A word used in place of a noun - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

Asked by: Mr. Carlo Kuvalis IV

Score: 4.4/5
(66 votes)

A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun so that we do not have to repeat that noun. For example, we do not say: Rohit and Rima were hungry.

What word is used in place of a noun?

A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. A pronoun is usually substituted for a specific noun, which is called its antecedent. In the sentence above, the antecedent for the pronoun she is the girl.

Why pronoun is used in place of noun?

Pronouns are words that are used to take the place of nouns in sentences. They usually refer back to a noun used earlier in the sentence, and they must match the number, point of view, and gender of the noun. We use pronouns to make sentences clearer, less awkward, and smoother.

Does a pronoun take the place of a noun?

A pronoun is a word used to stand for (or take the place of) a noun. Below are the personal pronouns. They are called “personal” because they usually refer to persons (except for it, which refers to things).

When a pronoun takes the place of a noun What is the noun called?

A pronoun takes the place of a specific noun. Examples of pronouns include I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, us, them, hers, his, who, whom, whose, which etc. The original noun which the pronoun replaces is called the antecedent.

32 related questions found

Can be used in the place of a noun she he it?

Definition. A pronoun (I, me, he, she, herself, you, it, that, they, each, few, many, who, whoever, whose, someone, everybody, etc.) is a word that takes the place of a noun. In the sentence Joe saw Jill, and he waved at her, the pronouns he and her take the place of Joe and Jill, respectively.

What name do people place or thing?

A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or animal in a sentence.

Are place names nouns?

Place names that used to have more than one word

The general rule for “the” and proper nouns of location is as follows: Use the word “the” before the name of a place if: The place name has two or more words. One of the words in a place name is a common noun.

Is a place a proper noun?

Proper Noun Capitalization Examples

Any noun that refers to a specific (rather than general) person, place or thing is a proper noun.

What is a noun that refer to one person place thing or idea?

A singular noun is a word that names one person, place, thing, or idea: brother, classroom, pig, and joy.

What kind of pronoun does not refer to a specific noun?

Indefinite pronoun-singular. A pronoun that does not refer to a specific person or thing (another, anybody, anyone, anything, each, each other, much, one, neither, nobody, etc.) Indefinite pronoun-plural.

Is Everywhere a plural noun?

«everyone», «everybody», «everything», and «everywhere» — singular or plural.

Can it be used in plural?

The plural of “it” takes the form of “they,” “them,” or “their.” “It” is a neuter pronoun that takes the place of a noun, typically used to describe an inanimate object or a thing. Therefore, “it” is usually capable of a plural form except in specific contexts, such as when representing an abstract noun.

Is mosquitoes singular or plural?

The plural of mosquito is mosquitos or mosquitoes. Some species of mosquitoes can develop from egg to adult in as few as five days.

What kind of pronoun does not refer to a specific noun ?( 1 point?

Indefinite pronouns, such as everybody, either, none, and something, do not refer to a specific person or thing, and typically refer to an unidentified or unfamiliar person or thing.

What pronoun is whoever?

Whoever is a subject pronoun and works like the pronouns he, she, and they (Whoever wrote this poem should win a prize). It all comes down to understanding how who functions. Who and whoever are subject pronouns. In sentences, they function the same way as I, he, she, we, and they.

What is faulty pronoun reference?

In traditional grammar, faulty pronoun reference is a catch-all term for a pronoun (often a personal pronoun) that doesn’t refer clearly and unambiguously to its antecedent. Here are three common types of faulty pronoun reference: Ambiguous reference occurs when a pronoun can refer to more than one antecedent.

Is town a place or thing?

1[countable, uncountable] a place where people live and work that is smaller than a city but has many houses, stores, etc. a college town They live in a rough part of town. The nearest town is ten miles away.

Is a house a place?

Answer: It is a place .

Is a pond a place or thing?

A pond is an area filled with water, either natural or artificial, that is smaller than a lake. Ponds are small bodies of freshwater with shallow and still water, marsh, and aquatic plants.

Is Bridge a place or thing?

[countable] a thing that provides a connection or contact between two different things The book serves as a bridge between ancient wisdom and modern science. Cultural exchanges are a way of building bridges between countries.

What is a hidden antecedent?

An antecedent is hidden if it serves as an adjective instead of a noun. Example: When she removed the candy’s wrapper, it turned out to be chocolate. In the example above, it should refer to the candy, not the wrapper; however, in the sentence above, candy’s functions as an adjective.

What is remote pronoun reference?

