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способность,
inability
неспособность;
disability
нетрудоспособность
способный, умелый
unable
неспособный
disabled
искалеченный; инвалид
дать возможность
disable
делать неспособным, калечить
умело, искусно
абсурдность
абсурдный
приемлемость
приемлемый
unacceptable
неприемлемый
принимать, соглашаться
доступ
accessibility
доступность
доступный
доступно
случай, случайность
случайный
нечаянно, случайно
действие
actor
актер
actress
актриса
activity
активность
activities
деятельность
acting
представление
активный
acting
действующий, работающей
действовать
активно
достижение
достигать
привычка, приверженность, увлеченность
addict
увлеченный человек, имеющий стойкую привычку
способный вызывать привычку
увлекаться, предаваться
восхищение
восхитительный
восхищаться
восхитительно
совет
рекомендуемый
советовать
притворство, искусственность
affection
привязанность, любовь
притворный
affectionate
любящий
affective
эмоциональный
воздействовать, влиять; притворяться
соглашение, согласие
disagreement
разногласие, несогласие
соответствующий, приятный
соглашаться
disagree
не соглашаться
соответственно
агрессия
aggressor
агрессору зачинщик
агрессивный
нападать
агрессивно
цель
бесцельный
целиться, намереваться
бесцельно
то, что может быть позволено
unaffordable
то, что невозможно себе позволить
позволять себе
развлечение
приятно изумленный
amusing
забавный
развлекать, забавлять
изумленно
внешность; появление
disappearance
исчезновение
появляться
disappear
исчезать
назначение; деловая встреча
disappointment
разочарование, досада
назначенный
disappointed
огорченный
disappointing
разочаровывающий
назначать
disappoint
разочаровывать
одобрение
одобренный
approving
одобрительный
одобрять
одобрительно
соглашение; расположение
приведенный в порядок
приводить в порядок, организовывать
аргумент, довод
argumentation
аргументация
доказуемый (в споре)
argumentative
спорный, конфликтный
утверждать, спорить, ссориться
доказательно
присвоение; ассигнование
подходящий, соответствующий
inappropriate
несоответствущий, неуместный
присваивать, предназначать
соответственно, подходяще
прибытие
прибывать, приезжать
притяжение, привлекательность
привлеченный
attractive
привлекательный
привлекать
привлекательно
избежание, отмена
то, чего можно избежать
unavoidable
неизбежный
избегать
неизбежно
красота; красавица
красивый
украшать
красиво
роды
сносный, допустимый
unbearable
невыносимый
носить; терпеть
невыносимо
вера
вероятный, правдоподобный
unbelievable
невероятный
верить
выгода
выгодный
получать выгоду
зануда
boredom
скука
испытывающий скуку
boring
скучный, надоедливый
надоедать
скучно
дыхание, дуновение
breathing
дыхание
breather
короткая передышка
дышащий
breathless
бездыханный
дышать
затаив дыхание
дело
businessman
деловой мужчина
businesswoman
деловая женщина
занятой
businesslike
деловой, практичный
занимать делом
деловито, по-деловому
забота, уход
заботливый
careless
небрежный
заботиться, любить
заботливо
carelessly
небрежно
празднование
celebrity
знаменитость
знаменитый, прославленный
праздновать, прославлять
определенность
uncertainty
неопределенность, неуверенность
определенный
uncertain
неопределенный
определенно, уверенно
изменение; мелочь, сдача
изменчивый
changed
изменившийся
changeless
неизменный
unchanged
не изменившийся
менять; обменивать(ся)
неизменно
характер
характерный, типичный
характеризовать
выбор
разборчивый
выбирать
ребенок
children
дети
детский; ребяческий
очистка; устранение препятствий
четкий, ясный
очищать, расчищать
четко, ясно
облако
облачный
cloudless
безоблачный
собрание; коллекция
collector
сборщик
коллективный, совокупный
собирать; коллекционировать
колония
колониальный
колонизировать
цвет
цветной
colourless
бесцветный
multi-coloured
разноцветный
раскрашивать
комфорт; утешение
discomfort
беспокойство; неудобство
удобный, комфортабельный
uncomfortable
неудобный
утешать, успокаивать
удобно
uncomfortably
неудобно
община, общество
общественный, коллективный
сообщение
communicator
коммуникатор, переговорщик
использующийся в общении; коммуникативный
сообщать; общаться
сравнение
сравниваемый
comparative
сравнительный
сравнивать
сравнительно, относительно
соревнование; конкуренция
competitor
конкурент, соперник
соревновательный
соревноваться, конкурировать
в форме соревнования, конкуренции
завершение, окончание
законченный
complete
полный, завершенный
incomplete
неполный, назавершенный
заканчивать, завершать
полностью
поздравление
поздравлять
соединение, объединение
связанный, соединенный
соединять
disconnect
разъединять
внимание; рассмотрение, обсуждение
значительный
considerate
внимательный, деликатный, тактичный
inconsiderate
неосмотрительный; невнимательный к другим
считать, полагать; рассматривать
значительно
совесть
совестливый, добросовестный
conscientiousless
бессовестный
добросовестно
сознание
осознающий
unconscious
без сознания
сознательно, осознанно
консультация
consultant
консультант
консультирующий
консультировать
вместилище, контейнер
содержащий
содержать, вмещать
непрерывность
продолжающийся, длящийся
продолжать
непрерывно
управление, руководство
поддающийся управлению
uncontrollable
неподдающийся управлению
controlled
управляемый
uncontrolled
неуправляемый
управлять, регулировать
бесконтрольно
убеждение
убедительный
convinced
убежденный
убеждать
убедительно
повар
cooker
плита, духовка
переваренный
under-cooked
недоваренный
готовить еду
исправление
corrector
корректор
правильный
incorrect
неправильный
исправлять
правильно
прилавок
discount
скидка
accountant
бухгалтер
исчисляемый
uncountable
неисчисляемый
считать
немеряно, без счета
храбрость
храбрый
encouraged
воодушевленный
encouraging
подбадривающий
discouraged
обескураженный
приободрять, поддерживать
discourage
отговаривать, обескураживать
смело, храбро
создание
creativity
творчество
creator
творец, создатель
creature
творение; живое существо
творческий
создавать, творить
творчески
вера, доверие
вероятный, заслуживающий доверия
incredible
невероятный
вероятно
incredibly
невероятно
критик
criticism
критика
критический; переломный; рискованный
критиковать
критично, критически
культивация, обработка
культивированный, обработанный
обрабатывать
культура
культурный, воспитанный
cultural
культурный (как часть культуры)
культурно
лекарство; лечение
излечимый
incurable
неизлечимый
вылечивать, исцелять
неизлечимо
опасность
опасный
угрожать
опасно
день
ежедневный
ежедневно
обман, заблуждение
обманчивый
deceitful
обманчивый, лживый
обманывать
обманчиво, предательски
решение
определенный, явный
undecided
нерешительный, неясный
decisive
решительный, убежденный, убедительный
решать, принимать решение
решительно, определенно
определение
четкий, определенный
indefinite
неопределенный
определять, давать определение
определенно, ясно
indefinitely
нечетко, неопределенно
восторг, наслаждение
восхитительный
delighted
польщенный
восхищаться
с восторгом
доставка, поставка
доставленный
доставлять
зависимость
independence
независимость
зависимый
independent
независимый
зависеть
независимо
депрессия, подавленность
депрессивный, вызывающий депрессию
depressed
подавленный
подавлять
описание
описательный, наглядный
описывать
проект, дизайн
designer
дизайнер, проектировщик
проектировать
желание, стремление
желательный, желаемый
undesirable
нежелательный
желать, стремиться
желательно
разрушение
разрушенный
разрушать, уничтожать
решительность; определение
решительный
решать, определять
развитие
developer
разработчик
развитой
developing
развивающийся
undeveloped
неразвитый
развивать(ся)
умирающий
умирать
разница, различие
indifference
безразличие
другой, отличающийся
indifferent
безразличный
отличаться
по-другому
indifferently
с безразличием
тревога, беспокойство; нарушение тишины, порядка
обеспокоенный
disturbing
беспокоящий
беспокоить, мешать
сомнение
сомнительный
doubtless
несомненный
undoubted
бесспорный
сомневаться
с сомнением
doubtlessly
не сомневаясь
undoubtedly
без сомнения
легкость, свобода
disease
болезнь
легкий
uneasy
неловкий, тревожный
