Academic reading word list

Headword    Sublist    Related word forms    analyse 1 analysed, analyser, analysers, analyses, analysing, analysis, analyst, analysts, analytic, analytical, analytically, analyze, analyzed, analyzes, analyzing approach 1 approachable, approached, approaches, approaching, unapproachable area 1 areas assess 1 assessable, assessed, assesses, assessing, assessment, assessments, reassess, reassessed, reassessing, reassessment, unassessed assume 1 assumed, assumes, assuming, assumption, assumptions authority 1 authoritative, authorities available 1 availability, unavailable benefit 1 beneficial, beneficiaries, beneficiary, benefited, benefiting, benefits concept 1 conception, concepts, conceptual, conceptualisation, conceptualise, conceptualised, conceptualises, conceptualising, conceptually consist 1 consisted, consistency, consistent, consistently, consisting, consists, inconsistencies, inconsistency, inconsistent constitute 1 constituencies, constituency, constituent, constituents, constituted, constitutes, constituting, constitution, constitutional, constitutionally, constitutions, constitutive, unconstitutional context 1 contexts, contextual, contextualise, contextualised, contextualising, contextualize, contextualized, contextualizing, uncontextualised, uncontextualized contract 1 contracted, contracting, contractor, contractors, contracts create 1 created, creates, creating, creation, creations, creative, creatively, creativity, creator, creators, recreate, recreated, recreates, recreating data 1 define 1 definable, defined, defines, defining, definition, definitions, redefine, redefined, redefines, redefining, undefined derive 1 derivation, derivations, derivative, derivatives, derived, derives, deriving distribute 1 distributed, distributing, distribution, distributional, distributions, distributive, distributor, distributors, redistribute, redistributed, redistributes, redistributing, redistribution economy 1 economic, economical, economically, economics, economies, economist, economists, uneconomical environment 1 environmental, environmentalist, environmentalists, environmentally, environments establish 1 disestablish, disestablished, disestablishes, disestablishing, disestablishment, established, establishes, establishing, establishment, establishments estimate 1 estimated, estimates, estimating, estimation, estimations, over-estimate, overestimate, overestimated, overestimates, overestimating, underestimate, underestimated, underestimates, underestimating evident 1 evidence, evidenced, evidential, evidently export 1 exported, exporter, exporters, exporting, exports factor 1 factored, factoring, factors finance 1 financed, finances, financial, financially, financier, financiers, financing formula 1 formulae, formulas, formulate, formulated, formulating, formulation, formulations, reformulate, reformulated, reformulating, reformulation, reformulations function 1 functional, functionally, functioned, functioning, functions identify 1 identifiable, identification, identified, identifies, identifying, identities, identity, unidentifiable income 1 incomes indicate 1 indicated, indicates, indicating, indication, indications, indicative, indicator, indicators individual 1 individualised, individualism, individualist, individualistic, individualists, individuality, individually, individuals interpret 1 interpretation, interpretations, interpretative, interpreted, interpreting, interpretive, interprets, misinterpret, misinterpretation, misinterpretations, misinterpreted, misinterpreting, misinterprets, reinterpret, reinterpretation, reinterpretations, reinterpreted, reinterpreting, reinterprets involve 1 involved, involvement, involves, involving, uninvolved issue 1 issued, issues, issuing labour 1 labor, labored, labors, laboured, labouring, labours legal 1 illegal, illegality, illegally, legality, legally legislate 1 legislated, legislates, legislating, legislation, legislative, legislator, legislators, legislature major 1 majorities, majority method 1 methodical, methodological, methodologies, methodology, methods occur 1 occurred, occurrence, occurrences, occurring, occurs, reoccur, reoccurred, reoccurring, reoccurs percent 1 percentage, percentages period 1 periodic, periodical, periodically, periodicals, periods policy 1 policies principle 1 principled, principles, unprincipled proceed 1 procedural, procedure, procedures, proceeded, proceeding, proceedings, proceeds process 1 processed, processes, processing require 1 required, requirement, requirements, requires, requiring research 1 researched, researcher, researchers, researches, researching respond 1 responded, respondent, respondents, responding, responds, response, responses, responsive, responsiveness, unresponsive role 1 roles section 1 sectioned, sectioning, sections sector 1 sectors significant 1 insignificant, insignificantly, significance, significantly, signified, signifies, signify, signifying similar 1 dissimilar, similarities, similarity, similarly source 1 sourced, sources, sourcing specific 1 specifically, specification, specifications, specificity, specifics structure 1 restructure, restructured, restructures, restructuring, structural, structurally, structured, structures, structuring, unstructured theory 1 theoretical, theoretically, theories, theorist, theorists vary 1 invariable, invariably, variability, variable, variables, variably, variance, variant, variants, variation, variations, varied, varies, varying achieve 2 achievable, achieved, achievement, achievements, achieves, achieving acquire 2 acquired, acquires, acquiring, acquisition, acquisitions administrate 2 administrates, administration, administrations, administrative, administratively, administrator, administrators affect 2 affected, affecting, affective, affectively, affects, unaffected appropriate 2 appropriacy, appropriately, appropriateness, inappropriacy, inappropriate, inappropriately aspect 2 aspects assist 2 assistance, assistant, assistants, assisted, assisting, assists, unassisted category 2 categories, categorisation, categorise, categorised, categorises, categorising, categorization, categorized, categorizes, categorizing chapter 2 chapters commission 2 commissioned, commissioner, commissioners, commissioning, commissions community 2 communities complex 2 complexities, complexity compute 2 computable, computation, computational, computations, computed, computer, computerised, computers, computing conclude 2 concluded, concludes, concluding, conclusion, conclusions, conclusive, conclusively, inconclusive, inconclusively conduct 2 conducted, conducting, conducts consequent 2 consequence, consequences, consequently construct 2 constructed, constructing, construction, constructions, constructive, constructs, reconstruct, reconstructed, reconstructing, reconstruction, reconstructs consume 2 consumed, consumer, consumers, consumes, consuming, consumption credit 2 credited, crediting, creditor, creditors, credits culture 2 cultural, culturally, cultured, cultures, uncultured design 2 designed, designer, designers, designing, designs distinct 2 distinction, distinctions, distinctive, distinctively, distinctly, indistinct, indistinctly element 2 elements equate 2 equated, equates, equating, equation, equations evaluate 2 evaluated, evaluates, evaluating, evaluation, evaluations, evaluative, re-evaluate, re-evaluated, re-evaluates, re-evaluating, re-evaluation feature 2 featured, features, featuring final 2 finalise, finalised, finalises, finalising, finality, finalize, finalized, finalizes, finalizing, finally, finals focus 2 focused, focuses, focusing, focussed, focussing, refocus, refocused, refocuses, refocusing, refocussed, refocusses, refocussing impact 2 impacted, impacting, impacts injure 2 injured, injures, injuries, injuring, injury, uninjured institute 2 instituted, institutes, instituting, institution, institutional, institutionalise, institutionalised, institutionalises, institutionalising, institutionalized, institutionalizes, institutionalizing, institutionally, institutions invest 2 invested, investing, investment, investments, investor, investors, invests, reinvest, reinvested, reinvesting, reinvestment, reinvests item 2 itemisation, itemise, itemised, itemises, itemising, items journal 2 journals maintain 2 maintained, maintaining, maintains, maintenance normal 2 abnormal, abnormally, normalisation, normalise, normalised, normalises, normalising, normality, normalization, normalize, normalized, normalizes, normalizing, normally obtain 2 obtainable, obtained, obtaining, obtains, unobtainable participate 2 participant, participants, participated, participates, participating, participation, participatory perceive 2 perceived, perceives, perceiving, perception, perceptions positive 2 positively potential 2 potentially previous 2 previously primary 2 primarily purchase 2 