Remote Pronoun Reference. Remote pronoun reference occurs when the antecedent and its pronoun are too far apart for clarity. This most often occurs in paragraphs where the antecedent is given at the beginning, and the author uses pronouns for the remainder of the paragraph.

What is an ambiguous pronoun?

An ambiguous pronoun occurs when a sentence contains two possible antecedents, leaving the reader or listener unaware of which the pronoun is referring to, also known as a faulty pronoun reference. As a way to avoid ambiguity, it is best to place the pronoun close to its antecedent.

Источник

English Grammar : Pronoun

«A word that is used in place of a noun is called Pronoun.»

Pronouns are words which replace a noun: I, me, she, we, they, who, that, yours, his, her, etc.

Pronouns should only be used if the name of the person (or group of people), place (or places), or thing (or things) has been previously mentioned in the paragraph. Pronouns can be subjects or objects, or show possession.

Pronouns are divided into nine kinds according to their functions:

Personal pronouns are used in place of the person or people that we are talking about.There are seven Personal pronouns. They are: I, You, We, He, She, They & It etc.

Examples:

I like Ice-cream.
Seema loves you.

We went home.
They played doubles.

Possessive pronouns are used to refer to a specific person/people or thing/things belonging to a person/people and sometimes belonging to an animal/animals or thing/things. They are : mine, ours, yours, his/hers etc.

Examples:

This book is mine.
This school is ours.

Yours roses are lovely.
That is her umbrella.

Reflexive pronouns are used when a person or thing is referring to the same person or thing. Reflexives are part of Personal Pronouns. They are: Myself, Yourself, Yourselves, Herself, Themselves, Himself, Itself, Oneself etc.

Examples:

I prefer to work by myself.
Why do you blame yourself?

Kevin sent himself a message.
My dog hurt itself.

(4) Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative Pronouns are used to show or identify one or a number of nouns that may be far or near in distance or time.

There are six Demonstrative Pronouns:
Singular : (1) this (2) that (3) such (4) one and
Plural : (5) these (6) those.

Examples:

Is this your pen?
That is my sister.

These are sweet fruits.
Those are our houses.

When sentence does not refer to any specific person, thing or amount, we used an indefinite pronoun. They are: few, some, several, any, most, other, some, each, everything, none, neither and either etc.

Examples:

Someone is here to see you.
Several people gathered for the funeral.

Anybody can practice yoga.
Many people attended her wedding etc.

(6) Distributive Pronouns

Distributive Pronouns refers to a particular person/thing. They are: Each, Everyone, Everybody, Either, Neither.

Examples:

They each got a medal.
Everyone loves flowers.

Either of you has to come for the wedding.
Neither of them was present for the wedding.

Reciprocal pronouns are used when two or more subjects (people or things) are doing the same thing, and experiencing the same consequences. They are: each other and one another.

Examples:

Simran and Raj love each other.
The gangsters were fighting one another.

Relative Pronouns are used to join or relate two different clauses together by referring to the noun in the previous clause. They are: Who, Whom, Whose, Which and That.

Examples:

I know the person who can do this work.
Whom do you want to meet?

Whose book is this?
This is the book, which I bought in Delhi.

(9) Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative Pronouns are question words used to enquire about person or thing that we do not know about. They are: who, whom, what, which.

Examples:

Who wrote this book?
Whom do you want to talk to?

What do you want?
Which book do you want?

USES OF PRONOUNS — ONE / ONESELF / ONE’S / IT

USES OF PRONOUN — «ONE»

One must treat other as one expects to be treated.

«One» is used for God/Ghost :

Jesus is the Holy One of God.

The devil is an evil one in religion.

«One» is used for the person :

He is not the one, who faces difficulties.

He is the one, who score 100 out of 100.

«One» is used as indefinite pronoun :

One must respect elders.

One must follow the Rules.

USES OF PRONOUN — «ONESELF»

Oneself (Like other reflexive pronouns) is used to emphasis.

One must help oneself before asking others.

One must suffer and learn oneself.

USES OF PRONOUN — «ONE’S»

One’s is a Possessive Adjective.

It is good to hear one’s hard work being appreciated.

It is one’s duty to serve parents/elders.

USES OF PRONOUN — «IT»

«It» is a third person singular pronoun and is used for lifeless things (inanimate objects), animals and for a baby or a small child (girl or boy) when their sex is unknown or unimportant.

IT has no possessive pronoun form e.g. This is its hole but not his hole is its.

The possessive form of IT is ITS and is not to be confused with it’s which is a contraction of it is e.g. It is my bag – It’s my bag.

