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Overview of formulas in Excel

Get started on how to create formulas and use built-in functions to perform calculations and solve problems.

Important: The calculated results of formulas and some Excel worksheet functions may differ slightly between a Windows PC using x86 or x86-64 architecture and a Windows RT PC using ARM architecture. Learn more about the differences.

Important: In this article we discuss XLOOKUP and VLOOKUP, which are similar. Try using the new XLOOKUP function, an improved version of VLOOKUP that works in any direction and returns exact matches by default, making it easier and more convenient to use than its predecessor.

Create a formula that refers to values in other cells

Select a cell.
Type the equal sign =.

Note: Formulas in Excel always begin with the equal sign.
Select a cell or type its address in the selected cell.
Enter an operator. For example, – for subtraction.
Select the next cell, or type its address in the selected cell.
Press Enter. The result of the calculation appears in the cell with the formula.

See a formula

When a formula is entered into a cell, it also appears in the Formula bar.
To see a formula, select a cell, and it will appear in the formula bar.

Enter a formula that contains a built-in function

Select an empty cell.
Type an equal sign = and then type a function. For example, =SUM for getting the total sales.
Type an opening parenthesis (.
Select the range of cells, and then type a closing parenthesis).
Press Enter to get the result.

Download our Formulas tutorial workbook

We’ve put together a Get started with Formulas workbook that you can download. If you’re new to Excel, or even if you have some experience with it, you can walk through Excel’s most common formulas in this tour. With real-world examples and helpful visuals, you’ll be able to Sum, Count, Average, and Vlookup like a pro.

Formulas in-depth

You can browse through the individual sections below to learn more about specific formula elements.

A formula can also contain any or all of the following: functions, references, operators, and constants.

Parts of a formula

1. Functions: The PI() function returns the value of pi: 3.142…

2. References: A2 returns the value in cell A2.

3. Constants: Numbers or text values entered directly into a formula, such as 2.

4. Operators: The ^ (caret) operator raises a number to a power, and the * (asterisk) operator multiplies numbers.

A constant is a value that is not calculated; it always stays the same. For example, the date 10/9/2008, the number 210, and the text «Quarterly Earnings» are all constants. An expression or a value resulting from an expression is not a constant. If you use constants in a formula instead of references to cells (for example, =30+70+110), the result changes only if you modify the formula. In general, it’s best to place constants in individual cells where they can be easily changed if needed, then reference those cells in formulas.

A reference identifies a cell or a range of cells on a worksheet, and tells Excel where to look for the values or data you want to use in a formula. You can use references to use data contained in different parts of a worksheet in one formula or use the value from one cell in several formulas. You can also refer to cells on other sheets in the same workbook, and to other workbooks. References to cells in other workbooks are called links or external references.

The A1 reference style

By default, Excel uses the A1 reference style, which refers to columns with letters (A through XFD, for a total of 16,384 columns) and refers to rows with numbers (1 through 1,048,576). These letters and numbers are called row and column headings. To refer to a cell, enter the column letter followed by the row number. For example, B2 refers to the cell at the intersection of column B and row 2.

To refer to	Use
The cell in column A and row 10	A10
The range of cells in column A and rows 10 through 20	A10:A20
The range of cells in row 15 and columns B through E	B15:E15
All cells in row 5	5:5
All cells in rows 5 through 10	5:10
All cells in column H	H:H
All cells in columns H through J	H:J
The range of cells in columns A through E and rows 10 through 20	A10:E20

Making a reference to a cell or a range of cells on another worksheet in the same workbook

In the following example, the AVERAGE function calculates the average value for the range B1:B10 on the worksheet named Marketing in the same workbook.

1. Refers to the worksheet named Marketing

2. Refers to the range of cells from B1 to B10

3. The exclamation point (!) Separates the worksheet reference from the cell range reference

Note: If the referenced worksheet has spaces or numbers in it, then you need to add apostrophes (‘) before and after the worksheet name, like =’123′!A1 or =’January Revenue’!A1.
The difference between absolute, relative and mixed references
1. Relative references A relative cell reference in a formula, such as A1, is based on the relative position of the cell that contains the formula and the cell the reference refers to. If the position of the cell that contains the formula changes, the reference is changed. If you copy or fill the formula across rows or down columns, the reference automatically adjusts. By default, new formulas use relative references. For example, if you copy or fill a relative reference in cell B2 to cell B3, it automatically adjusts from =A1 to =A2.
  
  Copied formula with relative reference
2. Absolute references An absolute cell reference in a formula, such as $A$1, always refer to a cell in a specific location. If the position of the cell that contains the formula changes, the absolute reference remains the same. If you copy or fill the formula across rows or down columns, the absolute reference does not adjust. By default, new formulas use relative references, so you may need to switch them to absolute references. For example, if you copy or fill an absolute reference in cell B2 to cell B3, it stays the same in both cells: =$A$1.
  
  Copied formula with absolute reference
3. Mixed references A mixed reference has either an absolute column and relative row, or absolute row and relative column. An absolute column reference takes the form $A1, $B1, and so on. An absolute row reference takes the form A$1, B$1, and so on. If the position of the cell that contains the formula changes, the relative reference is changed, and the absolute reference does not change. If you copy or fill the formula across rows or down columns, the relative reference automatically adjusts, and the absolute reference does not adjust. For example, if you copy or fill a mixed reference from cell A2 to B3, it adjusts from =A$1 to =B$1.
  
  Copied formula with mixed reference
The 3-D reference style

Conveniently referencing multiple worksheets If you want to analyze data in the same cell or range of cells on multiple worksheets within a workbook, use a 3-D reference. A 3-D reference includes the cell or range reference, preceded by a range of worksheet names. Excel uses any worksheets stored between the starting and ending names of the reference. For example, =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet13!B5) adds all the values contained in cell B5 on all the worksheets between and including Sheet 2 and Sheet 13.
- You can use 3-D references to refer to cells on other sheets, to define names, and to create formulas by using the following functions: SUM, AVERAGE, AVERAGEA, COUNT, COUNTA, MAX, MAXA, MIN, MINA, PRODUCT, STDEV.P, STDEV.S, STDEVA, STDEVPA, VAR.P, VAR.S, VARA, and VARPA.
- 3-D references cannot be used in array formulas.
- 3-D references cannot be used with the intersection operator (a single space) or in formulas that use implicit intersection.
What occurs when you move, copy, insert, or delete worksheets The following examples explain what happens when you move, copy, insert, or delete worksheets that are included in a 3-D reference. The examples use the formula =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet6!A2:A5) to add cells A2 through A5 on worksheets 2 through 6.
- Insert or copy If you insert or copy sheets between Sheet2 and Sheet6 (the endpoints in this example), Excel includes all values in cells A2 through A5 from the added sheets in the calculations.
- Delete If you delete sheets between Sheet2 and Sheet6, Excel removes their values from the calculation.
- Move If you move sheets from between Sheet2 and Sheet6 to a location outside the referenced sheet range, Excel removes their values from the calculation.
- Move an endpoint If you move Sheet2 or Sheet6 to another location in the same workbook, Excel adjusts the calculation to accommodate the new range of sheets between them.
- Delete an endpoint If you delete Sheet2 or Sheet6, Excel adjusts the calculation to accommodate the range of sheets between them.

The R1C1 reference style

You can also use a reference style where both the rows and the columns on the worksheet are numbered. The R1C1 reference style is useful for computing row and column positions in macros. In the R1C1 style, Excel indicates the location of a cell with an «R» followed by a row number and a «C» followed by a column number.

Reference	Meaning
R[-2]C	A relative reference to the cell two rows up and in the same column
R[2]C[2]	A relative reference to the cell two rows down and two columns to the right
R2C2	An absolute reference to the cell in the second row and in the second column
R[-1]	A relative reference to the entire row above the active cell
R	An absolute reference to the current row

When you record a macro, Excel records some commands by using the R1C1 reference style. For example, if you record a command, such as clicking the AutoSum button to insert a formula that adds a range of cells, Excel records the formula by using R1C1 style, not A1 style, references.

You can turn the R1C1 reference style on or off by setting or clearing the R1C1 reference style check box under the Working with formulas section in the Formulas category of the Options dialog box. To display this dialog box, click the File tab.

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MS Excel: Formulas and Functions — Listed by Category

Learn how to use all 300+ Excel formulas and functions including worksheet functions entered in the formula bar and VBA functions used in Macros.

Worksheet formulas are built-in functions that are entered as part of a formula in a cell. These are the most basic functions used when learning Excel. VBA functions are built-in functions that are used in Excel’s programming environment called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA).

Below is a list of Excel formulas sorted by category. If you would like an alphabetical list of these formulas, click on the following button:

Sort Alphabetically

(Enter a value in the field above to quickly find functions in the list below)

Lookup/Ref Functions

ADDRESS (WS)	Returns a text representation of a cell address
AREAS (WS)	Returns the number of ranges in a reference
CHOOSE (WS, VBA)	Returns a value from a list of values based on a given position
COLUMN (WS)	Returns the column number of a cell reference
COLUMNS (WS)	Returns the number of columns in a cell reference
HLOOKUP (WS)	Performs a horizontal lookup by searching for a value in the top row of the table and returning the value in the same column based on the index_number
HYPERLINK (WS)	Creates a shortcut to a file or Internet address
INDEX (WS)	Returns either the value or the reference to a value from a table or range
INDIRECT (WS)	Returns the reference to a cell based on its string representation
LOOKUP (WS)	Returns a value from a range (one row or one column) or from an array
MATCH (WS)	Searches for a value in an array and returns the relative position of that item
OFFSET (WS)	Returns a reference to a range that is offset a number of rows and columns
ROW (WS)	Returns the row number of a cell reference
ROWS (WS)	Returns the number of rows in a cell reference
TRANSPOSE (WS)	Returns a transposed range of cells
VLOOKUP (WS)	Performs a vertical lookup by searching for a value in the first column of a table and returning the value in the same row in the index_number position
XLOOKUP (WS)	Performs a lookup (either vertical or horizontal)

String/Text Functions

ASC (VBA)	Returns ASCII value of a character
BAHTTEXT (WS)	Returns the number in Thai text
CHAR (WS)	Returns the character based on the ASCII value
CHR (VBA)	Returns the character based on the ASCII value
CLEAN (WS)	Removes all nonprintable characters from a string
CODE (WS)	Returns the ASCII value of a character or the first character in a cell
CONCAT (WS)	Used to join 2 or more strings together
CONCATENATE (WS)	Used to join 2 or more strings together (replaced by CONCAT Function)
CONCATENATE with & (WS, VBA)	Used to join 2 or more strings together using the & operator
DOLLAR (WS)	Converts a number to text, using a currency format
EXACT (WS)	Compares two strings and returns TRUE if both values are the same
FIND (WS)	Returns the location of a substring in a string (case-sensitive)
FIXED (WS)	Returns a text representation of a number rounded to a specified number of decimal places
FORMAT STRINGS (VBA)	Takes a string expression and returns it as a formatted string
INSTR (VBA)	Returns the position of the first occurrence of a substring in a string
INSTRREV (VBA)	Returns the position of the first occurrence of a string in another string, starting from the end of the string
LCASE (VBA)	Converts a string to lowercase
LEFT (WS, VBA)	Extract a substring from a string, starting from the left-most character
LEN (WS, VBA)	Returns the length of the specified string
LOWER (WS)	Converts all letters in the specified string to lowercase
LTRIM (VBA)	Removes leading spaces from a string
MID (WS, VBA)	Extracts a substring from a string (starting at any position)
NUMBERVALUE (WS)	Returns a text to a number specifying the decimal and group separators
PROPER (WS)	Sets the first character in each word to uppercase and the rest to lowercase
REPLACE (WS)	Replaces a sequence of characters in a string with another set of characters
REPLACE (VBA)	Replaces a sequence of characters in a string with another set of characters
REPT (WS)	Returns a repeated text value a specified number of times
RIGHT (WS, VBA)	Extracts a substring from a string starting from the right-most character
RTRIM (VBA)	Removes trailing spaces from a string
SEARCH (WS)	Returns the location of a substring in a string
SPACE (VBA)	Returns a string with a specified number of spaces
SPLIT (VBA)	Used to split a string into substrings based on a delimiter
STR (VBA)	Returns a string representation of a number
STRCOMP (VBA)	Returns an integer value representing the result of a string comparison
STRCONV (VBA)	Returns a string converted to uppercase, lowercase, proper case or Unicode
STRREVERSE (VBA)	Returns a string whose characters are in reverse order
SUBSTITUTE (WS)	Replaces a set of characters with another
T (WS)	Returns the text referred to by a value
TEXT (WS)	Returns a value converted to text with a specified format
TEXTJOIN (WS)	Used to join 2 or more strings together separated by a delimiter
TRIM (WS, VBA)	Returns a text value with the leading and trailing spaces removed
UCASE (VBA)	Converts a string to all uppercase
UNICHAR (WS)	Returns the Unicode character based on the Unicode number provided
UNICODE (WS)	Returns the Unicode number of a character or the first character in a string
UPPER (WS)	Convert text to all uppercase
VAL (VBA)	Returns the numbers found in a string
VALUE (WS)	Converts a text value that represents a number to a number