purchased, purchaser, purchasers, purchases, purchasing range 2 ranged, ranges, ranging region 2 regional, regionally, regions regulate 2 deregulated, deregulates, deregulating, deregulation, regulated, regulates, regulating, regulation, regulations, regulator, regulators, regulatory, unregulated relevant 2 irrelevance, irrelevant, relevance reside 2 resided, residence, resident, residential, residents, resides, residing resource 2 resourced, resourceful, resources, resourcing, under-resourced, unresourceful restrict 2 restricted, restricting, restriction, restrictions, restrictive, restrictively, restricts, unrestricted, unrestrictive secure 2 insecure, insecurities, insecurity, secured, securely, secures, securing, securities, security seek 2 seeking, seeks, sought select 2 selected, selecting, selection, selections, selective, selectively, selector, selectors, selects site 2 sites strategy 2 strategic, strategically, strategies, strategist, strategists survey 2 surveyed, surveying, surveys text 2 texts, textual tradition 2 non-traditional, traditional, traditionalist, traditionally, traditions transfer 2 transferable, transference, transferred, transferring, transfers alternative 3 alternatively, alternatives circumstance 3 circumstances comment 3 commentaries, commentary, commentator, commentators, commented, commenting, comments compensate 3 compensated, compensates, compensating, compensation, compensations, compensatory component 3 componentry, components consent 3 consensus, consented, consenting, consents considerable 3 considerably constant 3 constancy, constantly, constants, inconstancy, inconstantly constrain 3 constrained, constraining, constrains, constraint, constraints, unconstrained contribute 3 contributed, contributes, contributing, contribution, contributions, contributor, contributors convene 3 convened, convenes, convening, convention, conventional, conventionally, conventions, unconventional coordinate 3 co-ordinate, co-ordinated, co-ordinates, co-ordinating, co-ordination, co-ordinator, co-ordinators, coordinated, coordinates, coordinating, coordination, coordinator, coordinators core 3 cored, cores, coring corporate 3 corporates, corporation, corporations correspond 3 corresponded, correspondence, corresponding, correspondingly, corresponds criteria 3 criterion deduce 3 deduced, deduces, deducing, deduction, deductions demonstrate 3 demonstrable, demonstrably, demonstrated, demonstrates, demonstrating, demonstration, demonstrations, demonstrative, demonstratively, demonstrator, demonstrators document 3 documentation, documented, documenting, documents dominate 3 dominance, dominant, dominated, dominates, dominating, domination emphasis 3 emphasise, emphasised, emphasising, emphasize, emphasized, emphasizes, emphasizing, emphatic, emphatically ensure 3 ensured, ensures, ensuring exclude 3 excluded, excludes, excluding, exclusion, exclusionary, exclusionist, exclusions, exclusive, exclusively framework 3 frameworks fund 3 funded, funder, funders, funding, funds illustrate 3 illustrated, illustrates, illustrating, illustration, illustrations, illustrative immigrate 3 immigrant, immigrants, immigrated, immigrates, immigrating, immigration imply 3 implied, implies, implying initial 3 initially instance 3 instances interact 3 interacted, interacting, interaction, interactions, interactive, interactively, interacts justify 3 justifiable, justifiably, justification, justifications, justified, justifies, justifying, unjustified layer 3 layered, layering, layers link 3 linkage, linkages, linked, linking, links locate 3 located, locating, location, locations, relocate, relocated, relocates, relocating, relocation maximise 3 max, maximisation, maximised, maximises, maximising, maximization, maximize, maximized, maximizes, maximizing, maximum minor 3 minorities, minority, minors negate 3 negated, negates, negating, negative, negatively, negatives outcome 3 outcomes partner 3 partners, partnership, partnerships philosophy 3 philosopher, philosophers, philosophical, philosophically, philosophies, philosophise, philosophised, philosophises, philosophising, philosophize, philosophized, philosophizes, philosophizing physical 3 physically proportion 3 disproportion, disproportionate, disproportionately, proportional, proportionally, proportionate, proportionately, proportions publish 3 published, publisher, publishers, publishes, publishing, unpublished react 3 reacted, reacting, reaction, reactionaries, reactionary, reactions, reactivate, reactivation, reactive, reactor, reactors, reacts register 3 deregister, deregistered, deregistering, deregisters, deregistration, registered, registering, registers, registration rely 3 reliability, reliable, reliably, reliance, reliant, relied, relies, relying, unreliable remove 3 removable, removal, removals, removed, removes, removing scheme 3 schematic, schematically, schemed, schemes, scheming sequence 3 sequenced, sequences, sequencing, sequential, sequentially sex 3 sexes, sexism, sexual, sexuality, sexually shift 3 shifted, shifting, shifts specify 3 specifiable, specified, specifies, specifying, unspecified sufficient 3 insufficient, insufficiently, sufficiency, sufficiently task 3 tasks technical 3 technically technique 3 techniques technology 3 technological, technologically valid 3 invalidate, invalidity, validate, validated, validating, validation, validity, validly volume 3 volumes access 4 accessed, accesses, accessibility, accessible, accessing, inaccessible adequate 4 adequacy, adequately, inadequacies, inadequacy, inadequate, inadequately annual 4 annually apparent 4 apparently approximate 4 approximated, approximately, approximates, approximating, approximation, approximations attitude 4 attitudes attribute 4 attributable, attributed, attributes, attributing, attribution civil 4 code 4 coded, codes, coding commit 4 commitment, commitments, commits, committed, committing communicate 4 communicable, communicated, communicates, communicating, communication, communications, communicative, communicatively, uncommunicative concentrate 4 concentrated, concentrates, concentrating, concentration confer 4 conference, conferences, conferred, conferring, confers contrast 4 contrasted, contrasting, contrastive, contrasts cycle 4 cycled, cycles, cyclic, cyclical, cycling debate 4 debatable, debated, debates, debating despite 4 dimension 4 dimensional, dimensions, multidimensional domestic 4 domestically, domesticate, domesticated, domesticating, domestics emerge 4 emerged, emergence, emergent, emerges, emerging error 4 erroneous, erroneously, errors ethnic 4 ethnicity goal 4 goals grant 4 granted, granting, grants hence 4 hypothesis 4 hypotheses, hypothesise, hypothesised, hypothesises, hypothesising, hypothesize, hypothesized, hypothesizes, hypothesizing, hypothetical, hypothetically implement 4 implementation, implemented, implementing, implements implicate 4 implicated, implicates, implicating, implication, implications impose 4 imposed, imposes, imposing, imposition integrate 4 integrated, integrates, integrating, integration internal 4 internalise, internalised, internalises, internalising, internalize, internalized, internalizes, internalizing, internally investigate 4 investigated, investigates, investigating, investigation, investigations, investigative, investigator, investigators job 4 jobs label 4 labeled, labeling, labelled, labelling, labels mechanism 4 mechanisms obvious 4 obviously occupy 4 occupancy, occupant, occupants, occupation, occupational, occupations, occupied, occupier, occupiers, occupies, occupying option 4 optional, options output 4 outputs overall 4 parallel 4 paralleled, parallelled, parallelling, parallels, unparalleled parameter 4 parameters phase 4 phased, phases, phasing predict 4 predictability, predictable, predictably, predicted, predicting, prediction, predictions, predicts, unpredictability, unpredictable principal 4 principally prior 4 professional 4 professionalism, professionally, professionals project 4 projected, projecting, projection, projections, projects promote 4 promoted, promoter, promoters, promotes, promoting, promotion, promotions regime 4 regimes resolve 4 resolution, resolved, resolves, resolving, unresolved retain 4 retained, retainer, retainers, retaining, retains, retention, retentive series 4 statistic 4 statistical, statistically, statistician, statisticians, statistics status 4 stress 4 stressed, stresses, stressful, stressing, unstressed subsequent 4 subsequently sum 4 summation, summed, summing, sums summary 4 summaries, summarisation, summarisations, summarise, summarised, summarises, summarising, summarization, summarizations, summarize, summarized, summarizes, summarizing undertake 4 undertaken, undertakes, undertaking, undertook academy 5 academia, academic, academically, academics, academies adjust 5 adjusted, adjusting, adjustment, adjustments, adjusts, readjust, readjusted, readjusting, readjustment, readjustments, readjusts