облегчать, ослаблять
легко
uneasily
неловко
хозяйство
экономический
economical
экономный
экономить
экономически; экономно
воспитатель, педагог
education
образование
образованный
uneducated
необразованный
educative
образовательный
воспитывать, давать образование
следствие, результат
effectiveness
эффективность
эффективный, действующий
производить, выполнять
эффективно, действенно
электричество
electrician
электрик
электрический
электрифицировать
империя
empiror
император
имперский
empiric / empirical
исходящий из опыта, эмпирический
служба, работа
unemployment
безработица
employer
наниматель, работодатель
employee
работающий по найму
нанятый, занятый
unemployed
безработный
нанимать
конец, окончание
бесконечный
unending
нескончаемый
конец, окончание
бесконечно
окружающая среда
природный
развлечение
развлекательный
развлекать
энтузиазм, восторг
enthusiast
энтузиаст, восторженный человек
восторженный
с восторгом
оборудование
снаряженный, оборудованный
снаряжать
сущность
главный, основной
главным образом
экзамен; медосмотр
проэкзаменованный; осмотренный врачом
экзаменовать; осматривать
возбуждение, волнение
возбуждающий
excitable
возбудимый
excited
возбужденный, взволнованный
возбуждать, волновать
взволнованно, возбужденно
ожидание, предчувствие
ожидаемый
unexpected
неожиданный
ожидать, предчувствовать
расход(ы), затраты
дорогой
inexpensive
недорогой
тратить, расходовать
дорого
опыт, опытность
inexperience
неопытность
experiment
эксперимент
опытный
inexperienced
неопытный
experimental
эспериментальный
испытывать
взрыв
explosive
взрывчатое вещество
взрывчатый
взрываться
выражение
выразительный
выражать
выразительно
пространство, степень
длительный,обширный
extensive
обширный
простираться, тянуться
обширно, протяженно
крайняя степень, крайность
крайний, чрезвычайный
крайне
очарование, обаяние
чарующий
fascinated
очарованный
очаровывать
справедливость; порядочность
порядочный, справедливый
unfair
несправедливый
справедливо, честно; довольно-таки
финансы
финансовый
финансировать
финансово
твердость
твердый
утверждать
твердо
физическая форма, физическое состояние
находящийся в хорошей форме; подходящий
unfit
неподходящий
подгонять, подстраивать
следующий
следовать
глупыш, дурак
глупый
обманывать
глупо
забываемый
unforgettable
незабываемый
forgetful
забывчивый
forgotten
забытый
забывать
прощение
прощающий
forgivable
простительный
unforgivable
непростительный
прощать
с прощением
судьба, счастье; богатство, состояние
счастливый
unfortunate
несчастный
к счастью
unfortunately
к сожалению
свобода
свободный; бесплатный
свободно
частота
частый
часто посещать
часто
друг
friendship
дружба
friendliness
дружелюбие
дружеский, дружелюбный
unfriendly
недружеский
дружелюбно
страх, испуг
страшный
frightened
испуганный
frightening
пугающий
пугать, устрашать
страшно; испуганно
щедрость
щедрый
щедро
джентльмен
мягкий, нежный
мягко, нежно
привидение, призрак
похожий на привидение
трава
травяной
привычка, обычай
habitant
обитатель
habitat
естественная среда
habitation
жилище, обиталище
привычный
приучать
обычно
рука; рабочий
handful
горсть
удобный (для использования)
handmade
изготовленный вручную
вручать
счастье
unhappiness
несчастье
счастливый
unhappy
несчастный
счастливо
unhappily
несчастливо
вред
вредный
harmless
безвредный
повредить, навредить
вредно
здоровье
здоровый
unhealthy
нездоровый
дом, жилище
бездомный
честь
почетный
почитать, чтить
почетно
надежда
hopefulness
оптимизм, надежда
надеющийся
hopeless
безнадежный
надеяться
с надеждой
человечество
человеческий
humane
гуманный
inhuman
бесчеловечный
humanitarian
гуманитарный
юмор
юмористический
с юмором
спешка
торопливый, спешащий
hurried
торопливый
торопиться
торопливо
лед
ледяной
важность
важный
unimportant
незначительный
важно
впечатление
впечатленный
impressive
впечатляющий
unimpressed
безучастный
производить впечатление
впечатляюще
улучшение
улучшенный
улучшать
толчок, побуждение
импульсивный
импульсивно
несчастный случай; конфликт, инцидент
случайный
случайно
рост, увеличение
растущий
увеличивать(ся)
с ростом
промышленность
промышленный
industrious
трудолюбивый. усердный
индустриализовать
в промышленном отношении
сообщение, информация
informant
осведомитель
formality
формальность
осведомленный
well-informed
знающий, хорошо информированный
misinformed
неверно информированный
formal
формальный, официальный
informal
неофициальный
информировать
misinform
неверно сообщать; дезинформировать
информационно
интенсивность
интенсивный
интенсифицировать
интенсивно
интерес
заинтересованный
interesting
интересный
интересовать
изобретатель
invention
изобретение
изобретательный
изобретать
изобретательно
приглашение
приглашенный
приглашать
вдохновение
вдохновленный
inspiring
вдохновляющий
вдохновлять
знание
acknowledgement
признание; расписка
признанный
признавать, подтверждать
законность, легальность
юридический, законный
illegal
незаконный, подпольный
легализовать
законно
illegally
незаконно
сходство, подобие
приятный
unlike
непохожий
like
аналогичный
относиться хорошо
dislike
относиться отрицательно
вероятно
unlikely
невероятно
unlike
в отличие
жизнь
living
жизнь
оживленный, веселый
live
актуальный, реальный
жить
оживленно
литература
буквальный
literary
литературный
literate
грамотный
illiterate
неграмотный
буквально
место, поселение
местный
размещать
в определенном месте
одиночество
одинокий; один
удача
удачливый
unlucky
неудачливый, неудачный
к счастью
роскошь
шикарный
большинство
главный, основной
управляющий, руководитель
управленческий
управлять; справляться
женитьба
женатый / замужняя
unmarried
неженатый / незамужняя
жениться
встреча; собрание
встречать, знакомиться
память
memorial
мемориал
памятный
заучивать наизусть
нищета
нищенский, ничтожный
месяц
ежемесячный
ежемесячно
движение
неподвижный
показывать жестом
тайна, загадка
таинственный, загадочный
таинственно, загадочно
необходимость
необходимый
unnecessary
ненужный
необходимо
нерв
нервный
нервировать
нервно
число; количество
многочисленный
numerate
умеющий считать
innumerate
неумеющий считать
обозначать цифрами
объект, предмет
objective
цель; возражение
объективный
возражать
объективно
упрямый
упрямо
случай, происшествие
происходить
операция; оперирование, приведение в действие
управлять, действовать
возможность
opportunist
оппортунист
своевременный, подходящий
оппозиция, противостояние
opponent
оппонент, противник
напротив
opposed
противоположный
противопосталять
владелец, хозяин
собственный
владеть
боль
болезненный
painless
безболезненный
болезненно
painlessly
безболезненно
терпение
impatience
нетерпение
patient
пациент
терпеливый
impatient
нетерпеливый
терпеливо
impatiently
нетерпеливо
участник
participation
участие
участвующий
принимать участие
подробности
особенный
особенно
совершенство
совершенный, идеальный
imperfect
несовершенный
совершенствовать, улучшать
отлично, безупречно
период, срок
периодический
периодически
представление; исполнение
performer
исполнитель
исполнять, выполнять, совершать
мир, спокойствие
мирный
мирно
разрешение
permissiveness
вседозволенность
permit
пропуск
позволяющий
позволять
с позволением
удовольствие
приятный
pleased
довольный
displeased
недовольный
доставлять удовольствие
приятно
точка; пункт
остроконечный, нацеленный
pointful
уместный, удачный
pointless
бесцельный
указывать, направлять
остро, по существу
вежливость
вежливый
impolite
невежливый
вежливо
популярность
популярный
unpopular
непопулярный
популяризировать
владение, собственность
possessor
обладатель, владелец
собственнический
владеть, обладать
вероятность, возможность
возможный
impossible
невозможный
возможно
сила, мощь
мощный
powerless
бессильный
уполномочивать
предпочтение
предпочтительный
preferential
пользующийся препочтением
предпочитать
предпочтительно
подготовка
подготовленный
unprepared
неподготовленный
подготовить
с готовностью
престиж
престижный
престижно
профессия
профессиональный
профессионально
выгода
выгодный
unprofitable
не приносящий выгоды
получать выгоду
выгодно
прогресс, продвижение
прогрессивный
продвигаться вперед
постепенно, продвигаясь вперед
