Adverbs of time word order

Table Of Contents:

• Adverbial phrases of time
• Time
• Duration
• Adverbial phrases of frequency
• Order of adverbs of time

An adverbial phrase is one or more words that modify the verb in a sentence. Adverbs and phrases of time and frequency tell us when, how often and how long something happens.

Time

These phrases can tell us when. They usually come at the end of the sentence:

– in 1995
– this week/month/year
– next week/month/year
– last week/month/year
– ten years ago
– today, yesterday, tomorrow
etc.

• She was born in 1980.
• We arrived in the UK last week.
• He left China ten days ago.
• They are getting married this month.
• She’s going to start university next year.
• I went to the cinema yesterday.

Adverbs that tell us when can be placed at the beginning of the sentence to emphasize the time element.

• Yesterday policemen arrested a man and a woman in connection with the murder.
• Later the kid ate some porridge.

Duration

These phrases can tell us how long. These are phrases with the prepositions ‘for‘ and ‘since‘.

We use:

for + period of time

– for two years
– for six months
– for two weeks
– for five minutes

since + point in time

– since 2015
– since last September
– since yesterday
– since 10.00

They usually come at the end of the sentence:

• She has been studying maths for two years.
• We have known each other for six months.
• I have been working here since 2015.
• They have been in England since last September.

We often use ‘for’ and ‘since’ with the Present Perfect.

• I’ve been reading for two hours.

We can also use ‘for’ with other tenses:

• My uncle was in the army for thirty years.

Adverbial phrases of frequency

Like adverbs of frequency, we use these phrases to say how often we do something.

Here are some adverbial phases that express frequency. All of them usually go at the end and sometimes at the beginning of the sentence but not in the middle.

• every day/year/month…
• once a month/ a week/ a day …
• twice a year / a week / a month …
• four times a day / a month/ a week …
• once in a while …
• every now and again …
• from time to time …
• on Sundays …

• I go to the movies once in a while.
• She drinks coffee every now and again.
• From time to time I visit my grandmother.
• We have breakfast every day.
• She goes to the cinema on Tuesdays.
• She goes to the cinema once a week.

Order of adverbs of time

If you need to use more than one adverb of time in a sentence, use them in this order:

1. how long 2. how often 3. when

• 1 + 2: I work (1) for five hours (2) every day.
• 2 + 3: The magazine will be published (2) weekly (3) next year.
• 1 + 3: I’ve been in China (1) for two months (3) this year.
• 1 + 2 + 3: She worked in a hospital (1) for three days (2) every week (3) last year.

Watch this video from My English Web to see the examples of these adverbial phrases in use:

See also:

Position of Adverbs in a Sentence

Adverbs of Frequency

What you will learn:

• What are adverbs of time?
• How do we use them?
• 35 adverbs of time: A-Z list with examples
• Adverbs of time: exercises

What are adverbs of time?

We use adverbs of time to give information about when something happens. Adverbs of time can tell us about how often, how long or the time period when something occurs.

1.Frequency (how often?)

Some adverbs of time give us information about how often something happens. The adverbs in this group include: hourly, daily, weekly and monthly. They tell us that something happens ‘every day’ (daily) or ‘every month’ (monthly). These adverbs can also function as adjectives.

When used as an adverb the most common sentence position is after the verb. When used as an adjective, words like ‘daily’ appear before a noun. Compare the two examples below:

Adjective (describes the noun)	Adverb (describes the verb)
My hourly rate is fifteen pounds.	As a babysitter, I am paid hourly.

2. Relationships in time

This group of adverbs is used to compare periods of time. They allow the speaker to compare time periods or to clarify when something happened. Adverbs like previously, lately, earlier, recently and before give more information about when an action happened.

3. Points of time

These adverbs fix events in time. They include adverbs such as tonight and tomorrow. They allow the speaker to give specific information about when something happened. They may include adverb phrases, such as: the day before yesterday.

4. Now and then

These two adverbs are commonly used and have many different functions in a sentence. Now suggests that we are doing something at this moment. We tend to think of then as referring to the past, but it can also refer to the future, depending on the context. It just means ‘at that time’. Compare these two examples:

I lived in Germany then. (past)
I’ll be living in Germany then. (future)

6. Past, present and future

Adverbs of time can also show us whether the action is happening in the past, present or future.

Past	Present	Future
Yesterday, last year, just, before, previously, recently	Still, today, now	Tomorrow, soon, next week, later

But, be careful! The use of adverbs of time depends on context, so some of these adverbs can refer to the past, present or future. For example, we think of the word today as referring to the present, but it can also refer to the past or the future. Compare the following sentences:

I am feeling happy today. (present)
I bought lots of books at the shop today. (past)
I’m going to see my friend Sally today. (future)

7. Adverbials of time

An adverbial of time is a phrase that functions in the same way as an adverb of time. It gives more information about the verb. Some examples are:

I lived in France for a year.
I have lived in London since 2001.
 

How do we use them?

1. Sentence position

Adverbs of time usually occur at the end of a clause. They appear after the main verb.

Subject + main verb + adverb of time
e.g. I went swimming today.

The position of the adverb does not change in a negative sentence:

Subject + main verb + adverb of time
e.g. I didn’t swim today.

Adverbs of time can also be placed after the object.

Subject + main verb + object + adverb of time
e.g. I haven’t read the book yet.

