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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Freedom is understood as either having the ability to act or change without constraint or to possess the power and resources to fulfill one’s purposes unhindered. Freedom is often associated with liberty and autonomy in the sense of «giving oneself one’s own laws», and with having rights and the civil liberties with which to exercise them without undue interference by the state. Frequently discussed kinds of political freedom include freedom of assembly, freedom of association, freedom of choice, and freedom of speech.

In one definition, something is «free» if it can change easily and is not constrained in its present state. (Physicists and chemists may use the word in this sense.^[1]) Philosophy and religion sometimes associate freedom with free will, without undue or unjust constraints on that will, such as enslavement. It is an idea closely tied with the concept of negative liberty.

Charles Taylor resolves one of the issues^[which?] that separate «positive» and «negative» theories of freedom, as these were initially distinguished in Isaiah Berlin’s seminal 1958 lecture, «Two concepts of liberty». Taylor sees it as undeniable that there are two such families of conceptions of political freedom. Negative liberty is a concept that is often used in political philosophy. It is the idea that freedom means an ability to do what one wants, without external obstacles. This concept has been called too simplistic for discounting the importance of individual self-realization.^{[citation needed]} Positive liberty is the ability to fulfill one’s purposes.^[2]^[3]

In its origin, the English word «freedom» relates etymologically to the word «friend».^[4]

Types[edit]

In political discourse, political freedom is often associated with liberty and autonomy in the sense of «giving oneself their own laws», and with having rights and the civil liberties with which to exercise them without undue interference by the state. Frequently discussed kinds of political freedom include freedom of assembly, freedom of association, freedom of choice, and freedom of speech.

In some occasions, particularly when discussion is limited to political freedoms, the terms «freedom» and «liberty» tend to be used interchangeably.^[5]^[6] Elsewhere, subtle distinctions between freedom and liberty are noted.^[7] John Stuart Mill differentiated liberty from freedom in that freedom is primarily, if not exclusively, the ability to do as one wills and what one has the power to do, whereas liberty concerns the absence of arbitrary restraints and takes into account the rights of all involved. As such, the exercise of liberty is subject to capability and limited by the rights of others.^[8]^{[failed verification]}

Wendy Hui Kyong Chun explains the differences in terms of their relation to institutions:

«Liberty is linked to human subjectivity; freedom is not. The Declaration of Independence, for example, describes men as having liberty and the nation as being free. Free will—the quality of being free from the control of fate or necessity—may first have been attributed to human will, but Newtonian physics attributes freedom—degrees of freedom, free bodies—to objects.»^[9]

«Freedom differs from liberty as control differs from discipline. Liberty, like discipline, is linked to institutions and political parties, whether liberal or libertarian; freedom is not. Although freedom can work for or against institutions, it is not bound to them—it travels through unofficial networks. To have liberty is to be liberated from something; to be free is to be self-determining, autonomous. Freedom can or cannot exist within a state of liberty: one can be liberated yet unfree, or free yet enslaved (Orlando Patterson has argued in Freedom: Freedom in the Making of Western Culture that freedom arose from the yearnings of slaves).»^[9]

Another distinction that some political theorists have deemed important is that people may aspire to have freedom from limiting forces (such as freedom from fear, freedom from want, and freedom from discrimination), but descriptions of freedom and liberty generally do not invoke having liberty from anything.^[6] To the contrary, the concept of negative liberty refers to the liberty one person may have to restrict the rights of others.^[6]

Other important fields in which freedom is an issue include economic freedom, academic freedom, intellectual freedom, scientific freedom and political freedom.

References[edit]