предложение
предложенный
делать предложение
процветание
процветающий
процветать
процветающе
общественность
общественный
разглашать
открыто, публично
быстрота
быстрый
убыстрять
быстро
реальность
realization
реализация, осуществление
реальный, настоящий
unreal
нереальный
реализовать, осуществлять
действительно, в самом деле
признание, узнавание
признанный
узнавать; признавать
снижение, понижение
уменьшенный; сниженный
снижать; сбавлять
отдых, расслабление
расслабленный
relaxing
отдыхающий; расслабляющий
отдыхать, расслабляться
расслабленно
надежность
надежный
unreliable
ненадежный
доверять, полагаться
надежно
религия
религиозный
нежелание, неохота
неохотный
неохотно
регулярность
irregularity
нерегулярность
регулярный, правильный
irregular
неправильный; нестандартный
регулировать
регулярно
замечание
замечательный
замечать, отмечать
замечательно
представление
representative
представитель
представительный
представлять
упрек
безупречный
упрекать
с упреком
репутация
имеющий хорошую репутацию, почтенный
disreputable
имеющий плохую репутацию
давать репутацию
disrepute
компрометироватъ
сопротивление
ударопрочный;
irresistible
неотразимый
resistant
прочный
сопротивляться
неотразимо
уважение
уважительный
уважать
с уважением
отдых
беспокойный
отдыхать
беспокойно
награда
стоящий награды
unrewarded
невознагражденный
награждать
богатства
richness
богатство
богатый
обогащать
богато
риск
рискованный
рисковать
грусть
грустный
огорчать
грустно
сейф
safety
безопасность
безопасный
unsafe
опасный
спасать; экономить
безопасно
удовлетворение
dissatisfaction
неудовлетворенность; недовольство
довольный
dissatisfied
недовольный
satisfactory
удовлетворительный
unsatisfactory
неудовлетворительный
удовлетворять
dissatisfy
разочаровывать; огорчать
исследование
искать, осуществлять поиск
безопасность
безопасный
insecure
находящийся в опасности
охранять, гарантировать
безопасно
серьезность
серьезный
серьезно
наука
scientist
ученый
научный
научно
чувство
insensibility
отсутствие чувствительности
чувствительный
insensitive
несочувствующий
sensible
разумный
insensible
нечувствительный, неосознающий
ощущать
чувствительно
sensibly
разумно
услуга, обслуживание
servant
слуга
обслуженный; поданный на стол
служить, обслуживать, подавать на стол
значительный
insignificant
незначительный
иметь значение
значительно
сходство, похожесть
похожий, подобный
похоже, подобно
искренность
искренний
insincere
неискренний
искренне
шорты
короткий
укорачивать
кратко
сон
sleeper
спящий; спальный вагон
спящий
sleepless
бессонный
спать
без сна
решение; раствор
решенный; растворенный
решать; находить выход; растворять
специальность; фирменное блюдо
specialty
особенность
особенный; специальный
specific
специфический
точно определять
specialize
специализировать(ся)
специально
specifically
специфично
сила
сильный
укреплять
сильно
стресс
стрессовый
ударять, ставить ударение
в состоянии стресса
успех
успешный
unsuccessful
безуспешный
преуспевать
успешно
достаточность
insufñcience
недостаточность
достаточный
insufficient
недостаточный
быть достаточным
достаточно
подходящий
unsuitable
неподходящий
подходить, устраивать
предложение
предлагать
подозреваемый
подозрительный
подозревать
подозрительно
пловец
swimming
плавание
плавающий, плавательный
плавать
сочувствие, понимание
сочувствующий
сочувствовать
с пониманием; сочувственно
уверенность
уверенный
unsure
неуверенный
assured
обеспеченный; уверенный
self-assured
уверенный в себе
обеспечивать; гарантировать
assure
уверять, обеспечивать
конечно; уверенно
assuredly
с уверенностью
окружение
окруженный
окружать
беседа, разговор
разговорчивый
беседовать
вкус
distaste
отсуствие вкуса
сделанный со вкусом; обладающий вкусом
tasteless
безвкусный
пробовать
со вкусом
tastelessly
без вкуса
террор
terrorist
террорист
ужасный
terrific
потрясающий
terrifying
ужасающий
terrified
напуганный
ужасать
ужасно
terrifically
потрясающе
жажда
испытывать жажду
колготки
плотный, тесный
сжимать, натягивать
тесно, плотно
мысль
задумчивый
thoughtless
бездумный
думать, иметь мнение
задумчиво
трагедия
трагичный
tragical
трагический
трагично
путешествие
traveller
путешественник
путешествующий
путешествовать
правда
untruth
неправда
правильный; настоящий
untrue
неверный, не соответствующий действительности
truthful
правдивый
по-настоящему, искренне
truthfully
правдиво
ценность
ценимый
valuable
ценный
ценить, оценивать
разнообразие
variability
изменчивость, непостоянство
изменяемый
invariable
неизменный
менять, разнообразить
неизменно
год
ежегодный
ежегодно
понимание
misunderstanding
непонимание; недоразумение
понятный
понимать
польза
misuse
неправильное использование;
usage
использование
полезный
useless
бесполезный
used
использованный
unused
неиспользованный
использовать, пользоваться
полезно
uselessly
бесполезно
неделя
еженедельный
еженедельно
ширина
широкий
расширять
широко
воля, желание; завещание
жаждущий, желающий
unwilling
не желающий
проявлять волю, желать
охотно, с удовольствием
unwillingly
неохотно
ветер
ветренный
windless
безветренный
мудрость
мудрый
unwise
неблагоразумный
мудро
unwisely
неблагоразумно
стоимость, ценность
достойный
worthless
не имеющий ценности
«On the following day I had the satisfaction to hear my young companions propose to go on a fishing party, an amusement in which, by the rules of my caste, I was not allowed to partake.
So it was, that the fourth, fifth and sixth days went by, quietly, without my making any attempt to leave the house.
I have begun, in these later days, to take a growing interest in that great and ancient book.
And then a better day shall dawn for men.
I fancy that he went spying in the attic on a rainy day.
Let us be adorably foolish and happy, my lady, and forget for a little the evil days that approach.
It was a glorious day, very hot, Edith felt peculiar.
On the fifth day after the Blow—Out, «You comin‘ long to Pymeut this mornin‘?«
It would make for us a busy day to accomplish so much; but going down stream and down hill are very different things from going up, as any gentleman may satisfy himself by rowing against a current of two miles the hour, or toiling up an ascent of three or four hundred feet to the mile, and then retracing his steps.
[Illustration: diary entry] Seventh day‘s prison.
After seeing the town, and going to the plays, my Lord Castlewood and Esmond rode together to Cambridge, spending two pleasant days upon the journey.
I remember (and who that was reared in the country does not) when I was a boy, how I went out in the sunny days of autumn, after the frosts had painted the hillsides, to gather chestnuts; and when the breeze rustled among the branches, how the nuts came rattling down; and how if the winds were still, I climbed into the trees and shook their tops, and how the chestnuts pattered to the ground like a shower of hail.
«Be it known, gentlemen, and you, fair ladies,« he cried, «that to—day is a more auspicious occasion than any Royal festival or Christian holy day.
On the sixth day, I had the pleasure of seeing Pepper, once more, upon his feet; and, though still very weak, he managed to keep me company during the whole of that day.
But Lachesis, her hair adorned, her tresses neatly bound, Pierian laurel on her locks, her brows with garlands crowned, Plucks me from out the snowy wool new threads as white as snow, Which handled with a happy touch change colour as they go, Not common wool, but golden wire; the Sisters wondering gaze, As age by age the pretty thread runs down the golden days.
What a long, weary day it was.
On the eighth day out we came to a farmer‘s house, or ranch, on the Republican River, where we stopped and rested for two days, and then went on to the ranch where Harrington had obtained the yoke of cattle.
In those olden days there dwelt in the Carpathian Sea a wily old deity, known by the name of Proteus, possessing the gift of prophecy, the fruits of which he selfishly denied to mankind.
Chow‘s dynasty will pass away; Its altars at no distant day In ruins all shall be!
