database a single record that matches the specified criteria |
|
DMAX |
Returns the maximum value from selected database entries |
|
DMIN |
Returns the minimum value from selected database entries |
|
DPRODUCT |
Multiplies the values in a particular field of records that match the criteria in a database |
|
DSTDEV |
Estimates the standard deviation based on a sample of selected database entries |
|
DSTDEVP |
Calculates the standard deviation based on the entire population of selected database entries |
|
DSUM |
Adds the numbers in the field column of records in the database that match the criteria |
|
DVAR |
Estimates variance based on a sample from selected database entries |
|
DVARP |
Calculates variance based on the entire population of selected database entries |
|
GETPIVOTDATA |
Returns data stored in a PivotTable |
|
Text and Data functions |
|
|
ASC |
Changes full-width (double-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to half-width (single-byte) characters |
|
BAHTTEXT |
Converts a number to text, using the ß (baht) currency format |
|
CHAR |
Returns the character specified by the code number |
|
CLEAN |
Removes all nonprintable characters from text |
|
CODE |
Returns a numeric code for the first character in a text string |
|
CONCATENATE |
Joins several text items into one text item |
|
DOLLAR |
Converts a number to text, using the $ (dollar) currency format |
|
EXACT |
Checks to see if two text values are identical |
|
FIND |
Finds one text value within another (case-sensitive) |
|
FIXED |
Formats a number as text with a fixed number of decimals |
|
JIS |
Changes half-width (single-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to full-width (double-byte) characters |
|
LEFT |
Returns the leftmost characters from a text value |
|
LEN |
Returns the number of characters in a text string |
|
LOWER |
Converts text to lowercase |
|
MID |
Returns a specific number of characters from a text string starting at the position you specify |
|
PHONETIC |
Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters from a text string |
|
PROPER |
Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a text value |
|
REPLACE |
Replaces characters within text |
|
REPT |
Repeats text a given number of times |
|
RIGHT |
Returns the rightmost characters from a text value |
|
SEARCH |
Finds one text value within another (not case-sensitive) |
|
SUBSTITUTE |
Substitutes new text for old text in a text string |
|
T |
Converts its arguments to text |
|
TEXT |
Formats a number and converts it to text |
|
TRIM |
Removes spaces from text |
|
UPPER |
Converts text to uppercase |
|
VALUE |
Converts a text argument to a number |
|
Logical functions |
|
|
AND |
Returns TRUE if all its arguments are TRUE |
|
FALSE |
Returns the logical value FALSE |
|
IF |
Specifies a logical test to perform |
|
NOT |
Reverses the logic of its argument |
|
OR |
Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE |
|
TRUE |
Returns the logical value TRUE |
|
Information functions |
|
|
CELL |
Returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell |
|
ERROR.TYPE |
Returns a number corresponding to an error type |
|
INFO |
Returns information about the current operating environment |
|
ISBLANK |
Returns TRUE if the value is blank |
|
ISERR |
Returns TRUE if the value is any error value except #N/A |
|
ISERROR |
Returns TRUE if the value is any error value |
|
ISEVEN |
Returns TRUE if the number is even |
|
ISLOGICAL |
Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value |
|
ISNA |
Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value |
|
ISNONTEXT |
Returns TRUE if the value is not text |
|
ISNUMBER |
Returns TRUE if the value is a number |
|
ISODD |
Returns TRUE if the number is odd |
|
ISREF |
Returns TRUE if the value is a reference |
|
ISTEXT |
Returns TRUE if the value is text |
|
N |
Returns a value converted to a number |
|
NA |
Returns the error value #N/A |
|
TYPE |
Returns a number indicating the data type of a value |
|
Engineering functions |
|
|
BESSELI |
Returns the modified Bessel function In(x) |
|
BESSELJ |
Returns the Bessel function Jn(x) |
|
BESSELK |
Returns the modified Bessel function Kn(x) |
|
BESSELY |
Returns the Bessel function Yn(x) |
|
BIN2DEC |
Converts a binary number to decimal |
|
BIN2HEX |
Converts a binary number to hexadecimal |
|
BIN2OCT |
Converts a binary number to octal |
|
COMPLEX |
Converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number |
|
CONVERT |
Converts a number from one measurement system to another |
|
DEC2BIN |
Converts a decimal number to binary |
|
DEC2HEX |
Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal |
|
DEC2OCT |
Converts a decimal number to octal |
|
DELTA |
Tests whether two values are equal |
|
ERF |
Returns the error function |
|
ERFC |