As a rule pronouns do not form POSSESSIVES by adding ‘S’ eg. This bag is yours and not This bag is your’s. This purse is hers and not This purse is her’s.

«It» is also used for :

• It is 10 o’clock/ 10:30. (To tell / talk about time.)
• It is Summer / Winter / Monsoon. (To tell / talk about seasons.)
• It is a sunny day. (To tell / talk about weather.)
• It is 120 Kms away from here. (To tell / talk about distance.)
• It is Sunday. It is the 1st Sept,07. (To tell / talk about Day & Date.)
• It is good that he returned the book. (To introduce a clause) (As a temporary subject.)
• It is difficult to make him happy. (To use infinite phrase) (As a temporary subject.)
• It is no use crying over split milk. (It is no use trying on now) (As a temporary subject.)
• It is you who spoiled my day. (It is used to emphasis) (As a temporary subject.)
• It is easy to find fault with others. (It is used before the verb to be when the real subject follows.)
• It is sure that you are incorrect. (It is used before the verb to be when the real subject follows.)

The most common way to ask (for) information is to question. We use WH Question to seek information about Place, Time, Manner, Object, Choice, Reason, Distance, Duration, Number, Quantity, Frequency and Person. They are : What, Who, When, Whom, Where, Why, Whose, Which and How.

USES of «What» :

What do you want?

What am I suppose to do?

USES of «Who» :

Who is your best friend?

Who is your favorite actor?

USES of «When» :

When will you go abroad?

When do you study at home?

USES of «Whom» :

Whom should I pay my fees?

Whom should I complain?

USES of «Where» :

Where are your parents?

Where do you study?

USES of «Why» :

Why are you sitting alone?

Why are you crying?

USES of «Whose» :

Whose house is this?

Whose eyes are blue?

USES of «Which» :

Which book do you want?

Which is your pen?

USES of «How» :

How are you feeling now?

How is your health?

English Grammar : Pronoun

Источник

42. Now we come to study another class of words which are also very necessary in order to express our ideas. Suppose you had just arrived in a strange town and you wanted to find the way to a friend’s house. You inquire of a stranger, «Can you tell me who lives in the house on the corner?»

Notice the words you and me and who. You could not call the stranger by name for you do not know his name, and hence you say you. And if you used your own name instead of me, he would not recognize it, and you would both be puzzled to find a substitute for that little word who.

If you knew the stranger and he knew your name, you might say, «Can Mr. Smith tell Mr. Jones what person lives in the house on the corner.» But this would sound very stilted and unnatural and awkward. So we have these little words like you and me and who, which we use in place of nouns. These words are called pronouns. This word is taken from the Latin also. In the Latin the word pro means in place of. So the word pronoun means literally in place of a noun.

43. A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun.

These pronouns are very useful little words. They save us a great deal of tiresome repetition. Notice the awkwardness of the following:

The workers will succeed in gaining the workers’ freedom if the workers learn solidarity.

And yet this would be the way we would have to express this idea if we did not have pronouns. Instead we say:

The workers will succeed in gaining their freedom if they learn solidarity.

44. We will study the pronoun in detail in later lessons, but we can readily recognize these words which are used in place of nouns. The most common pronouns are:

you

she

they

him

her

them

your

his

her

its

our

their

that

which

who

whose

whom

what

Данный текст является ознакомительным фрагментом.

Источник

Presentation on theme: «A WORD USED IN PLACE OF A NOUN OR ANOTHER PRONOUN»— Presentation transcript:

1

A WORD USED IN PLACE OF A NOUN OR ANOTHER PRONOUN
EACH THEY SHE ANYONE THOSE I HIS THIS PRONOUNS NONE A WORD USED IN PLACE OF A NOUN OR ANOTHER PRONOUN WHO IT HIMSELF YOURS

2

WHAT IS A PRONOUN A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun, noun phrase or another pronoun Pronouns can be in one of three cases: Subject, Object, or Possessive reduces repeated use of the full subject or object word

3

TYPES OF PRONOUNS Subject Pronouns — I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they function as the subject of a sentence: I live in New York. Do you like playing tennis? They bought a new car last month. Object Pronouns — me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them serve as the object of a verb. Give me the book. He told you to come tonight. I invited them to a party.