Colonel Oswald had wasted weeks in the study of the occult evolutions of the battalion; they were still a maddening mystery to him that fatal day.
Though it was the first week of November when the Atterburys found home affairs going on smoothly in the town—house, summer still disputed with winter the short lovely days of fall, as Jack described the lingering May—day mildness of this seductive Southern autumn.
This is a memorable day, both for this man and for his church.
Two young virgins met The day I saw them, a sad day for them, For one was jealous of the other one.
Whilst he was at Eton, in 1776, a national fast—day was appointed on account of the war with America, which was then in progress.
They knew their great commander, and had confidence in him, and this aided them during that eventful day in holding their positions with that stubborn courage which destroyed all the hopes of the Emperor Napoleon.
Day, well the most common word that we use in our day-to-day life almost millions of times. Every person is usually spending their day in some or another way. Sometimes you might have a good day and sometimes a bad one. Through this article, you will be learning about the adjective words that can be used for describing a good day as well as a bad day.
Positive Adjectives to Describe a Day
Here are some of the adjective words that will help you in describing a good day:
Happy | Peaceful | Wonderful | Inspirational |
Bright | Exciting | Joyful | Blissful |
Delightful | Cheerful | Thrilled | Sunny |
Jolly | Calm | Energetic | Festive |
Electrifying | Lovely | Perfect | Rejuvenating |
Euphoric | Glorious | Jubilant | Appreciative |
Thankful | Reliving | Relaxing | Fascinating |
Beautiful | Awesome | Enchanting | Bewitching |
Mesmerizing | Charming | Enthralling | Charming |
Nice | Fine | Excellent | Splendid |
Pleasant | Terrific | Grand | Amazing |
Best | Marvelous | Fabulous | Lucky |
Super | Momentous | Magnificent | Incredible |
Negative Words to Describe a Bad Day
Here is the list of the words that help in describing a bad day:
Awful | Difficult | Tough | Stressful |
Hard | Rough | Wrong | Unlucky |
Off | Terrible | Sad | Lousy |
Long | Bummer | Crappy | Dreadful |
Complicated | Hideous | Horrible | Ghastly |
Sick | Junky | Miserable | Black |
Disappointing | Dangerous | Disastrous | Trashy |
Unfortunate | Negative | Dark | Demotivating |
You can choose the adjective words according to your preferences while framing the sentences/ if you want to describe a bad day, use the words from the second table and if you want to describe a good day, use the words from the first table. With this set of adjective words, you will never face difficulty in describing your day.
Quick Links
- Words to Describe Sky
- Words to Describe Night
The formation of adjectives in English is a rather important and interesting topic. Of course, you can speak English at a fairly high level without going into such details, but such information will not be superfluous.
As in Russian, English adjectives can be derived from other parts of speech. These are usually verbs and nouns. Adjectives are formed using suffixes and prefixes. So, first things first.
Prefixes, or prefixes, are added at the beginning of a word and change its meaning. Usually they change the meaning of the adjective to the opposite, negative. A few examples:
There are several prefixes that change the meaning of a word, but without a negative meaning:
There are a lot of varieties of English adjectives formed in the suffix way. As an example, there is a picture with the main suffixes, as well as a few examples of words.
There is also a classification of English adjectives according to the parts of speech from which they are derived. Adjectives can be formed from nouns, verbs, as well as from other adjectives using various suffixes and prefixes, examples of which have already been considered. The very form of the word may also change. For example, the adjective long is formed from the noun length with a change at the root of the word.
Adjectives in English do not change by person, number and case. Qualitative adjectives vary in degree of comparison. As in Russian, there are three degrees of comparison in English: a positive, comparative и excellent
The positive degree is the main form of adjectives that indicates the presence of a given trait or quality.
This is an interesting book. — It’s an interesting book.
The positive degree of adjectives can be used when comparing two or more persons or objects in the following cases:
The comparative degree of adjectives is used to indicate a greater or lesser severity of a sign or quality in one object or person in relation to another.
For monosyllabic adjectives and two-syllable adjectives ending in -e, -y, -er, -ow, the comparative form is formed by adding the suffix -er.
small small — smaller smaller
simple is simple — simpler is simpler
pretty handsome — prettier prettier
narrow narrow — narrower already
The rest of the adjectives form a comparative degree of comparison with the words more more or less less, which is placed before the adjective.
For monosyllabic adjectives and two-syllable adjectives ending in -e, -y, -er, -ow, the superlative is formed by adding the suffix -est.
small small — smallest smallest
simple simple — simplest is the simplest
pretty beautiful — prettiest the most beautiful
narrow narrow — narrowest narrowest
The rest of the adjectives form a superlative degree of comparison with the words most most or least least, which is placed before the adjective.
The exceptions to the general rule of education of the comparative and superlative degree are the forms of the adjectives good good, bad bad, little small, little, much / many many, far distant
Source: http://www.study-languages-online.com/ru/en/english-adjective-comparative.html
Before memorizing a colossal number of adjectives, you need to figure out how adjectives are formed, what are degrees of adjectives in Englishand also know the word order. All this knowledge will help you use English adjectives correctly. Now let’s find out what an adjective is.
An adjective is a part of speech that denotes a feature of an object and answers the question what? What?
Example: beautiful is beautiful, blue is blue, unpredictable is unpredictable.
1) Simple (simple) — adjectives that have no prefixes or suffixes.
Example: black-white- black-and-white, cold-hearted- heartless, well-known- known
a) Suffix education. Adjective suffixes include:
b) Prefix method. Almost all prefixes that are added to adjectives have a negative meaning:
Sometimes we use two or more adjectives together. For example:
There is a small, brown, round table in the room — there is a small, brown, round table in the room.
In this sentence, the English adjectives small, brown, round are actual adjectives that give objective information about the size, color, shape of an object.
Example: The big, old, round, brown, German, wooden wardrobe.
Source: http://enjoyeng.ru/grammatika/prilagatelnyie-v-angliyskom-yazyike-the-adjective
Different postfixes bring different nuances to the semantics of the formed adjectives. Shaping elements –ible / -able indicate the presence of a certain ability to perform an action, the other postfixes indicated below contain an indication of certain properties, qualities, for example:
Postfixes -ible / -able can be a bit tricky when you start learning English. There are significantly more adjectives with –able in English. When derivative adjectives are formed using these postfixes, the original stems can undergo certain changes, namely:
— receive — receivable: the final vowel «-e» of the original stem before the above suffixes is dropped; — rely — reliable: the final vowel «Y» of the stem, when adding these postfixes, turns into «i», and only the derivational postfix -able can be used after it;
— appreciate (highly appreciate, feel, recognize) — appreciable (tangible, significant, significant): after the final «i» in the original stem, only the postfix «-able» can be added.
In the described way, adjectives are formed using the postfixes -al, -ful, -y, which emphasize the presence of any certain qualities or properties, the postfix -less, indicating the absence of certain properties or qualities, the postfix -ous, characterizing certain character traits or giving corresponding quality characteristics, and a number of others, for example:
A feature of English derivative adjectives is the fact that the prefixes involved in their formation for the most part contain a negative meaning. Examples of such prefixes are un-, in-, im-, dis-. There are, of course, prefixes with other meanings:
- visible (visible) — invisible (invisible)
- correct (correct, correct, exact) — incorrect (incorrect, incorrect, inaccurate)
- dead (dead) — undead (raised from the dead)
- reasonable (reasonable, reasonable, reasonable) — unreasonable (unreasonable, unreasonable, unreasonable)
- legal (lawful, legal, legal) — illegal (illegal, illegal, illegal)
- local (local, local) — illocal (non-local, non-local)
- practical — impractical (impractical, unrealistic, practically impractical, unusable
Source: https://online-teacher.ru/blog/obrazovanie-prilagatelnyx-english
English Adjectives — Sentence Order and Comparison
An adjective in English is a part of speech that answers the questions: «what?», «What?», «What?», «What?» and denoting a sign of an object. An adjective describes an object or object in terms of color, shape, quality, size, character, origin, and properties.
The main difference between adjectives in the English language is that they do not change forms and endings in different cases, numbers, do not differ when describing nouns of different kinds. Coordination with other words occurs without changing the word form.
Qualitive and relative adjectives
There are two types of adjectives in English:
Qualitative — describe the color, shape, size, taste of the object: beautiful, weak, green, powerful, square, happy;
Relative — describe the origin of the object, what it is made of: wooden, stone, clay, cherry, grape, glass (wooden, stone, clay, cherry, grape, glass). Such adjectives do not have degrees of comparison.