An adverb of time cannot be put between a verb and its direct object. So we cannot say:

 I haven’t read yet the book. (wrong!)

Adverbs of time can appear at the beginning of the sentence to emphasise when something happened.

Adverb of time + Subject + main verb + object
E.g. Eventually, I arrived at the hotel.
E.g. Today, I am going to finish my essay!

Only a few adverbs of time from this list can appear before the verb. Adverbs that can appear in this position include: recently, finally, eventually and previously.

Subject + Adverb of time + main verb + object
E.g. Andrew eventually arrived at the station.

2. Word order: How long? How often? When?

Adverbs of time can express how often something happened, when and for how long. To make a sentence with more than one time adverb, follow the order: How long? How often? When?

	How long?	How often?	When?
I take/took my dog for a walk	for an hour	daily	last year
I go/went on holiday	for a week	Four times	every year
I work(ed) online	for five hours	Every week	last year

Example i. How long? How often?

• I take my dog for a walk for an hour each day.

Example ii. How long? When?

• I go on holiday for a week every year.

Example iii. How long? How often? When?

• I worked online for five hours every week last year.

Example iv. How often? When?

• I go on holiday four times every year.

3. Word order with more than one adverb

In a sentence with adverbs of time AND place, the adverb of place appears before the adverb of time:

e.g. I went out yesterday.
e.g. I’m staying indoors tomorrow.

4. Later

The adverb later can appear in three different sentence positions: at the beginning of the sentence, at the end of the sentence, or before the verb. Compare the examples below:

• Later, I went to the cinema.
• I went to the cinema later.
• I later went to the cinema.

In the final sentence, positioning the adverb before the verb adds more formality. This sentence position is used to report something that has happened. We often find it in stories or official reports, e.g. She later remembered that she had seen the man approaching the bank.
 

35 Adverbs of degree: A-Z list with examples

Ago
I lived in France a long time ago.
He gave up smoking ages ago.

Already
Where is the cake? Oh, I have already eaten it!
Have you finished your coffee already?

Annually
She renews her house insurance annually.
Are you going to get a pay rise? I’m not sure. My pay is reviewed annually.

Before
Who is that? I don’t know. I have never seen him before!
Yes, I have told you that before!

Daily (every day)
I take a vitamin pill daily.
The milkman delivers milk every day.

Early
They got seats on the train because they arrived early.
He always gets up early.

Eventually
She found her purse eventually.
Eventually, the cat climbed down from the tree.

Put an adverb of time at the beginning of the sentence when you want to emphasise when something happened, e.g. Finally, I understand how adverbs work! This adds more emotion to the sentence.

Finally
He finally passed his driving test.
Finally, I would like to thank my mother and father.

First
First, he started running as a hobby, but then he decided to enter a race.
He arrived at the party first.

Formerly
That hotel was formerly a school.
I formerly wrote to you regarding my complaint.

The adverb formerly has a similar meaning to previously. It describes a situation that was different in the past. This word is not used much in spoken English. It is mainly used in printed texts, such as newspaper reports.

Fortnightly (every 2 weeks)
She visits her grandmother fortnightly.
The finance department met fortnightly to set budgets.

Hourly
The London Ghost Tour sets off from here hourly.
When her mother was ill, she checked her temperature hourly.

Just
I’ve just remembered where I put the key!
Why are you so late? Sorry, I have just walked back from the station.

Last
When did you see her last?
I last saw Helen in the summer.

Late
I planned the trip carefully, but I still arrived late.
The shops are open late on Fridays!

Lately
I haven’t slept well lately.
Have you read any good books lately?

Long
I’m going to the shop. I won’t be long.
I’ll be with you in a moment. Sorry this is taking so long.

Monthly
Most office workers are paid monthly.
My mother has her windows cleaned monthly.

Next
I’d like to visit Italy next.
When I next saw her, she was driving a red car.

Nightly
The security guard has to organise a patrol around the site nightly.
She has to take a sleeping pill nightly.

No longer / not any longer
She no longer believes in the tooth fairy.
He doesn’t live with his mum any longer.

Now­­­­­­­­­
I think I’d like to go home now.
She now realised why the door was locked.
Now, let’s see if we can find your missing hat!
The examination has finished. Please, stop writing now.

 Previously
I previously worked as a receptionist.
Previously, she lived in a small house on the other side of town.                         

Recently
I have recently moved to the neighbourhood.
What have you been doing recently?

Quarterly (4 times a year)
My favourite magazine is published quarterly.
The company publishes its financial results quarterly?

Since
I had an argument with Steven and I haven’t seen him since!
Jan moved to Edinburgh in 2000 and she has lived there ever since.

Soon
I hope we will be able to meet up again soon.
How soon can you fix my car?

The adverbs that tell us the number of times an action happens, such as daily, weekly and annually can also be used as adjectives (e.g. a daily routine). An adjective occurs before a noun, whereas these adverbs of time usually go at the end of a clause.

Still
Oh! You have still got that old car!
I can still remember my first day at school.

Then
If you wait until the summer, the weather will be better then.
Just then, there was a loud knock at the door.

Today
I saw my friend Sheila today.
Today, there are a lot of social problems in our big cities.

Tomorrow
I will do my homework tomorrow. Honestly!
Tomorrow, I’ll pick you up after work.

Tonight
Let’s go out tonight!
I really enjoyed the party tonight.