alter 5 alterable, alteration, alterations, altered, altering, alternate, alternating, alters, unalterable, unaltered amend 5 amended, amending, amendment, amendments, amends aware 5 awareness, unaware capacity 5 capacities, incapacitate, incapacitated challenge 5 challenged, challenger, challengers, challenges, challenging clause 5 clauses compound 5 compounded, compounding, compounds conflict 5 conflicted, conflicting, conflicts consult 5 consultancy, consultant, consultants, consultation, consultations, consultative, consulted, consulting, consults contact 5 contactable, contacted, contacting, contacts decline 5 declined, declines, declining discrete 5 discretely, discretion, discretionary, indiscrete, indiscretion draft 5 drafted, drafting, drafts, redraft, redrafted, redrafting, redrafts enable 5 enabled, enables, enabling energy 5 energetic, energetically, energies enforce 5 enforced, enforcement, enforces, enforcing entity 5 entities equivalent 5 equivalence evolve 5 evolution, evolutionary, evolutionist, evolutionists, evolved, evolves, evolving expand 5 expanded, expanding, expands, expansion, expansionism, expansive expose 5 exposed, exposes, exposing, exposure, exposures external 5 externalisation, externalise, externalised, externalises, externalising, externality, externalization, externalize, externalized, externalizes, externalizing, externally facilitate 5 facilitated, facilitates, facilitating, facilitation, facilitator, facilitators, facilities, facility fundamental 5 fundamentally generate 5 generated, generates, generating generation 5 generations image 5 imagery, images liberal 5 liberalisation, liberalise, liberalised, liberalises, liberalising, liberalism, liberalization, liberalize, liberalized, liberalizes, liberalizing, liberally, liberate, liberated, liberates, liberating, liberation, liberations, liberator, liberators licence 5 licences, license, licensed, licenses, licensing, unlicensed logic 5 illogical, illogically, logical, logically, logician, logicians margin 5 marginal, marginally, margins medical 5 medically mental 5 mentality, mentally modify 5 modification, modifications, modified, modifies, modifying, unmodified monitor 5 monitored, monitoring, monitors, unmonitored network 5 networked, networking, networks notion 5 notions objective 5 objectively, objectivity orient 5 orientate, orientated, orientates, orientating, orientation, oriented, orienting, orients, reorient, reorientation perspective 5 perspectives precise 5 imprecise, precisely, precision prime 5 primacy psychology 5 psychological, psychologically, psychologist, psychologists pursue 5 pursued, pursues, pursuing, pursuit, pursuits ratio 5 ratios reject 5 rejected, rejecting, rejection, rejections, rejects revenue 5 revenues stable 5 instability, stabilisation, stabilise, stabilised, stabilises, stabilising, stability, stabilization, stabilize, stabilized, stabilizes, stabilizing, unstable style 5 styled, styles, styling, stylise, stylised, stylises, stylish, stylising, stylize, stylized, stylizes, stylizing substitute 5 substituted, substitutes, substituting, substitution sustain 5 sustainability, sustainable, sustained, sustaining, sustains, sustenance, unsustainable symbol 5 symbolic, symbolically, symbolise, symbolised, symbolises, symbolising, symbolism, symbolize, symbolized, symbolizes, symbolizing, symbols target 5 targeted, targeting, targets transit 5 transited, transiting, transition, transitional, transitions, transitory, transits trend 5 trends version 5 versions welfare 5 whereas 5 abstract 6 abstraction, abstractions, abstractly, abstracts accurate 6 accuracy, accurately, inaccuracies, inaccuracy, inaccurate acknowledge 6 acknowledged, acknowledgement, acknowledgements, acknowledges, acknowledging aggregate 6 aggregated, aggregates, aggregating, aggregation allocate 6 allocated, allocates, allocating, allocation, allocations assign 6 assigned, assigning, assignment, assignments, assigns, reassign, reassigned, reassigning, reassigns, unassigned attach 6 attached, attaches, attaching, attachment, attachments, unattached author 6 authored, authoring, authors, authorship bond 6 bonded, bonding, bonds brief 6 brevity, briefed, briefing, briefly, briefs capable 6 capabilities, capability, incapable cite 6 citation, citations, cited, cites, citing cooperate 6 co-operate, co-operated, co-operates, co-operation, co-operative, co-operatively, cooperated, cooperates, cooperating, cooperation, cooperative, cooperatively discriminate 6 discriminated, discriminates, discriminating, discrimination display 6 displayed, displaying, displays diverse 6 diversely, diversification, diversified, diversifies, diversify, diversifying, diversity domain 6 domains edit 6 edited, editing, edition, editions, editor, editorial, editorials, editors, edits enhance 6 enhanced, enhancement, enhances, enhancing estate 6 estates exceed 6 exceeded, exceeding, exceeds expert 6 expertise, expertly, experts explicit 6 explicitly federal 6 federation, federations fee 6 fees flexible 6 flexibility, inflexibility, inflexible furthermore 6 gender 6 genders ignorant 6 ignorance, ignore, ignored, ignores, ignoring incentive 6 incentives incidence 6 incident, incidentally, incidents incorporate 6 incorporated, incorporates, incorporating, incorporation index 6 indexed, indexes, indexing inhibit 6 inhibited, inhibiting, inhibition, inhibitions, inhibits initiate 6 initiated, initiates, initiating, initiation, initiations, initiative, initiatives, initiator, initiators input 6 inputs instruct 6 instructed, instructing, instruction, instructions, instructive, instructor, instructors, instructs intelligent 6 intelligence, intelligently, unintelligent interval 6 intervals lecture 6 lectured, lecturer, lecturers, lectures, lecturing migrate 6 migrant, migrants, migrated, migrates, migrating, migration, migrations, migratory minimum 6 ministry 6 ministered, ministerial, ministering, ministries motive 6 motivate, motivated, motivates, motivating, motivation, motivations, motives, unmotivated neutral 6 neutralisation, neutralise, neutralised, neutralises, neutralising, neutrality, neutralization, neutralize, neutralized, neutralizes, neutralizing nevertheless 6 overseas 6 precede 6 preceded, precedence, precedent, precedes, preceding, unprecedented presume 6 presumably, presumed, presumes, presuming, presumption, presumptions, presumptuous rational 6 irrational, rationalisation, rationalisations, rationalise, rationalised, rationalises, rationalising, rationalism, rationality, rationalization, rationalizations, rationalize, rationalized, rationalizes, rationally recover 6 recoverable, recovered, recovering, recovers, recovery reveal 6 revealed, revealing, reveals, revelation, revelations scope 6 subsidy 6 subsidiary, subsidies, subsidise, subsidised, subsidises, subsidising, subsidize, subsidized, subsidizes, subsidizing tape 6 taped, tapes, taping trace 6 traceable, traced, traces, tracing transform 6 transformation, transformations, transformed, transforming, transforms transport 6 transportation, transported, transporter, transporters, transporting, transports underlie 6 underlay, underlies, underlying utilise 6 utilisation, utilised, utiliser, utilisers, utilises, utilising, utilities, utility, utilization, utilize, utilized, utilizes, utilizing adapt 7 adaptability, adaptable, adaptation, adaptations, adapted, adapting, adaptive, adapts adult 7 adulthood, adults advocate 7 advocacy, advocated, advocates, advocating aid 7 aided, aiding, aids, unaided channel 7 channelled, channelling, channels chemical 7 chemically, chemicals classic 7 classical, classics comprehensive 7 comprehensively comprise 7 comprised, comprises, comprising confirm 7 confirmation, confirmed, confirming, confirms contrary 7 contrarily convert 7 conversion, conversions, converted, convertible, converting, converts couple 7 coupled, couples, coupling decade 7 decades definite 7 definitely, definitive, indefinite, indefinitely deny 7 deniable, denial, denials, denied, denies, denying, undeniable differentiate 7 differentiated, differentiates, differentiating, differentiation dispose 7 disposable, disposal, disposed, disposes, disposing dynamic 7 dynamically, dynamics eliminate 7 eliminated, eliminates, eliminating, elimination empirical 7 empirically, empiricism equip 7 equipment, equipped, equipping, equips extract 7 extracted, extracting, extraction, extracts file 7 filed, files, filing finite 7 infinite, infinitely foundation 7 foundations globe 7 global, globalisation, globalization, globally grade 7 graded, grades, grading guarantee 7 guaranteed, guaranteeing, guarantees hierarchy 7 hierarchical, hierarchies identical 7 identically ideology 7 ideological, ideologically, ideologies infer 7 inference, inferences, inferred, inferring, infers innovate 7 innovated, innovates, innovating, innovation, innovations, innovative, innovator, innovators