Date/Time Functions

DATE (WS)	Returns the serial date value for a date
DATE (VBA)	Returns the current system date
DATEADD (VBA)	Returns a date after which a certain time/date interval has been added
DATEDIF (WS)	Returns the difference between two date values, based on the interval specified
DATEDIFF (VBA)	Returns the difference between two date values, based on the interval specified
DATEPART (VBA)	Returns a specified part of a given date
DATESERIAL (VBA)	Returns a date given a year, month, and day value
DATEVALUE (WS, VBA)	Returns the serial number of a date
DAY (WS, VBA)	Returns the day of the month (a number from 1 to 31) given a date value
DAYS (WS)	Returns the number of days between 2 dates
DAYS360 (WS)	Returns the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year
EDATE (WS)	Adds a specified number of months to a date and returns the result as a serial date
EOMONTH (WS)	Calculates the last day of the month after adding a specified number of months to a date
FORMAT DATES (VBA)	Takes a date expression and returns it as a formatted string
HOUR (WS, VBA)	Returns the hours (a number from 0 to 23) from a time value
ISOWEEKNUM (WS)	Returns the ISO week number for a date
MINUTE (WS, VBA)	Returns the minutes (a number from 0 to 59) from a time value
MONTH (WS, VBA)	Returns the month (a number from 1 to 12) given a date value
MONTHNAME (VBA)	Returns a string representing the month given a number from 1 to 12
NETWORKDAYS (WS)	Returns the number of work days between 2 dates, excluding weekends and holidays
NETWORKDAYS.INTL (WS)	Returns the number of work days between 2 dates, excluding weekends and holidays
NOW (WS, VBA)	Returns the current system date and time
SECOND (WS)	Returns the seconds (a number from 0 to 59) from a time value
TIME (WS)	Returns a decimal number given an hour, minute and second value
TIMESERIAL (VBA)	Returns a time given an hour, minute, and second value
TIMEVALUE (WS, VBA)	Returns the serial number of a time
TODAY (WS)	Returns the current system date
WEEKDAY (WS, VBA)	Returns a number representing the day of the week, given a date value
WEEKDAYNAME (VBA)	Returns a string representing the day of the week given a number from 1 to 7
WEEKNUM (WS)	Returns the week number for a date
WORKDAY (WS)	Adds a specified number of work days to a date and returns the result as a serial date
WORKDAY.INTL (WS)	Adds a specified number of work days to a date and returns the result as a serial date (customizable weekends)
YEAR (WS, VBA)	Returns a four-digit year (a number from 1900 to 9999) given a date value
YEARFRAC (WS)	Returns the number of days between 2 dates as a year fraction

Math/Trig Functions

ABS (WS, VBA)	Returns the absolute value of a number
ACOS (WS)	Returns the arccosine (in radians) of a number
ACOSH (WS)	Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number
AGGREGATE (WS)	Apply functions such AVERAGE, SUM, COUNT, MAX or MIN and ignore errors or hidden rows
ASIN (WS)	Returns the arcsine (in radians) of a number
ASINH (WS)	Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number
ATAN (WS)	Returns the arctangent (in radians) of a number
ATAN2 (WS)	Returns the arctangent (in radians) of (x,y) coordinates
ATANH (WS)	Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number
ATN (VBA)	Returns the arctangent of a number
CEILING (WS)	Returns a number rounded up based on a multiple of significance
CEILING.PRECISE (WS)	Returns a number rounded up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
COMBIN (WS)	Returns the number of combinations for a specified number of items
COMBINA (WS)	Returns the number of combinations for a specified number of items and includes repetitions
COS (WS, VBA)	Returns the cosine of an angle
COSH (WS)	Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number
DEGREES (WS)	Converts radians into degrees
EVEN (WS)	Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer
EXP (WS, VBA)	Returns e raised to the nth power
FACT (WS)	Returns the factorial of a number
FIX (VBA)	Returns the integer portion of a number
FLOOR (WS)	Returns a number rounded down based on a multiple of significance
FORMAT NUMBERS (VBA)	Takes a numeric expression and returns it as a formatted string
INT (WS, VBA)	Returns the integer portion of a number
LN (WS)	Returns the natural logarithm of a number
LOG (WS)	Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base
LOG (VBA)	Returns the natural logarithm of a number
LOG10 (WS)	Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number
MDETERM (WS)	Returns the matrix determinant of an array
MINVERSE (WS)	Returns the inverse matrix for a given matrix
MMULT (WS)	Returns the matrix product of two arrays
MOD (WS)	Returns the remainder after a number is divided by a divisor
MOD (VBA)	Returns the remainder after a number is divided by a divisor
ODD (WS)	Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer
PI (WS)	Returns the mathematical constant called pi
POWER (WS)	Returns the result of a number raised to a given power
PRODUCT (WS)	Multiplies the numbers and returns the product
RADIANS (WS)	Converts degrees into radians
RAND (WS)	Returns a random number that is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1
RANDBETWEEN (WS)	Returns a random number that is between a bottom and top range
RANDOMIZE (VBA)	Used to change the seed value used by the random number generator for the RND function
RND (VBA)	Used to generate a random number (integer value)
ROMAN (WS)	Converts a number to roman numeral
ROUND (WS)	Returns a number rounded to a specified number of digits
ROUND (VBA)	Returns a number rounded to a specified number of digits
ROUNDDOWN (WS)	Returns a number rounded down to a specified number of digits
ROUNDUP (WS)	Returns a number rounded up to a specified number of digits
SGN (VBA)	Returns the sign of a number
SIGN (WS)	Returns the sign of a number
SIN (WS, VBA)	Returns the sine of an angle
SINH (WS)	Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number
SQR (VBA)	Returns the square root of a number
SQRT (WS)	Returns the square root of a number
SUBTOTAL (WS)	Returns the subtotal of the numbers in a column in a list or database
SUM (WS)	Adds all numbers in a range of cells
SUMIF (WS)	Adds all numbers in a range of cells based on one criteria
SUMIFS (WS)	Adds all numbers in a range of cells, based on a single or multiple criteria
SUMPRODUCT (WS)	Multiplies the corresponding items in the arrays and returns the sum of the results
SUMSQ (WS)	Returns the sum of the squares of a series of values
SUMX2MY2 (WS)	Returns the sum of the difference of squares between two arrays
SUMX2PY2 (WS)	Returns the sum of the squares of corresponding items in the arrays
SUMXMY2 (WS)	Returns the sum of the squares of the differences between corresponding items in the arrays
TAN (WS, VBA)	Returns the tangent of an angle
TANH (WS)	Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number
TRUNC (WS)	Returns a number truncated to a specified number of digits

Statistical Functions

AVEDEV (WS)	Returns the average of the absolute deviations of the numbers provided
AVERAGE (WS)	Returns the average of the numbers provided
AVERAGEA (WS)	Returns the average of the numbers provided and treats TRUE as 1 and FALSE as 0
AVERAGEIF (WS)	Returns the average of all numbers in a range of cells, based on a given criteria
AVERAGEIFS (WS)	Returns the average of all numbers in a range of cells, based on multiple criteria
BETA.DIST (WS)	Returns the beta distribution
BETA.INV (WS)	Returns the inverse of the cumulative beta probability density function
BETADIST (WS)	Returns the cumulative beta probability density function
BETAINV (WS)	Returns the inverse of the cumulative beta probability density function
BINOM.DIST (WS)	Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability
BINOM.INV (WS)	Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is greater than or equal to a criterion
BINOMDIST (WS)	Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability
CHIDIST (WS)	Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHIINV (WS)	Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHITEST (WS)	Returns the value from the chi-squared distribution
COUNT (WS)	Counts the number of cells that contain numbers as well as the number of arguments that contain numbers
COUNTA (WS)	Counts the number of cells that are not empty as well as the number of value arguments provided
COUNTBLANK (WS)	Counts the number of empty cells in a range
COUNTIF (WS)	Counts the number of cells in a range, that meets a given criteria
COUNTIFS (WS)	Counts the number of cells in a range, that meets a single or multiple criteria
COVAR (WS)	Returns the covariance, the average of the products of deviations for two data sets
FORECAST (WS)	Returns a prediction of a future value based on existing values provided
FREQUENCY (WS)	Returns how often values occur within a set of data. It returns a vertical array of numbers
GROWTH (WS)	Returns the predicted exponential growth based on existing values provided
INTERCEPT (WS)	Returns the y-axis intersection point of a line using x-axis values and y-axis values
LARGE (WS)	Returns the nth largest value from a set of values
LINEST (WS)	Uses the least squares method to calculate the statistics for a straight line and returns an array describing that line
MAX (WS)	Returns the largest value from the numbers provided
MAXA (WS)	Returns the largest value from the values provided (numbers, text and logical values)
MAXIFS (WS)	Returns the largest value in a range, that meets a single or multiple criteria
MEDIAN (WS)	Returns the median of the numbers provided
MIN (WS)	Returns the smallest value from the numbers provided
MINA (WS)	Returns the smallest value from the values provided (numbers, text and logical values)
MINIFS (WS)	Returns the smallest value in a range, that meets a single or multiple criteria
MODE (WS)	Returns most frequently occurring number
MODE.MULT (WS)	Returns a vertical array of the most frequently occurring numbers
MODE.SNGL (WS)	Returns most frequently occurring number
PERCENTILE (WS)	Returns the nth percentile from a set of values
PERCENTRANK (WS)	Returns the nth percentile from a set of values
PERMUT (WS)	Returns the number of permutations for a specified number of items
QUARTILE (WS)	Returns the quartile from a set of values
RANK (WS)	Returns the rank of a number within a set of numbers
SLOPE (WS)	Returns the slope of a regression line based on the data points identified by known_y_values and known_x_values
SMALL (WS)	Returns the nth smallest value from a set of values
STDEV (WS)	Returns the standard deviation of a population based on a sample of numbers
STDEVA (WS)	Returns the standard deviation of a population based on a sample of numbers, text, and logical values
STDEVP (WS)	Returns the standard deviation of a population based on an entire population of numbers
STDEVPA (WS)	Returns the standard deviation of a population based on an entire population of numbers, text, and logical values
VAR (WS)	Returns the variance of a population based on a sample of numbers
VARA (WS)	Returns the variance of a population based on a sample of numbers, text, and logical values
VARP (WS)	Returns the variance of a population based on an entire population of numbers
VARPA (WS)	Returns the variance of a population based on an entire population of numbers, text, and logical values

Logical Functions

AND (WS)	Returns TRUE if all conditions are TRUE
AND (VBA)	Returns TRUE if all conditions are TRUE
CASE (VBA)	Has the functionality of an IF-THEN-ELSE statement
FALSE (WS)	Returns a logical value of FALSE
FOR…NEXT (VBA)	Used to create a FOR LOOP
IF (WS)	Returns one value if the condition is TRUE or another value if the condition is FALSE
IF (more than 7) (WS)	Nest more than 7 IF functions
IF (up to 7) (WS)	Nest up to 7 IF functions
IF-THEN-ELSE (VBA)	Returns a value if a specified condition evaluates to TRUE or another value if it evaluates to FALSE
IFERROR (WS)	Used to return an alternate value if a formula results in an error
IFNA (WS)	Used to return an alternate value if a formula results in #N/A error
IFS (WS)	Specify multiple IF conditions within 1 function
NOT (WS)	Returns the reversed logical value
OR (WS)	Returns TRUE if any of the conditions are TRUE
OR (VBA)	Returns TRUE if any of the conditions are TRUE
SWITCH (WS)	Compares an expression to a list of values and returns the corresponding result
SWITCH (VBA)	Evaluates a list of expressions and returns the corresponding value for the first expression in the list that is TRUE
TRUE (WS)	Returns a logical value of TRUE
WHILE…WEND (VBA)	Used to create a WHILE LOOP

Information Functions

CELL (WS)	Used to retrieve information about a cell such as contents, formatting, size, etc.
ENVIRON (VBA)	Returns the value of an operating system environment variable
ERROR.TYPE (WS)	Returns the numeric representation of an Excel error
INFO (WS)	Returns information about the operating environment
ISBLANK (WS)	Used to check for blank or null values
ISDATE (VBA)	Returns TRUE if the expression is a valid date
ISEMPTY (VBA)	Used to check for blank cells or uninitialized variables
ISERR (WS)	Used to check for error values except #N/A
ISERROR (WS, VBA)	Used to check for error values
ISLOGICAL (WS)	Used to check for a logical value (TRUE or FALSE)
ISNA (WS)	Used to check for #N/A error
ISNONTEXT (WS)	Used to check for a value that is not text
ISNULL (VBA)	Used to check for a NULL value
ISNUMBER (WS)	Used to check for a numeric value
ISNUMERIC (VBA)	Used to check for a numeric value
ISREF (WS)	Used to check for a reference
ISTEXT (WS)	Used to check for a text value
N (WS)	Converts a value to a number
NA (WS)	Returns the #N/A error value
TYPE (WS)	Returns the type of a value

Financial Functions

ACCRINT (WS)	Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest on a periodic basis
ACCRINTM (WS)	Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity
AMORDEGRC (WS)	Returns the linear depreciation of an asset for each accounting period, on a prorated basis
AMORLINC (WS)	Returns the depreciation of an asset for each accounting period, on a prorated basis
DB (WS)	Returns the depreciation of an asset based on the fixed-declining balance method
DDB (WS, VBA)	Returns the depreciation of an asset based on the double-declining balance method
FV (WS, VBA)	Returns the future value of an investment
IPMT (WS, VBA)	Returns the interest payment for an investment
IRR (WS, VBA)	Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows
ISPMT (WS)	Returns the interest payment for an investment
MIRR (WS, VBA)	Returns the modified internal rate of return for a series of cash flows
NPER (WS, VBA)	Returns the number of periods for an investment
NPV (WS, VBA)	Returns the net present value of an investment
PMT (WS, VBA)	Returns the payment amount for a loan
PPMT (WS, VBA)	Returns the payment on the principal for a particular payment
PV (WS, VBA)	Returns the present value of an investment
RATE (WS, VBA)	Returns the interest rate for an annuity
SLN (WS, VBA)	Returns the depreciation of an asset based on the straight-line depreciation method
SYD (WS, VBA)	Returns the depreciation of an asset based on the sum-of-years’ digits depreciation method
VDB (WS)	Returns the depreciation of an asset based on a variable declining balance depreciation method
XIRR (WS)	Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows that may not be periodic