Returns the complementary error function |
|
GESTEP |
Tests whether a number is greater than a threshold value |
|
HEX2BIN |
Converts a hexadecimal number to binary |
|
HEX2DEC |
Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal |
|
HEX2OCT |
Converts a hexadecimal number to octal |
|
IMABS |
Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number |
|
IMAGINARY |
Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number |
|
IMARGUMENT |
Returns the argument theta, an angle expressed in radians |
|
IMCONJUGATE |
Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number |
|
IMCOS |
Returns the cosine of a complex number |
|
IMDIV |
Returns the quotient of two complex numbers |
|
IMEXP |
Returns the exponential of a complex number |
|
IMLN |
Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number |
|
IMLOG10 |
Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number |
|
IMLOG2 |
Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number |
|
IMPOWER |
Returns a complex number raised to an integer power |
|
IMPRODUCT |
Returns the product of from 2 to 29 complex numbers |
|
IMREAL |
Returns the real coefficient of a complex number |
|
IMSIN |
Returns the sine of a complex number |
|
IMSQRT |
Returns the square root of a complex number |
|
IMSUB |
Returns the difference between two complex numbers |
|
IMSUM |
Returns the sum of complex numbers |
|
OCT2BIN |
Converts an octal number to binary |
|
OCT2DEC |
Converts an octal number to decimal |
|
OCT2HEX |
Converts an octal number to hexadecimal |
Time-saving ways to insert formulas into Excel
Basic Excel Formulas Guide
Mastering the basic Excel formulas is critical for beginners to become highly proficient in financial analysis. Microsoft Excel is considered the industry standard piece of software in data analysis. Microsoft’s spreadsheet program also happens to be one of the most preferred software by investment bankers and financial analysts in data processing, financial modeling, and presentation.
This guide will provide an overview and list of some basic Excel functions.
Once you’ve mastered this list, move on to CFI’s advanced Excel formulas guide!
Basic Terms in Excel
There are two basic ways to perform calculations in Excel: Formulas and Functions.
1. Formulas
In Excel, a formula is an expression that operates on values in a range of cells or a cell. For example, =A1+A2+A3, which finds the sum of the range of values from cell A1 to cell A3.
2. Functions
Functions are predefined formulas in Excel. They eliminate laborious manual entry of formulas while giving them human-friendly names. For example: =SUM(A1:A3). The function sums all the values from A1 to A3.
Key Highlights
- Excel is still the industry benchmark for financial analysis and modeling across almost all corporate finance functions. This course is designed to highlight some of the most important basic Excel formulas.
- Mastering these will help a learner build confidence in Excel and move on to more difficult functions and formulas.
- There are also several different ways to enter a function in Excel, as shown below.
Five Time-saving Ways to Insert Data into Excel
When analyzing data, there are five common ways of inserting basic Excel formulas. Each strategy comes with its own advantages. Therefore, before diving further into the main formulas, we’ll clarify those methods, so you can create your preferred workflow earlier on.
1. Simple insertion: Typing a formula inside the cell
Typing a formula in a cell or the formula bar is the most straightforward method of inserting basic Excel formulas. The process usually starts by typing an equal sign, followed by the name of an Excel function.
Excel is quite intelligent in that when you start typing the name of the function, a pop-up function hint will show (see below). It’s from this list you’ll select your preference. However, don’t press the Enter key after making your selection. Instead, press the Tab key and Excel will automatically fill in the function name.
2. Using Insert Function Option from Formulas Tab
If you want full control of your function’s insertion, using the Excel Insert Function dialogue box is all you ever need. To achieve this, go to the Formulas tab and select the first menu labeled Insert Function. The dialogue box will contain all the functions you need to complete your financial analysis.
3. Selecting a Formula from One of the Groups in Formula Tab
This option is for those who want to delve into their favorite functions quickly. To find this menu, navigate to the Formulas tab and select your preferred group. Click to show a sub-menu filled with a list of functions.
From there, you can select your preference. However, if you find your preferred group is not on the tab, click on the More Functions option – it’s probably just hidden there.