^
«free». Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
^
Taylor, Charles (28 March 1985). «What’s Wrong With Negative Liberty». Philosophical Papers: Volume 2, Philosophy and the Human Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 211–29. ISBN 9780521317498.
^ Berlin, Isaiah. Four Essays on Liberty. 1969.
^
«free». Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
^ See Bertrand Badie, Dirk Berg-Schlosser, Leonardo Morlino, International Encyclopedia of Political Science (2011), p. 1447: «Throughout this entry, incidentally, the terms freedom and liberty are used interchangeably».
^ ^a ^b ^c Anna Wierzbicka, Understanding Cultures Through Their Key Words (1997), p. 130-31: «Unfortunately… the English words freedom and liberty are used interchangeably. This is confusing because these two do not mean the same, and in fact what [Isaiah] Berlin calls «the notion of ‘negative’ freedom» has become largely incorporated in the word freedom, whereas the word liberty in its earlier meaning was much closer to the Latin libertas and in its current meaning reflects a different concept, which is a product of the Anglo-Saxon culture».
^ Wendy Hui Kyong Chun, Control and Freedom: Power and Paranoia in the Age of Fiber Optics (2008), p. 9: «Although used interchangeably, freedom and liberty have significantly different etymologies and histories. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the Old English frei (derived from Sanskrit) meant dear and described all those close or related to the head of the family (hence friends). Conversely in Latin, libertas denoted the legal state of freedom versus enslavement and was later extended to children (liberi), meaning literally the free members of the household. Those who are one’s friends are free; those who are not are slaves».
^ «I. Introductory. Mill, John Stuart. 1869. On Liberty». www.bartleby.com. 21 September 2022. Retrieved 2022-11-14.
^ ^a ^b Wendy Hui Kyong Chun, Control and Freedom: Power and Paranoia in the Age of Fiber Optics (2008), p. 9.

External links[edit]

«Freedom», BBC Radio 4 discussion with John Keane, Bernard Williams & Annabel Brett (In Our Time, 4 July 2002)

Look up freedom in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikiquote has quotations related to Freedom.

Источник

: the quality or state of being free: such as

: the absence of necessity, coercion, or constraint in choice or action

: the quality or state of being exempt or released usually from something onerous

: unrestricted use

gave him the freedom of their home

: the quality of being frank, open, or outspoken

: boldness of conception or execution

Synonyms

Choose the Right Synonym for freedom

freedom, liberty, license mean the power or condition of acting without compulsion.

freedom has a broad range of application from total absence of restraint to merely a sense of not being unduly hampered or frustrated.

liberty suggests release from former restraint or compulsion.

the released prisoner had difficulty adjusting to his new liberty

license implies freedom specially granted or conceded and may connote an abuse of freedom.

freedom without responsibility may degenerate into license

Example Sentences

Or Bugs would do the impossible by jumping out of the frame and landing on the drawing board of the cartoonist who was at work creating him. This freedom to transcend the laws of basic physics, to hop around in time and space, and to skip from one dimension to another has long been a crucial aspect of imaginative poetry.

—Billy Collins, Wall Street Journal, 28-29 June 2008

I can see that my choices were never truly mine alone—and that that is how it should be, that to assert otherwise is to chase after a sorry sort of freedom.

—Barack Obama, Dreams from My Father, (1995) 2004

It’s the beginning of summer. … For many adults who are really closet kids, this means that their blood hums with a hint of freedom …

—Anna Quindlen, Newsweek, 18 June 2001

He thinks children these days have too much freedom.

She has the freedom to do as she likes.

a political prisoner struggling to win his freedom

Recent Examples on the Web

But for teams like Gahr that have embraced the freedom, it’s made a noticeable difference.

—Luca Evans, Los Angeles Times, 2 Apr. 2023

The White House, meanwhile, suggested that Biden’s familiarity with Netanyahu gives him the freedom to be intrusive.

—Matthew Continetti, National Review, 1 Apr. 2023

How much of Antoine’s historic career can be attributed to the freedom and trust that can come for anyone playing for their father is impossible to know.

—Mark Deeks, Forbes, 31 Mar. 2023

That’s why organizations that work to protect the freedom to read widely and freely are so important.

—Sydney Bucksbaum, EW.com, 31 Mar. 2023

Those who book seats labeled A or F essentially surrender their freedom of movement to fellow travelers in the aisles who, for the duration of the flight, become gatekeepers to the lavatory.

—Cnt Editors, Condé Nast Traveler, 31 Mar. 2023

Those who purport to care about trans people or about freedom of expression must contact legislators who are peddling these draconian anti-trans bills and tell them to stop.

—Allison Hope, CNN, 31 Mar. 2023

Enlarge / Use your freedom of choice.

—Roberto Baldwin, Ars Technica, 31 Mar. 2023

There was a fantastic freedom and culmination of youth that was taking place.

—Laird Borrelli-persson, Vogue, 30 Mar. 2023

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These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word ‘freedom.’ Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Etymology

see free entry 1

First Known Use

before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Time Traveler

The first known use of freedom was
before the 12th century

Dictionary Entries Near freedom

Cite this Entry

“Freedom.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/freedom. Accessed 13 Apr. 2023.

