After the great fire of london the word

Read the text and name the parts. Here are some more facts
about the history of London. Jane has read about them in her
book.

 I
At the beginning of the 11th century England was already a great country and London was a very important city. In 1066 William the Conqueror3 and his people went to England from Normandy [‘nɔ:məndɪ] in France [fra:ns].

 William the Conqueror became King4 of England. The King lived in London. Many of his people lived in London too. But William was afraid of the English, of the people of London and he built the White Tower5 to live in it. Now it is one of the most important and beautiful buildings of the Tower of London. As it is very famous, a lot of people visit it every year.

 All Kings and Queens of England have lived in London. It became the biggest city in England. By 1600 there were more than two hundred thousand (200 000) people in London.

 II
In those days people usually built houses of wood, and they often were near one another. Sometimes there were fires in the city, but they were usually very small. Then came 1666, the year of the Great Fire of London.

 On Saturday, 2nd September 1666 there was a strong wind from the river and a big fire began. It started in the house of the king’s baker,1 near London Bridge.

 The baker’s wife woke up in the middle of the night because the house was on fire. Soon the next house started burning and then the next and the next… The fire burnt until Thursday. Many houses in London were burnt. The fire burnt for four days and destroyed2 80% of the city. More than 250 thousand people didn’t have home any more.

 After the Great Fire people built a new city. The city became larger and larger. By 1830 there were more than one and a half million [‘miljən] people in London. The railways came and London became richer and richer, but it didn’t become nicer. The city became dark and dirty and people lived in bad houses.

 There are still some poor people in London today, but life is better now as there are many new houses and flats. The city is also much cleaner.

Английский язык, 11 класс

Урок № 25. London’s burning!

На уроке мы:

• узнаем слова по теме «Великий пожар в Лондоне»;
• узнаем об интересном историческом событии – пожаре в Лондоне;
• научимся составлять пересказ текста.

Task 1. Познакомься со словами урока.

Overcrowded – переполненный (людьми)

bone dry – абсолютно сухой

put out – тушить огонь

spark – искра

ember – тлеющий уголь

engulf – поглотить

on fire – в огне

extinguish – гасить, тушить

column – колонна

commemorate – почтить память

astonish – удивлять

demolish – удивлять

ignite – зажечь

rage – бушевать

spread – распространяться

die out – затихать

pay dearly – дорого заплатить

Task 2. Переведи выражения на русский язык.

bone dry
put out
spark
ember
engulf
on fire
extinguish
column
commemorate
astonish
demolish
ignite
rage
spread
die out
pay dearly

Task 3. Choose the right answer.

The fire broke out in a basement that just below me at 3 a. m. I live on the ground floor of (1)_________________. I could smell smoke from somewhere when I woke up at around quarter past three.

I ran to the door and saw (2)___________. I panicked and ran back into the living room where I escaped (3)_______________.

It took a long time before (4)___________. The police said that this was due to the fact that the flats didn`t have any smoke alarms.

The building (5)____________________. Within a few minutes it had spread to the upper floors. It was horrible. I could hear people who (6)_____________________. One family on the fifth floor were all killed. It`s tragic. Another fifty people have been sent to hospital.

I was told that it might have started when an elderly man in the basement flat fell asleep while smoking.

All this could have been averted. The four members of the Jones family might have been alive today if (7)_____________-. It`s just been like hell. I`m so relieved to be safe. I hope that I`ll never have to experience anything like this again.

Фразы для подстановки в текст

1. a fire brigade arrived

2. smoke alarms had been installed 3. seemed to go up in flames very quickly

4. the apartment block in central London

5. were trapped in their flats screaming

6. the whole hallway in flames

7. by jumping out of the window

Task 4. Choose the right answer.

1. When did the Great Fire of London start?
2. on September 6, 1666
3. on September 2, 1666
4. on September 9, 1666
5. Where did the Great Fire of London begin:

a) in Baker Street

b) In Pie Place

c) in Pudding Lane

3. How long did the fire burn for?

a) 4 days

b) 3 days

c) 2 days

4. Which of these statements is NOT true?

a) London was the biggest city in England at the time of the fire

b) the fire destroyed 80000 houses

c) the fire started in a bakery

5. Who designed the Great Fire of London monument?

a) Sir Christopher Raven

b) Sir Christopher Robin

c) Sir Christopher Wren

6. Which of the these statements is true?

a) the fire melted the chains on the city gates

b) records show that hundreds of people perished in the fire

c) the monument is built on the spot where the fire began.

Task 5. Fill in the table with nouns and verbs.

nouns	verbs

Слова для подстановки в таблицу:

Astonish, wood-built houses, column, extinguish, brick houses, engulf, ember, rage, spread, straw, tomb, oven, commemorate, put out.

Task 6. Find 7 words on the topic.

CDSLINENPO

XNURSEZPKH

SUPPLIESBV

FGRVDISSUE

SWSEWAGENB

OPATIENTCD

RCDFILTHBV

Cлова для поиска: nurse, issue, filth, linen, sewage, supplies, patient

Task 7. Underline the right words.