insert 7 inserted, inserting, insertion, inserts intervene 7 intervened, intervenes, intervening, intervention, interventions isolate 7 isolated, isolates, isolating, isolation, isolationism media 7 mode 7 modes paradigm 7 paradigms phenomenon 7 phenomena, phenomenal priority 7 priorities, prioritisation, prioritise, prioritised, prioritises, prioritising, prioritization, prioritize, prioritized, prioritizes, prioritizing prohibit 7 prohibited, prohibiting, prohibition, prohibitions, prohibitive, prohibits publication 7 publications quote 7 quotation, quotations, quoted, quotes, quoting release 7 released, releases, releasing reverse 7 irreversible, reversal, reversals, reversed, reverses, reversible, reversing simulate 7 simulated, simulates, simulating, simulation sole 7 solely somewhat 7 submit 7 submission, submissions, submits, submitted, submitting successor 7 succession, successions, successive, successively, successors survive 7 survival, survived, survives, surviving, survivor, survivors thesis 7 theses topic 7 topical, topics transmit 7 transmission, transmissions, transmits, transmitted, transmitting ultimate 7 ultimately unique 7 uniquely, uniqueness visible 7 invisibility, invisible, visibility, visibly voluntary 7 voluntarily, volunteer, volunteered, volunteering, volunteers abandon 8 abandoned, abandoning, abandonment, abandons accompany 8 accompanied, accompanies, accompaniment, accompanying, unaccompanied accumulate 8 accumulated, accumulates, accumulating, accumulation ambiguous 8 ambiguities, ambiguity, unambiguous, unambiguously append 8 appended, appendices, appending, appendix, appendixes, appends appreciate 8 appreciable, appreciably, appreciated, appreciates, appreciating, appreciation, unappreciated arbitrary 8 arbitrarily, arbitrariness automate 8 automated, automates, automatic, automatically, automating, automation bias 8 biased, biases, biasing, unbiased chart 8 charted, charting, charts, uncharted clarify 8 clarification, clarified, clarifies, clarifying, clarity commodity 8 commodities complement 8 complementary, complemented, complementing, complements conform 8 conformability, conformable, conformance, conformation, conformed, conforming, conformist, conformists, conformity, conforms, non-conformist, non-conformists, non-conformity, nonconformist, nonconformists, nonconformity contemporary 8 contemporaries contradict 8 contradicted, contradicting, contradiction, contradictions, contradictory, contradicts crucial 8 crucially currency 8 currencies denote 8 denotation, denotations, denoted, denotes, denoting detect 8 detectable, detected, detecting, detection, detective, detectives, detector, detectors, detects deviate 8 deviated, deviates, deviating, deviation, deviations displace 8 displaced, displacement, displaces, displacing drama 8 dramas, dramatic, dramatically, dramatisation, dramatisations, dramatise, dramatised, dramatises, dramatising, dramatist, dramatists, dramatization, dramatizations, dramatize, dramatized, dramatizes, dramatizing eventual 8 eventuality, eventually exhibit 8 exhibited, exhibiting, exhibition, exhibitions, exhibits exploit 8 exploitation, exploited, exploiting, exploits fluctuate 8 fluctuated, fluctuates, fluctuating, fluctuation, fluctuations guideline 8 guidelines highlight 8 highlighted, highlighting, highlights implicit 8 implicitly induce 8 induced, induces, inducing, induction inevitable 8 inevitability, inevitably infrastructure 8 infrastructures inspect 8 inspected, inspecting, inspection, inspections, inspector, inspectors, inspects intense 8 intensely, intenseness, intensification, intensified, intensifies, intensify, intensifying, intension, intensity, intensive, intensively manipulate 8 manipulated, manipulates, manipulating, manipulation, manipulations, manipulative minimise 8 minimised, minimises, minimising, minimize, minimized, minimizes, minimizing nuclear 8 offset 8 offsets, offsetting paragraph 8 paragraphing, paragraphs plus 8 pluses practitioner 8 practitioners predominant 8 predominance, predominantly, predominate, predominated, predominates, predominating prospect 8 prospective, prospects radical 8 radically, radicals random 8 randomly, randomness reinforce 8 reinforced, reinforcement, reinforcements, reinforces, reinforcing restore 8 restoration, restored, restores, restoring revise 8 revised, revises, revising, revision, revisions schedule 8 reschedule, rescheduled, reschedules, rescheduling, scheduled, schedules, scheduling, unscheduled tense 8 tensely, tenser, tensest, tension, tensions terminate 8 terminal, terminals, terminated, terminates, terminating, termination, terminations theme 8 thematic, thematically, themes thereby 8 uniform 8 uniformity, uniformly vehicle 8 vehicles via 8 virtual 8 virtually visual 8 visualisation, visualise, visualised, visualising, visualization, visualize, visualized, visualizing, visually widespread 8 accommodate 9 accommodated, accommodates, accommodating, accommodation analogy 9 analogies, analogous anticipate 9 anticipated, anticipates, anticipating, anticipation, unanticipated assure 9 assurance, assurances, assured, assuredly, assures, assuring attain 9 attainable, attained, attaining, attainment, attainments, attains, unattainable behalf 9 bulk 9 bulky cease 9 ceased, ceaseless, ceases, ceasing coherent 9 coherence, coherently, incoherent, incoherently coincide 9 coincided, coincidence, coincidences, coincident, coincidental, coincides, coinciding commence 9 commenced, commencement, commences, commencing, recommenced, recommences, recommencing compatible 9 compatibility, incompatibility, incompatible concurrent 9 concurrently confine 9 confined, confines, confining, unconfined controversy 9 controversial, controversially, controversies, uncontroversial converse 9 conversely device 9 devices devote 9 devoted, devotedly, devotes, devoting, devotion, devotions diminish 9 diminished, diminishes, diminishing, diminution, undiminished distort 9 distorted, distorting, distortion, distortions, distorts duration 9 erode 9 eroded, erodes, eroding, erosion ethic 9 ethical, ethically, ethics, unethical format 9 formats, formatted, formatting found 9 founded, founder, founders, founding, unfounded inherent 9 inherently insight 9 insightful, insights integral 9 intermediate 9 manual 9 manually, manuals mature 9 immature, immaturity, maturation, maturational, matured, matures, maturing, maturity mediate 9 mediated, mediates, mediating, mediation medium 9 military 9 minimal 9 minimalisation, minimalise, minimalised, minimalises, minimalising, minimalist, minimalistic, minimalists, minimalization, minimalize, minimalized, minimalizes, minimalizing, minimally mutual 9 mutually norm 9 norms overlap 9 overlapped, overlapping, overlaps passive 9 passively, passivity portion 9 portions preliminary 9 preliminaries protocol 9 protocols qualitative 9 qualitatively refine 9 refined, refinement, refinements, refines, refining relax 9 relaxation, relaxed, relaxes, relaxing restrain 9 restrained, restraining, restrains, restraint, restraints, unrestrained revolution 9 revolutionaries, revolutionary, revolutionise, revolutionised, revolutionises, revolutionising, revolutionist, revolutionists, revolutionize, revolutionized, revolutionizes, revolutionizing, revolutions rigid 9 rigidities, rigidity, rigidly route 9 routed, routes, routing scenario 9 scenarios sphere 9 spheres, spherical, spherically subordinate 9 subordinates, subordination supplement 9 supplementary, supplemented, supplementing, supplements suspend 9 suspended, suspending, suspends, suspension team 9 teamed, teaming, teams temporary 9 temporarily trigger 9 triggered, triggering, triggers unify 9 unification, unified, unifies, unifying violate 9 violated, violates, violating, violation, violations vision 9 visions adjacent 10 albeit 10 assemble 10 assembled, assembles, assemblies, assembling, assembly collapse 10 collapsed, collapses, collapsible, collapsing colleague 10 colleagues compile 10 compilation, compilations, compiled, compiles, compiling conceive 10 conceivable, conceivably, conceived, conceives, conceiving, inconceivable, inconceivably convince 10 convinced, convinces, convincing, convincingly, unconvinced depress 10 depressed, depresses, depressing, depression encounter 10 encountered, encountering, encounters enormous 10 enormity, enormously forthcoming 10 incline 10 inclination, inclinations, inclined, inclines, inclining integrity 10 intrinsic 10 intrinsically invoke 10 invoked, invokes, invoking levy 10 levies likewise 10 nonetheless 10 notwithstanding 10 odd 10 odds ongoing 10 panel 10 panelled, panelling, panels persist 10 persisted, persistence, persistent, persistently, persisting, persists pose 10 posed, poses, posing reluctance 10 reluctant, reluctantly so-called 10 straightforward 10 undergo 10 undergoes, undergoing, undergone, underwent whereby 10