4

Personal Pronouns SINGULAR PLURAL I ME MY, MINE WE US OUR, OURS YOU
SUBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE POSSESSIVE 1ST PERSON I ME MY, MINE WE US OUR, OURS 2ND PERSON YOU YOUR, YOURS YOUR, YOURS 3RD PERSON HE,SHE, IT HIM, HER, IT HIS, HER HERS,ITS THEY THEM THEIR, THEIRS

5

CHARACTERISTICS Three cases – subject, object, and possessive
Personal pronouns have the following characteristics: FIRST OF ALL THERE ARE: Three cases – subject, object, and possessive — The pronoun’s form changes with its function in the sentence. Examples: She met Paul. (She is the sentence subject, so it is a subject pronoun) Paul met her. (Her is the sentence direct object, so it is an object pronoun)

6

Subject pronouns are used AFTER these verbs.
The exception! BASIC LINKING VERBS AM IS ARE WAS WERE BE BEING BEEN The exception? Subject pronouns are used AFTER these verbs. SUBJECT PRONOUN I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they The best player is she. LINKING VERB

7

Possessive Pronouns Possessive Pronouns
If we don’t use a noun after the pronoun we use a possessive form. Do not confuse with possessive adjectives. Possessive Pronouns Plural mine yours his, hers, its ours yours theirs Examples: Whose car is that? That car is mine. They both used the same recipe for the cake but hers came out better than his.

8

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
Possessive adjectives — my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their — are often confused with possessive pronouns. The possessive adjective modifies the noun following it in order to show possession. I’ll get my books. Is that your car over there? That is his teacher, Mr Jones. I want to go to her store. Its color is red. Can we bring our children? You are welcome to invite your husbands. They bought their children a lot of presents.

9

Demonstrative Pronouns
this that these those singular singular plural plural (near) (far) (near) (far) Demonstrative pronouns can also be used as determiners (modifier, describer). Example: Hand me that hammer. (that describes the noun hammer) Demonstrative pronouns can also be used as qualifiers: Example: She wanted that much money? (that describes the adjective much)

10

Reflexive Pronouns the «self» pronouns
We use a reflexive pronoun when we want to refer back to the subject of the sentence or clause. These pronouns can be used only to echo or intensify a word already there. Reflexive pronouns CANNOT REPLACE personal pronouns. Examples: I saw myself in the mirror. Miriam made herself a cake. Reflexive Pronoun singular myself yourself himself, herself, itself plural ourselves yourselves themselves Do not use these words. This is substandard language. theirselves theirself hisself ourself

11

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS Singular: everybody one (n)either someone
something anyone anything no one nothing everyone everything each somebody anybody nobody : Examples Somebody is coming to dinner. Neither of us believes a word Harry says.

12

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS Plural BOTH FEW SEVERAL Examples:
Both are expected at the airport at the same time. Several have suggested canceling the meeting.

13

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS Can be Singular or Plural, depending on noun that follows and is closest to the verb. All, Most, None, Some, Any, More All of the people clapped their hands. All of my work is in the drawer. Some of the dirt has become a permanent part of the rug. Some of the trees have been weakened by the storm.

14

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
Are used to ask a question. What did you say? Which movie would you like to see? WHO WHOSE WHOM WHICH WHAT

15

RELATIVE PRONOUNS Relative pronouns relate to another noun preceding it in the sentence. The candidate will choose who will act as campaign director. WHICH WHOEVER WHO THAT WHOSE WHOMEVER

Источник

Select your language

Suggested languages for you:

Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persönlichen Lernstatistiken

Jetzt kostenlos anmelden

Words don’t only mean something; they also do something. In the English language, words are grouped into word classes based on their function, i.e. what they do in a phrase or sentence. In total, there are nine word classes in English.

Word class meaning and example

All words can be categorised into classes within a language based on their function and purpose.

An example of various word classes is ‘The cat ate a cupcake quickly.’

The = a determiner
cat = a noun
ate = a verb
a = determiner
cupcake = noun
quickly = an adverb

Word class function

The function of a word class, also known as a part of speech, is to classify words according to their grammatical properties and the roles they play in sentences. By assigning words to different word classes, we can understand how they should be used in context and how they relate to other words in a sentence.

Each word class has its own unique set of characteristics and rules for usage, and understanding the function of word classes is essential for effective communication in English. Knowing our word classes allows us to create clear and grammatically correct sentences that convey our intended meaning.

Word classes in English

In English, there are four main word classes; nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. These are considered lexical words, and they provide the main meaning of a phrase or sentence.

The other five word classes are; prepositions, pronouns, determiners, conjunctions, and interjections. These are considered functional words, and they provide structural and relational information in a sentence or phrase.

Don’t worry if it sounds a bit confusing right now. Read ahead and you’ll be a master of the different types of word classes in no time!