Degrees of comparison of adjectives
Adjectives have three degrees of comparison: positive (initial), comparative, and excellent. The comparative and superlative degrees of quality English adjectives are formed according to special rules, among which there are exceptions that must be remembered.
Comparative degree
The comparative degree of short adjectives consisting of two or fewer syllables is formed by adding the suffix «-er» to the end of the word:
If a short English adjective ends in a closed syllable (from the end — a consonant, vowel, consonant), the last letter is doubled, and only then the suffix «-er» is added:
If a short adjective ends in a consonant + «y», the last letter «y» is changed to «i» and «-er» is added:
If the short word ends in «-e», add «-r»:
The comparative degree of long adjectives consisting of 3 or more syllables is formed using the word «more»:
Superlative degree
To form the superlative of a short adjective, it is necessary to put the definite article and add the suffix «-est»:
The superlong adjective is formed by adding «the most»:
Comparative and superlative exceptions
These English adjectives form a comparative and superlative degree not according to the rules, completely or partially changing the basis of the word.
- good — better — the best (good — better — best);
- bad — worse — the worst (bad — worse — the worst);
- little — less — the least;
- much (with uncountable) / many (with countable) — more — the most (many — more — most);
- far — farther / further — the farthest / the furthest
- old — older / elder — the oldest / the eldest.
“Father” and “further” differ in that the first word implies distances (go farther — go further), the second — has a figurative meaning (watch the film further — see the film further).
«Older» and «elder» differ in meaning: the first word describes age in the literal sense (the piece of furniture is older), the second is used for age relations in the family (my elder brother is my older brother).
There are words, the comparative and superlative degrees of which can be formed in both ways:
clever (smart) — cleverer (smarter) — the cleverest (the smartest)
clever — cleverer — the most clever
polite (polite) — politer — the politest
polite — politer — the most polite
friendly — friendlier — the friendliest
friendly — more friendly — the most friendly
They also include:
common, cruel, gentle, narrow, pleasant, shallow, simple, stupid, quiet.
Comparative expressions using adjectives in sentences
- twice as as — twice as;
- three times as as — three times than;
- half as as — half of something (twice)
- the same as — the same as;
- less than — less than;
- the least / most of all — least / most of all;
- the, the — what, so;
- than — what.
Your bag is twice as heavy as mine. “Your bag is twice the size of mine.
Mary’s copybook costs half as little as ours. — Mary’s notebook costs half ours.
Your dream is the same as important as theirs. “Your dream is as important as theirs.
This flower is less beautiful than that one growing in the garden. “This flower is less beautiful than the one that grows in the garden.
The more careful you are, the easier it is. “The more careful you are, the easier it will be to deal with it.
This exercise is the least difficult of all. — This exercise is the least difficult of all.
Source: https://englishbro.ru/grammar/adjectives-common-rules
Formation of degrees of comparison of adjectives in English
Comparison of adjectives in English is one of the simplest grammatical topics. The reason is that the existing degrees of comparison and methods of their formation largely coincide with those in the Russian language. As in Russian, there are two degrees of comparison in English: comparative и excellent… According to another classification, there is also a positive one — this is the usual form of adjectives.
Comparative forms in English
How the degrees of comparison are formed
There are two ways to form the degrees of comparison: analytical (adding words) and synthetic (adding suffixes). The choice of the desired method of formation depends on the adjectives themselves:
- for monosyllabic (simple) — we use the synthetic method of education
- for the polysyllabic — the analytical method.
Let’s consider all this in detail, giving examples.
Monosyllabic adjectives and the synthetic method for comparing them
Almost all simple adjectives in English form comparative degrees using suffixes:
table of adjectives
There are several cases where adding suffixes requires minor changes to the word itself:
- If in a monosyllabic adjective there is a short vowel before the final consonant, then we double it:
- Big — bigger — the biggest
- The final dumb -e goes off before -er, -est:
- Nice — nicer — the nicest
- The final –y is replaced with –i, provided that there is a consonant before –y:
If there is a vowel before -y in a word, there will be no substitutions:
- Gray — greyer — the greyest
Let’s sum up.
In the following picture, you will see an extremely simple diagram of the formation of the degrees of comparison of simple adjectives in English.
the degree of comparison of simple adjectives in English
There are no rules that have no exceptions
There is a small list of exceptions to the general rule: these words completely change their roots:
exclusion list
There is another type of exception, which is a small list of words that have two possible options for the formation of degrees, each of which has its own semantic characteristics. You need to know them in order to use them correctly in the context:
Adjectives with two possible options for the formation of degrees
As for two-syllable adjectives, some of them form their comparative forms as monosyllabic — by adding —er and —is… These include those who
- Ends in:
narrow — narrower — the narrowest
Source: https://englishfull.ru/grammatika/sravnenie-prilagatelnih.html
10 ways to tell an adjective from an adverb in English
An adjective is easy to recognize in a sentence by how it affects the noun, changing its properties. For example:
«He bought a shirt.» The word shirt is a noun, but it is not clear what kind of shirt it is. All we know is that someone bought a shirt.
«He bought a beautiful shirt.» In this example, the adjective beautiful appears, which changes the noun shirt, which makes it clear which shirt the person bought.
It is not difficult to recognize an adjective in a sentence — it, as a rule, answers the questions “Which one?”, “Which one?”, “Which one?”.
For example:
“The kind woman gave us a tasty cake.” What woman? Kind (kind). What kind of cake? Tasty
«The small boy is playing with a new toy.» The adjectives small (small) and new (new) tell us which boy and what kind of toy we are talking about.
So, the main thing to remember is the questions that the adjective answers in English:
- What is it?
- Which the?
- Which one?
Adverb
If adjectives affect nouns, changing their properties, then the adverb affects verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. You can easily find an adverb in a sentence with the -ly suffix, because most adverbs in English are formed just by adding it to an adjective. It is important to remember that the adverb answers the question «how?» or «how much?» Let’s look at some examples:
«The pair danced gracefully.» (The couple danced gracefully.) The adverb gracefully influences the verb to dance, making it clear exactly how the couple danced.
«That man is very strong.» (That man is very strong.) In this sentence, the adverb very affects the adjective strong and shows how and how strong the man is. Let’s check by asking the question “how much?”: “How strong is he? He is very strong. » (How strong is he? He is very strong.)
«It was an extremely important meeting.» (This was an extremely important meeting.) The adverb extremely changes the adjective important. We ask the question “how much”: “How important was it? Extremely important. » (How important was it? Extremely important.) It is now clear that the meeting was extremely important.
«She smiled amazingly.» (She smiled an amazing smile.) Here the adverb amazingly affects the verb smile, and tells us how the girl smiled.
So, remember the main rule — the adverb most often answers the question «how?» At the same time, it can also answer the questions «when?», «Where?» and why?».
Additional rules
In English, adjectives usually precede the nouns they refer to. However, if the sentence contains one of the following verbs, the adjective will appear after its noun.
- to be
- to feel
- great taste
- to smell
- to sound
- to look
- to appear
- to seem
Consider the following examples:
«The sky is blue.» (The sky is blue.) The adjective blue refers to the noun sky, but follows the verb is in the sentence, which is the form of the verb be.
«Diana looks happy.» (Diana looks happy.) The adjective happy also follows the noun Diana.
«The music sounds loud.» (Music sounds loud.) The adjective loud follows the noun music in the sentence.
«The juice smells great.» (The juice smells great.) Again, we see the noun juice first, followed by the dependent adjective great.
Avoiding common mistakes
There are adjectives and adverbs in English that are difficult to distinguish by spelling. It is even more difficult to understand the difference in their use. Let’s clarify these situations.
1. Is the adjective bad or the adverb badly?
When you want to talk about your feelings or feelings, you should use the adjective bad. So when you feel bad or unwell, you say “I feel bad”. However, if you say “I feel badly,” it means that you feel dull, as if your hands are numb. Compare these examples:
«The horse smells badly.» Here the adverb badly means that the horse has a bad scent, a poor ability to smell in principle.
«The cat smells bad.» Thanks to the adjective bad, the sentence is no longer about scent, but about the fact that the cat is dirty, smells bad and needs bathing.