1. The fire brigade was trying to put out/engulf the flame for more than an hour.

2. Old houses in big cities are ignited/demolished.

3. The fire astonished/spread very quickly.

4. He paid/bought dearly for his mistake.

5. The fire died out/commemorated in three days.

6. Extinguishing/demolishing fire is a dangerous task.

Task 8. Find 7 words on the topic “The Great Fire of London”

VCCOLUMNXS

WDCIGNITEM

XSPARKBTRD

EMBERPKHCD

BRORAGEPMN

SENGULFXSP

ASZQKSPREAD

Cлова для поиска: ember, spark, column, spread, engulf, rage, ignite

Task 9.Cross out the wrong word.

Wren’s plan for London

In 1666 Wren’s plan for the reconstruction/demolition of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London was rejected/accepted. Just six days later the Great Fire of London took matters out of Wren’s hands by destroying/constructing the cathedral completely. Within days of the fire Wren presented a plan to Charles for extinguishing/rebuilding the entire city of London along classical lines, with broad/narrow tree-lined avenues cutting through the former warren of twisting streets and alleys. Such a drastic occupation/renovation was not surprisingly rejected, but Wren was appointed/astonished to be one of the architectural commissioners overseeing the rebuilding of the city. In this capacity Wren designed/engulfed and supervised the rebuilding of 51 city churches over the next 46 years. Each church was different, though all were classical in style.

РАЗБОР РЕШЕНИЯ ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОГО ЗАДАНИЯ 5

Task 5. Fill in the table with nouns and verbs.

nouns	verbs

Слова для подстановки в таблицу:

Astonish, wood-built houses, column, extinguish, brick houses, engulf, ember, rage, spread, straw, tomb, oven, commemorate, put out.

Ответы:

nouns	verbs
straw	commemorate
oven	engulf
tomb	extinguish
column	astonish
ember	spread
wood-built houses	rage
brick houses	put out

Задание на сортировку элементов по категориям служит для развития логического мышления, способностей к анализу, проверяет знание лексики по заданной теме. Полезной практической частью является распределение слов по грамматическим категориям существительное/глагол, ведь у многих слов нет даже формальных признаков, по которым можно отнести слово к той или иной части речи.

РАЗБОР РЕШЕНИЯ ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОГО ЗАДАНИЯ 4

Task 4. Choose the right answer.

1. When did the Great Fire of London start?
2. on September 6, 1666
3. on September 2, 1666
4. on September 9, 1666
5. Where did the Great Fire of London begin:

a) in Baker Street

b) In Pie Place

c) in Pudding Lane

3. How long did the fire burn for?

a) 4 days

b) 3 days

c) 2 days

4. Which of these statements is NOT true?

a) London was the biggest city in England at the time of the fire

b) the fire destroyed 80000 houses

c) the fire started in a bakery

5. Who designed the Great Fire of London monument?

a) Sir Christopher Raven

b) Sir Christopher Robin

c) Sir Christopher Wren

6. Which of the these statements is true?

a) the fire melted the chains on the city gates

b) records show that hundreds of people perished in the fire

c) the monument is built on the spot where the fire began.

Задание может служить для предварительного ознакомления с темой урока, проверяя общую эрудицию и исторические знания. В уроке оно необходимо для проверки понимания текста, озвученного диктором.

Ответы:

1. B
2. C
3. А
4. B
5. C
6. C

Лексические единицы, изученные в данном уроке: overcrowded, bone dry, put out, spark, ember, engulf, on fire, extinguish, column, commemorate, astonish, demolish, ignite, rage, spread, die out, pay dearly.

ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ

1. Выполни упражнения 4, стр. 34 (Афанасьева О. В.., Дули Дж. и др. Английский язык. Рабочая тетрадь. 11 класс. – М.: Просвещение, 2017.)

In the Great London Fire of 1666, 3000 houses and 97 churches were destroyed. After the Fire, London was rebuilt, but the new houses were built of stone and brick instead of wood. The streets made wider and open space was left for squares. An opportunity to plan the new city of London was given to Sir Christopher Wren, the famous English architect. More than 50 new churches and a large number of houses were designed by Wren. St. Paul’s Cathedral was designed by Cristopher Wren in the gothic style.
Sir Cristopher Wren was buried here at the age of 91. 

Во время большого пожара в Лондоне в 1666 году, 3000 домов и 97 церквей были уничтожены. После пожара, Лондон был перестроен, но новые дома были построены из камня и кирпича, а не из дерева. Улицы сделаны более широкими и открытое пространство было оставлено для кварталов.Возможность планировать новые города Лондона было дано сэром Кристофером Реном, знаменитым английским архитектором. Более 50 новых церквей и большое количество домов были разработаны Реном. Собор Святого Павла был разработан Кристофером Реном в готическом стиле.
Сэр Кристофер Рен был похоронен здесь, в возрасте 91 года.