Yearly
She meets up with her school friends yearly.
The interest is added to my bank account yearly.

Yesterday
Mum and Dad went on holiday yesterday.
Yesterday, there was a huge crowd in town.

The adverb yet is only used in negative sentences and questions. It refers to something which has not happened or we think has not happened. Use it to ask questions: Have you finished with that book yet?

Yet
I haven’t done my university application yet.
The application has not yet been received.
 

Judith P.
— ESL Tutor.

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ADVERBS OF TIME MEANING POSITION EXAMPLES Always refers to a frequency (time) of an action that is 100 percent After the subject • She always carries a water bottle.

• I always tell the truth.

Usually refers to a frequency (time) of an action that is close to 90 percent 1. After the subject (common)
2. At the end of the sentence • My teacher usually has fun while teaching.

• Ron doesn’t drink usually.

Frequently/Often refers to a frequency (time) of an action that is close to 75-80 percent 1. After the subject (common)
2. At the end of the sentence • Jon frequently comes to the school and meets the kids.

• She doesn’t swear often.

Sometimes refers to a frequency (time) of an action that is close to 40 percent 1. After the subject (common)
2. At the end of the sentence
3. Beginning of the sentence • He sometimes acts strangely.

• Sometimes, I feel like becoming a monk.

• Jon follows my orders sometimes.

Occasionally refers to a frequency (time) of an action that is close to 30 percent 1. After the subject
2. At the end of the sentence (common)
3. Beginning of the sentence • We occasionally wear this dress.

• They went out on a date occasionally.

• Occasionally, he would bring us pancakes.

Rarely refers to a frequency (time) of an action that is close to 20 percent 1. After the subject (common)
2. Beginning of the sentence • She rarely attended computer classes.

• Rarely do I listen to English music.

Seldom refers to a frequency (time) of an action that is close to 10 percent 1. After the subject • He seldom took us to movies.

• The teachers seldom talk about mental health.

Hardly ever refers to a frequency (time) of an action that is close to 5 percent 1. After the subject • Alex hardly ever joined the meetings.

• He hardly ever gives tips to waiters.

Never refers to a frequency (time) of an action that is zero percent 1. After the subject (common)
2. Beginning of the sentence • You should never give up on your goals.

• Never did we enjoy being at his place.

Today refers to the present day (does not indicate a specific time of the day though) 1. After the object/modifier (common)
2. Beginning of the sentence • I bought a cat today.

• Today, she feels sick.

Yesterday refers to the previous day 1. After the object/modifier (common)
2. Beginning of the sentence • The kid lost his bag yesterday.

• Yesterday, we celebrated Jon’s birthday.

Now refers to the present time 1. After the object/modifier (common)
2. Beginning of the sentence • I am coming to see you now.

• Now I understand what you are going through.

Then Refers to a past time that both the speaker and the listener know about After the object/modifier (common) • He was taking a class then. Soon Refers to a future time that’s close to the present After the object/modifier • The classes will be starting soon.

• The HR will call you soon. Be ready and available!

Tonight Refers to the night of the present day 1. After the object/modifier (common)
2. Beginning of the sentence • We are playing video games videos.

• Tonight, the Prime Minister will address the citizens.

Later Refers to an unspecific future time After the object/modifier • We will do it later. Yet Used in a negative sentence and refers to the present time After the object/modifier • I have not received my salary yet.

• Joe hasn’t arrived yet.

Daily done on a daily basis At the end of a sentence (after the object or modifier) • I meditate daily.

• He will call you daily to check on you.

Weekly done once a week At the end of a sentence (after the object or modifier) • They pay him weekly.

• We will be coming here weekly.

Fortnightly done every two weeks At the end of a sentence (after the object or modifier) • The students at the hostel pay for the food fortnightly.

• The group is called fortnightly for a meeting.

Hourly done once an hour At the end of a sentence (after the object or modifier) • Some people are paid hourly. Monthly done once a month At the end of a sentence (after the object or modifier) • The teachers are told to check the papers monthly. Quarterly done once every three months At the end of a sentence (after the object or modifier) • The taxes are recorded quarterly. Yearly done once a year At the end of a sentence (after the object or modifier) • The parade at the ground happens yearly. Regularly done at a regular interval (equal amount of time space between two events) 1. After the object/modifier (common)
2. After the subject • We meet regularly to prepare for the exams and help each other.

• He regularly colors his hair.

Earlier happening or done before the usual or expected time At the end of a sentence (after the object or modifier) • She won’t come earlier; she never does.

• I created the application earlier than my friends.

• The cops had come earlier too.

Before refers to a time earlier than the other time or the present time At the end of a sentence (after the object or modifier) • I should have informed you before.

• If we had known him before, he would have been on our team.

Early before/earlier than the time that was expected At the end of a sentence (after the verb, the object, or the modifier) • We arrived early at the party.

• His part in the film came quite early.

Already to focus on the focus that something (action) was completed before something else (action) 1. After the object/modifier
2. After the subject or the helping verb (common) • The train had left already when we reached the station.

• We have already finished the assignment.

Eventually at the end of a period or process (unknown though) 1. After the object/modifier (common)
2. After the subject or the helping verb • Keep up the good work; you will get the position eventually.

• He will eventually understand his mistakes.

Finally after a long time (uncertain) 1. After the subject
2. Beginning of the sentence • Ron finally got married to Annie.