Note: In English there is also an expression “I feel badly”. It is used when you need to apologize, express regret. Imagine visiting a friend and accidentally breaking his favorite vase. Then you say, “I feel really badly about the vase”.
2. Is the adjective good or the adverb well?
It is easy to remember a simple rule that works in the grammar of the English language — the adjective good should be used with the following verbs denoting feelings and states: feel, look, smell, be. While the adverb well combines with live, do. Compare:
«I do well.» Use the adverb well to say that you are doing well and that you are doing well.
«My grandmother looks good.» The adjective good says that the grandmother looks good, not that the grandmother has good eyesight.
«My cat smells pretty good now.» Again, the adjective good does not mean that the cat has a good scent, but that the cat itself smells good, like after bathing.
Note: In English colloquial speech with verbs of feelings and states, it is allowed to use the adverb well in expressions such as “I feel well”. This is due to the fact that many people confuse the adjective good and the adverb well in conversation. However, when talking about action verbs, you should only use the adverb well. For example:
«He plays football well.» (He plays football well.)
«The whole class did well on the exam.» (The whole class did well on the exam.)
3. Adjective sure or adverb surely?
Source: https://skyeng.ru/articles/10-sposobov-otlichit-prilagatelnoe-ot-narechiya-v-anglijskom
Examples of polysyllabic adjectives in English
Each person or object has distinctive characteristics, properties, signs. And in order to tell the interlocutor about them, you need to be able to use the appropriate adjectives correctly.
Today we will study this grammatical category, as well as learn its laws of composing and using the degree of comparison.
In addition, they will help us quickly understand and remember the rules about simple and polysyllabic adjectives in the English language examples, given in the final section.
Grammatical meaning
The role of English adjectives is no different from the role of Russians — to characterize people and describe objects, emphasizing their qualities, signs, properties. Despite the fact that there is always a noun in conjunction with this part of speech, it does not change either the number, gender or case.
- I see a gray bird — I see gray the bird.
- Gray birds are sitting on the branch of the tree — Grey birds sit on a tree branch.
- I gave some bread to the gray bird — I gave some bread to this gray bird.
The only case of changing the form of adjectives in an English sentence is when they are used to compare objects and express superiority.
Comparison forms
Before mastering the methods of comparison, it is necessary to understand that the composition of adjectives is very important for English grammar. They are of three types: simple, complex, and compound.
Compound adjectives are a combination of two words and are written with a hyphen (sometimes together). These combinations consist of adjectives and other parts of speech: numerals, nouns, participles, etc.
- A one-eyed young man lives in this flat — A young one-eyed boy lives in this apartment.
- Mother bought a dark blue suit for my brother — Mom bought my brother a navy blue suit.
- He didn’t want to take a low-paid job — He didn’t want to take a low-paying job.
The composite view is rarely used. Monosyllabic and disyllabic adjectives and words with a large number of syllables are much more common. For the first two groups, comparative forms are formed by changing the stem, and the last category requires additional words. Therefore, we will separately analyze polysyllabic adjectives in English, giving examples of compiling their comparative degrees. Let’s dwell on the first group for now.
Definitions consisting of one syllable, as well as adjectives of two syllables with the endings le, er, ow, y form the degrees of comparison in a suffix way. For the comparative degree it is the suffix -er, and for the superlative one it is est. Since only one person or object can surpass everyone, the article the is put before such adjectives.
- I had done my task by 3 o’clock because it was easy — I completed my task by three o’clock, because she was easy.
- You had done your task faster than I did because your task was cutting easier — You completed your task faster than me, because your task was easier.
- He had done his task earlier than others did because his task was the easy — He completed his task before anyone else, because his task was the lightest.
When changing the degree for monosyllabic adjectives, several nuances related to spelling are characteristic. When the definition ends with one consonant, preceded by a short vowel, it is doubled in the comparative construction. Here we note that the final unreadable vowel e is never doubled.
- It was hot yesterday — It was hot yesterday.
- The weather is getting hotter and hotter — The weather is getting hotter and hotter.
Words ending in -y with a preceding consonant change that letter to i.
- My sister is lazy — My sister is lazy.
- He is the laziest pupil in his class — He is the laziest student in his class.
Note that this group contains special cases that are studied separately.
Polysyllabic adjectives in English construction examples
For definitions that include three or more syllables, no changes occur to the word itself. In drawing up comparative degrees, they are helped by special additional designations: more / less (more / less) and the most / the least (most / least).
Original form | Comparison | Superiority |
comfortable room | more comfortable room | the most comfortable room |
beautiful butterfly | more beautiful butterfly | the most beautiful butterfly |
expensive present | less expensive present | the least expensive present |
This method is often used to form comparisons of adjectives in –ed and –ing, which many equate with participles.
- He was more surprised than his brother — He was more surprised than his brother.
- It was the most interesting day of my trip — It was the most interesting day of my trip.
Disyllabic adjectives are often used this way, especially if they end in -ful, -less, -ous.
- Your husband is more careful than my — Your husband is more caring than mine.
- It is the most useless thing in the world — This is the most useless thing in the world.
- Palahniuk is more famous writer than Frei — Palahniuk is a better known writer than Fry.
To the words that are always used for education degrees of comparison additional constructs also include: frequent, careless, modern, normal, certain, foolish, correct, etc.
Some adjectives may even use both methods of constructing comparisons.
Original form | Comparison | Superiority |
angry | angrier / more angry | the angriest / the most angry |
quiet | quitter / more quitter | the quietest / the most quit |
handsome | handsomer / more handsome | the handsomest / the most handsome |
This type of word includes common, clever, simple, gentle, stupid, narrow, cruel, pleasant, friendly.
Source: https://speakenglishwell.ru/mnogoslozhnye-prilagatelnye-v-anglijskom-yazyke-primery/
Enjoy learning English online with Puzzle English for free
For knowledge of a foreign language, a wealth of vocabulary is no less important than an understanding of grammar. The more words a person speaks, the freer he feels in a foreign language environment.
The variety of vocabulary is largely determined by the richness of word formation in the English language. The construction of new words is based on general principles. And the one who knows these principles feels much more confident among unfamiliar vocabulary.
The structure of the word and its change
New words are learned gradually. Most often, at first we only understand them in texts or someone else’s speech, and only then we begin to actively use them in ours. Therefore, mastering new vocabulary is a long process and requires patience from the student, active practice of reading, listening and working with a dictionary.
One of the methods to quickly expand your vocabulary is to master the ways of word formation in English. Having understood the principles by which words are built, it is possible to derive the meanings of its cognate words from an already known word.
The building blocks for every word are the root, prefixes and suffixes. The root is the part of the word that carries the main meaning. A word cannot exist without a root. Whereas prefixes and suffixes are an optional part, however, when added to the root, it is they that help form new words. Therefore, when describing word formation in English, we will separate prefix and suffix methods.
All prefixes and suffixes have their own meaning. It is usually quite blurry and serves to change the basic meaning of the word. When a prefix or suffix (or both) is added to the root, their value is added to the root value. This is how a new word turns out.
The formation of new words can lead not only to a change in meaning, but also to change parts of speech. Suffixes are more common in this function. By adding to the root, they translate a word from one part of speech to another, for example, they make an adjective from a verb or a verb from a noun.
So, from one root a whole group can be formed, all the elements of which are interconnected. Therefore, word formation helps learners of English to see the semantic relationships between words and better navigate the variety of vocabulary.
You can get a new word not only through prefixes and suffixes. Another way is compounding, in which two roots are combined into one word, forming a new meaning. In addition, word formation includes the reduction of words and the creation of abbreviations.
Prefixes as a way of word formation in English
A prefix (the term «prefix» is also used) is an element of a word that is placed before the root. Prefix word formation is rarely used by the English language to change parts of speech (as an exception, the prefix «en-» / «em-» for the formation of verbs can be called). But prefixes are actively used to change the meaning of a word. The prefixes themselves can have different meanings, but among them there is a large group of prefixes with a similar function: to change the meaning of a word to the opposite.
1. Prefixes with negative values:
- un-: unpredictable (unpredictable), unable (unable)
- dis-: disapproval, disconnection
Source: https://puzzle-english.com/directory/wordbuilding
Difference between an adverb and an adjective in English: how to distinguish them?
Good or well? Slow or slowly? Hard or hardly? High or highly highly?
Today you will learn the difference between an adverb and an adjective in English and quickly learn how to distinguish them.
These parts of speech very often cause confusion among those who are learning English not only at the beginner level.