4. Using AutoSum Option
For quick and everyday tasks, the AutoSum function is your go-to option. Navigate to the Formulas tab and click the AutoSum option. Then click the caret to show other hidden formulas. This option is also available in the Home tab.
5. Quick Insert: Use Recently Used Tabs
If you find re-typing your most recent formula a monotonous task, then use the Recently Used selection. It’s on the Formulas tab, a third menu option just next to AutoSum.
Free Excel Formulas YouTube Tutorial
Watch CFI’s FREE video tutorial to quickly learn the most important Excel formulas. By watching the video demonstration you’ll quickly learn the most important formulas and functions.
Seven Basic Excel Formulas For Your Workflow
Since you’re now able to insert your preferred formulas and function correctly, let’s check some fundamental Excel functions to get you started.
1. SUM
The SUM function is the first must-know formula in Excel. It usually aggregates values from a selection of columns or rows from your selected range.
=SUM(number1, [number2], …)
Example:
=SUM(B2:G2) – A simple selection that sums the values of a row.
=SUM(A2:A8) – A simple selection that sums the values of a column.
=SUM(A2:A7, A9, A12:A15) – A sophisticated collection that sums values from range A2 to A7, skips A8, adds A9, jumps A10 and A11, then finally adds from A12 to A15.
=SUM(A2:A8)/20 – Shows you can also turn your function into a formula.
2. AVERAGE
The AVERAGE function should remind you of simple averages of data, such as the average number of shareholders in a given shareholding pool.
=AVERAGE(number1, [number2], …)
Example:
=AVERAGE(B2:B11) – Shows a simple average, also similar to (SUM(B2:B11)/10)
3. COUNT
The COUNT function counts all cells in a given range that contain only numeric values.
=COUNT(value1, [value2], …)
Example:
COUNT(A:A) – Counts all values that are numerical in A column. However, you must adjust the range inside the formula to count rows.
COUNT(A1:C1) – Now it can count rows.
4. COUNTA
Like the COUNT function, COUNTA counts all cells in a given rage. However, it counts all cells regardless of type. That is, unlike COUNT that only counts numerics, it also counts dates, times, strings, logical values, errors, empty string, or text.
=COUNTA(value1, [value2], …)
Example:
COUNTA(C2:C13) – Counts rows 2 to 13 in column C regardless of type. However, like COUNT, you can’t use the same formula to count rows. You must make an adjustment to the selection inside the brackets – for example, COUNTA(C2:H2) will count columns C to H
5. IF
The IF function is often used when you want to sort your data according to a given logic. The best part of the IF formula is that you can embed formulas and functions in it.
=IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])
Example:
=IF(C2<D3,“TRUE”,”FALSE”) – Checks if the value at C3 is less than the value at D3. If the logic is true, let the cell value be TRUE, otherwise, FALSE
=IF(SUM(C1:C10) > SUM(D1:D10), SUM(C1:C10), SUM(D1:D10)) – An example of a complex IF statement. First, it sums C1 to C10 and D1 to D10, then it compares the sum. If the sum of C1 to C10 is greater than the sum of D1 to D10, then it makes the value of a cell equal to the sum of C1 to C10.
6. TRIM
The TRIM function makes sure your functions do not return errors due to extra spaces in your data. It ensures that all empty spaces are eliminated. Unlike other functions that can operate on a range of cells, TRIM only operates on a single cell. Therefore, it comes with the downside of adding duplicated data to your spreadsheet.
=TRIM(text)
Example:
TRIM(A2) – Removes empty spaces in the value in cell A2.
7. MAX & MIN
The MAX and MIN functions help in finding the maximum number and the minimum number in a range of values.
=MIN(number1, [number2], …)
Example:
=MIN(B2:C11) – Finds the minimum number between column B from B2 and column C from C2 to row 11 in both columns B and C.
=MAX(number1, [number2], …)
Example:
=MAX(B2:C11) – Similarly, it finds the maximum number between column B from B2 and column C from C2 to row 11 in both columns B and C.
More Resources
Thank you for reading CFI’s guide to basic Excel formulas. To continue your development as a world-class financial analyst, these additional CFI resources will be helpful:
- Advanced Excel Formulas
- Benefits of Excel Shortcuts
- Valuation Modeling in Excel
- See all Excel resources