Database Functions

DAVERAGE (WS)	Averages all numbers in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria
DCOUNT (WS)	Returns the number of cells in a column or database that contains numeric values and meets a given criteria
DCOUNTA (WS)	Returns the number of cells in a column or database that contains nonblank values and meets a given criteria
DGET (WS)	Retrieves from a database a single record that matches a given criteria
DMAX (WS)	Returns the largest number in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria
DMIN (WS)	Returns the smallest number in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria
DPRODUCT (WS)	Returns the product of the numbers in a column in a list or database, based on a given criteria
DSTDEV (WS)	Returns the standard deviation of a population based on a sample of numbers
DSTDEVP (WS)	Returns the standard deviation of a population based on the entire population of numbers
DSUM (WS)	Sums the numbers in a column or database that meets a given criteria
DVAR (WS)	Returns the variance of a population based on a sample of numbers
DVARP (WS)	Returns the variance of a population based on the entire population of numbers

Engineering Functions

BIN2DEC (WS)	Converts a binary number to a decimal number
BIN2HEX (WS)	Converts a binary number to a hexadecimal number
BIN2OCT (WS)	Converts a binary number to an octal number
COMPLEX (WS)	Converts coefficients (real and imaginary) into a complex number
CONVERT (WS)	Convert a number from one measurement unit to another measurement unit

File/Directory Functions

CHDIR (VBA)	Used to change the current directory or folder
CHDRIVE (VBA)	Used to change the current drive
CURDIR (VBA)	Returns the current path
DIR (VBA)	Returns the first filename that matches the pathname and attributes specified
FILEDATETIME (VBA)	Returns the date and time of when a file was created or last modified
FILELEN (VBA)	Returns the size of a file in bytes
GETATTR (VBA)	Returns an integer that represents the attributes of a file, folder, or directory
MKDIR (VBA)	Used to create a new folder or directory
SETATTR (VBA)	Used to set the attributes of a file

Data Type Conv. Functions

CBOOL (VBA)	Converts a value to a boolean
CBYTE (VBA)	Converts a value to a byte (ie: number between 0 and 255)
CCUR (VBA)	Converts a value to currency
CDATE (VBA)	Converts a value to a date
CDBL (VBA)	Converts a value to a double
CDEC (VBA)	Converts a value to a decimal number
CINT (VBA)	Converts a value to an integer
CLNG (VBA)	Converts a value to a long integer
CSNG (VBA)	Converts a value to a single-precision number
CSTR (VBA)	Converts a value to a string
CVAR (VBA)	Converts a value to a variant

More Lookup Functions

Other

Источник

In this post, you will find almost all excel functions and formulas in groups with short descriptions.

Function

You may find detailed information about certain formulas in our formulas section.

Lookup and Reference functions
ADDRESS	Returns a reference as text to a single cell in a worksheet
AREAS	Returns the number of areas in a reference
CHOOSE	Chooses a value from a list of values
COLUMN	Returns the column number of a reference
COLUMNS	Returns the number of columns in a reference
HLOOKUP	Looks in the top row of an array and returns the value of the indicated cell
HYPERLINK	Creates a shortcut or jump that opens a document stored on a network server, an intranet, or the Internet
INDEX	Uses an index to choose a value from a reference or array
INDIRECT	Returns a reference indicated by a text value
LOOKUP	Looks up values in a vector or array
MATCH	Looks up values in a reference or array
OFFSET	Returns a reference offset from a given reference
ROW	Returns the row number of a reference
ROWS	Returns the number of rows in a reference
RTD	Retrieves real-time data from a program that supports COM automation
TRANSPOSE	Returns the transpose of an array
VLOOKUP	Looks in the first column of an array and moves across the row to return the value of a cell
Financial functions
ACCRINT	Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest
ACCRINTM	Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity
AMORDEGRC	Returns the depreciation for each accounting period by using a depreciation coefficient
AMORLINC	Returns the depreciation for each accounting period
COUPDAYBS	Returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date
COUPDAYS	Returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date
COUPDAYSNC	Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date
COUPNCD	Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date
COUPNUM	Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and maturity date
COUPPCD	Returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date
CUMIPMT	Returns the cumulative interest paid between two periods
CUMPRINC	Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods
DB	Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the fixed-declining balance method
DDB	Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the double-declining balance method or some other method you specify
DISC	Returns the discount rate for a security
DOLLARDE	Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number
DOLLARFR	Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number, into a dollar price, expressed as a fraction
DURATION	Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments
EFFECT	Returns the effective annual interest rate
FV	Returns the future value of an investment
FVSCHEDULE	Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series of compound interest rates
INTRATE	Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security
IPMT	Returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period
IRR	Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows
ISPMT	Calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment
MDURATION	Returns the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed par value of $100
MIRR	Returns the internal rate of return where positive and negative cash flows are financed at different rates
NOMINAL	Returns the annual nominal interest rate
NPER	Returns the number of periods for an investment
NPV	Returns the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate
ODDFPRICE	Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period
ODDFYIELD	Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period
ODDLPRICE	Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period
ODDLYIELD	Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period
PMT	Returns the periodic payment for an annuity
PPMT	Returns the payment on the principal for an investment for a given period
PRICE	Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest
PRICEDISC	Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security
PRICEMAT	Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity
PV	Returns the present value of an investment
RATE	Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity
RECEIVED	Returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security
SLN	Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period
SYD	Returns the sum-of-years’ digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period
TBILLEQ	Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill
TBILLPRICE	Returns the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill
TBILLYIELD	Returns the yield for a Treasury bill
VDB	Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period using a declining balance method
XIRR	Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic
XNPV	Returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic
YIELD	Returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest
YIELDDISC	Returns the annual yield for a discounted security; for example, a Treasury bill
YIELDMAT	Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity
Date and Time functions
DATE	Returns the serial number of a particular date
DATEVALUE	Converts a date in the form of text to a serial number
DAY	Converts a serial number to a day of the month
DAYS360	Calculates the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year
EDATE	Returns the serial number of the date that is the indicated number of months before or after the start date
EOMONTH	Returns the serial number of the last day of the month before or after a specified number of months
HOUR	Converts a serial number to an hour
MINUTE	Converts a serial number to a minute
MONTH	Converts a serial number to a month
NETWORKDAYS	Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates
NOW	Returns the serial number of the current date and time
SECOND	Converts a serial number to a second
TIME	Returns the serial number of a particular time
TIMEVALUE	Converts a time in the form of text to a serial number
TODAY	Returns the serial number of today’s date
WEEKDAY	Converts a serial number to a day of the week
WEEKNUM	Converts a serial number to a number representing where the week falls numerically with a year
WORKDAY	Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays
YEAR	Converts a serial number to a year
YEARFRAC	Returns the year fraction representing the number of whole days between start_date and end_date
Math and Trigonometry functions
ABS	Returns the absolute value of a number
ACOS	Returns the arccosine of a number
ACOSH	Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number
ASIN	Returns the arcsine of a number
ASINH	Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number
ATAN	Returns the arctangent of a number
ATAN2	Returns the arctangent from x- and y-coordinates
ATANH	Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number
CEILING	Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
COMBIN	Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objects
COS	Returns the cosine of a number
COSH	Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number
DEGREES	Converts radians to degrees
EVEN	Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer
EXP	Returns e raised to the power of a given number
FACT	Returns the factorial of a number
FACTDOUBLE	Returns the double factorial of a number
FLOOR	Rounds a number down, toward zero
GCD	Returns the greatest common divisor
INT	Rounds a number down to the nearest integer
LCM	Returns the least common multiple
LN	Returns the natural logarithm of a number
LOG	Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base
LOG10	Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number
MDETERM	Returns the matrix determinant of an array
MINVERSE	Returns the matrix inverse of an array
MMULT	Returns the matrix product of two arrays
MOD	Returns the remainder from division
MROUND	Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple
MULTINOMIAL	Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers
ODD	Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer
PI	Returns the value of pi
POWER	Returns the result of a number raised to a power
PRODUCT	Multiplies its arguments
QUOTIENT	Returns the integer portion of a division
RADIANS	Converts degrees to radians
RAND	Returns a random number between 0 and 1
RANDBETWEEN	Returns a random number between the numbers you specify
ROMAN	Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as text
ROUND	Rounds a number to a specified number of digits
ROUNDDOWN	Rounds a number down, toward zero
ROUNDUP	Rounds a number up, away from zero
SERIESSUM	Returns the sum of a power series based on the formula
SIGN	Returns the sign of a number
SIN	Returns the sine of the given angle
SINH	Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number
SQRT	Returns a positive square root
SQRTPI	Returns the square root of (number * pi)
SUBTOTAL	Returns a subtotal in a list or database
SUM	Adds its arguments
SUMIF	Adds the cells specified by a given criteria
SUMPRODUCT	Returns the sum of the products of corresponding array components
SUMSQ	Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments
SUMX2MY2	Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMX2PY2	Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMXMY2	Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays
TAN	Returns the tangent of a number
TANH	Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number
TRUNC	Truncates a number to an integer
Statistical functions
AVEDEV	Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean
AVERAGE	Returns the average of its arguments
AVERAGEA	Returns the average of its arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
BETADIST	Returns the beta cumulative distribution function
BETAINV	Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution
BINOMDIST	Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability
CHIDIST	Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHIINV	Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHITEST	Returns the test for independence
CONFIDENCE	Returns the confidence interval for a population mean
CORREL	Returns the correlation coefficient between two data sets
COUNT	Counts how many numbers are in the list of arguments
COUNTA	Counts how many values are in the list of arguments
COUNTBLANK	Counts the number of blank cells within a range
COUNTIF	Counts the number of nonblank cells within a range that meet the given criteria
COVAR	Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations
CRITBINOM	Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value
DEVSQ	Returns the sum of squares of deviations
EXPONDIST	Returns the exponential distribution
FDIST	Returns the F probability distribution
FINV	Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution
FISHER	Returns the Fisher transformation
FISHERINV	Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation
FORECAST	Returns a value along a linear trend
FREQUENCY	Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical array
FTEST	Returns the result of an F-test
GAMMADIST	Returns the gamma distribution
GAMMAINV	Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution
GAMMALN	Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x)
GEOMEAN	Returns the geometric mean
GROWTH	Returns values along an exponential trend
HARMEAN	Returns the harmonic mean
HYPGEOMDIST	Returns the hypergeometric distribution
INTERCEPT	Returns the intercept of the linear regression line
KURT	Returns the kurtosis of a data set
LARGE	Returns the k-th largest value in a data set
LINEST	Returns the parameters of a linear trend
LOGEST	Returns the parameters of an exponential trend
LOGINV	Returns the inverse of the lognormal distribution
LOGNORMDIST	Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution
MAX	Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments
MAXA	Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
MEDIAN	Returns the median of the given numbers
MIN	Returns the minimum value in a list of arguments
MINA	Returns the smallest value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
MODE	Returns the most common value in a data set
NEGBINOMDIST	Returns the negative binomial distribution
NORMDIST	Returns the normal cumulative distribution
NORMINV	Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution
NORMSDIST	Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution
NORMSINV	Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution
PEARSON	Returns the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
PERCENTILE	Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range
PERCENTRANK	Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set
PERMUT	Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects
POISSON	Returns the Poisson distribution
PROB	Returns the probability that values in a range are between two limits
QUARTILE	Returns the quartile of a data set
RANK	Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers
RSQ	Returns the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
SKEW	Returns the skewness of a distribution
SLOPE	Returns the slope of the linear regression line
SMALL	Returns the k-th smallest value in a data set
STANDARDIZE	Returns a normalized value
STDEV	Estimates standard deviation based on a sample
STDEVA	Estimates standard deviation based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values
STDEVP	Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population
STDEVPA	Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values
STEYX	Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression
TDIST	Returns the Student’s t-distribution
TINV	Returns the inverse of the Student’s t-distribution
TREND	Returns values along a linear trend
TRIMMEAN	Returns the mean of the interior of a data set
TTEST	Returns the probability associated with a Student’s t-test
VAR	Estimates variance based on a sample
VARA	Estimates variance based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values
VARP	Calculates variance based on the entire population
VARPA	Calculates variance based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values
WEIBULL	Returns the Weibull distribution
ZTEST	Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test
Database and List Management functions
DAVERAGE	Returns the average of selected database entries
DCOUNT	Counts the cells that contain numbers in a database
DCOUNTA	Counts nonblank cells in a database
DGET	Extracts from a database a single record that matches the specified criteria
DMAX	Returns the maximum value from selected database entries
DMIN	Returns the minimum value from selected database entries
DPRODUCT	Multiplies the values in a particular field of records that match the criteria in a database
DSTDEV	Estimates the standard deviation based on a sample of selected database entries
DSTDEVP	Calculates the standard deviation based on the entire population of selected database entries
DSUM	Adds the numbers in the field column of records in the database that match the criteria
DVAR	Estimates variance based on a sample from selected database entries
DVARP	Calculates variance based on the entire population of selected database entries
GETPIVOTDATA	Returns data stored in a PivotTable
Text and Data functions
ASC	Changes full-width (double-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to half-width (single-byte) characters
BAHTTEXT	Converts a number to text, using the ß (baht) currency format
CHAR	Returns the character specified by the code number
CLEAN	Removes all nonprintable characters from text
CODE	Returns a numeric code for the first character in a text string
CONCATENATE	Joins several text items into one text item
DOLLAR	Converts a number to text, using the $ (dollar) currency format
EXACT	Checks to see if two text values are identical
FIND	Finds one text value within another (case-sensitive)
FIXED	Formats a number as text with a fixed number of decimals
JIS	Changes half-width (single-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to full-width (double-byte) characters
LEFT	Returns the leftmost characters from a text value
LEN	Returns the number of characters in a text string
LOWER	Converts text to lowercase
MID	Returns a specific number of characters from a text string starting at the position you specify
PHONETIC	Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters from a text string
PROPER	Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a text value
REPLACE	Replaces characters within text
REPT	Repeats text a given number of times
RIGHT	Returns the rightmost characters from a text value
SEARCH	Finds one text value within another (not case-sensitive)
SUBSTITUTE	Substitutes new text for old text in a text string
T	Converts its arguments to text
TEXT	Formats a number and converts it to text
TRIM	Removes spaces from text
UPPER	Converts text to uppercase
VALUE	Converts a text argument to a number
Logical functions
AND	Returns TRUE if all its arguments are TRUE
FALSE	Returns the logical value FALSE
IF	Specifies a logical test to perform
NOT	Reverses the logic of its argument
OR	Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE
TRUE	Returns the logical value TRUE
Information functions
CELL	Returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell
ERROR.TYPE	Returns a number corresponding to an error type
INFO	Returns information about the current operating environment
ISBLANK	Returns TRUE if the value is blank
ISERR	Returns TRUE if the value is any error value except #N/A
ISERROR	Returns TRUE if the value is any error value
ISEVEN	Returns TRUE if the number is even
ISLOGICAL	Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value
ISNA	Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value
ISNONTEXT	Returns TRUE if the value is not text
ISNUMBER	Returns TRUE if the value is a number
ISODD	Returns TRUE if the number is odd
ISREF	Returns TRUE if the value is a reference
ISTEXT	Returns TRUE if the value is text
N	Returns a value converted to a number
NA	Returns the error value #N/A
TYPE	Returns a number indicating the data type of a value
Engineering functions
BESSELI	Returns the modified Bessel function In(x)
BESSELJ	Returns the Bessel function Jn(x)
BESSELK	Returns the modified Bessel function Kn(x)
BESSELY	Returns the Bessel function Yn(x)
BIN2DEC	Converts a binary number to decimal
BIN2HEX	Converts a binary number to hexadecimal
BIN2OCT	Converts a binary number to octal
COMPLEX	Converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number
CONVERT	Converts a number from one measurement system to another
DEC2BIN	Converts a decimal number to binary
DEC2HEX	Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal
DEC2OCT	Converts a decimal number to octal
DELTA	Tests whether two values are equal
ERF	Returns the error function
ERFC	Returns the complementary error function
GESTEP	Tests whether a number is greater than a threshold value
HEX2BIN	Converts a hexadecimal number to binary
HEX2DEC	Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal
HEX2OCT	Converts a hexadecimal number to octal
IMABS	Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number
IMAGINARY	Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number
IMARGUMENT	Returns the argument theta, an angle expressed in radians
IMCONJUGATE	Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number
IMCOS	Returns the cosine of a complex number
IMDIV	Returns the quotient of two complex numbers
IMEXP	Returns the exponential of a complex number
IMLN	Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number
IMLOG10	Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number
IMLOG2	Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number
IMPOWER	Returns a complex number raised to an integer power
IMPRODUCT	Returns the product of from 2 to 29 complex numbers
IMREAL	Returns the real coefficient of a complex number
IMSIN	Returns the sine of a complex number
IMSQRT	Returns the square root of a complex number
IMSUB	Returns the difference between two complex numbers
IMSUM	Returns the sum of complex numbers
OCT2BIN	Converts an octal number to binary
OCT2DEC	Converts an octal number to decimal
OCT2HEX	Converts an octal number to hexadecimal