That is why it is worthwhile to understand once and for all what adverbs and adjectives are in English, as well as when they are used.
Features of the adjective in English
First, an adjective in English always describes a noun or pronoun, just like in Russian.
That is, if you see an adjective in a sentence, somewhere nearby there will be either a noun or a pronoun (he, she, it, etc.).
For example: Mark’s new bike is RED and yellow… It is very solid as well.
The highlighted words are adjectives.
Second, remember that adjectives never describe other adjectives or verbs.
Adverb and its main properties
With an adverb, the situation is very simple — it always defines a verb, less often an adjective or another adverb.
Very often, adverbs are formed from adjectives by adding a suffix — ly.
For example: slow — slowly, quick — quickly, careful — carefully, nice — nicely, happy — happily etc.
Also, adverbs can be formed from nouns by adding only — Y: wind — windy, sun — sunny, rain — rainy.
But in the English language there are «special» adverbs that are formed in their own way.
For example: good — well. Don’t confuse them!
«Good job «, BUT»Well done «! One cannot say “very well weather «, it is correct to say -» Very good weather «.
There are also such adverbs that seem to be formed from an adjective, only they mean something completely different.
For example: hard — hardly, close — closely, late — lately, near — nearly.
To distinguish an adverb from an adjective, it is worth looking at the context and role of the word in the sentence, that is, what exactly it describes: an object, a person, a phenomenon or an action.
As for adjectives like high, deep, cool, warm, cold, hot, present, shorts etc. when adding a suffix — ly from them an adverb is formed, which is used not literally, but in a figurative sense.
By the way, these adjectives are also used as adverbs without adding a suffix.
Let’s see examples:
- He talked about Alice very highly… — He spoke very highly of Alice.
- Mrs. Tess welcomed us warmly… “Mrs. Tess greeted us warmly.
That’s all.
Enjoy learning English! Subscribe to the newsletter and share useful information with your friends in social networks.
Good Luck!
Source: https://preply.com/blog/2015/06/11/raznitsa-mezhdu-narechiem-i-prilagatelnym-v-anglijskom-kak-ih-otlichat/
Nationalities in English: basic rules
Countries and Nationalities is taught at the very beginning of the elementary level. If you open any textbook of this level, then one of the first lessons will certainly touch upon the topic of countries and nationalities. This is because using the names of different nationalities, it is convenient to practice the use of the verb to be.
From the very first lessons, students will learn how to form the names of nationalities from the names of countries, but the list of words considered is usually small: a maximum of twenty of the most popular countries and nationalities. This is enough for a start, but you will need more knowledge to study further.
In this article, we will explain the basic rules by which the names of nationalities are formed, as well as talk about the various features of using these words.
First of all, please remember that the names of countries, languages, nationalities in English are written with a capital letter.
An adjective can be formed from the name of any country using a certain suffix. For example:
Italy — Italy; Italian — Italian, Italian — Italian.
Do you speak Italian? — Do you speak Italian?
I Italian food. — I love Italian food.
He is from Italy. He is Italian… — He’s from Italy. He is Italian.
As you can see, the same word derived from the name of the country can be used in different ways. This adjective is the name of the language of this country and the name of nationality. Many students, for example, forget about these derivative words and just use the name of the country (Japan food, Spain singer, and so on). The name of the country cannot be an adjective, it cannot describe the nationality or language of the country, so do not make such mistakes.
It should be noted that the name of the nationality and the language of the country do not always coincide. For example, in Brazil (Brazil), although there are Brazilians (Brazilian), they speak Portuguese (Portugese). It is the same with Arab countries, where the nationality of the country does not coincide with the language (Arabic).
So, back to suffixes. Some authors try to classify suffixes by geography, making maps like this:
Nevertheless, it is impossible to classify all suffixes according to any one criterion, there are always exceptions. Take the -ESE suffix for example: it would seem to combine with the names of countries in Asia and Africa, but it also forms adjectives from the names of some countries in Europe and South America.
Let’s look at the main suffixes that form adjectives from country names:
-IAN | Adjectives are formed using this suffix, regardless of which letter ends in the name of the country and where it is located. If the country name ends in -IA, then only -N is added: | Argentina — Argentinian Egypt — Egyptian Norway — Norwegian Ukraine — UkrainianBrazil — BrazilianRussia — Russian Australia — AustralianIndonesia — Indonesian |
-AN | If the country name ends in -A, then only -N is added, if the name ends in another vowel, -AN is added: | Korea — Korean Venezuela — Venezuelan Chile — Chilean Mexico — Mexican |
-ESE | Basically — the countries of Asia, some countries in Africa, other countries in Europe and South America: | China — Chinese Vietnam — Vietnamese Japan — Japanese Lebanon — Lebanese Sudan — Sudanese Taiwan — Taiwanese Portugal — Portuguese |
-ISH | Some adjectives are formed with the –ISH suffix: | Britain — British Scotland — Scottish Ireland — IrishWales — Welsh Poland — Polish Turkey — Turkish |
-I | Almost all countries that combine with this suffix are Islamic countries, or countries that speak Arabic. | Iraq — Iraqi Pakistan — Pakistani Thailand — ThaiKuwait — Kuwaiti |
Other suffixes | Other suffixes can also be called exceptions, since some of them are single, used to form one nationality. | France — French Greece — Greek Switzerland — Swissthe Netherlands — Dutch |
As mentioned earlier, many adjectives that can be formed using suffixes are the names of the languages spoken in a particular country. In addition, these adjectives, when combined with nouns, describe something specific to this country:
French literature — French literature Japanese food — Japanese food Mexican traditions — Mexican traditions
Egyptian culture — Egyptian history
In order to talk about nationalities in general, there are several ways in English that we will now get to know.
1. The + ADJECTIVE
You know from the article on the definite article the that the can be combined with adjectives when the adjective refers to a group of people:
The Chinese are very traditional. — The Chinese are very traditional.
The Americans fast food. — Americans love fast food.
Have you noticed that in the above examples the word Americans is used with the ending -S, Chinese — without the ending? There are a few rules to remember about this:
If nationality adjectives have endings –SH, –CH, –SS, –ESE, -I then they are not plural (no -S is added to them):
the French the Swiss the Japanese the Scottish the Iraqi the Iraqi
the Israeli — Israelis
Endings –AN and some others are plural. These adjectives (unlike the above) can also be nouns:
the Ukrainians the Brazilians the Greeks the Greeks
the Thais — residents of Thailand
2. ADJECTIVE + PEOPLE
Any nationality can be designated using the word people in combination with an adjective. The article is not needed:
Chinese people — Chinese people Italian people — Italians
English people — English
3. Nouns
Some nationalities have special nouns that do not match adjectives… These nouns can be used when referring to all representatives of nationality:
Denmark — the Danes Finland — the Finns Great Britain — the British Poland — the Poles Scotland — the Scots Spain — the Spaniards Sweden — the Swedes the Netherlands — the Dutch
Turkey — the Turks
If you are talking about one person, then if this nationality has a noun, then you can use it:
an American — American an Italian — Italian a Pole — Pole a Turk — Turk a Spaniard — Spanish a Briton — British
a Swede — Swede
If there is no noun, or if you want to clarify the gender of a person, then use the ADJECTIVE + MAN / WOMAN / BOY / GIRL formula:
an English boy a Chinese woman
a French man
(can be written together: a Frenchman)
an English man (can be written together: an Englishman)
There is a term in English demonym (from the Greek demos — people and onym — name). This term is intended to describe people living in a particular area. These are the names of nationalities, ethnic groups, residents of a particular area or a particular city. All of the above adjectives and nouns derived from country names are demonyms. Demonyms are formed mainly by suffixing:
London — Londoner — resident of London Kiev — Kievan — resident of Kiev
Rome — Roman — a resident of Rome
In this article, we will not list all nationalities and other demonyms. To begin with, you just need to know the names of the nationalities of large and frequently mentioned countries. If the need arises, you can easily find lists of all nationalities without exception on the Internet. The main thing is to remember the general rules and constantly supplement your knowledge. And don’t forget to subscribe to our updates! I wish you success!
Source: https://enginform.com/article/nationalities
The Adjective
§ 29. Adjectives denote signs, qualities or properties of objects.
In English, as in Russian, there are simple, derivatives и complex (compound) adjectives.
Simpleadjectives (Simple adjectives):
nice, green, small, right, good.