• He finally got a teaching job.

• Finally, he has left the job.

Later refers to a future time (uncertain) At the end of a sentence (after the object or the modifier) • They asked us to come later.

• We can eat later. Let’s call him first.

Lately Recently, a time in the past which is close to the present At the end of a sentence (after the verb, the object or the modifier) • He has been acting strange lately.

• Virat hasn’t been scoring runs lately.

Recently lately, refers to a time that is close to the present 1. After the subject
2. At the end of the sentence (common)
3. Beginning of the sentence • My parents recently discovered my job.

• Recently, Jane had surgery on her.

• Recently, you have been spending a lot of money.

Yet until the present time At the end of a sentence (after the object or the modifier) • She hasn’t come home yet.

• We haven’t boarded the train yet.

Just a time extremely close to the present time (a short time ago) After the subject or the helping verb • Your father has just called me.

• Simran just broke up with me.

• I have just started teaching.

Next right after something else At the end of a sentence (after the object or the modifier) • What are they doing next?

• We will open the box next.

Still used for saying that an action or a situation continues to exist up to a particular time, especially when it seems surprising After the subject or the helping verb • I am still working on my project.

• Jon was still eating lunch when the class started.

Данная статья посвящена наречиям английского языка. Эта тема раскрывает все вопросы, которые могут интересовать человека, изучающего грамматические правила. Мы узнаем, как образовать наречия, сравним их с прилагательными, а также где они стоят в предложении. Кроме этого, пополним словарный запас некоторыми выражениями и научимся работать с degrees of comparison of adverbs. И конечно же, всегда после материла, вы сможете проверить знания на пройденную тему.

Статьи, которые могут быть полезными:

1. Исчисляемые и неисчисляемые существительные.
2. Притяжательный падеж и устойчивые фразы.
3. Подробная таблица времен.
4. Too and enough
5. Степень сравнения прилагательных.

Что такое наречия в английском языке?

Наречия (adverbs) обычно описывают или определяют глаголы, прилагательные, другие наречия или целое предложение.

• Например, the adverbs в следующих предложениях выделены жирным и слова, которые они определяют подчеркнуты:

– I often visit the library. – Я часто посещаю библиотеку.
– It is surprisingly cold today. – Сегодня на удивление холодно.

В первом предложении наречие often определяет глагол visit. Во втором, слово surprisingly описывает прилагательное cold.

• Слова, которые используются для описания наречий, также могут относиться к adverbs:

– My cat eats very slowly. – Мой кот ест очень медленно.

В этом предложении наречие very определяет наречие slowly.

Образование наречий в английском языке

Многие наречия связаны с прилагательными, с помощью словообразования:

[Adjective + суффикс ly = Adverb]

• Cheap – cheaply – дешевый – дешево.
• Slow – slowly – медленный – медленно.
• Quick – quickly – быстрый – быстро.

Правила правописания

• Прилагательные, которые заканчиваются на -ic добавляем -ally:

• Tragic – tragically – трагический – трагически.
• Realistic – realistically – реалистичный – реалистично.
• Ironic – ironically – иронический – иронично.

BUT: public – publicly – публичный – публично.

• Прилагательные, которые заканчиваются на –le нужно изменить “e” на “y”:

• Horrible – horribly – ужасный – ужасно.
• Noble – nobly – благородный – благородно.
• Simple – simply – простой – просто.

• Прилагательные, заканчивающиеся на согласную + -y, мы убираем “y” и добавляем –ily:

• Happy – happily – счастливый – счастливо.
• Easy – easily – легкий – легко.
• Crazy – crazily – сумасшедший – безумно.

• Прилагательные, которые заканчиваются на -e образуют наречие с добавлением -ly не опуская букву ‘e’:

• Rare – rarely – редкий – редко.
• Polite – politely – вежливый – вежливо.

• Ну как обычно существуют исключения:

• True – truly
• Whole – wholly
• Due – dully
• Full – fully

[qsm quiz=59]

Прилагательные на суффикс -ly

Есть ряд прилагательных, заканчивающихся на -ly, которые не имеют соответствующих наречий. Такие adjectives, происходят от существительных, обозначающие:

• People:

• 1) Man – мужчина = manly – мужественный, сильный.
  Example:
  – A deep, manly voice.
• 2) King – король = kingly – королевский.

• Family and personal relations:

• 1) Father – отец = fatherly – отцовский.
• 2) Brother = brotherly; friend = friendly.

• И другие:

Lovely – прекрасный.
Lonely – одинокий.
Silly – глупый.
Ugly – уродливый.
Lively – живой.

• Образуют наречие с помощью конструкции [in a Adj way] или [in a Adj manner]:

– They treated me in a friendly way. – Они относились ко мне по-дружески/дружелюбно.

Запомните следующие словосочетания:

in a soldierly way	по-воинские
in a sickly way	болезненно
in a silly way	глупо
in a manly way	по-мужски
in a womanly way	по-женски
in a cowardly way	трусливым образом
in a lively way	живо
in a lovely way	в прекрасной манере
in a motherly way	по-матерински
in a fatherly way	по-отцовски
in a brotherly way	по-братски
in a sisterly way	по-сестрински
in a kingly way	по-королевски

Наречия и прилагательные с одинаковой формой

Существует ряд adjectives / adverbs, которые имеют неизменную форму. Таким образом, это зависит от контекста, является ли слово прилагательным или наречием: Fast, hard, early, late, high, low, right, wrong, straight, daily, monthly and long etc.