Lookup and Reference functions
ADDRESS	Returns a reference as text to a single cell in a worksheet
AREAS	Returns the number of areas in a reference
CHOOSE	Chooses a value from a list of values
COLUMN	Returns the column number of a reference
COLUMNS	Returns the number of columns in a reference
HLOOKUP	Looks in the top row of an array and returns the value of the indicated cell
HYPERLINK	Creates a shortcut or jump that opens a document stored on a network server, an intranet, or the Internet
INDEX	Uses an index to choose a value from a reference or array
INDIRECT	Returns a reference indicated by a text value
LOOKUP	Looks up values in a vector or array
MATCH	Looks up values in a reference or array
OFFSET	Returns a reference offset from a given reference
ROW	Returns the row number of a reference
ROWS	Returns the number of rows in a reference
RTD	Retrieves real-time data from a program that supports COM automation
TRANSPOSE	Returns the transpose of an array
VLOOKUP	Looks in the first column of an array and moves across the row to return the value of a cell
Financial functions
ACCRINT	Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest
ACCRINTM	Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity
AMORDEGRC	Returns the depreciation for each accounting period by using a depreciation coefficient
AMORLINC	Returns the depreciation for each accounting period
COUPDAYBS	Returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date
COUPDAYS	Returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date
COUPDAYSNC	Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date
COUPNCD	Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date
COUPNUM	Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and maturity date
COUPPCD	Returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date
CUMIPMT	Returns the cumulative interest paid between two periods
CUMPRINC	Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods
DB	Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the fixed-declining balance method
DDB	Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the double-declining balance method or some other method you specify
DISC	Returns the discount rate for a security
DOLLARDE	Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number
DOLLARFR	Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number, into a dollar price, expressed as a fraction
DURATION	Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments
EFFECT	Returns the effective annual interest rate
FV	Returns the future value of an investment
FVSCHEDULE	Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series of compound interest rates
INTRATE	Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security
IPMT	Returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period
IRR	Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows
ISPMT	Calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment
MDURATION	Returns the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed par value of $100
MIRR	Returns the internal rate of return where positive and negative cash flows are financed at different rates
NOMINAL	Returns the annual nominal interest rate
NPER	Returns the number of periods for an investment
NPV	Returns the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate
ODDFPRICE	Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period
ODDFYIELD	Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period
ODDLPRICE	Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period
ODDLYIELD	Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period
PMT	Returns the periodic payment for an annuity
PPMT	Returns the payment on the principal for an investment for a given period
PRICE	Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest
PRICEDISC	Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security
PRICEMAT	Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity
PV	Returns the present value of an investment
RATE	Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity
RECEIVED	Returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security
SLN	Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period
SYD	Returns the sum-of-years’ digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period
TBILLEQ	Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill
TBILLPRICE	Returns the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill
TBILLYIELD	Returns the yield for a Treasury bill
VDB	Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period using a declining balance method
XIRR	Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic
XNPV	Returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic
YIELD	Returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest
YIELDDISC	Returns the annual yield for a discounted security; for example, a Treasury bill
YIELDMAT	Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity
Date and Time functions
DATE	Returns the serial number of a particular date
DATEVALUE	Converts a date in the form of text to a serial number
DAY	Converts a serial number to a day of the month
DAYS360	Calculates the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year
EDATE	Returns the serial number of the date that is the indicated number of months before or after the start date
EOMONTH	Returns the serial number of the last day of the month before or after a specified number of months
HOUR	Converts a serial number to an hour
MINUTE	Converts a serial number to a minute
MONTH	Converts a serial number to a month
NETWORKDAYS	Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates
NOW	Returns the serial number of the current date and time
SECOND	Converts a serial number to a second
TIME	Returns the serial number of a particular time
TIMEVALUE	Converts a time in the form of text to a serial number
TODAY	Returns the serial number of today’s date
WEEKDAY	Converts a serial number to a day of the week
WEEKNUM	Converts a serial number to a number representing where the week falls numerically with a year
WORKDAY	Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays
YEAR	Converts a serial number to a year
YEARFRAC	Returns the year fraction representing the number of whole days between start_date and end_date
Math and Trigonometry functions
ABS	Returns the absolute value of a number
ACOS	Returns the arccosine of a number
ACOSH	Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number
ASIN	Returns the arcsine of a number
ASINH	Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number
ATAN	Returns the arctangent of a number
ATAN2	Returns the arctangent from x- and y-coordinates
ATANH	Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number
CEILING	Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
COMBIN	Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objects
COS	Returns the cosine of a number
COSH	Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number
DEGREES	Converts radians to degrees
EVEN	Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer
EXP	Returns e raised to the power of a given number
FACT	Returns the factorial of a number
FACTDOUBLE	Returns the double factorial of a number
FLOOR	Rounds a number down, toward zero
GCD	Returns the greatest common divisor
INT	Rounds a number down to the nearest integer
LCM	Returns the least common multiple
LN	Returns the natural logarithm of a number
LOG	Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base
LOG10	Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number
MDETERM	Returns the matrix determinant of an array
MINVERSE	Returns the matrix inverse of an array
MMULT	Returns the matrix product of two arrays
MOD	Returns the remainder from division
MROUND	Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple
MULTINOMIAL	Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers
ODD	Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer
PI	Returns the value of pi
POWER	Returns the result of a number raised to a power
PRODUCT	Multiplies its arguments
QUOTIENT	Returns the integer portion of a division
RADIANS	Converts degrees to radians
RAND	Returns a random number between 0 and 1
RANDBETWEEN	Returns a random number between the numbers you specify
ROMAN	Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as text
ROUND	Rounds a number to a specified number of digits
ROUNDDOWN	Rounds a number down, toward zero
ROUNDUP	Rounds a number up, away from zero
SERIESSUM	Returns the sum of a power series based on the formula
SIGN	Returns the sign of a number
SIN	Returns the sine of the given angle
SINH	Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number
SQRT	Returns a positive square root
SQRTPI	Returns the square root of (number * pi)
SUBTOTAL	Returns a subtotal in a list or database
SUM	Adds its arguments
SUMIF	Adds the cells specified by a given criteria
SUMPRODUCT	Returns the sum of the products of corresponding array components
SUMSQ	Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments
SUMX2MY2	Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMX2PY2	Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMXMY2	Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays
TAN	Returns the tangent of a number
TANH	Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number
TRUNC	Truncates a number to an integer
Statistical functions
AVEDEV	Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean
AVERAGE	Returns the average of its arguments
AVERAGEA	Returns the average of its arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
BETADIST	Returns the beta cumulative distribution function
BETAINV	Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution
BINOMDIST	Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability
CHIDIST	Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHIINV	Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHITEST	Returns the test for independence
CONFIDENCE	Returns the confidence interval for a population mean
CORREL	Returns the correlation coefficient between two data sets
COUNT	Counts how many numbers are in the list of arguments
COUNTA	Counts how many values are in the list of arguments
COUNTBLANK	Counts the number of blank cells within a range
COUNTIF	Counts the number of nonblank cells within a range that meet the given criteria
COVAR	Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations
CRITBINOM	Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value
DEVSQ	Returns the sum of squares of deviations
EXPONDIST	Returns the exponential distribution
FDIST	Returns the F probability distribution
FINV	Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution
FISHER	Returns the Fisher transformation
FISHERINV	Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation
FORECAST	Returns a value along a linear trend
FREQUENCY	Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical array
FTEST	Returns the result of an F-test
GAMMADIST	Returns the gamma distribution
GAMMAINV	Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution
GAMMALN	Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x)
GEOMEAN	Returns the geometric mean
GROWTH	Returns values along an exponential trend
HARMEAN	Returns the harmonic mean
HYPGEOMDIST	Returns the hypergeometric distribution
INTERCEPT	Returns the intercept of the linear regression line
KURT	Returns the kurtosis of a data set
LARGE	Returns the k-th largest value in a data set
LINEST	Returns the parameters of a linear trend
LOGEST	Returns the parameters of an exponential trend
LOGINV	Returns the inverse of the lognormal distribution
LOGNORMDIST	Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution
MAX	Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments
MAXA	Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
MEDIAN	Returns the median of the given numbers
MIN	Returns the minimum value in a list of arguments
MINA	Returns the smallest value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
MODE	Returns the most common value in a data set
NEGBINOMDIST	Returns the negative binomial distribution
NORMDIST	Returns the normal cumulative distribution
NORMINV	Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution
NORMSDIST	Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution
NORMSINV	Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution
PEARSON	Returns the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
PERCENTILE	Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range
PERCENTRANK	Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set
PERMUT	Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects
POISSON	Returns the Poisson distribution
PROB	Returns the probability that values in a range are between two limits
QUARTILE	Returns the quartile of a data set
RANK	Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers
RSQ	Returns the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
SKEW	Returns the skewness of a distribution
SLOPE	Returns the slope of the linear regression line
SMALL	Returns the k-th smallest value in a data set
STANDARDIZE	Returns a normalized value
STDEV	Estimates standard deviation based on a sample
STDEVA	Estimates standard deviation based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values
STDEVP	Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population
STDEVPA	Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values
STEYX	Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression
TDIST	Returns the Student’s t-distribution
TINV	Returns the inverse of the Student’s t-distribution
TREND	Returns values along a linear trend
TRIMMEAN	Returns the mean of the interior of a data set
TTEST	Returns the probability associated with a Student’s t-test
VAR	Estimates variance based on a sample
VARA	Estimates variance based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values
VARP	Calculates variance based on the entire population
VARPA	Calculates variance based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values
WEIBULL	Returns the Weibull distribution
ZTEST	Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test
Database and List Management functions
DAVERAGE	Returns the average of selected database entries
DCOUNT	Counts the cells that contain numbers in a database
DCOUNTA	Counts nonblank cells in a database
DGET	Extracts from a database a single record that matches the specified criteria
DMAX	Returns the maximum value from selected database entries
DMIN	Returns the minimum value from selected database entries
DPRODUCT	Multiplies the values in a particular field of records that match the criteria in a database
DSTDEV	Estimates the standard deviation based on a sample of selected database entries
DSTDEVP	Calculates the standard deviation based on the entire population of selected database entries
DSUM	Adds the numbers in the field column of records in the database that match the criteria
DVAR	Estimates variance based on a sample from selected database entries
DVARP	Calculates variance based on the entire population of selected database entries
GETPIVOTDATA	Returns data stored in a PivotTable
Text and Data functions
ASC	Changes full-width (double-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to half-width (single-byte) characters
BAHTTEXT	Converts a number to text, using the ß (baht) currency format
CHAR	Returns the character specified by the code number
CLEAN	Removes all nonprintable characters from text
CODE	Returns a numeric code for the first character in a text string
CONCATENATE	Joins several text items into one text item
DOLLAR	Converts a number to text, using the $ (dollar) currency format
EXACT	Checks to see if two text values are identical
FIND	Finds one text value within another (case-sensitive)
FIXED	Formats a number as text with a fixed number of decimals
JIS	Changes half-width (single-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to full-width (double-byte) characters
LEFT	Returns the leftmost characters from a text value
LEN	Returns the number of characters in a text string
LOWER	Converts text to lowercase
MID	Returns a specific number of characters from a text string starting at the position you specify
PHONETIC	Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters from a text string
PROPER	Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a text value
REPLACE	Replaces characters within text
REPT	Repeats text a given number of times
RIGHT	Returns the rightmost characters from a text value
SEARCH	Finds one text value within another (not case-sensitive)
SUBSTITUTE	Substitutes new text for old text in a text string
T	Converts its arguments to text
TEXT	Formats a number and converts it to text
TRIM	Removes spaces from text
UPPER	Converts text to uppercase
VALUE	Converts a text argument to a number
Logical functions
AND	Returns TRUE if all its arguments are TRUE
FALSE	Returns the logical value FALSE
IF	Specifies a logical test to perform
NOT	Reverses the logic of its argument
OR	Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE
TRUE	Returns the logical value TRUE
Information functions
CELL	Returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell
ERROR.TYPE	Returns a number corresponding to an error type
INFO	Returns information about the current operating environment
ISBLANK	Returns TRUE if the value is blank
ISERR	Returns TRUE if the value is any error value except #N/A
ISERROR	Returns TRUE if the value is any error value
ISEVEN	Returns TRUE if the number is even
ISLOGICAL	Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value
ISNA	Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value
ISNONTEXT	Returns TRUE if the value is not text
ISNUMBER	Returns TRUE if the value is a number
ISODD	Returns TRUE if the number is odd
ISREF	Returns TRUE if the value is a reference
ISTEXT	Returns TRUE if the value is text
N	Returns a value converted to a number
NA	Returns the error value #N/A
TYPE	Returns a number indicating the data type of a value
Engineering functions
BESSELI	Returns the modified Bessel function In(x)
BESSELJ	Returns the Bessel function Jn(x)
BESSELK	Returns the modified Bessel function Kn(x)
BESSELY	Returns the Bessel function Yn(x)
BIN2DEC	Converts a binary number to decimal
BIN2HEX	Converts a binary number to hexadecimal
BIN2OCT	Converts a binary number to octal
COMPLEX	Converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number
CONVERT	Converts a number from one measurement system to another
DEC2BIN	Converts a decimal number to binary
DEC2HEX	Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal
DEC2OCT	Converts a decimal number to octal
DELTA	Tests whether two values are equal
ERF	Returns the error function
ERFC	Returns the complementary error function
GESTEP	Tests whether a number is greater than a threshold value
HEX2BIN	Converts a hexadecimal number to binary
HEX2DEC	Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal
HEX2OCT	Converts a hexadecimal number to octal
IMABS	Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number
IMAGINARY	Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number
IMARGUMENT	Returns the argument theta, an angle expressed in radians
IMCONJUGATE	Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number
IMCOS	Returns the cosine of a complex number
IMDIV	Returns the quotient of two complex numbers
IMEXP	Returns the exponential of a complex number
IMLN	Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number
IMLOG10	Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number
IMLOG2	Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number
IMPOWER	Returns a complex number raised to an integer power
IMPRODUCT	Returns the product of from 2 to 29 complex numbers
IMREAL	Returns the real coefficient of a complex number
IMSIN	Returns the sine of a complex number
IMSQRT	Returns the square root of a complex number
IMSUB	Returns the difference between two complex numbers
IMSUM	Returns the sum of complex numbers
OCT2BIN	Converts an octal number to binary
OCT2DEC	Converts an octal number to decimal
OCT2HEX	Converts an octal number to hexadecimal