Derivativesadjectives (Derived Adjectives)adjectives with suffixes or prefixes):
dirty, childish, friendly, unknown, useful.
Complex (compound) adjectives (compound adjectives):
light-blue, red-hot, good-looking, well-known.
Among the English Complexadjectives there is a special group adjectives with the -ed suffix (complex derivativesadjectives), for example: blue-eyed (blue-eyed), long-legged (leggy), absent-minded (scattered).
§ 30. By value adjectives are divided into two groups — Qualityadjectives (Qualitative Adjectives) and the relativeadjectives (relative adjectives).
Qualitativeadjectives directly indicate the signs and qualities of objects (size, color, weight, etc.):
big, red, difficult, important, heavy.
For qualityadjectives the following properties are characteristic:
1) They have degrees of comparison (see § 34):
big — bigger — (the) biggest
2) They can be defined by adverbs of the degree very, quite, so, too, rather, fairly and others:
very big, quite red, too difficult, rather heavy, fairly interesting.
§ 31. Relativeadjectives denote the signs and qualities of objects through their relationship to other objects, for example: a wooden house (a house made of wood), an American boy (a boy from America), a grammatical exercise (an exercise on grammar), etc.
Relativeadjectives do not have degrees of comparison.
A feature of the English language is that in the meaning relativeadjectives very often there are determinants-nouns (nouns used as prepositive definitions for other nouns). Therefore, in many cases, the Russian relative adjective does not correspond in English adjective, and the determinant is a noun. Compare:
a school library — school library
a football match — football match
London streets — London streets
a pioneer camp — pioneer camp
gold watch — gold watch
winter sports — winter sports
Missing in English possessiveadjectiveslike Russians Petin, Zhenin, daddy, mother’s etc. Their role in English is played by the corresponding nouns in the possessive case.
Tomorrow is mother’s birthday. Tomorrow mother’s birthday.
This is Nick’s book. it Colin book.
§ 32. The main grammatical feature adjectives in English is their immutability in numbers, gender and cases. In this respect, they differ from adjectives in Russian, which are declined, vary in numbers and gender, and can have short and full forms.
Compare:
a gray cat — gray cat
two gray cats — two gray cats
a clever boy — smart boy; a clever girl — a clever girl, etc.
This is a good house. This is a nice home.
This house is good. This house is good.
We live in a good house. We live in a nice house.
As adjectives in English they do not incline, then there is no grammatical agreement between them and the nouns being defined, which is available in Russian.
Functions of adjectives in a sentence
§ 33. In the sentence adjectives perform the following functions:
1) definitions to a noun; adjective-definition in English, it is placed before the noun being defined:
I hope you had a good holiday.
Happy Birthday to you!
Note. Unlike the Russian language adjective-definition not used in English (except excellent degree) without the word being defined. When the noun being defined is omitted, the pronoun one is used instead.
I don’t need the red pencil; give me the black one, please.
Compare: I don’t need a red pencil, give me a black one, please.
2) predicative (the nominal part of the predicate):
Are you hungry?
I’m more thirsty than hungry.
Are you sure the shop is still open?
There is a group in English adjectives, which are used only in the function predicative… This includes adjectives: afraid, a, alive, asleep, awake, glad, ill, sorry.
I’m very glad to see you.I’m so sorry to be late.When I came home my brother was already asleep.Mike’s sisters are very much a.
He’s been ill for two days.
Degrees of Comparisons of Adjectives
§ 34. In English, as in Russian, Qualityadjectives have three degrees of comparison: positive
Source: http://artefact.lib.ru/languages/eng_ebooks_shub_adjective.shtml
Excellent Degree in English
Learning grammar and rules is not enough, it is also important to learn how to communicate in English. Practice and experience show that English for beginners’ children is a topic that causes quite lively disputes and disagreements.
Someone thinks that you should not burden children with learning In order to maintain and improve your speech, you need to communicate with a native English speaker.
Modern technologies do not stand still, Why do we need English? Today this question does not cause any hesitation! Traveling around the world, communicating with foreign citizens, progressing in Basic English Verbs is an item that cannot be ignored when studying a foreign language.
It is not for nothing that this part of speech is called the king.
In English, there are three degrees of comparison for adjectives: comparative, positive, and excellent. The key function of the latter is to demonstrate the strong characteristic of a certain object, in comparison with other nouns. For example, the largest or the smallest. It is important that in order to use a superlative degree, it is necessary that at least three objects or people are involved!
How the degrees of comparison of adjectives in English are formed
Comparative and Superlative Education in English — a topic that needs to be given due attention in the study of the subject. Self-mastering can cause some difficulties, therefore, in order to assimilate the material and learn how to apply it in practice, we strongly recommend not to be lazy and take a few individual lessons!
First of all, we invite you to find out rule of comparison of adjectives in English… Note that all adjectives can be divided into two groups:
- High quality;
- Relative.
It is noteworthy that not all adjectives lend themselves to comparison. For example, let’s take the word «iron». We cannot say that this chair is more iron than the one that you saw in the previous store. This is lexically incorrect.
Qualitative adjectives can be presented in any form — positive, comparatively excellent.
Formation of the comparative degree of adjectives in English
The comparative degree is used when it comes to 2 or more subjects. We will tell you in detail how to form it.
- If the adjective consists of 1-2 syllables, then they are considered short. In this case, the ending «er» must be added to the word;
- If the adjective has an ending «y», then comparatively it simply changes to «i» + «er»;
- If there is «e» at the end of the adjective, then just add «r»;
- When there is a combination of a vowel and a consonant at the end of an adjective, the consonant is doubled + «er».
- If the adjective is long (it includes more than 2 syllables), then here the comparative degree is formed using the words «more» and «less». They just need to be put before the adjective.
How to form a comparative superlative degree in English
To use superlatives, two objects are not enough. Three is the minimum.
- We add the ending “est” to adjectives with one syllable;
- An adjective of 3 or more syllables is used together with «most» and «least».
As you can see, this topic seems completely uncomplicated. In reality, there are a lot of nuances and pitfalls, for example — words exclusion of adjectives in English… Once again, we note the fact that if this topic is difficult to learn, then it is better to take a few lessons from a professional teacher!
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Formation of adjectives by adding a postfix to the verb
When we use postfixes, we enrich the semantics of the English language, making it diverse. This especially applies to the formation of adjectives. Several types of postfixes can be added to the verb stem. Some of them carry a certain meaning.
-able | The ability of the subject to perform any action matters |
-ible | |
-ant | Indicate that an item has a given characteristic or property |
-ent | |
-ive |
It is worth noting that the verb stem does not always remain in its initial form and may change when a postfix is added. So, if a verb ends in -y, then the formation of an adjective, it will change to -i. And the final letter -e, as a rule, is not readable and is simply omitted when adding a postfix.
Considering these exceptions, it is important to remember the postfixes disappear, leaving the root of the word. This also applies to the word appreciate. In this case, to form an adjective, replace -ate with-able. Look closely at the table with examples.
relay | Rely on someone | Reliable Website, Good Products. Customer Testimonial | Reliable, trustworthy |
Combine | Combine, combine, combine | Combinable | Connecting, combinable, combinable |
reverse | Wrap, turn | Reversible | Reversible |
Convert | Convert, modify | Convertible | Changeable, convertible, reversible |
resist | Resist, resist | resistant | Provide resistance, hardy |
it depends | Depend | Dependent | Conditioned, subordinate, dependent |
Progress | Make progress, get ahead | Progressive | Perspective, progressive, progressive |
Effect | Influence | Effective | Effective, efficient, efficient |
appreciate | appreciate, admit | Appreciable | Significant, tangible, substantial |
Consider these adjectives in sentences
I’m sure he is a reliable man, I know him for a long time. | I am sure he is a reliable person, I have known him for a long time. |
She says these colors are combinable. | She says these colors are compatible. |
She is dependent on her mother’s opinion. | She is dependent on her mother’s opinion. |
It is one of the most effective ways to solve the problem. | This is one of the most effective ways to solve the problem. |
I worked hard, it was a really progressive month. | I worked hard, it was a really progressive month. |
The climate of our planet is changing and it isn’t a reversible process. | The climate on our planet is changing and this is an irreversible process. |
His help to the company is very appreciable. | His help to the company has been very significant. |
Source: https://englishfun.ru/grammatika/obrazovanie-prilagatelnyh-v-anglijskom-yazyke