Sublist 1

sector • available • financial • process • individual • specific • principle • estimate • variables • method • data • research • contract • environment • export • source • assessment • policy •identified • create • derived • factors • procedure • definition • assume • theory • benefit • evidence • established • authority • major • issues • labour • occur • economic • involved • percent• interpretation • consistent • income • structure • legal • concept • formula • section • required • constitutional • analysis • distribution • function • area • approach • role • legislation •indicate • response • period • context • significant • similar •

Sublist 2

community • resident • range • construction • strategies • elements • previous • conclusion • security • aspects • acquisition • features • text • commission • regulations • computer • items• consumer • achieve • final • positive • evaluation • assistance • normal • relevant • distinction • region • traditional • impact • consequences • chapter • equation • appropriate • resources •participation • survey • potential • cultural • transfer • select •credit • affect • categories • perceived • sought • focus • purchase • injury • site • journal • primary • complex • institute •investment • administration • maintenance • design • obtained • restricted • conduct

Sublist 3

comments • convention • published • framework • implies • negative • dominant • illustrated • outcomes • constant • shift • deduction • ensure • specified • justification • funds • reliance •physical • partnership • location • link • coordination • alternative • initial • validity • task • techniques • excluded • consent • proportion • demonstrate • reaction • criteria • minorities •technology • philosophy • removed • sex • compensation • sequence • corresponding • maximum • circumstances • instance • considerable • sufficient • corporate • interaction •contribution • immigration • component • constraints • technical • emphasis • scheme • layer • volume • document • registered • core •

Sublist 4

overall • emerged • regime • implementation • project • hence • occupational • internal • goals • retained • sum • integration • mechanism • parallel • imposed • despite • job • parameters •approximate • label • concentration • principal • series • predicted • summary • attitudes • undertaken • cycle • communication • ethnic • hypothesis • professional • status • conference •attributed • annual • obvious • error • implications • apparent • commitment • subsequent • debate • dimensions • promote • statistics • option • domestic • output • access • code •investigation • phase • prior • granted • stress • civil • contrast • resolution • adequate •