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6 Apr 2023
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Источник

Difference between freedom and liberty is a puzzling topic as there are several interpretations of the difference between the two words. Consequently, freedom and liberty have become two words that are often confused when it comes to their meanings and connotations. However, there is some difference between the two words, which is a little difficult to understand. The word freedom is generally used in the sense of ‘independence’. On the other hand, the word liberty is used in the sense of ‘right’. This is the main difference between the two words. However, one should remember that this is only one interpretation of the difference between the two words, freedom and liberty. The article will make an effort to explain others as well.

What does Freedom mean?

Freedom is meant for the country as a whole. In other words, it is meant for all the people that constitute a country. Freedom is nothing but independence from the rule of a foreign country. For example, India got freedom from the rule of the British on the 15th of August 1947. Now, look at the definition of freedom as the Oxford dictionary presents is. Freedom is ‘the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants.’ From this definition, you will understand that freedom is much more common or general than liberty. This is actually one argument made by people as freedom is of Saxon origin. They argue as freedom is made from a Saxon origin it is more of an everyday thing as it was preferred by common people.

Further, the word freedom is figuratively used in the sense of ‘emancipation’ or ‘salvation’ in philosophy. The freedom of soul or the individual soul is the state of salvation where the person after death reaches God. Freedom of the soul is the ultimate goal of a philosopher. Once the soul gets liberated then it ceases to be born again.

What does Liberty mean?

On the other hand, liberty is meant for an individual. In other words, an individual fights for liberty. This is another important difference between the two words. A person gets liberty if he fights for it. Liberty at times pertains to a group of people too. For example, a certain group of individuals can fight for liberty. Liberty is believed to be the root cause of freedom. In other words, it can be said that liberty is the subset of freedom. The state of freedom is brought about by the demands of people that wanted liberty. It is interesting to note that liberty paves the way for a certain kind of movement that instigates the spirit of freedom. This is the definition of the term liberty by the Oxford English dictionary. Liberty is ‘the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one’s behaviour or political views.’ This definition of the word liberty is quite complex. Actually, since the word liberty comes from a French origin people argue that it is more of an institutional thing as this type of Norman words were preferred by the elite class or the ruling class.

What is the difference between Freedom and Liberty?

• The word freedom is generally used in the sense of ‘independence’.

• On the other hand, the word liberty is used in the sense of ‘right’. This is the main difference between the two words.

• Liberty is believed to be the root cause of freedom.

• As it is of Saxon origin freedom was preferred by common people thus making it an everyday word.

• Liberty, as it is of French origin, was preferred by the ruling class, making the word more of an institutional thing.

Источник

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Examples
British

This shows grade level based on the word’s complexity.

[ free-duhm ]

/ ˈfri dəm /

This shows grade level based on the word’s complexity.

noun

the state of being free or at liberty rather than in confinement or under physical restraint: He won his freedom after a retrial.

exemption from external control, interference, regulation, etc.

the power to determine action without restraint.

political or national independence.

personal liberty, as opposed to bondage or slavery: The formerly enslaved seamstress bought her freedom and later became Mary Todd Lincoln’s dressmaker and stylist.

exemption from the presence of anything specified (usually followed by from): freedom from fear.

the absence of or release from ties, obligations, etc.

ease or facility of movement or action: to enjoy the freedom of living in the country.

frankness of manner or speech.

general exemption or immunity: freedom from taxation.

the absence of ceremony or reserve.

a liberty taken.

a particular immunity or privilege enjoyed, as by a city or corporation: freedom to levy taxes.

civil liberty, as opposed to subjection to an arbitrary or despotic government.

the right to enjoy all the privileges or special rights of citizenship, membership, etc., in a community or the like.

the right to frequent, enjoy, or use at will: to have the freedom of a friend’s library.

Philosophy. the power to exercise choice and make decisions without constraint from within or without; autonomy; self-determination.Compare necessity (def. 7).

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Origin of freedom

First recorded before 900; Middle English fredom, Old English frēodōm; see free, -dom

synonym study for freedom

1. Freedom, independence, liberty refer to an absence of undue restrictions and an opportunity to exercise one’s rights and powers. Freedom emphasizes the opportunity given for the exercise of one’s rights, powers, desires, or the like: freedom of speech or conscience; freedom of movement. Independence implies not only lack of restrictions but also the ability to stand alone, unsustained by anything else: Independence of thought promotes invention and discovery. Liberty, though most often interchanged with freedom, is also used to imply undue exercise of freedom: He took liberties with the text.