• This is hard exercise. – Это упражнение сложное.
• She works hard. – Она работает усердно.
• I saw many high buildings. – Я видела много высоких зданий.
• The plane flew high in the sky. – Самолет летел высоко в небе.

Сравните:

• Walk slow! (Informal English).
• Walk slowly! (Formal English).

Good vs. Well

• Good – прилагательное.
• Well – наречие.

Examples:

• He is a good writer. – Он хороший писатель.
• He writes well. – Он пишет хорошо.

• Иногда well используется как прилагательное, когда говорится о здоровье (health):

• You’re not looking too well. Are you okay? – Ты не очень хорошо выглядишь. Ты в порядке?

Note:

После глаголов look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem мы используем прилагательное, а не наречие:

• She looks nice /bad /pale/strange.
• It smells sweet /horrible/bad.

Наречия с двумя формами и разными значениями

Некоторые наречия имеют две формы. Первая, которая заканчивается на -ly,
вторая форма остается без изменений: clean(ly), clear(ly) etc.
Эти пары наречий обычно имеют разные значения.

Сравните:

Close or closely?

Close = near (близкий, расположенный недалеко).

– We live close to the church. – Мы живем рядом с церковью.

Closely = carefully (внимательно).

– I was watching the game closely. – Я внимательно следил за игрой.

Второе значение – тесно, близко:

– The two languages are closely related. – Два языка тесно связаны.

Dead or deadly?

Dead = suddenly and completely

– The snow stopped dead. – Снег внезапно остановился.

Deadly = very

– She is deadly serious. – Она очень серьезная.

Deep or deeply?

Deep = a long way down

– I dug deep into the ground. – Я копнул глубоко в землю.

Deeply = very

– I was deeply offended. – Я был очень оскорблен.

Free or freely?

Free = without payment

– Children travel free on buses. – Дети путешествуют бесплатно на автобусах.

Freely = willingly

– She spoke freely about her past. – Она открыто говорила о своем прошлом.

Hard or hardly?

Hard = with a lot of effort

– She worked really hard and passed her exams. – Она усердно работала и сдала экзамены.

Hardly = scarcely/only just

– The telephone line was so bad, I could hardly hear what he was saying. –Телефонная линяя была настолько плохой, что я едва слышал, что он говорил.

High or highly?

High = to/at a high level

– He kicked the ball high over the goal. – Он пнул мяч высоко над воротами.

Highly = very much а также to think/speak highly of something, somebody

– My father is a highly respected dentist. – Мой отец очень уважаемый стоматолог.
– Everyone thinks highly of her behaviour. – Все высоко ценят ее поведение.

Last or Lastly?

Last = after all others

– She got here last. – Она пришла сюда последней.

Lastly = finally

– And lastly, I would like to thank everyone who helped me to open the restaurant. – И наконец, я хочу поблагодарить всех, кто помогал мне открыть ресторан.

Direct or directly?

Direct = without stopping

– ‘Do I have to change trains in Manchester?’ ‘No, you can go direct. – Нужно ли мне пересаживаться на другой поезд в Манчестере? – Нет, можете ехать без пересадок.

Directly = very soon

– I’ll be with him directly. – Я скоро буду вместе с ним.

Late or lately?

Late = after the arranged time

– I stayed up late to watch my favourite film with my boyfriend. – Я задержалась допоздна, чтобы посмотреть мой любимый фильм с моим парнем.

Lately = recently

– I’ve been feeling very well lately. – В последнее время я чувствую себя очень хорошо.

Near or nearly

Near = close

– They live near the university. – Они живут рядом с университетом.

Nearly = almost

– You nearly crashed into the cyclist. – Ты чуть не врезался в велосипедиста.

Pretty or prettily?

Pretty = quite

– I’m pretty sure they’ll accept your invitation. – Я вполне уверен, что они примут твое приглашение.

Prettily = in an attractive way

– She danced prettily. – Она танцевала красиво.

Sharp or sharply?

Sharp = exactly

– The game starts at 5 o’clock sharp. – Игра начинается ровно в пять часов.

Sharply = suddenly and angrily

– ‘Don’t talk to me like that,’ she said sharply – «Не разговаривай со мной так»: она сказала резко.

Short or shortly?

Short = suddenly. Полная фраза stop short (остановиться внезапно или неожиданно)

– I was about to tell the truth but a thought stopped me short. – Я собирался сказать правду, но мысль внезапно остановила меня.
– Cut something short – преждевременно прерывать что-либо:
– He had to cut his speech short when the fire alarm went off. – Ему пришлось прервать свою речь, когда зазвонила пожарная тревога.

Shortly = soon

– Professor will be here shortly. – Профессор скоро будет здесь.

Wide or widely?

Wide = completely also far away from the right point = мимо цели.

– The window was wide opened. – Окно было широко распахнуто.

Widely = to a large extent

– I travel widely in Europe. – Я путешествую много по Европе.

Easy or easily?

Easy = remain calm

– Take it easy, darling. – Успокойся, дорогая.
– Easy does it – Тише едешь, дальше будешь.

Easily = with no difficulty / without doubt / possibly.

– I make friends easily. – Я легко завожу друзей.
– It is easily the best film I’ve seen. – Это, без сомнения, лучший фильм, который я видел.
– This could easily be the answer to your question. – Это может быть ответом на твой вопрос.