Sublist 5

alter • stability • energy • aware • licence • enforcement • draft • styles • precise • medical • pursue • symbolic • marginal • capacity • generation • exposure • decline • academic • modified• external • psychology • fundamental • adjustment • ratio • whereas • enable • version • perspective • contact • network • facilitate • welfare • transition • amendment • logic • rejected •expansion • clause • prime • target • objective • sustainable • equivalent • liberal • notion • substitution • generated • trend • revenue • compounds • evolution • conflict • image • discretion •entities • orientation • consultation • mental • monitoring • challenge •

Sublist 6

intelligence • transformation • presumption • acknowledged • utility • furthermore • accurate • diversity • attached • recovery • assigned • tapes • motivation • bond • edition • nevertheless •transport • cited • fees • scope • enhanced • incorporated • instructions • subsidiary • input • abstract • ministry • capable • expert • preceding • display • incentive • inhibition • trace •ignored • incidence • estate • cooperative • revealed • index • lecture • discrimination • overseas • explicit • aggregate • gender • underlying • brief • domain • rational • minimum • interval •neutral • migration • flexibility • federal • author • initiatives • allocation • exceed •

Sublist 7

intervention • confirmed • definite • classical • chemical • voluntary • release • visible • finite • publication • channel • file • thesis • equipment • disposal • solely • deny • identical • submitted • grade • phenomenon • paradigm • ultimately • extract • survive • converted •  transmission • global • inferred • guarantee • advocate • dynamic • simulation • topic • insert •reverse • decades • comprise • hierarchical • unique • comprehensive • couple • mode • differentiation • eliminate • priority • empirical • ideology • somewhat • aid • foundation • adults •adaptation • quotation • contrary • media • successive • innovation • prohibited • isolated •

Sublist 8

highlighted • eventually • inspection • termination • displacement • arbitrary • reinforced • denote • offset • exploitation • detected • abandon • random • revision • virtually • uniform •predominantly • thereby • implicit • tension • ambiguous • vehicle • clarity • conformity • contemporary • automatically • accumulation • appendix • widespread • infrastructure • deviation •fluctuations • restore • guidelines • commodity • minimises •practitioners • radical • plus • visual • chart • appreciation • prospect • dramatic • contradiction • currency • inevitably •complement • accompany • paragraph • induced • schedule • intensity • crucial • via • exhibit • bias • manipulation • theme • nuclear •

Sublist 9

bulk • behalf • unified • commenced • erosion • anticipated • minimal • ceases • vision • mutual • norms • intermediate • manual • supplementary • incompatible • concurrent • ethical •preliminary • integral • conversely • relaxed • confined • accommodation • temporary • distorted • passive • subordinate • analogous • military • scenario • revolution • diminished •coherence • suspended • mature • assurance • rigid • controversy • sphere • mediation • format • trigger • qualitative • portion • medium • coincide • violation • device • insights • refine •devoted • team • overlap • attained • restraints • inherent • route • protocol • founded • duration •

Sublist 10

whereby • inclination • encountered • convinced • assembly • albeit • enormous • reluctant • posed • persistent • undergo • notwithstanding • straightforward • panel • odd • intrinsic •compiled • adjacent • integrity • forthcoming • conceived • ongoing • so-called • likewise • nonetheless • levy • invoked • colleagues • depression • collapse •

This list features academic words that you may see or hear on the reading and/or listening sections of the TOEFL and IELTS tests. Becoming familiar with these and similar words will also help you on the writing and speaking portions of the tests.

*note: this list uses British spelling. (ex. 'maximise' — not 'maximize'.)