All word classes	Definition	Examples of word classification
Noun	A word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea.	cat, house, plant
Pronoun	A word that is used in place of a noun to avoid repetition.	he, she, they, it
Verb	A word that expresses action, occurrence, or state of being.	run, sing, grow
Adjective	A word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun.	blue, tall, happy
Adverb	A word that describes or modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb.	quickly, very
Preposition	A word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence.	in, on, at
Conjunction	A word that connects words, phrases, or clauses.	and, or, but
Interjection	A word that expresses strong emotions or feelings.	wow, oh, ouch
Determiners	A word that clarifies information about the quantity, location, or ownership of the noun	Articles like ‘the’ and ‘an’, and quantifiers like ‘some’ and ‘all’.

The four main word classes

In the English language, there are four main word classes: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Let’s look at all the word classes in detail.

Nouns

Nouns are the words we use to describe people, places, objects, feelings, concepts, etc. Usually, nouns are tangible (touchable) things, such as a table, a person, or a building.

However, we also have abstract nouns, which are things we can feel and describe but can’t necessarily see or touch, such as love, honour, or excitement. Proper nouns are the names we give to specific and official people, places, or things, such as England, Claire, or Hoover.

Cat

House

School

Britain

Harry

Book

Hatred

‘My sister went to school.‘

Verbs

Verbs are words that show action, event, feeling, or state of being. This can be a physical action or event, or it can be a feeling that is experienced.

Lexical verbs are considered one of the four main word classes, and auxiliary verbs are not. Lexical verbs are the main verb in a sentence that shows action, event, feeling, or state of being, such as walk, ran, felt, and want, whereas an auxiliary verb helps the main verb and expresses grammatical meaning, such as has, is, and do.

Run

Walk

Swim

Curse

Wish

Help

Leave

‘She wished for a sunny day.’

Adjectives

Adjectives are words used to modify nouns, usually by describing them. Adjectives describe an attribute, quality, or state of being of the noun.

Long

Short

Friendly

Broken

Loud

Embarrassed

Dull

Boring

‘The friendly woman wore a beautiful dress.’

Fig 1. Adjectives can describe the woman and the dress

Adverbs

Adverbs are words that work alongside verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. They provide further descriptions of how, where, when, and how often something is done.

Quickly

Softly

Very

Too

Loudly

‘The music was too loud.’

All of the above examples are lexical word classes and carry most of the meaning in a sentence. They make up the majority of the words in the English language.

The other five word classes

The other five remaining word classes are; prepositions, pronouns, determiners, conjunctions, and interjections. These words are considered functional words and are used to explain grammatical and structural relationships between words.

For example, prepositions can be used to explain where one object is in relation to another.

Prepositions

Prepositions are used to show the relationship between words in terms of place, time, direction, and agency.

Towards

Through

Into

With

‘They went through the tunnel.’

Pronouns

Pronouns take the place of a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence. They often refer to a noun that has already been mentioned and are commonly used to avoid repetition.

Chloe (noun) → she (pronoun)

Chloe’s dog → her dog (possessive pronoun)

There are several different types of pronouns; let’s look at some examples of each.

He, she, it, they — personal pronouns

His, hers, its, theirs, mine, ours — possessive pronouns

Himself, herself, myself, ourselves, themselves — reflexive pronouns

This, that, those, these — demonstrative pronouns

Anyone, somebody, everyone, anything, something — Indefinite pronouns

Which, what, that, who, who — Relative pronouns

‘She sat on the chair which was broken.’

Determiners

Determiners work alongside nouns to clarify information about the quantity, location, or ownership of the noun. It ‘determines’ exactly what is being referred to. Much like pronouns, there are also several different types of determiners.

The, a, an — articles

This, that, those — you might recognise these for demonstrative pronouns are also determiners

One, two, three etc. — cardinal numbers

First, second, third etc. — ordinal numbers

Some, most, all — quantifiers

Other, another — difference words

‘The first restaurant is better than the other.’

Conjunctions

Conjunctions are words that connect other words, phrases, and clauses together within a sentence. There are three main types of conjunctions;

Coordinating conjunctions — these link independent clauses together.
Subordinating conjunctions — these link dependent clauses to independent clauses.
Correlative conjunctions — words that work in pairs to join two parts of a sentence of equal importance.

For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so — coordinating conjunctions

After, as, because, when, while, before, if, even though — subordinating conjunctions

Either/or, neither/nor, both/and — correlative conjunctions

‘If it rains, I’m not going out.’

Interjections

Interjections are exclamatory words used to express an emotion or a reaction. They often stand alone from the rest of the sentence and are accompanied by an exclamation mark.