Источник

The first step of getting awesome in Excel is to understand that you can ask Excel do things for you. This is done by speaking a special language called as “Excel Formulas”. When you write a formula or function, you are asking Excel to figure out something from the values you have. Say you want to add up a bunch of values in a range A1:A10, you can ask Excel to do this for you by writing =SUM(A1:A10) and bingo, you get the result immediately. The best part is, if your numbers change, the answer changes too.

If you are a beginner, Excel formula list can feel overwhelming. Why not? There are hundreds of different formulas in Excel. So which formulas should you learn?

This guide gives you the answer. Here is a 100+ Excel formula list for every occasion. Each box describes a problem statement, an example, result, some notes and link to learn more. Use this guide to learn formulas quickly.

Data for Excel formula list in this guide

Most formula examples shown here are self-explanatory. In some places I have used a table of data, called staff. Here is a snapshot of the Staff table. When looking a formula example, refer to this image to understand how the calculation works.

If you have never used tables before, check out Excel Tables – What are they and how to use them? to learn more.

Excel Formula List by topic

This page is rather long. So I have broken it in to sections. Click on below links to navigate or use CTRL+F on your browser to search for a function / formula how-to.

Numbers, values, summaries and statistics
Check things, apply business rules and logic control
Lookup items
Convert data
Text values, strings, words and phrases
Date, time and calendar
Operations on numbers
Check and prevent errors
Generate randomized data

Formulas related to numbers, values, summaries and statistics

Excel offers many functions when it comes to working with numeric values. Use below example formulas and functions to work efficiently with numbers. Learn how to calculate count, sum, average and other statistical summaries from your data. Apart from the functions discussed here, you can also use operators like + (to add things), -(to subtract), *(to multiply), /(to divide), %(to convert a value to percentage), ^(to raise the power), ~(to negate a Boolean value) and brackets to create expressions.

Add some values

Example	=SUM(5,6,9)
Result	20

Add values from a range of cells

Example	=SUM(A1:A5)
Result	125

Sum up values from a table reference

Example	=SUM(staff[Salary])
Result	$ 945,000

Sum of numbers that meet conditions

Example	=SUMIFS(staff[Salary], staff[Department],"Sales")
Result	$ 279,000
Learn more about this formula: SUMIFS formula

Sum of numbers greater than (less than etc.) something

Example	=SUMIFS(A1:A6, A1:A6,">25")
Result	100
Learn more about this formula: SUMIFS formula

Sum of numbers that are currently filtered

Example	=SUBTOTAL(109,staff[Salary])
Result	$ 945,000
Learn more about this formula: SUBTOTAL function

Count of numbers that are currently filtered

Example	=SUBTOTAL(103,staff[Name])
Result	13
Learn more about this formula: SUBTOTAL function

Running total in a column, adjacent to original data
Type this formula in first cell and drag down to get running total.
Example	=SUM($A$1:A1)
Result	10

Count of numbers in a range

Example	=COUNT(A1:A6)
Result	6

Count of all values (including text)

Example	=COUNTA(staff[Name])
Result	13

Count of blank values in the input (range or table column)

Example	=COUNTBLANK(A1:A20)
Result	14

Count number of non-blank values
ROWS formula tells how rows are there in a range. You can also use COLUMNS
Example	=ROWS(A1:A20)-COUNTBLANK(A1:A20)
Result	6

Count how many items have met given conditions

Example	=COUNTIFS(staff[Department],"IT")
Result	3

Count how many items begin with given text
* is a wild card. You can use it to match any number of letters. If you want to match a single letter, use ?
Example	=COUNTIFS(staff[Name],"J*")
Result	13

Count how many items end with given pattern

Example	=COUNTIFS(staff[Name],"*n")
Result	4

Count how many items contain given word

Example	=COUNTIFS(staff[Name],"an")
Result	3

Average of given numbers

Example	=AVERAGE(staff[Salary])
Result	$ 72,692
Learn more about this formula: More about Averages in your analysis

Average of given numbers satisfying conditions

Example	=AVERAGEIFS(staff[Salary],staff[Department], "HR")
Result	$ 77,333

Average of positive numbers

Example	=AVERAGEIFS(A1:A10,A1:A10,">0")
Result	25.83

Average of numbers excluding top & bottom 10% values

Example	=TRIMMEAN(staff[Salary],10%)
Result	$ 72,692

7 day moving average from daily data
Type this formula in first cell and drag down to get moving average.
Example	=AVERAGE(A1:A7)
Result	25.83
Learn more about this formula: Moving Average in Excel

Weighted average of numbers
A1:A6 contain values and B1:B6 contain weights
Example	=SUMPRODUCT(A1:A6,B1:B6)
Result	2,550
Learn more about this formula: Weighted Average Formula

Median of a range of values

Example	=MEDIAN(staff[Salary])
Result	$ 76,000

Most frequent number in a range (MODE)
If your list has multiple MODEs, use MODE.MULT to return all of them as a new list.
Example	=MODE.SNGL(1,2,3,3,2,1,1,5,6,7,3,4,8,9)
Result	1

Statistical quartiles of given values
Use 1 for first quartile, 2 for median, 3 for third quartile. EXC means 0 & 1 are excluded when calculating quartiles.
Example	=QUARTILE.EXC(staff[Salary],1)
Result	$ 59,500

90th (or any other) percentile of given values

Example	=PERCENTILE.EXC(staff[Salary],0.9)
Result	$ 89,000

Minimum value among a list of numbers

Example	=MIN(A1:A6)
Result	10

3rd smallest (or any other) among a list

Example	=SMALL(staff[Salary],3)
Result	$ 59,000

Rank of a number in a list of values
If two numbers share a rank, then the rank will be averaged. Use RANK.EQ to return same rank for both numbers
Example	=RANK.AVG(76000, staff[Salary])
Result	7

Maximum value from a list of values

Example	=MAX(staff[Salary])
Result	$ 89,000

2nd largest value in a spreadsheet range

Example	=LARGE(A2:A7,2)
Result	30

Formulas to do operations on numbers

Whenever you have some numbers in a worksheet, you may want to run some operations like rounding them or extracting integer portion etc. on them. In this section, see some of the frequently used number operations.

Remainder after dividing two numbers

Example	=MOD(31,7)
Result	3

Round a number to nearest whole number or fraction

Example	=ROUND(PI(),4)
Result	3.1416

Round a number to nearest multiple of x

Example	=MROUND(27,4)
Result	28

Integer portion of a number

Example	=INT(19/7)
Result	2

Percentage change (variance) from one value to another
H4 is 35000, H5 is 38000
Example	=H5/H4-1
Result	8.57%

Decimal portion of a number

Example	=MOD(PI(),1)
Result	0.141592654

Absolute value of a number

Example	=ABS(30-43)
Result	13

Calculate power of one number to another

Example	=7^3
Result	343

Formulas related to check things, apply business rules and logic control

Microsoft Excel has several powerful functions to check things and set up control or business logic in your workbooks. You can use IF function to write simple logic expressions or nest multiple IF functions for more complex scenarios. You can also use newly introduced IFS function to write long multi-step if function. This only works in Office 365 or Excel online. See below examples to learn more about formulas and functions to check things and apply business rules.

Check a condition and output one of the two possible values

Example	=IF(A9>20,"Too high", "Too low")
Result	Too low
Learn more about this formula: Writing logical rules in Excel

Check if multiple conditions are true (AND)

Example	=AND(A9>5,B9<20)
Result	FALSE

Check if any condition is true (OR)

Example	=OR(E10="Sales", F10>90000, D10=A9)
Result	FALSE

Logical NOT check

Example	=NOT("Sam"="Samuel")
Result	TRUE

Check if either this or that (Exclusive OR)
Will be TRUE only if either A1>10 or B1>10 but not both or neither.
Example	=XOR(A9>10, B9>10)
Result	FALSE
Learn more about this formula: More on XOR

Select one among multiple values
Picks a value from a list of values, in this case, picks A2 as it is the 3rd value.
Example	=CHOOSE(3,A9,B10,A10,B11)
Result	0
Learn more about this formula: CHOOSE Function

Multiple IF conditions as IFS
A9 has 7. Works only in Office 365, Office online (and may be in Excel 2019)
Example	=ifs(A9>10, "This is too high", A9>5, "This is ok", A9>2,"Almost low", A9<=2,"Really low")
Result	This is ok

Check if a value is present in a list

Example	=IF(COUNTIFS(staff[Name],"Jan")>0,"Yes, Jan is in there","No, no such person")
Result	Yes, Jan is in there

Check multiple conditions as nested IF

Example	=IF(A9>10, "This is too high",IF( A9>5, "This is ok", IF(A9>2,"Almost low", "Really low")))
Result	Really low

Check if a value is between two other values

Example	=IF(AND(A9>=10,A9<=20),"Between 10 and 20","Nope, not between 10 and 20")
Result	Nope, not between 10 and 20
Learn more about this formula: Between Formula

Is a cell blank?

Example	=ISBLANK(A18)
Result	TRUE

Is a value even?

Example	=ISEVEN(7)
Result	FALSE

Is a value odd?

Example	=ISODD(7)
Result	TRUE

Is a cell contains number?

Example	=ISNUMBER(A9)
Result	FALSE

Is a cell contains formula?

Example	=ISFORMULA(A9)
Result	FALSE

Is a cell (or formula) ends up in error?

Example	=ISERROR(7/0)
Result	TRUE

Formulas to work with text values, strings, words and phrases

While Excel is predominantly a number driven tool, we still have lots of text values in spreadsheets. Excel has many powerful and elegant text processing functions to help you extract, analyze or understand your text / string values. You can use the special operator & to combine text values or even work with newly introduced TEXTJOIN() function to combine a range of values to one. Keep in mind, this TEXTJOIN only works in Office 365 or Excel Online at the moment. In the below examples, know how to work with string / text values in your workbooks using formulas.

Convert text to lower case

Example	=LOWER("hello")
Result	hello

Convert text to upper case

Example	=UPPER(D3)
Result	JAMES

Convert text to proper case (each word’s first letter capitalized)

Example	=PROPER("this is a long sentence")
Result	This Is A Long Sentence

Combine different text values to one text

Example	=CONCATENATE(A3, " and ", A4)
Result	30 and 25

Combine different text values to one text

Example	=A3&" and "&A4
Result	30 and 25

Extract first few letters from a text

Example	=LEFT("India",3)
Result	Ind

Extract last few letters from a text

Example	=RIGHT("New Zealand",4)
Result	land

Extract middle portion from given text

Example	=MID("United States",4,5)
Result	ted S

What is the length of given text value

Example	=LEN("Chandoo.org")
Result	11

Substitute one word with another

Example	=SUBSTITUTE("Microsoft Excel","cel","cellent")
Result	Microsoft Excellent

Replace some letters with other

Example	=REPLACE("abc@email.com",5,1,"g")
Result	abc@gmail.com

Find if a text has another text

Example	=FIND("soft","Microsoft Excel")
Result	6

Extract initials from a name
H1 contains Bill Jelen
Example	=LEFT(H1,1)&MID(H1,FIND(" ",H1)+1,1)
Result	BJ

Find out how many words are in a sentence
H2 contains «This is a very long sentence with lots of words»
Example	=LEN(H2)-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(H2," ",""))+1
Result	10

Remove unnecessary spaces from a cell

Example	=TRIM(" chandoo. org ")
Result	chandoo. org

Remove anything after a symbol or word
H3 contains someone@something.com
Example	=LEFT(H3,FIND("@",H3)-1)
Result	someone

Formulas to work with date, time and calendar

Date and time values are very important when working with business data. That is why, Excel has many functions in this space. You can use TODAY() to figure out what is the current date or use DATE() to generate a date that you want. In the below examples, learn how to calculate some of the most common date and time related stuff using Excel.