v. = verb, n. = noun, adj. = adjective

Academic Word List
access	verb	to be able to enter, reach, approach, etc. something
“He couldn’t access his email account because someone had changed his password.”
access	noun	the ability or right to enter, reach, approach, etc. something
“I don’t have access to those files.”
accurate	adjective	precise or exact; free from error (opposite = inaccurate)
“The victim was unable to provide an accurate description of the criminal.”
achieve	verb	to accomplish; to reach a certain standard
“As a result of her hard work, she achieved an excellent score on her final.”
acquire	verb	to get or come into possession of something; to accumulate or collect
“Over 20 years of collecting stamps, I’ve acquired over 4,000 of them!”
analyse	verb	to look at something closely; to examine in detail
“After analysing the DNA sample, the police were able to identify the killer.”
aspect	noun	a part or an element of something
“Flexibility is just one aspect of being a successful gymnast.”
assist	verb	to help or aid someone (noun = assistance)
“They were assisted by an outside company when designing the program.”
available	adjective	free to help; present or in stock (in regards to inventory)
“We do not have enough resources available to complete the project.”
aware	adjective	having knowledge of something; being conscious or cognizant of something
“I wasn’t aware of the problem. Thank you for informing me.”
benefit (from)	verb	to receive an advantage or make an improvement
“Society has greatly benefited from technological advancements.”
benign	adjective	gentle or kind; favorable; passive or inactive
“ The military cannot afford to be benign in this war.”
comment (on)	verb	to make a statement about something
“First, I would like to comment on the current environmental situation”
compensate (for)	verb	to give an equivalent or a return for something else
“If the government expects citizens to do this, they must compensate their citizens fairly.”
component	noun	a part or element of something (see also: aspect)
“To understand the whole problem, you must look at all of its separate components.”
concentrate (on)	verb	to focus your attention on something
“In order to move forward, we must concentrate on finding realistic solutions to the problem.”
consequence	noun	a result or effect of something
“He was executed as a consequence for his heinous actions.”
consist (of)	verb	to be made of something; to be composed of something
“A healthy relationship must consist of trust and mutual respect.”
constant	adjective	regular and seemingly permanent (adverb = constantly)
“It is difficult to deal with constant disagreement when working in a group.”
construct	verb	to develop or build; to make
“Numerous condos are currently being constructed in the downtown core.”
contribute	verb	to give to a common cause, supply, or fund
“I contributed over $300 to charity last year.”
convert (into)	verb	to change or transform into
“That building was recently converted into a restaurant.”
correspond (with/to)	verb	to be similar to something; to be in agreement with something
“The words of politicians often don’t correspond with their actions.”
crucial	adjective	very important; vital
“The media was crucial to changing public opinion about the Viet Nam war.”
define (as)	verb	to provide a definition; to give clarity or definition to something
“The word ‘crucial’ can be defined as ‘extremely important’ or ‘vital.’”
demonstrate	verb	to provide a demonstration or to show how something functions
“This satellite will demonstrate the technological power of our organization”
design	verb	to create or model
“The factory assembly line was partially designed by Henry Ford.”
disposal	noun	the act of arranging or distributing; getting rid of something
“A general is responsible for the effective disposal of his soldiers.”
distinct	adjective	clear and having easily-identifiable or specific characteristics
“Dark chocolate is known for its distinct smell and taste.”
emphasise	verb	to place emphasis or special focus on something
“The media constantly emphasises the dangers of illegal drugs.”
erode	verb	to destroy slowly over time; to disintegrate
“Many religious leaders feel that secularism has eroded morality.”
error	noun	a mistake
“Despite constant reminders and protests, governments continue to make errors.”
estimate	verb, noun	to make an educated guess; to give a projection
“Scientists have been estimating a massive population explosion over the next two decades.”
exclude	verb	to keep someone/something from entering a group, society, project, etc.
“When I was in high school, I was excluded from many activities due to my disability.”
extract	verb	to get or obtain something from something else
“Physical torture is not an effective means of extracting information from a human being.”
flexible	adjective	not rigid; able to be shaped (opposite = inflexible)
“Employers need to be flexible to the needs of their employees.”
function	noun	the working purpose of something; ability
“Cell phones are useful because they can serve multiple useful functions.”
identical	adjective	the same or alike in appearance and/or character
“The problem I have with suburban neighbourhoods is that all the houses look identical.”
identify	verb	to recognise or verify the identity of someone/something
“Even today, scientists continue to identify new types of plants and animals.”
indicate	verb	to show or give evidence of something
“Research indicates that cell phones can cause cancer.”
indication (of)	noun	a sign or token
“High blood pressure is a clear indication of stress.”
interpretation	noun	an explanation or perception of something
“Religious writings can have multiple interpretations.”
item	noun	a separate piece or article of something
“Anthropologists have recently uncovered 200 physical items pertaining to the Incas.”
legislation	noun	the act or process of making laws; the laws which have been made
“The current health legislation will be difficult for all political parties to accept.”
location	noun	the place of something
“Niagara Falls is a popular location for tourists.”
logical	adjective	able to be explained or understood clearly (opposite = illogical)
“The CEO has promised to take logical steps to ensure the future success of the company.”
majority	noun	the greater part or number; over 50% of the population
“The majority of citizens oppose the government’s proposed budget.”
maximise	verb	to use to maximum effect or potential
“The goal of any business is to maximise its profits.”
minimise	verb	to reduce as much as possible
“In any war, one of the primary objectives should be to minimise civilian casualties.”
monitor	verb	to watch and give attention
“Companies have numerous ways to monitor employee behaviour.”
obtain	verb	to get or receive
“In order to obtain respect, a person has to earn it.”
obvious	adjective	clear and easy to see
“There are some obvious similarities between French and English vocabulary.”
occur	verb	to happen or take place
“An earthquake is expected to occur here in the next 2-3 years.”
option	noun	a choice; one of several possibilities to be chosen
“When our options are limited, we are more likely to act decisively.”
participate	verb	to take part in something
“Thousands of talented athletes participate in the Olympics.”
participation	noun	the act of taking part in something
“Portugal was ridiculed for its participation in slavery.”
period	noun	a portion of time; a significant interval of time in history
“The 1700s were a period of great scientific advance.”
precise	adjective	exact or definite
“It is important for a teacher to give precise instructions.”
predictable	adjective	able to be predicted (opposite = unpredictable)
“The goal of science is to find predictable results.”
prohibited	adjective, verb	not allowed; forbidden
“These days, smoking is prohibited in many public places.”
proportion	noun	a part of a larger whole; the size of something
“A large proportion of modern problems are a result of negligence.”
prospect	noun	a potential candidate; a possibility of success, profit, etc.
“I was excited by the prospect of winning the lottery.”
psychological	adjective	relating to the mind or psychology
“We must pay attention to our psychological health.”
purchase	verb	to buy
“We’re planning to purchase a house next year.”
pursue	verb	to chase or follow
“Acting is a difficult career to pursue.”
relevant	adjective	connected to the current situation; pertinent (opposite = irrelevant)
“In an essay, we must only focus on relevant supporting details.”
reliable	adjective	able to be predicted or trusted; dependable (opposite = unreliable)
“Finding a reliable babysitter is difficult for most parents.”
require	verb	to have need of something; to need
“To take a masters course, one requires an undergraduate degree.”
requirement	noun	something which is obligatory, demanded, or needed
“You do not meet the requirements for this position”
resource	noun	a support, supply, or aid of something that can be used when needed
“If you want me to do this presentation, I will need more resources.”
respond	verb	to reply
“When faced with a bully, it is important not to respond with anger.”
retain	verb	to remember; to continue to use
“The most difficult part of learning is retaining the information”
role	noun	a position or customary function
“The role of a parent is to provide safety for his/her child.”
sector	noun	a part or subdivision
“It is the government’s job to protect all sectors of society.”
secure	adjective	safe; protected from harm (opposite = insecure)
“Everyone wants to live in a secure neighbourhood.”
select	verb	to choose
“We selected the best candidate for the job.”
significant	adjective	important; of consequence (opposite = insignificant)
“Man landing on the moon was a significant achievement for science.”
source	noun	any place, person, or thing from which something else comes or originates
“We can’t seem to locate the source of the problem.”
status	noun	someone’s position in relation to other people; the state or condition
“His status as the top player in the game is unquestionable.”
structure	noun	the organization or arrangement of something
“The structure of the education system needs to change.”
substitute	noun, verb	a replacement for someone/something
“If you want to succeed, there is no substitute for hard work.”
symbolise	verb	to represent or be a symbol for something
“In most cultures, it is understood that the dove symbolises peace.”
task	noun	a job or duty to be performed
“Raising a family is not an easy task.”
technique	noun	a specific way of doing something; a certain skill
“Most people don’t know that cooking requires hundreds of difficult techniques.”
topical	adjective	pertaining to current or local events or interests
“Global warming has been extremely topical in the first half of the 21st century.”
transform	verb	to change into a different form
“The internet has transformed the way we communicate.”
trend	noun	a style that is currently popular; the general course of something
“Fashion trends are always changing.”
vary	verb	to be different; to alternate; to change or alter; to diversify
“To write a good essay, you need to vary your vocabulary.”
veritable	adjective	being truly or very much so
“I felt a veritable pain in my abdomen”
visible	adjective	able to be seen (opposite = invisible)
“There has been a visible shift in public opinion towards the government.”
wane	verb	to decrease in strength, intensity, etc.
“My interest in the movie waned the longer we watched it.”

Introduction

The Academic Word List (AWL) was developed by Averil Coxhead at the School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. The list contains 570 word families which were selected because they appear with great frequency in a broad range of academic texts. The list does not include words that are in the most frequent 2000 words of English (the General Service List), thus making it specific to academic contexts. The AWL was primarily made so that it could be used by teachers as part of a programme preparing learners for tertiary level study or used by students working alone to learn the words most needed to study at colleges and universities.

The 570 words are divided into 10 sublists. The sublists are ordered such that the words in the first sublist are the most frequent words and those in the last sublist are the least frequent.