Oops!

Phew!

Ahh!

‘Oh, what a surprise!’

Word class: lexical classes and function classes

A helpful way to understand lexical word classes is to see them as the building blocks of sentences. If the lexical word classes are the blocks themselves, then the function word classes are the cement holding the words together and giving structure to the sentence.

Fig 2. Lexical and functional word classes

In this diagram, the lexical classes are in blue and the function classes are in yellow. We can see that the words in blue provide the key information, and the words in yellow bring this information together in a structured way.

Word class examples

Sometimes it can be tricky to know exactly which word class a word belongs to. Some words can function as more than one word class depending on how they are used in a sentence. For this reason, we must look at words in context, i.e. how a word works within the sentence. Take a look at the following examples of word classes to see the importance of word class categorisation.

The dog will bark if you open the door.

The tree bark was dark and rugged.

Here we can see that the same word (bark) has a different meaning and different word class in each sentence. In the first example, ‘bark’ is used as a verb, and in the second as a noun (an object in this case).

I left my sunglasses on the beach.

The horse stood on Sarah’s left foot.

In the first sentence, the word ‘left’ is used as a verb (an action), and in the second, it is used to modify the noun (foot). In this case, it is an adjective.

I run every day

I went for a run

In this example, ‘run’ can be a verb or a noun.

Word Class — Key takeaways

We group words into word classes based on the function they perform in a sentence.
The four main word classes are nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. These are lexical classes that give meaning to a sentence.
The other five word classes are prepositions, pronouns, determiners, conjunctions, and interjections. These are function classes that are used to explain grammatical and structural relationships between words.
It is important to look at the context of a sentence in order to work out which word class a word belongs to.

Frequently Asked Questions about Word Class

A word class is a group of words that have similar properties and play a similar role in a sentence.

Some examples of how some words can function as more than one word class include the way ‘run’ can be a verb (‘I run every day’) or a noun (‘I went for a run’). Similarly, ‘well’ can be an adverb (‘He plays the guitar well’) or an adjective (‘She’s feeling well today’).

The nine word classes are; Nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, pronouns, determiners, conjunctions, interjections.

Categorising words into word classes helps us to understand the function the word is playing within a sentence.

Parts of speech is another term for word classes.

The different groups of word classes include lexical classes that act as the building blocks of a sentence e.g. nouns. The other word classes are function classes that act as the ‘glue’ and give grammatical information in a sentence e.g. prepositions.

The word classes for all, that, and the is:
‘All’ = determiner (quantifier)
‘That’ = pronoun and/or determiner (demonstrative pronoun)
‘The’ = determiner (article)

Final Word Class Quiz

Word Class Quiz — Teste dein Wissen

Question

A word can only belong to one type of noun. True or false?

Show answer

Answer

This is false. A word can belong to multiple categories of nouns and this may change according to the context of the word.

Show question

Question

Name the two principal categories of nouns.

Show answer

Answer

The two principal types of nouns are ‘common nouns’ and ‘proper nouns’.

Show question

Question

Which of the following is an example of a proper noun?

Show answer

Question

Name the 6 types of common nouns discussed in the text.

Show answer

Answer

Concrete nouns, abstract nouns, countable nouns, uncountable nouns, collective nouns, and compound nouns.

Show question

Question

What is the difference between a concrete noun and an abstract noun?

Show answer

Answer

A concrete noun is a thing that physically exists. We can usually touch this thing and measure its proportions. An abstract noun, however, does not physically exist. It is a concept, idea, or feeling that only exists within the mind.

Show question

Question

Pick out the concrete noun from the following:

Show answer

Question

Pick out the abstract noun from the following:

Show answer

Question

What is the difference between a countable and an uncountable noun? Can you think of an example for each?

Show answer

Answer

A countable noun is a thing that can be ‘counted’, i.e. it can exist in the plural. Some examples include ‘bottle’, ‘dog’ and ‘boy’. These are often concrete nouns.

An uncountable noun is something that can not be counted, so you often cannot place a number in front of it. Examples include ‘love’, ‘joy’, and ‘milk’.

Show question

Question

Pick out the collective noun from the following:

Show answer

Question

What is the collective noun for a group of sheep?

Show answer

Answer

The collective noun is a ‘flock’, as in ‘flock of sheep’.

Show question

Question

The word ‘greenhouse’ is a compound noun. True or false?

Show answer

Answer

This is true. The word ‘greenhouse’ is a compound noun as it is made up of two separate words ‘green’ and ‘house’. These come together to form a new word.