What is today’s date?

Example	=TODAY()
Result	6/27/2018

What is the current date & time?

Example	=NOW()
Result	6/27/2018 12:00

Create a date value from year, month and day

Example	=DATE(2018,10,20)
Result	10/20/2018
Learn more about this formula: Working with date & time values in Excel

Create a time value from hour, minute and second

Example	=TIME(9,45,21)
Result	9:45 AM
Learn more about this formula: Working with date & time values in Excel

Get day of month from given date

Example	=DAY(TODAY())
Result	27
Learn more about this formula: Working with date & time values in Excel

What month is a given date on?

Example	=MONTH(DATEVALUE("12-July-1999"))
Result	7
Learn more about this formula: Working with date & time values in Excel

Extract year from a date

Example	=YEAR(TODAY())
Result	2018
Learn more about this formula: Working with date & time values in Excel

Find out day of week (number) from a date

Example	=WEEKDAY(TODAY())
Result	4
Learn more about this formula: Working with date & time values in Excel

Find out day of week (name of the day) from a date
Use DDD to see short form of day name, such as SUN, MON etc.
Example	=TEXT(TODAY(), "DDDD")
Result	Wednesday
Learn more about this formula: Working with date & time values in Excel

What is the name of a month from a date?
Use MMM to see short form of month name, such as Jan, Feb etc.
Example	=TEXT(TODAY(), "MMMM")
Result	June
Learn more about this formula: Working with date & time values in Excel

Hour from time

Example	=HOUR(NOW())
Result	12
Learn more about this formula: Working with date & time values in Excel

Minute from time

Example	=MINUTE(NOW())
Result	0
Learn more about this formula: Working with date & time values in Excel

Second from time

Example	=SECOND(NOW())
Result	2
Learn more about this formula: Working with date & time values in Excel

What is the date after / before x months

Example	=EDATE(TODAY(),3)
Result	9/27/2018
Learn more about this formula: Working with date & time values in Excel

What is the last date of a month?

Example	=EOMONTH(DATE(2018,8,1),0)
Result	8/31/2018
Learn more about this formula: Working with date & time values in Excel

Calculate number of days between two dates

Example	=DATE(2018,12,1)-DATEVALUE("1-july-2018")
Result	153
Learn more about this formula: Working with date & time values in Excel

Calculate number of years between two dates
You can also use (date1-date2)/365 to calculate number of years between 2 dates
Example	=YEARFRAC(DATE(2009,9,24),TODAY(),1)
Result	8.76
Learn more about this formula: Working with date & time values in Excel

Number of weeks between two dates

Example	=INT((DATE(2018,12,1)-DATEVALUE("1-july-2018"))/7)
Result	21
Learn more about this formula: Working with date & time values in Excel

What is the date after / before x working days (excluding weekends etc.)
This assumes Saturday & Sunday are weekends. If you have some other workweek pattern, use the 3rd parameter of WORKDAY.INTL to specify that. Likewise, you can also specify a list of special holidays (New Years Day, Diwali, Ramadan or Christmas etc.) to exclude them too
Example	=WORKDAY.INTL(TODAY(),12)
Result	7/13/2018
Learn more about this formula: Working with date & time values in Excel

How many working days are between two dates?
This assumes Saturday & Sunday are weekends. If you have some other workweek pattern, use the 3rd parameter of NETWORKDAYS.INTL to specify that. Likewise, you can also specify a list of special holidays (New Years Day, Diwali, Ramadan or Christmas etc.) to exclude them too
Example	=NETWORKDAYS.INTL(TODAY(),DATE(2018,12,31))
Result	134
Learn more about this formula: Working with date & time values in Excel

Formulas to lookup items

Lookup functions help us answer specific questions from business data, like which customer placed the order number PQ1234? You can use them to ask simple questions or combine lookup functions with other formulas in Excel to find more complex things. In these examples, learn how to write some of the most common lookup functions in Excel.

Lookup a value in a table and find corresponding items (example, salary of an employee)
Finds John in the staff table’s first column and returns value from 3rd column (salary)
Example	=VLOOKUP("John", staff, 3, FALSE)
Result	$ 77,000
Learn more about this formula: All you want to know about VLOOKUP

Lookup a pattern in a table and find corresponding items (example, salary of an employee)

Example	=VLOOKUP("Jon*", staff,2,FALSE)
Result	Production
Learn more about this formula: VLOOKUP with wild cards

What is the position of a value in a list?

Example	=MATCH(76000,staff[Salary],0)
Result	10
Learn more about this formula: Using MATCH formula

Formulas to convert one data to another type of data

Often, we end up having data that is not in the right format to do our job. You can use conversion formulas to change data from one type to another.

Convert a cell to number
Here . Is the thousand’s separator and , is decimal point (i.e. European notation)
Example	=NUMBERVALUE("123.456,78",",",".")
Result	123,456.78

Convert a value to date

Example	=DATEVALUE("1-jul-2018")
Result	7/1/2018

Convert a cell to number (another technique)
You can also +0 to a text value to convert it to number.
Example	="12456.78"*1
Result	12,456.78

Formulas to check and prevent errors

We can’t escape bad coffee, occasionally annoying bosses and errors. Of course, Excel can’t help you with first two, but it does a fine job of handling errors for us. Learn how to use the important error handling and checking functions in Excel.

Show a different value if a formula has an error

Example	=IFERROR(VLOOKUP("Sam",staff,3,FALSE),"Employee not found")
Result	Employee not found
Learn more about this formula: IFERROR

Show a different value if a formula has an NA error

Example	=IFNA(7/0,"This will appear if the error is #N/A")
Result	#DIV/0!

Is a cell (or formula) ends up in error?

Example	=ISERROR(7/0)
Result	TRUE

Safely divide one number with another

Example	=IF(A2=0,"",A1/A2)
Result	0.5

Formulas to generate randomized data

Once in a while you need to generate or create random data in Excel. You can use either RAND() or RANDBETWEEN() to complete the job. In these examples, learn how to create most common types of random data using Excel.

Generate a random number
The output changes every time you make a change in your spreadsheet.
Example	=RAND()
Result	0.948708709

Generate a random phone number
The output changes every time you make a change in your spreadsheet.
Example	=RANDBETWEEN(1000000000,9999999999)
Result	(535) 050-1262

Generate a random letter from alphabet
The output changes every time you make a change in your spreadsheet.
Example	=CHAR(RANDBETWEEN(CODE("A"),CODE("Z")))
Result	Z

Create a random option from a list of values
The output changes every time you make a change in your spreadsheet.
Example	=INDEX(staff[Name], RANDBETWEEN(1,COUNTA(staff[Name])))
Result	June

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67 Responses to “100+ Excel Formula Examples + List”

This is a very good compilation. well thought through. thanks guys for this knowledge sharing tips
fethi ben yahia says:

great
your always on top
- bharathram.cn says:
  
  These details were very useful. Excellent for beginners.
Sandeep Kothari says:

Marvelous!
Ravi says:

These details were very useful. Excellent for beginners.
Purva says:

Awesome Chandoo…Keep up the great work!!
Derek says:

And I thought I know Excel. Thank you
Arun Khanal says:

You are great.
Billy says:

Awesome list! A handy bookmark reference for formulas I don’t use very often. Thanks!
K.V.RAGHUNATHA RAO says:

Excellent and very much useful, thank you very much
Didier ESSONO ONDO says:

Very useful
Tapan Fouzder says:

I am always fan of you. Tell me how can I learn more from you. You are awesome teacher of excel.
Great Post about excel formulas, and after seeing your blog you are one point solution for Excel.
Well worth thank you for sharing
Jesse N says:

This is a great list and reference. I did notice something that threw me off as I was deconstructing a formula.

The results for the ‘Find out how many words are in a sentence’ section have a result of 1 instead of 10. Also, the example references H2 while the formula references H4.

Keep up the great work and always looking forward to more great content.

Thanks,
A Fan
- @Jesse N: Good spotting and thank you for letting me know. I have fixed the problem now.
microuser says:

I know your real name is ‘Can Do !! ‘
- @microuser 🙂 Thank you for the kind words
Dennis S. Del Villar says:

Greatly AWESOME!
Chanaka says:

Good Job and thank you for the improve our knowledge.
Sandeep Kothari says:

CHANDOO, U R unbeatable!
U R 2 far from me!
(Pun intended, obviously!)
Very good and very useful
Thank you very much
SEEMA says:

i want to know more
Charles says:

Great works Mr Awesome
The world will never be the same again.
SANKAR says:

thanks for sharing such valuable formulas
Anjali Arora says:

Thanks sir. I vil definitely try all these.

Awesome !!!
- Venky says:
  
  Brilliant, this sums up all
Vipan says:

Sir, can we make search able drop down list like google search in excel
Thanks for all that you share. It is all very valuable stuff though as an old man, I like your podcasts most. Please keep creating and posting your podcasts more frequently.
David Hodge says:

My new favorite bookmark — thanks Chandoo!
Siddharth says:

You are wonderful excel guru, and I appreciate your love, kindness, support and generosity. Thank you.

Sid
Tom says:

What an absolute star!
Raj Mengi says:

Awesome. Been your fan for a long time now.
MJ says:

Plz help.. I am still not sure of the difference between MODE & MODE.SNGL
- @MJ… here we go
  1) MODE.SNGL gives you the most frequent item in a list of values. If there are multiple items that are most frequent, then this will give the first such number. For ex. {1,1,2,2,3} , MODE.SNGL gives 1
  2) MODE.MULT gives you a list of all most frequent items. In the example {1,1,2,2,3}, MODE.MULT gives {1,2} as an array. If you select two cells and press CTRL+Shift+Enter on MODE.MULT({1,1,2,2,3}) then you will get both numbers, one per cell.
  3) MODE is the original excel function for this kind of thing. The result will be same as MODE.SNGL. It is there for backwards compatibility.
  
  For your work, either use MODE.SNGL or MODE.MULT. If you have a colleague or client still using older versions of Excel, then switch to MODE.
  
  Hope that helps.
Mark Nordhaus says:

Thanks Chandoo. Good reference.
- Sandeep Kothari says:
  
  Dear Chandoo
  How to select two cells and then press CTRL+Shift+Enter on MODE.MULT({1,1,2,2,3}) at the same time as I select the 2 cells?
  I tried but failed miserably. Pl enlighten.
This is fabulous, no doubt.

One minor comment, though.
In the «Remove anything after a symbol or word» tip, I’d wrap the original formula with IFERROR in case the desired character «@» was not found.
Something like:
=IFERROR(LEFT(H3,FIND(«@»,H3)-1),»Error. Character not found in string»)

Best Regards
Agil says:

Chandoo, you are as great as shah rukh khan.
Brilliant.
bharathram.cn says:

Thanks Chandoo. Good reference.
Prashanta Hegde says:

Super. thanks a lot for sharing very useful Formula in Excel
Tesfaye Bekele says:

Hi Chandoo
thanks a lot for sharing Excel Formula, I appreciate your kindness and support
thank you
Rasheed says:

It’s really helpful, Thanks for sharing
JimH says:

Good Morning Chandoo,
I am trying to figure out an easy way just to count call volume; In & out by use of a button. One button called «In» and another «Out». Just click the «In» or «Out» button and it tallies the # of calls. any ideas?
- @Jim H
  
  Can you ask the questionm in the Chandoo.org Forums
  https://chandoo.org/forum/
  
  Please attach a sample file to the post to facilitate a more specific answer
PRAVEEN KUMAR says:

Hi..
I have students list with Marks & Rank and i want to find 1-10 marks how many students and their ranks in Brackets
For Example
1-10 marks
10 students(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10)Ranks
Deepak Gour says:

Thank you for this collection. It was very helpful for me today.
James says:

If I enter a word (new) in a cell I want it to automatically place that word in the three cells below it. How do I do that!
- @James
  Select the 4 cells
  Type the word and press Ctrl+Enter
Shrikant Patil says:

Thanks Chandoo.org
Anand says:

Sir i want to ask
I making sheet for our self.
In which i have 6 types of services which i am providing to my clients.
services have different names and rates.
is there any formula if i write services names in cell the amount of that reflect in next to that cell.
below that next name rate will reflect.
jenylence says:

What’s New in Excel 2019.
Adil says:

Thank youh!!!
Dear, i think thath you know very well Excel. I am not a beginner in Excel, i am the owner of a Italian Website about Excel. Thank you for you resources.
Best regards.
Marck
laxman kulkarni says:

need total excel formula in excel sheet request to send as soon as
yogaho says:

SUPER USEFUL!!!Thanks Chandoo!!!
mary says:

I want to take the state out of one cell and put in cell before it like
1200 SW PARK AVE, PORTLAND, OR 97205-2441
I want OR in the cell before. HOW??
Ashish Bhandari says:

Amazing work Chandoo. You are awesome. This compilation is super useful. Thank you so much.
venkat says:

if i type an amount in figures (2500) in excel , it should come in words for the same amount

i need formula
dava says:

=((((Control!$C$57*(1-D6))+Control!$B$57))*D9+D20*(1-Control!$B$58/100))
above excel formula, what function of «Control!» in the formula.
Please clarify.
Regards,
Dava Sangpo
Kevin D’Ambrosco says:

If I copy a lengthy list of
Company’s names
Addresses and phone numbers

Then paste them in excel, is there a method that can extract and divide the pasted information to specific columns and rows?