When crisis strikes, opportunity knocks, as the improvers of Restoration London knew all too well. In September of 1666, fire waged war on their city, and short-term panic soon gave way to thoughts of future gain. The Great Fire of London burned for five days, spreading with calamitous ease from its humble beginnings in Thomas Farriner’s bakery, Pudding Lane, to the farthest fringes of the walled City. When the flames eventually faltered, they left a charred ruin in their wake. The ashes burned hot underfoot for days and smoke was reported for weeks, even months. Yet, with the medieval fabric of the town razed, an unparalleled chance for urban renewal beckoned.

Seventeenth century engraving showing a view of London during the Great Fire.

London before the Fire was filthy, insalubrious and ramshackle, characterised by a dense web of streets and alleys, organic in their growth and ancient on plan. Buildings jettied out from upper storeys and made caves of winding lanes. Walls were built from flammable plaster and lath; roofs often of thatch.

‘Before the Fire of London, Anno 1666’, Daniel Defoe wrote decades later, remembering the city of his youth, ‘the Buildings looked as if they had been formed to make one general Bonfire’.

Additionally, measures for public sanitation were all but absent, themselves hampered by the layout of the city. In the year before the Fire, London had suffered a dreadful visitation in the form of the Great Plague, which spread rapidly in such unsanitary conditions.

Contemporaries recognised these ailments, they simply lacked the opportunity to fix them.

For some, the devastation of the City presaged its phoenix-like rebirth, and offered a chance to rectify London’s historic urban challenges. Among responses, the post-Fire proposals of Christopher Wren and John Evelyn have become widely known, as have those of Robert Hooke, Valentine Knight and several others. These envisaged a new London in the mould of a rationally-planned or Baroque European capital after the Paris of Henri IV or Sixtus V’s Rome. Grand avenues and rond-points, the canalisation of the Fleet River, and the construction of a quay alongside the Thames all featured among ideas. Although a number of the virtuosi who produced these plans had the ear of the king, Charles II, their visions failed to have any serious effect on post-Fire urban planning in London.

Captain Valentine Knight’s scheme for the Rebuilding of London, 1666.

And yet, the City did rise again, and for contemporaries, it was felt to have done so in a more orderly and healthier manner. As part of this, appraisals of post-Fire London often braided political splendour and diffuse material improvement together. Naturally, puff played its part. However, by most accounts, a sincere awareness of the opportunities for urban improvement provided by the Fire was widespread.

The 1667 and 1670 Rebuilding Acts enshrined a series of procedures which acted on this sentiment. As a measure against the incidence of large fires, new buildings were to be built in brick or stone, with the use of flammable materials restricted. To halt the spread of flames, jettying upper storeys or protruding signs were banned and party walls mandated. Four distinct classes of building type were described in the legislation too, determined by their proximity to large thoroughfares and newly-widened streets, standardizing the dimensions as well as the materials of the rebuilt City.

In addition to laying the foundations for an urban architectural vernacular which, through the actions of developers like Nicholas Barbon, informed the design of the now ubiquitous London townhouse, these measures had a demonstrable effect on perceptions of cleanliness and metropolitan health. Indeed, for a number late seventeenth- and eighteenth-century observers, the rebuilding of London amounted to an experiment in early modern sanitation.

This was understood according to contemporary standards of public health and medicine. In an offshoot of miasmatic theories, for example, wider streets were felt to ease the passage and so dispel the effects of ‘bad air’ caused by filth, disease, and atmospheric pollution. ‘[S]ince the Enlargement of the Streets, and modern Way of Building’, one mid-eighteenth-century writer explained, ‘by the Re-edifying of London there is such a free Circulation of sweet Air thro’ the Streets, that offensive Vapours are expelled, and the City free from all pestilential Symptoms for these eighty-nine Years’.

Engraved reproduction of Wren’s post-Fire plan by William Alfred Delamotte, 1800

As this quote suggests, the Fire was also thought to have cleansed London of plague, of which there were no more substantial outbreaks in England after 1665. Whether by purging the ‘seeds’ of the disease from the soil or purifying miasmatic air, the reasons given by contemporaries to this seemingly miraculous development were invariably misplaced. In addition to developing resistance to the vectors of plague among rodents, the more likely causes for its decrease, however, involved the sequestration of these same rats and their fleas from human populations by providing secure, salubrious dwellings. The epidemic and epizootic dimensions of its disappearance in London were therefore related to, if not grounded in, the material aspects of the post-Fire response.

While it would be wrong to overstate the impact of the post-Fire drive for urban improvement, it would be worse to discount its incidence. In the course of the next century, building legislation expanded on the effects of these early measures, with the 1709 and 1774 London Building Acts especially contributing to a widespread standardisation of design and building methods pioneered in 1667.

This influenced practices throughout Britain, as well as establishing a new metropolitan urban aesthetic. Central to this story of urban renewal were those measures impacting public health. A reborn London was a healthier London – at least in theory. The story of the City’s improvement would unfold across the next two and a half centuries, right down to the present day. If the big smoke is any cleaner today than it was the day before, we owe it at least in part to a few licks of flame from a baker’s oven.

Jake Bransgrove is an independent scholar specialising in British cultural history, with a focus on the architecture of London. He holds degrees from the University of Auckland, New Zealand and The Courtauld Institute of Art.