Show question

Question

What are the adjectives in this sentence?: ‘The little boy climbed up the big, green tree’

Show answer

Answer

The adjectives are ‘little’ and ‘big’, and ‘green’ as they describe features about the nouns.

Show question

Question

Place the adjectives in this sentence into the correct order: the wooden blue big ship sailed across the Indian vast scary ocean.

Show answer

Answer

The big, blue, wooden ship sailed across the vast, scary, Indian ocean.

Show question

Question

What are the 3 different positions in which an adjective can be placed?

Show answer

Answer

An adjective can be placed before a noun (pre-modification), after a noun (post-modification), or following a verb as a complement.

Show question

Question

In this sentence, does the adjective pre-modify or post-modify the noun? ‘The unicorn is angry’.

Show answer

Answer

The adjective ‘angry’ post-modifies the noun ‘unicorn’.

Show question

Question

In this sentence, does the adjective pre-modify or post-modify the noun? ‘It is a scary unicorn’.

Show answer

Answer

The adjective ‘scary’ pre-modifies the noun ‘unicorn’.

Show question

Question

What kind of adjectives are ‘purple’ and ‘shiny’?

Show answer

Answer

‘Purple’ and ‘Shiny’ are qualitative adjectives as they describe a quality or feature of a noun

Show question

Question

What kind of adjectives are ‘ugly’ and ‘easy’?

Show answer

Answer

The words ‘ugly’ and ‘easy’ are evaluative adjectives as they give a subjective opinion on the noun.

Show question

Question

Which of the following adjectives is an absolute adjective?

Show answer

Question

Which of these adjectives is a classifying adjective?

Show answer

Question

Convert the noun ‘quick’ to its comparative form.

Show answer

Answer

The comparative form of ‘quick’ is ‘quicker’.

Show question

Question

Convert the noun ‘slow’ to its superlative form.

Show answer

Answer

The comparative form of ‘slow’ is ‘slowest’.

Show question

Question

What is an adjective phrase?

Show answer

Answer

An adjective phrase is a group of words that is ‘built’ around the adjective (it takes centre stage in the sentence). For example, in the phrase ‘the dog is big’ the word ‘big’ is the most important information.

Show question

Question

Give 2 examples of suffixes that are typical of adjectives.

Show answer

Answer

Suffixes typical of adjectives include -able, -ible, -ful, -y, -less, -ous, -some, -ive, -ish, -al.

Show question

Question

What is the difference between a main verb and an auxiliary verb?

Show answer

Answer

A main verb is a verb that can stand on its own and carries most of the meaning in a verb phrase. For example, ‘run’, ‘find’. Auxiliary verbs cannot stand alone, instead, they work alongside a main verb and ‘help’ the verb to express more grammatical information e.g. tense, mood, possibility.

Show question

Question

What is the difference between a primary auxiliary verb and a modal auxiliary verb?

Show answer

Answer

Primary auxiliary verbs consist of the various forms of ‘to have’, ‘to be’, and ‘to do’ e.g. ‘had’, ‘was’, ‘done’. They help to express a verb’s tense, voice, or mood. Modal auxiliary verbs show possibility, ability, permission, or obligation. There are 9 auxiliary verbs including ‘could’, ‘will’, might’.

Show question

Question

Which of the following are primary auxiliary verbs?

Is
Play
Have
Run
Does
Could

Show answer

Answer

The primary auxiliary verbs in this list are ‘is’, ‘have’, and ‘does’. They are all forms of the main primary auxiliary verbs ‘to have’, ‘to be’, and ‘to do’. ‘Play’ and ‘run’ are main verbs and ‘could’ is a modal auxiliary verb.

Show question

Question

Name 6 out of the 9 modal auxiliary verbs.

Show answer

Answer

Answers include: Could, would, should, may, might, can, will, must, shall

Show question

Question

‘The fairies were asleep’. In this sentence, is the verb ‘were’ a linking verb or an auxiliary verb?

Show answer

Answer

The word ‘were’ is used as a linking verb as it stands alone in the sentence. It is used to link the subject (fairies) and the adjective (asleep).

Show question

Question

What is the difference between dynamic verbs and stative verbs?

Show answer

Answer

A dynamic verb describes an action or process done by a noun or subject. They are thought of as ‘action verbs’ e.g. ‘kick’, ‘run’, ‘eat’. Stative verbs describe the state of being of a person or thing. These are states that are not necessarily physical action e.g. ‘know’, ‘love’, ‘suppose’.

Show question

Question

Which of the following are dynamic verbs and which are stative verbs?