An example of what the pasted info is as follows

[ABC123 Retail store LLC.] [123 hyper avenue. ]
[ ] [Westerly, Ri 02893. ]
[ ] [United states401-555-5555]

Its a task that has 2500 stores to reconfigure the formats

Also as you may have noticed, the words » United states and phone numbers » are not spaced or separated in cells

Thanks for your time and any consideration given to this matter

Regards
Kevin D’Ambrosco
Marian says:

I’ve been working with Excel all day but after seeing this blog I think I can easily submit the report after few hours which usually takes me the whole shift and sometimes, it takes me days to finish it off.
Murali says:

Dear Chandoo

Have a query and not able to find a proper answer.The below Eg. which has date and time together in 1 Cell , how to i separate it ie Date in 1 Cell and Time in another cell without loosing the format.
7/27/2021 16:36
Susan says:

Chandoo
I am looking for a custom number format that shows (02 45 67) or (02 45 67.13) just by typing in the number without spaces but including the period between the last set of two numbers. (024567) I want to show up as (02 45 67) and if I type in (024567.13) I want it to show up as (02 45 67.13).
I have tried everything I could find using the custom format for numbers but could not get it to work.
Thanks for your consideration in replying
- You can try the format code 00 00 00.00 but it will show 24567 as 02 45 67.00
  I am not sure if we can suppress decimal point values when there is none.

Источник

The Excel Formulas Ultimate Guide

Introduction to Excel Formulas

In this guide, we are going to cover everything you need to know about Excel Formulas. Learning how to create a formula in Excel is the building block to the exciting journey to become an Excel Expert. So, let’s get started!

What is an Excel Formula?

Excel Formulas are often referred to as Excel Functions and it’s no big deal but there is a difference, a function is a piece of code that executes a predefined calculation, and a formula is an equation created by the user.

A formula is an expression that operates on values in a cell or range of cells. An example of a formula looks like this: = A2 + A3 + A4 + A5. This formula will result in the sum of the range of values from cell A2 to cell A5.

A function is a predetermined formula in Excel. It shows calculations in a particular order defined by its parameters. An example of a function is =SUM (A2, A5). This function will also provide the addition of values in the range of cells from A2 to A5 but here instead of specifying each cell address we are using the SUM function.

How To Write Excel Formulas

Let’s look at how to write a formula on MS Excel. To begin with, a formula always starts with a ‘+’ or ‘=’ sign, if you start writing the formula without any of these two signs, Excel will treat the value in that cell as text and will not perform any function.

In the screenshot below, you need to calculate the total sales amount by multiplying quantity sold with unit price. Select cell D2, type the formula ‘=B2*C2’ and press Enter. The result will display on cell D2.

Apply A Formula To An Entire Column Or Range

To copy a formula to adjacent cells, you can do the following:

Select the cell with the formula and the adjacent cells you want to fill, then drag the fill handle.

Select the cell with the formula and the adjacent cells you want to fill, then press Ctrl+D to fill the formula down in a column, or Ctrl+R to fill the formula to the right in a row.
Select the cell with the formula and the adjacent cells you want to fill, then Click Home > Fill, and choose either Down, Right, Up, or Left.

How to Copy A Formula And Paste It

Excel allows you to copy the formula entered in a cell and paste it on to another cell, which can save both time and effort. To copy paste a formula:

Select the cell whose formula you wish to copy
Press Ctrl + C to copy the content
Select the cell or cells where you wish to paste the formula. The copied cells will now have a dashed box around them.
Press Alt + E + S to open the paste special box and select ‘Formula’ or Press “F’ to paste the formula.

The formula will be pasted into the selected cells.

Basic Excel Formulas

Let’s start off with simple Excel Formulas. In the screenshot below, there are two columns containing numbers and we would like to use different operators like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on those to get different results. Excel uses standard operators for formulas, such as a plus sign for addition (+), a minus sign for subtraction (-), an asterisk for multiplication (*), a forward slash for division (/).

Excel Formulas

Addition– To add values in the two columns, simply type the formula =A2+B2 on cell C2 and then copy paste the same on the cells below.
Subtraction – To subtract values in Column B from Column A, simply type the formula =B2-A2 on cell C2 and then copy paste the same on the cells below.
Multiplication – To multiply values in the two columns, simply type the formula =A2*B2 on cell C2 and then copy paste the same on the cells below.
Division – To divide values in Column a by values in Column B, simply type the formula =A2/B2 on cell C2 and then copy paste the same on the cells below.

We can also calculate the percentage using Excel Formulas. In the image below, we have sales in Year 1 and Year 2 and we would like to know the % growth in sales from Year 1 to Year 2.

To do that, select cell C2 and type the formula = (B2 – A2)/B2*100

Basic Excel Functions

A function is a predefined formula that performs calculations using specific values in a particular order. Excel includes many common functions that can be useful for quickly finding the sum, average, count, maximum value, and minimum value for a range of cells. a function must be written a specific way, which is called the syntax.

The basic syntax for a function is an equals sign (=), the function name, and one or more arguments. A Function is generally comprised of two components:

1) A function name -The name of a function indicates the type of math Excel will perform.

2) An argument – It is the values that a function uses to perform operations or calculations. The type of argument a function uses is specific to the function. Common arguments that are used within functions include numbers, text, cell references, and names

Let’s look at some common Excel Functions:

SUM Function

The SUM formula adds 2 or more numbers together. You can use cell references as well in this formula.

Syntax: =SUM(number1, [number2], …)

Example: =SUM(A2:A8) or SUM(A2:A7, A9, A12:A15)

AUTOSUM Function

The AutoSum command allows you to automatically insert the most common functions into your formula, including SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, MIN, and MAX.

Select the cell where you want the formula, Go to Home > Click on AutoSum > From the dropdown click on “Sum” > Enter.

Excel Formulas

COUNT Function

If you wish to how many cells are there in a selected range containing numeric values, you can use the function COUNT. It will only count cells that contain either numbers or dates.

Syntax: =COUNT(value1, [value2], …)

In the example below, you can see that the function skips cell A6 (as it is empty) and cell A11 (as it contains text) and gives you the output 9.

COUNTA Function

Counts the number of non-empty cells in a range. It will include cells that have any character in them and only exclude blank cells.

Syntax: =COUNTA(value1, [value2], …)

In the example below, you can see that only cell A6 is not included, all other 10 cells are

counted.

AVERAGE Function

This function calculates the average of all the values or range of cells included in the parentheses.

Syntax: =AVERAGE(value1, [value2], …)

ROUND Function

This function rounds off a decimal value to the specified number of decimal points. Using the ROUND function, you can round to the right or left of the decimal point.

Syntax: =ROUND(number,num_digit)

This function contains 2 arguments. First, is the number or cell reference containing the number you want to round off and second, number of digits to which the given number should be rounded.

If the num-digit is greater than 0, then the value will be rounded to the right of the decimal point.
If the num-digit is less than 0, then the value will be rounded to the left of the decimal point.
If the num-digit equal to 0, then the value will be rounded to the nearest integer.

MAX Function

This function returns the highest value in a range of cells provided in the formula.

Syntax: =MAX(value1, [value2], …)

In the example below, we are trying to calculate the maximum value in the dataset from A2 to A13. The formula used is =MAX(A2: A13) and it returns the maximum value i.e. 96.251

MIN Function

This function returns the lowest value in a range of cells provided in the formula.

Syntax: =MIN(value1, [value2], …)

In the example below, we are trying to calculate the minimum value in the dataset from A2 to A13. The formula used is =MIN(A2: A13) and it returns the minimum value i.e. 24.178

TRIM Function

This function removes all extra spaces in the selected cell. It is very helpful while data cleaning to correct formatting and do further analysis of the data.

Syntax: =trim(cell1)

In the example below, you can see the name in cell A2 contains an extra space, in the beginning, =TRIM(A2) would return “Steve Peterson” with no spaces in a new cell.

Excel Formulas

Advanced Excel Formulas

Here is a list of Excel Formulas that we would feel comfortable referring to as the top 10 Excel Formulas. These formulas can be used for basic problems or highly advanced problems as well, though advanced excel formulas are nothing but a more creative way of using the formulas. Sure, there are legitimate Advanced Excel Formulas such as Array Formulas but in general the more advanced the problem, the more creative you need to be with Formulas.

Currently, Excel has well over 400 formulas and functions but most of them are not that useful for corporate professionals so here is a list that we believe contains the 10 best Excel formulas.

Starting with number 10 – it’s the IFERROR formula

IFERROR Function –
SUBTOTAL Function –
SMALL/LARGE Function –
LEFT Function –
RIGHT Function –
SUMIF Function –
MATCH Function –
INDEX Function –
VLOOKUP Function –
IF Function –

IFERROR Function –

You ever have presented a worksheet that you thought was perfect but were surprised with a “#DIV /0!” error or an “#N/A” error message (See the screenshot below), then this function is perfect for you. Excel has an “IFERROR” function that can automatically replace error messages with a message of your choice.

Excel Formulas

The IFERROR function has two parameters, the first parameter is typically a formula and the second parameter, value_if_error, is what you want Excel to do if value, the first parameter, results in an error. Value_if_error can be a number, a formula, a reference to another cell, or it can be text if the text is contained in quotes.

That means you can put formula or an expression in the first part of the IFERROR function and Excel will show the result of that formula unless the formula results in an error. If the formula results in an error, Excel will follow the instructions in the second half of the IFERROR formula.

This function cleans up your sheet and it will visually make things look a lot better and more professional.

Let’s see an example to make the concept clearer.

Excel Formulas

In this example, we have two lists – one contains the names of all people (Column A) and the second list contains the name of award winners only (Column F).

We have used a simple Vlookup function to see if the name is an award winner. The Vlookup function (it is covered later in details) will search the list on the right, if the name is present in the award winner list, it will show the name or else it will show an error.

The N/A error makes the worksheet look dirty and unprofessional. Now we will add iferror function here to remedy the same.

=IFERROR(VLOOKUP(A5,$F$5:$F$10,1,0),””)

Excel Formulas

IFERROR function will recognize the error and instead of displaying the error message will display the text, say a blank, or you can show any other message that you desire.

IFERROR is a great way to replace Excel-generated error messages with explanations, additional information, or simply leave the cell blank.

SUBTOTAL Function –

The SUBTOTAL function returns the aggregate value of the data provided. You can select any of the 11 functions that SUBTOTAL can calculate like SUM, COUNT, AVERAGE, MAX, MIN, etc. SUBTOTAL Function can also include or exclude values in hidden rows based on the input provided in the function.

Excel’s traditional formulas do not work on filtered data since the function will be performed on both the hidden and visible cells. To perform functions on filtered data one must use the subtotal function.

Syntax: SUBTOTAL(function_num,ref1,…)The first parameter is the name of the function to be used within the subtotal function and the second parameter is the range of cells that should be subtotalled

The list of functions that can be used in given below. If the data is filtered manually, the numbers from 1 – 11 will include the hidden cells and number from 101 – 111 will exclude them.

Excel Formulas

Let’s understand this function with an example.

Excel Formulas

Here we have a list of name of person, with their country and the total sales they have achieved in Q1. We will use the subtotal function to calculate the total sales in cell C26. We will also select the function in such a way that it works on filtered data as well.

The formula will be =SUBTOTAL (109,C5:C24)

Excel Formulas

This will display the total sales. Now, we filter the data to see the sales made by people in US only. You will see the value in the cell containing the SUBTOTAL function updates and it filters the dataset and displays the total sales made by US only.

Excel Formulas

Here is another benefit of using a SUBTOTAL function:

When you’re creating an information summary, especially like a profit and loss statement where you’ve got lots of subtotals, what you can do is you can use the subtotal formula, and then at the end, you can put a big old formula right at the end and it will just ignore your subtotal.

Here we have 4 different tables for sales in 4 different countries.

Excel Formulas

We can add individual SUBTOTAL functions for each table and then a grand total function in the end. The SUBTOTAL function in the end will ignore all the other SUBTOTAL functions above it and will provide you the total sales.

Excel Formulas

SMALL/LARGE Function –

Here, we have two formulas and they’re two sides of the same coin – the small formula and the large function. So, imagine you’ve got a list of, let’s say, sales data or cost data and what SMALL Function will do is provide you with the smallest value in the data set. You can also specify if you want the first smallest or second smallest. Similarly, with the large formula, you can extract the largest value in this dataset, the second largest and so on.

Syntax: =LARGE(array,k); SMALL(array,k)

The first parameter is the range of data for which you want to determine the k-th largest value and the second is the position (from the largest/smallest) in the cell range of the value to return.

Excel Formulas

Now, in the dataset above if you want to know the person who has achieved the highest sales, you can use the LARGE function – =LARGE($C$4:$C$23,E5). We have used E5 for the second parameter as it contains the value 1. If we copy paste the formula in the cells below, you will get the 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th and 5^th largest value in the dataset. Similarly, we have used the function SMALL to get the value for lowest sales.

Excel Formulas

LEFT & RIGHT Function –

A lot of people work on text manipulation with functions like text to columns or even do it manually but being able to extract the exact number of characters that you want from the left or the right side of a string is absolutely invaluable. This is what the LEFT and RIGHT function does – it extracts a given number of characters from the left/right side of a supplied text string.

Syntax: =LEFT (text, [num_chars]) and RIGHT(text,num_chars)

The first parameter is the text string containing the characters you want to extract and the second parameter specifies how many characters you want LEFT/RIGHT to extract; 1 if omitted.

In the example given below, we have full names of people and we would like to extract the first name. We can surely do it using text to column, but using the LEFT function will give us a more automated result. So, let’s see how it can be done.