List

Sublist 1

sector •
available •
financial •
process •
individual •
specific •
principle •
estimate •
variables •
method •
data •
research •
contract •
environment •
export •
source •
assessment •
policy •
identified •
create •
derived •
factors •
procedure •
definition •
assume •
theory •
benefit •
evidence •
established •
authority •
major •
issues •
labour •
occur •
economic •
involved •
percent •
interpretation •
consistent •
income •
structure •
legal •
concept •
formula •
section •
required •
constitutional •
analysis •
distribution •
function •
area •
approach •
role •
legislation •
indicate •
response •
period •
context •
significant •
similar •

Sublist 2

community •
resident •
range •
construction •
strategies •
elements •
previous •
conclusion •
security •
aspects •
acquisition •
features •
text •
commission •
regulations •
computer •
items •
consumer •
achieve •
final •
positive •
evaluation •
assistance •
normal •
relevant •
distinction •
region •
traditional •
impact •
consequences •
chapter •
equation •
appropriate •
resources •
participation •
survey •
potential •
cultural •
transfer •
select •
credit •
affect •
categories •
perceived •
sought •
focus •
purchase •
injury •
site •
journal •
primary •
complex •
institute •
investment •
administration •
maintenance •
design •
obtained •
restricted •
conduct •

Sublist 3

comments •
convention •
published •
framework •
implies •
negative •
dominant •
illustrated •
outcomes •
constant •
shift •
deduction •
ensure •
specified •
justification •
funds •
reliance •
physical •
partnership •
location •
link •
coordination •
alternative •
initial •
validity •
task •
techniques •
excluded •
consent •
proportion •
demonstrate •
reaction •
criteria •
minorities •
technology •
philosophy •
removed •
sex •
compensation •
sequence •
corresponding •
maximum •
circumstances •
instance •
considerable •
sufficient •
corporate •
interaction •
contribution •
immigration •
component •
constraints •
technical •
emphasis •
scheme •
layer •
volume •
document •
registered •
core •

Sublist 4

overall •
emerged •
regime •
implementation •
project •
hence •
occupational •
internal •
goals •
retained •
sum •
integration •
mechanism •
parallel •
imposed •
despite •
job •
parameters •
approximate •
label •
concentration •
principal •
series •
predicted •
summary •
attitudes •
undertaken •
cycle •
communication •
ethnic •
hypothesis •
professional •
status •
conference •
attributed •
annual •
obvious •
error •
implications •
apparent •
commitment •
subsequent •
debate •
dimensions •
promote •
statistics •
option •
domestic •
output •
access •
code •
investigation •
phase •
prior •
granted •
stress •
civil •
contrast •
resolution •
adequate •

Sublist 5

alter •
stability •
energy •
aware •
licence •
enforcement •
draft •
styles •
precise •
medical •
pursue •
symbolic •
marginal •
capacity •
generation •
exposure •
decline •
academic •
modified •
external •
psychology •
fundamental •
adjustment •
ratio •
whereas •
enable •
version •
perspective •
contact •
network •
facilitate •
welfare •
transition •
amendment •
logic •
rejected •
expansion •
clause •
prime •
target •
objective •
sustainable •
equivalent •
liberal •
notion •
substitution •
generated •
trend •
revenue •
compounds •
evolution •
conflict •
image •
discretion •
entities •
orientation •
consultation •
mental •
monitoring •
challenge •

Sublist 6

intelligence •
transformation •
presumption •
acknowledged •
utility •
furthermore •
accurate •
diversity •
attached •
recovery •
assigned •
tapes •
motivation •
bond •
edition •
nevertheless •
transport •
cited •
fees •
scope •
enhanced •
incorporated •
instructions •
subsidiary •
input •
abstract •
ministry •
capable •
expert •
preceding •
display •
incentive •
inhibition •
trace •
ignored •
incidence •
estate •
cooperative •
revealed •
index •
lecture •
discrimination •
overseas •
explicit •
aggregate •
gender •
underlying •
brief •
domain •
rational •
minimum •
interval •
neutral •
migration •
flexibility •
federal •
author •
initiatives •
allocation •
exceed •

Sublist 7

intervention •
confirmed •
definite •
classical •
chemical •
voluntary •
release •
visible •
finite •
publication •
channel •
file •
thesis •
equipment •
disposal •
solely •
deny •
identical •
submitted •
grade •
phenomenon •
paradigm •
ultimately •
extract •
survive •
converted •
transmission •
global •
inferred •
guarantee •
advocate •
dynamic •
simulation •
topic •
insert •
reverse •
decades •
comprise •
hierarchical •
unique •
comprehensive •
couple •
mode •
differentiation •
eliminate •
priority •
empirical •
ideology •
somewhat •
aid •
foundation •
adults •
adaptation •
quotation •
contrary •
media •
successive •
innovation •
prohibited •
isolated •

Sublist 8

highlighted •
eventually •
inspection •
termination •
displacement •
arbitrary •
reinforced •
denote •
offset •
exploitation •
detected •
abandon •
random •
revision •
virtually •
uniform •
predominantly •
thereby •
implicit •
tension •
ambiguous •
vehicle •
clarity •
conformity •
contemporary •
automatically •
accumulation •
appendix •
widespread •
infrastructure •
deviation •
fluctuations •
restore •
guidelines •
commodity •
minimises •
practitioners •
radical •
plus •
visual •
chart •
appreciation •
prospect •
dramatic •
contradiction •
currency •
inevitably •
complement •
accompany •
paragraph •
induced •
schedule •
intensity •
crucial •
via •
exhibit •
bias •
manipulation •
theme •
nuclear •

Sublist 9

bulk •
behalf •
unified •
commenced •
erosion •
anticipated •
minimal •
ceases •
vision •
mutual •
norms •
intermediate •
manual •
supplementary •
incompatible •
concurrent •
ethical •
preliminary •
integral •
conversely •
relaxed •
confined •
accommodation •
temporary •
distorted •
passive •
subordinate •
analogous •
military •
scenario •
revolution •
diminished •
coherence •
suspended •
mature •
assurance •
rigid •
controversy •
sphere •
mediation •
format •
trigger •
qualitative •
portion •
medium •
coincide •
violation •
device •
insights •
refine •
devoted •
team •
overlap •
attained •
restraints •
inherent •
route •
protocol •
founded •
duration •

Sublist 10

whereby •
inclination •
encountered •
convinced •
assembly •
albeit •
enormous •
reluctant •
posed •
persistent •
undergo •
notwithstanding •
straightforward •
panel •
odd •
intrinsic •
compiled •
adjacent •
integrity •
forthcoming •
conceived •
ongoing •
so-called •
likewise •
nonetheless •
levy •
invoked •
colleagues •
depression •
collapse •

Other websites

For more information about the AWL, please see Massey University — New Zealand’s defining university

For more practice with the words from the AWL, please see

• The University of Nottingham
• Using English for Academic Purposes
• Compleat Lexical Tutor
• AWL Exercises Homepage, featuring 170 exercises to learn and review AWL vocabulary in context

The Academic Word List (AWL) contains 570 of the most important words you need to know to be successful in your studies.

Four great reasons to learn the AWL

1. Understand your lectures more easily.
2. Read your course material more quickly and effectively.
3. Improve your academic writing and complete assignments more quickly.
4. Build your confidence in talking with lecturers and other students.

How to use this resource

Start at list 1 & 2.  The games and quizzes will help you check that you really know these words and can use them effectively. Then continue with the other lists. There are 10 lists in total. You’ll be surprised what a difference 10 minutes a day can make!

Links

The Using English for Academic Purposes website has a great resource on the Academic Word List with links to definitions as well as other practice activities.

Resources

Coxhead A (2000) ‘A new academic word list’, TESOL Quarterly, 34(2):213-238, doi:10.2307/3587951.

Coxhead A (1998) An academic word list, ELI Occasional Publications 18, School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington.

In this tutorial