Drink
Prefer
Talk
Seem
Understand
Write

Show answer

Answer

The dynamic verbs are ‘drink’, ‘talk’, and ‘write’ as they all describe an action. The stative verbs are ‘prefer’, ‘seem’, and ‘understand’ as they all describe a state of being.

Show question

Question

What is an imperative verb?

Show answer

Answer

Imperative verbs are verbs used to give orders, give instructions, make a request or give warning. They tell someone to do something. For example, ‘clean your room!’.

Show question

Question

Inflections give information about tense, person, number, mood, or voice. True or false?

Show answer

Question

What information does the inflection ‘-ing’ give for a verb?

Show answer

Answer

The inflection ‘-ing’ is often used to show that an action or state is continuous and ongoing.

Show question

Question

How do you know if a verb is irregular?

Show answer

Answer

An irregular verb does not take the regular inflections, instead the whole word is spelt a different way. For example, begin becomes ‘began’ or ‘begun’. We can’t add the regular past tense inflection -ed as this would become ‘beginned’ which doesn’t make sense.

Show question

Question

Suffixes can never signal what word class a word belongs to. True or false?

Show answer

Answer

False. Suffixes can signal what word class a word belongs to. For example, ‘-ify’ is a common suffix for verbs (‘identity’, ‘simplify’)

Show question

Question

A verb phrase is built around a noun. True or false?

Show answer

Answer

False. A verb phrase is a group of words that has a main verb along with any other auxiliary verbs that ‘help’ the main verb. For example, ‘could eat’ is a verb phrase as it contains a main verb (‘could’) and an auxiliary verb (‘could’).

Show question

Question

Which of the following are multi-word verbs?

Shake
Rely on
Dancing
Look up to

Show answer

Answer

The verbs ‘rely on’ and ‘look up to’ are multi-word verbs as they consist of a verb that has one or more prepositions or particles linked to it.

Show question

Question

What is the difference between a transition verb and an intransitive verb?

Show answer

Answer

Transitive verbs are verbs that require an object in order to make sense. For example, the word ‘bring’ requires an object that is brought (‘I bring news’). Intransitive verbs do not require an object to complete the meaning of the sentence e.g. ‘exist’ (‘I exist’).

Show question

Answer

An adverb is a word that gives more information about a verb, adjective, another adverb, or a full clause.

Show question

Question

What are the 3 ways we can use adverbs?

Show answer

Answer

We can use adverbs to modify a word (modifying adverbs), to intensify a word (intensifying adverbs), or to connect two clauses (connecting adverbs).

Show question

Question

What are modifying adverbs?

Show answer

Answer

Modifying adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They add further information about the word.

Show question

Question

‘Additionally’, ‘likewise’, and ‘consequently’ are examples of connecting adverbs. True or false?

Show answer

Answer

True! Connecting adverbs are words used to connect two independent clauses.

Show question

Question

What are intensifying adverbs?

Show answer

Answer

Intensifying adverbs are words used to strengthen the meaning of an adjective, another adverb, or a verb. In other words, they ‘intensify’ another word.

Show question

Question

Which of the following are intensifying adverbs?

Calmly
Incredibly
Enough
Greatly

Show answer

Answer

The intensifying adverbs are ‘incredibly’ and ‘greatly’. These strengthen the meaning of a word.

Show question

Question

Name the main types of adverbs

Show answer

Answer

The main adverbs are; adverbs of place, adverbs of time, adverbs of manner, adverbs of frequency, adverbs of degree, adverbs of probability, and adverbs of purpose.

Show question

Question

What are adverbs of time?

Show answer

Answer

Adverbs of time are the ‘when?’ adverbs. They answer the question ‘when is the action done?’ e.g. ‘I’ll do it tomorrow’

Show question

Question

Which of the following are adverbs of frequency?

Usually
Patiently
Occasionally
Nowhere

Show answer

Answer

The adverbs of frequency are ‘usually’ and ‘occasionally’. They are the ‘how often?’ adverbs. They answer the question ‘how often is the action done?’.

Show question

Question

What are adverbs of place?

Show answer

Answer

Adverbs of place are the ‘where?’ adverbs. They answer the question ‘where is the action done?’. For example, ‘outside’ or ‘elsewhere’.

Show question

Question

Which of the following are adverbs of manner?

Never
Carelessly
Kindly
Inside

Show answer

Answer

The words ‘carelessly’ and ‘kindly’ are adverbs of manner. They are the ‘how?’ adverbs that answer the question ‘how is the action done?’.

Show question