Excel Formulas

When you look at the data, you can see that a character is common in all names and it separates the first name and last name – it is a “space”. If we can find out the position of space in each cell, we can easily extract the first name.

Does Excel have a formula for this as well? Off course! SEARCH is the function that will come to your rescue.

SEARCH function provides the position of the first occurrence of the specified character.SEARCH (find_text, within_text, start_num) has three parameters – first is the character you want to find, second is the text in which you want to search and third is the character number in Within_text, counting from the left, at which you want to start searching. If omitted, 1 is used.

So, going back to our example, we use the formula SEARCH to find the position of the character – space in Column A. We will need to subtract “1” from the position to get the desired result. The formula will be =SEARCH (“ “,A5)-1 and copy paste it down.

Excel Formulas

Now we will use the LEFT Function to get the first name. =LEFT(A5,B5) – A5 contains the full name and B5 contains the number of characters from left that contains the first name.

Excel Formulas

SUMIF(S) Function –

This function is used to conditionally sum up a range of values. It returns the summation of selected range of cells if it satisfies the given criteria. It is like the SUM function because it adds stuff up. But, it allows us to specify conditions for what to include in the result. Criteria can be applied to dates, numbers, and text using logical operators (>,<,<>,=) and wildcards (*,?) for partial matching. For example, SUMIF function can add up the quantity column, but only include those rows where the SKU is equal to, say A200.

Syntax: =SUMIF (range, criteria, [sum_range])

The first argument is the range of values to be tested against the given criteria, second argument is the condition to be tested against each of the values and the last argument is the range of numeric values if the criteria is satisfied. The last argument is optional and if it is omitted then values from the range argument are used instead.

SUMIF can handle one criterion only. For multiple conditional summing – we can use SUMIFS.

The Syntax of this function is =SUMIFS( sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2], … ); where sum_range is the range of values to add, criteria_range1 is the range that contains the values to evaluate and criteria1 is the value that criteria_range1 must meet to be included in the sum. You can add additional pairs of criteria range and criteria if further conditions are to be met.

It is advisable to use SUMIFS even if you have only one criteria to evaluate as it will help you to easily modify the function if additional conditions come up over time.

Let’s dive into an example. Below we have data containing name, country in which sales were made, and the different quarterly sales data.

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Using SUMIFS function, we would like to calculate the sum of sales in Q1 for the different countries. Now, to get the total sales in UK in Q1, we select the cell I4 and type the formula =SUMIFS(C4:C23,B4:B23,H4). We will then copy paste the formula below to get the result for each country.

INDEX & MATCH Function –

The MATCH function is used to search for an item and return the relative position of that item in a horizontal or vertical list.

Syntax: MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, [match_type])

The first argument is the value you want to look up, second is the range of cells being searched and the last argument, which is optimal, tells the MATCH function what sort of lookup to do.

The three acceptable values for match type are 1, 0 and -1. The default value for this argument is 1.

If the input is 1. MATCH finds the largest value that is less than or equal to the lookup_value. The values in the lookup_array argument must be placed in ascending order.
If the input is 0. MATCH finds the first value that is exactly equal to the lookup_value. The values in the lookup_array argument can be in any order.
If the input is -1. MATCH finds the smallest value that is greater than or equal to the lookup_value. The values in the lookup_array argument must be placed in descending order.

For example, if the range A1:A5 contains the values Evelyn Greer, Randy Mueller, Maverick Cooper, Eesha Bevan and Nancie Velez, then the formula =MATCH(“Maverick Cooper”,A1:A5,0) returns the number 3, because Maverick Cooper is the third item in the range.

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INDEX

function is used to return the value in the cell based on the row number and column number provided. It can do two-way lookup: where we are retrieving an item from a table at the intersection of a row header and column header.

Syntax: =INDEX (array, row_num, [col_num])

The first argument is the range/array containing the values you want to look up, second is the row number; the row number from which the value is to be fetched (if omitted, Column_num is required) and third is the column number from which the value is to be fetched.

For Example: =INDEX(A1:B6,3,2)

This function will look in the range A1 to B6, and It will return whatever value is housed in Row 3 and Column 2. The answer here will be “India” in cell B3.

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As you have seen, Index and Match on their own are effective and powerful formulas but together they are absolutely incredible. Let’s look at it.

Remember that you must tell INDEX Function which row and column number to go to. In the examples above, we hard coded it to a specific number. But instead, we can drop this MATCH function into that space in our formula and make the formula dynamic.

Let’s dive into an example.

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Here we have two dropdowns in cell H9 and H11 containing names and quarters. What we want is that, once we select a name in cell H9 and a quarter in cell H11, the corresponding sales for the specified person and quarter appears in cell H14. We will be using INDEX & MATCH to accomplish this.The formula will be: =INDEX($A$3:$F$23,MATCH(H9,$A$3:$A$23,0),MATCH(H11,$A$3:$F$3,0))

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This function will take A3:F23 as the range and the first match will use the name mentioned in cell H9 (here, Eesha Bevan) and obtain the position of it in the Name column (A3:A23). This becomes the row number from which the data needs to be taken. Similarly, the second match will use the quarter mentioned in cell H11 (here, Q2 Total Sales) and obtain the position of it in the Quarter’s row (A3:F3). This becomes the column number from which the data needs to be taken. Now, based on the row and column number provided by the Match functions, index function will now provide the required value, i.e. 18,250.

This formula is now dynamic, i.e. if you change the name or quarter in cells H9 or H11 the formula will still work and provide the correct value.

VLOOKUP Function –

This function is not as flexible or powerful as the combination of Index and Match that we talked about just now, however, the reason this is number 2 on the list is simply because it’s quick, flexible, easy to implement and doesn’t put a whole lot of strain on your CPU while calculating.

Vlookup is a vertical lookup function that tries to match a value in the first column of a lookup table and then return an item from a subsequent column.

Syntax: VLOOKUP ( lookup_value , table_array , col_index_num , [range_lookup] )

Lookup_value: Is the value to be found in the first column of the table, and can be a value, a reference, or a text string.
Table_array: This is the lookup table and the first column in this range must contain the lookup_value.
Col_index_num: This is the column number in table_array from which the matching value should be returned.
Range_lookup: is a logical value that tells you the type of lookup you want to do. To find the closest match in the first column (sorted in ascending order) use TRUE; to find an exact match use FALSE (if omitted, TRUE is used as default).

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In the example above, the first table contains name, country and quarterly sales and the second table contains the country name and nationality.

Now, we have an empty column (Column G) in the first table and we want to use Vlookup to extract the nationality of a person based on the country name mentioned in Column B.

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The function will be: =VLOOKUP(B4,$K$3:$L$7,2,0). This function will lookup the value in cell B4 (i.e. UK) in the first column of the range K3:L7 and will return the corresponding value from the second column of the range i.e. British.

IF Function

So, why is this formula so important? Simply because this function gives you the flexibility to control your outcomes. When you can understand and model your outcomes, you can create logic and thus create a business model.

IF function is a logical test that evaluates a condition and returns a value if the condition is met, and another value if it is not met.

Syntax: =IF(logical_test,[value_if_true],[value_if_false])

Logical test – It is condition that needs to be evaluated. The logical operators that can be used are = (equal to), > (greater than), >= (greater than or equal to), < (less than), <= (less than or equal to) and <> (not equal to).
Value_if_true – Is the value that is returned if Logical_test is TRUE. If omitted, TRUE is returned.
Value_if_false – Is the value that is returned if Logical_test is FALSE. If omitted, FALSE is returned.

You can also use OR and AND functions along with IF to test multiple conditions. Example: =IF(AND(logical_test1, logical_test2),[value_if_true],[value_if_false]).

IF functions can also be nested, the FALSE value being replaced by another IF function to make a further test. Example: =IF(logical_test,[value_if_true,IF(logical_test,[value_if_true],[value_if_false])).

Let’s go through the IF function with an example to discuss it in detail.

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In the screenshot above, we have a table that contains the name, country and quarterly sales achieved by different persons. Now, we want to see which persons have been promoted based on the criteria that the total sales achieved by that person is greater than £250,000. In the column for Promotions (Column G), we want the formula to test whether the total sales are greater than £250,000, if it is true then we want the text “Promoted” to be displayed, else a blank.

The formula to be used will be: =IF(C4+D4+E4+F4>250000,”Promoted”,””)

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So, this completes our Top 10 Excel formulas. As we have already mentioned there are 400+ Excel formulas available and these 10 best Excel formulas will cover about 70% to 75% of your needs, but if you want to go a little bit more we have a book about the 27 best Excel formulas that will cover pretty much all of your formula requirements. The best thing about this is – it contains info-graphics and is completely free!

Excel Formulas Not Working: Troubleshooting Formulas

Continuing our series on Excel Formulas, this part is all about troubleshooting Excel Formulas. Let’s look at the major issues.

How To Refresh Excel Formulas

If Your Excel Formulas are Not Calculating, then start off by refreshing them. Do either of the following methods to refresh formulas:

Press F2 and then Enter to refresh the formula of a particular cell.
Press Shift + F9 to recalculate all formulas in the active sheet or you can go to the Formula Tab > Under Calculation Group > Select “Calculate Sheet”.

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Press F9 to recalculate all formulas in the workbook or you can go to the Formula Tab > Under Calculation Group > Select “Calculate Now”.

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Press Ctrl + Alt + F9 to recalculate formulas in open worksheets of all open workbooks.
Press Ctrl + Alt + Shift + F9 to recalculate formulas in all sheets in all open workbooks.

How To Show Formulas In Excel

Usually when you type a formula in Excel and press Enter, Excel displays a calculated value in the cell. If you wish to see the formula that you have typed in the cell, you can do either of the following methods:

Go to Formula Tab > Under Formula Auditingsection > Click on “Show Formulas”.

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Press Ctrl + ` to show formulas in the cell.

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How To Audit Your Formula

Formula Auditing is used in Excel to display the relationship between formulas and cells. There are different ways in which you can do that. Let’s cover each one in detail:

Trace Precedents

Trace Precedents shows all the cells that affect the formula in the selected cell. When you click this button, Excel draws arrows to the cells that are referred to in the formula inside the selected cell.

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In the example below, we have a cost table that contains totals and grand total. We will now use trace precedents to check how the cells are linked to each other.Click on the cell containing grand total (Cell C15) > Go to Formula Tab > Click on “Trace Precedents”.

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To see the next level of precedents, click the Trace Precedents command again.

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To remove arrows, simply go to Formula Tab > Click on “Remove Arrows”.

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Trace Dependents

Trace Dependents show all the cells that are affected by the formula in the selected cell. When you click this button, Excel draws arrows from the selected cell to the cells that use, or depend on, the results of the formula in the selected cell.

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In the example below, we have a cost table that contains totals and grand total. We will now use trace dependents to check how the cells are linked to each other.Click on the cell containing Property Cost (Cell C3) > Go to Formula Tab > Click on “Trace Dependents”.

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To see the next level of dependents, click the Trace Dependents command again

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Evaluate Formula

This function is used to evaluate each part of the formula in the current cell. The Evaluate Formula feature can be quite useful in formulas that nest many functions within them and helps in debugging an error.

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To evaluate the calculation in cell C15 (Grand Total), Click on the cell > Go to Formula Tab > Click on “Evaluate Formula”.

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A dialog box will appear that will enable you to evaluate parts of the formula.

This will help you to debug an error as it provides you with the value calculated at each step of evaluation done by Excel.

Error Checking

This function is helpful as it is used to understand the nature of an error in a cell and to enable you to trace its precedents.

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To check for the errors shown in the screenshot below, click on cell C18 > Click on Formula Tab > Under Formula Auditing group > Click on “Error Checking”.

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Once you click on Error Checking button, a dialog box will appear. It will describe the reason for the error and will guide you on what to do next. You can either trace the error or ignore the error or go to the formula bar and edit it. You can choose either of these options by clicking on the button shown in the Error Checking Dialog box.

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These top formulas and functions of Excel will surely help and guide you in every step of your Excel Journey.

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MS Excel: Formulas and Functions — Listed by Category

Lookup/Ref Functions

String/Text Functions

Date/Time Functions

Math/Trig Functions

Statistical Functions

Logical Functions

Information Functions

Financial Functions

Database Functions

Engineering Functions

File/Directory Functions

Data Type Conv. Functions

More Lookup Functions

Other

Data for Excel formula list in this guide

Excel Formula List by topic

Formulas related to numbers, values, summaries and statistics

Add some values

Add values from a range of cells

Sum up values from a table reference

Sum of numbers that meet conditions

Sum of numbers greater than (less than etc.) something

Sum of numbers that are currently filtered

Count of numbers that are currently filtered

Running total in a column, adjacent to original data

Count of numbers in a range

Count of all values (including text)

Count of blank values in the input (range or table column)

Count number of non-blank values

Count how many items have met given conditions

Count how many items begin with given text

Count how many items end with given pattern

Count how many items contain given word

Average of given numbers

Average of given numbers satisfying conditions

Average of positive numbers

Average of numbers excluding top & bottom 10% values

7 day moving average from daily data

Weighted average of numbers

Median of a range of values

Most frequent number in a range (MODE)

Statistical quartiles of given values

90th (or any other) percentile of given values

Minimum value among a list of numbers

3rd smallest (or any other) among a list

Rank of a number in a list of values

Maximum value from a list of values

2nd largest value in a spreadsheet range

Formulas to do operations on numbers

Remainder after dividing two numbers

Round a number to nearest whole number or fraction

Round a number to nearest multiple of x

Integer portion of a number

Percentage change (variance) from one value to another

Decimal portion of a number

Absolute value of a number

Calculate power of one number to another

Formulas related to check things, apply business rules and logic control

Check a condition and output one of the two possible values

Check if multiple conditions are true (AND)

Check if any condition is true (OR)

Logical NOT check

Check if either this or that (Exclusive OR)

Select one among multiple values

Multiple IF conditions as IFS

Check if a value is present in a list

Check multiple conditions as nested IF

Check if a value is between two other values

Is a cell blank?

Is a value even?