Степени сравнения наречий в английском языке

Следует отметить, что многие наречия, такие как sometimes, never, here, there, now, then, first, again, yesterday и daily не образуют сравнительную и превосходную формы.

Наречия, которые используются с окончаниями -er и -est

Наречия также имеют те же сравнительные и превосходные степени, что и прилагательные.

Положительная форма или Positive form	Сравнительная форма Comparative form	Превосходная форма Superlative form
long	longer	(the) longest
near	nearer	(the) nearest
straight	straighter	(the) straightest

Наречия с more и most

Двухсложные или сложные наречия образуются с помощью слов more/most.

Положительная форма или Positive form	Сравнительная форма Comparative form	Превосходная форма Superlative form
carefully	more carefully	(the) most carefully
easily	more easily	(the) most easily
softly	more softly	(the) most softly

Irregular Adverbs/Наречия исключения в английском языке

Неправильные наречия имеют такие же формы, что и неправильные прилагательные.

Positive form	Comparative form	Superlative form
badly	worse	worst
far	farther  or further	farthest or furthest
little	less	least
much	more	most
well	better	best

• Примеры со словом badly:

• We played badly in the first half. – Мы плохо играли в первом тайме.
• She was treated much worse than I was. – С ней обращались гораздо хуже, чем со мной.
• The worst affected area. – Наихудший район.

• Примеры со словом far:

• How far is it to the department store? – Как далеко до универмага?
• In the summer the herds move farther north. – Летом стада уходят дальше на север.
• The dogs walked to the farthest edge of the garden. – Собаки подошли к дальнему краю сада.

Место наречия в английском предложении. Order of Adverbs

Наречия обычно стоят после глагола в конце предложения. Однако их можно ставить в начале или середине. Факторы, определяющие этот выбор, могут быть:

– акцент, который говорящий хотел бы сделать;
– ритм предложения;
– сложность предложения с несколькими дополнениями.

• Front position – Начальная позиция.
• Mid position – Средняя позиция. Перед смысловым глаголом или после вспомогательного глагола.
• End position – В конце предложения.

Пример:

Front	Mid	End
Obviously	they will never	see her again.

Рассмотрим таблицу видов наречий в английском языке

Adverb of manner – наречия образа действия.	Adverb of manner отвечает на вопрос How? Как?	carefully, fast, easily, loudly, well, quickly etc.
Adverbs of place – наречия места.	Where? – где?	here, there, near, away, off, up, in the park etc.
Adverbs of time – наречия времени	When? – Когда?	now, today, tomorrow, then, lately etc.
Adverbs of degree – наречия степени	How much/to what extent? – Сколько? Насколько?/До какой степени?	only, wholly, hardly, far etc.
Adverbs of frequency – наречия частоты	How often? – как часто?	always, ever, never, often, usually etc.
Relative adverbs – относительные наречия.	where, why.	where, why.
Sentence adverbs –  сентенциальное наречие	certainly, probably, possibly etc.	clearly, perhaps.

Разберем каждый тип отдельно.

Adverbs of frequency – наречия частоты

Мы используем некоторые adverbs, чтобы описать, как часто мы что-то делаем.

Частота	Пример
100% – always – всегда	I always brush my teeth at night.
90% – usually – обычно	I usually walk to work.
80% – normally/generally – обычно	I normally get good marks.
70% – often/frequently – часто	I often read books.
50% – sometimes – иногда	I sometimes forget my friend’s birthday.
30% -occasionally – изредка, иногда.	I occasionally drink fizzy water.
10% seldom – редко	I seldom add sugar to my tea.
5% rarely/hardly ever – очень редко	I rarely drink beer.
0% never – никогда	I never swim in the river.

Note:

• Слово often произносится по-разному:

• [ɔfn] –без буквы ‘t’
• [ɔft ən] – с буквой ‘t’

Наречия частоты употребляются перед смысловым глаголом

Subject + adverb + main verb (подлежащее + наречие + смысловой глагол)

He always wants to drink coffee. – Он вечно хочет пить кофе.

I often read in bed at night. – Я часто читаю в постели по ночам.

• Наречие частоты употребляется после глагола to be

Subject + to be + adverb (подлежащее + глагол to be + наречие)

I am normally busy at work. – Я обычно занят на работе.

He is always late. – Он всегда опаздывает.

Когда мы используем вспомогательный глагол (auxiliary verb): has, would / will, should, can, etc., то затем следует наречие и смысловой глагол.

Subject + Auxiliary verb + Adverb + Main Verb (подлежащее + вспомогательный глагол + наречие + смысловой глагол)

I have always lived in Italy. – Я всегда жила в Италии.

I can sometimes beat you in a race. – Иногда я могу победить тебя в гонке.

• Наречия частоты могут также употребляться в начале или в конце предложения, когда хотим что-то выделить или подчеркнуть:

• Sometimes I get up early. – Иногда я встаю рано.
• They only meet occasionally. – Они встречаются лишь изредка.

• Но в начале предложения не могут стоять следующие слова:

Always, seldom, rarely, hardly, ever, never

*Always или Never могут использоваться в начале предложения в повелительном наклонении.

• hardly ever и never употребляются с глаголом в утвердительной форме:

• You never say “thank you”. – Ты никогда не говоришь «спасибо».

• Ever употребляется в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях:

• Have you ever seen a dolphin? – Ты когда-нибудь видел дельфина?
• I haven’t ever been to Paris. – Я никогда не был в Париже.

• Выражение Used to и модальный глагол have to стоят после наречий частотности:

• You always have to remind them to take of their shoes. – Ты всегда должен напоминать им снимать обувь.

Expressions

А также можно использовать следующие выражения, если хотим быть более конкретными в отношении частотности:

• every day –каждый день;
• once a month – один раз в месяц;
• twice a year – дважды в год;
• four times a day – четыре раза в день;
• daily – ежедневно;
• monthly – ежемесячно;
• weekly – еженедельно;
• annually/every year – ежегодно/каждый год.

I pay for my flat every month = monthly –Я плачу за квартиру каждый месяц.

• I call her daily to make sure she is fine. – Я звоню ей ежедневно, чтобы убедиться, что она в порядке.

Adverbs of time – наречия времени

Adverbs of time отвечает на вопрос When? Когда?

Yesterday, now, later, sooner etc.

Наречия времени могут занимать начальную (если нужно поставить акцент на время) или конечную позицию в предложении.

Пример:

• I will go to the post office tomorrow. – Завтра я пойду на почту.
• Today I will go to the library. – Сегодня я пойду в библиотеку.

Следующие короткие наречия ставятся в середине предложения: Soon, now, then, still, once.

• It is now time to leave. – Пора уходить.

Но также они могут стоять и в других местах:

• Now it’s time to leave.
• It’s time to leave now.

Обратите внимание, что слово sometimes (иногда) относится к типу частотности. Sometime (как-нибудь, когда-нибудь) – наречие времени.

• You must come over and visit me sometime. – Вы должны как-нибудь навестить меня.
• Sometimes I feel like no one understands me. – Иногда мне кажется, что меня никто не понимает.

Adverbs of place – наречия места

Наречия места показывают нам местоположение действия. Они отвечают на следующий вопрос: Where? Где? Home, abroad, around, inside etc.

Наречия места часто ставится после смыслового глагола или в конце предложения.

• После смыслового глагола (main verb):

• She ran home. – Она побежала домой.
• She ran everywhere with her dad. – Она бегала повсюду со своим отцом.

В конце предложения:

• She ran with her dad everywhere.

• Here и there также наречия времени:

• The summer is here. – Лето здесь.
• Take a sit over there. – Присядьте вон там.

• Here и there могут стоять в начале предложения, чтобы сделать акцент:

Если подлежащее является существительным, за here и there следует глагол:

• Here is the summer!
• Here is my brother!
• There went my dog!

Если подлежащее является местоимение, за here и there следует местоимение:

• Here she is!
• Here it is!
• There it is!
• There they are!

Adverbs of degree – наречия меры и степени

Наречия степени отвечает на вопрос How much? To what extent? Сколько? Насколько? /До какой степени?

К наречиям степени относятся такие слова:

Absolutely	совершенно
Just	просто, всего лишь, только
Completely	совершенно
Totally	полностью
Very	очень
Extremely	чрезвычайно
A lot	много
Terribly	ужасно, очень
Really	очень
Much	часто, очень
Awfully	ужасно
Quite	довольно
Pretty	достаточно
Rather	довольно, до некоторой степени
A little/a bit	немного, недостаточно
Enough	достаточно
Too	слишком
Slightly	немного, слегка

Для более детального перевода слов обратитесь к словарю. Так как слова могут иметь разное значение в зависимости от контекста.

Наречия степени обычно ставятся

Перед прилагательным или наречием, которые их определяют:

• He is quite good at Spanish. – Он неплохо владеет испанским языком.
• I am extremely tired. – я очень устала.

Большинство этих наречий могут также стоять перед смысловым глаголом или после вспомогательного глагола.

• I rather like this shirt. – Мне нравится эта рубашка.
• I can’t quite get it. – Я не совсем понимаю это.

Наречия: a lot, totally, completely, absolutely, terribly, awfully, a bit, a little and much могут стоять в середине или в конце предложения.

• The plane was delayed a little. Или The plane was a little delayed.
• The storm completely destroyed the city. Или The storm destroyed the city completely.

Adverbs of manner – наречия образа действия

Наречия образа действия отвечает на вопрос How? Как?

well – хорошо

quickly – быстро

softly – тихо, спокойно

loudly – громко

beautifully – красиво

dangerously – опасно

secretly – тайно

weakly – слабо

happily – счастливо

sadly – грустно

hard – настойчиво / сильно

fast – быстро

quietly – тихо

slowly – медленно

roughly – приблизительно / грубо

greedily – жадно

nicely – хорошо, отлично

badly –  плохо / сильно

hungrily – жадно

angrily – сердито

thankfully – к счастью

Наречия образа действия ставятся после дополнения или смыслового глагола

После смыслового глагола

I dance well – я танцую хорошо.

I dance slowly – я танцую медленно.

I dance beautifully – я танцую красиво.

После дополнения

I read the book well – я читаю книгу хорошо.

I read the book loudly – я читаю книгу громко.

Наречия образа действия также может стоять в середине предложения:

• He looked angrily at me. – Он посмотрел на меня сердито.

Когда в предложении несколько наречий, то порядок таков:

Manner – place – time.

	manner	place	time
He watched TV	quietly	in his room	until 7.00

Однако если есть глагол движения (go, run, leave etc), то наречия места идет рядом с глаголом движения:

	place	manner	time
Ann was rushed	to hospital	suddenly	an hour ago.

Если в предложении есть наречия частоты, то порядок таков:

	manner	place	frequency	time
My sister walks	impatiently	home	every evening	after work.

Sentence Adverbs – сентенциальное наречие

Наречие, обозначающее все предложение, в целом ставится в начале, середине или в конце предложения. Но чаще всего в начальной позиции.

Sentence adverbs

Probably – вероятно

Possibly – может быть, возможно

Certainly – безусловно

Clearly – явно, очевидно

Luckily – к счастью

Of course – конечно

Fortunately – к счастью

Maybe – возможно, может быть

Perhaps – возможно, может быть

Примеры:

• Luckily, he didn’t crash into the tree. – К счастью, он не врезался в дерево.
• He luckily didn’t crash into the tree.
• He didn’t crash into the tree, luckily.

В отрицательных предложениях наречия possibly, certainly and probably стоят перед вспомогательным глаголом:

• I probably didn’t believe you. – Я, вероятно, не верил тебе.

Наречия обычно не употребляются между дополнением (object) и глаголом (verb).

He likes biscuits very much. (not: he likes very much biscuits).

Вывод

В следующей таблице приведены наиболее часто используемые позиции для пяти различных типов наречий, рассмотренных выше.

Type of adverb	Most commonly used position in clause
Adverbs of frequency	Mid-position
Adverbs of time	End-position. *Or at the Front position if we want to put emphasis on the time.
Adverbs of degree	Mid-position
Adverbs of manner	End-position.
Adverbs of place	End-position.

Сделайте упражнение, которое поможет вам лучше понять разницу между прилагательным и наречием.

Тест по теме

[qsm quiz=68]

What is an adverb of time?

Adverbs that change or qualify the meaning of a sentence by telling us when things happen are defined as adverbs of time.

An adverb of time is just what you might expect it to be – a word that describes when, for how long, or how often a certain action happened. You will notice that many adverbs of time are the same as adverbs of frequency. There is quite a bit of overlap between these two types of adverbs – so much so that some instructors choose to mention one or the other but not both.

These simple rules for adverbs of time will help you to use them the right way:

• Adverbs of time often work best when placed at the end of sentences. For example:
  • Robin Hood swindled the Sheriff of Nottingham yesterday.
  • I’m sick of living in chaos, so I’m going to clean my house tomorrow.
• You can change the position of an adverb of time to lend emphasis to a certain aspect of a sentence. For example:
  • Later Robin Hood stole the king’s crown. (The time is the most important element here.)
  • Robin Hood later stole the king’s crown. (This is a formal way to use the adverb later. Notice how the statement sounds like it belongs in a police report.)
  • Robin Hood stole the king’s crown later. (This is a neutral, standard way to use the adverb later.)
• Adverbs of time describing for how long an action occurred usually work best at the end of a sentence. For example:
  • She stayed at her grandmother’s house all day.
  • My father was up with heartburn for hours.
• Adverbs of time that express an exact number of times the action happens usually work best at the end of a sentence. For example:
  • The newspaper arrives daily.
  • They go out to dinner weekly.
  • Our family goes on an outing monthly.
• When using more than one adverb of time in a sentence, use them in the following order:
  • 1. How long
  • 2. How often
  • 3. When

For example:

• She volunteered at the hospital (1) for three days (2) every month (3) last year.

Examples of Adverbs of Time

Each sentence contains an example of an adverb of time; the examples are italicized for easy identification.

Are you coming to work tomorrow?

I’d like to go to the movies later.

Jim was so sick he spent four weeks in the hospital.

Adverbs of Time Exercises

The following exercises will help you to gain better understanding about how adverbs of time work. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

1. We go out for Japanese food ________________.
   1. Willingly
   2. Normally
   3. Weekly
   4. Perfectly

Answer: C. We go out for Japanese food weekly. (This sentence talks about how often we go out for Japanese food.)

1. Have you done your homework _____________?
   1. Now
   2. Then
   3. Yet
   4. Still

Answer: C. Have you done your homework yet? (This question inquires whether homework has been done at the appointed time.)

1. Do you _______________ work at the bank?
   1. Still
   2. Never
   3. Grudgingly
   4. Happily

Answer: A. Do you still work at the bank?  (This question asks whether the subject is employed at the bank as they were in the past.)

1. Would you rather drive sometimes or take the train ______________?
   1. Still
   2. Never
   3. Every day
   4. To the beach

Answer: C. Would you rather drive sometimes or take the train every day? (This question asks how often the subject would prefer to take the train instead of driving.)

1. The patient is ­­­­­­­­­­­­­___________ waiting to see the doctor.
   1. Still
   2. Never
   3. Every day
   4. Sadly

Answer: A. The patient is still waiting to see the doctor. (This sentence expresses continuity. The patient was waiting to see the doctor before and is still waiting.)

Adverbs of Time List

After reading this list of adverbs of time, you may be able to come up with several more on your own. Remember that adverbs of time always tell us when, how long, and how often something happens.

When:

Yesterday

Today

Tomorrow

Later

Last year

Now

How long:

All morning

For hours

Since last week

How often:

Frequently

Never

Sometimes

Often

Annually