OTHER WORDS FROM freedom

non·free·dom, nouno·ver·free·dom, nounun·free·dom, noun

Words nearby freedom

freecycle, free delivery, free diving, freedman, Freedmen’s Bureau, freedom, freedom fighter, Freedom Food, Freedomites, freedom march, freedom of assembly

Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023

Words related to freedom

ability, exemption, flexibility, immunity, opportunity, power, privilege, right, autonomy, citizenship, democracy, emancipation, liberation, release, relief, self-determination, self-government, sovereignty, abandon, abandonment

How to use freedom in a sentence

You want to be right up to that edge where it’s dynamic and there’s freedom.
He has no idea what the brave men and women who have fought and even died in war for our country, and those in the military today protecting our freedoms, stand for.
Instead, Brazil’s National Congress is considering legislation that would violate the privacy and freedom of expression of the country’s 137 million internet users.
This limitless freedom that it feels like I can feel in her performance there.

He’ll remember his one moment of freedom, he claims, when he’s “old and bent.”
In other words, the free thinker defending freedom of thought.
It was also an attack on our freedom of expression and way of life.
The more we appease, the more we indulge, the more emboldened the enemies of freedom become.
No one wants to align with less freedom at a time like this.
The choice between freedom and fear is not difficult when seen with perspective.
For this use of the voice in the special service of will-power, or propelling force, it is necessary first to test its freedom.
It was a life full of freedom, and I shall never cease to be grateful for it, but I must go home soon and look after my affairs.
Her success increased her confidence in herself and enhanced the boldness and freedom with which she handled her brush.
If there is everywhere complete economic freedom, then there will ensue in consequence a régime of social justice.
The primal rigidity of the straight line yields later on to the freedom of an organ.

British Dictionary definitions for freedom

noun

personal liberty, as from slavery, bondage, serfdom, etc

liberation or deliverance, as from confinement or bondage

the quality or state of being free, esp to enjoy political and civil liberties

(usually foll by from) the state of being without something unpleasant or bad; exemption or immunityfreedom from taxation

the right or privilege of unrestricted use or accessthe freedom of a city

autonomy, self-government, or independence

the power or liberty to order one’s own actions

philosophy the quality, esp of the will or the individual, of not being totally constrained; able to choose between alternative actions in identical circumstances

ease or frankness of manner; candourshe talked with complete freedom

excessive familiarity of manner; boldness

ease and grace, as of movement; lack of effort

Word Origin for freedom

Old English frēodōm

Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
© William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

Источник

Other forms: freedoms

Freedom is the state of being entirely free. Many governments claim to guarantee freedom, but often people do not, in fact, have the absolute freedom to act or speak without restraint.

People in jail long for freedom. People living under an oppressive government also long for freedom. In the United States, people theoretically have «freedom of speech»: the right to say whatever they’re moved to say. You’ll notice the word free in freedom. Free comes from the German frei, meaning, “to love.” The word friend shares this origin. You can think of freedom as the condition in which you have the choice to love any friend you wish.

Definitions of freedom

noun

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

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types:

show 19 types…

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academic freedom

the freedom of teachers and students to express their ideas in school without religious or political or institutional restrictions

enfranchisement

freedom from political subjugation or servitude

blank check, free hand

freedom to do as you see fit

free rein, play

the removal of constraints

freedom of the seas

the right of merchant ships to travel freely in international waters

independence, independency

freedom from control or influence of another or others

liberty

freedom of choice

civil liberty, political liberty

one’s freedom to exercise one’s rights as guaranteed under the laws of the country

liberty

personal freedom from servitude or confinement or oppression

svoboda

(Russia) freedom

autonomy, liberty

immunity from arbitrary exercise of authority: political independence

autarchy, autarky

economic independence as a national policy

licence, license

freedom to deviate deliberately from normally applicable rules or practices (especially in behavior or speech)

latitude

freedom from normal restraints in conduct

licence, license

excessive freedom; lack of due restraint

discretion

freedom to act or judge on one’s own

run

unrestricted freedom to use

autonomy, self-direction, self-reliance, self-sufficiency

personal independence

separateness

political independence

type of:

state

the way something is with respect to its main attributes
noun

immunity from an obligation or duty

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Источник

Im not an expert, but i would consider that the dom in those words: freedom, serfdom, kingdom may be contractions referring to the longer word dominion.

Given that the time period of the origin of the word dominion, it is mostly pertaining to ownership/dominion over a region of land.

dominion (n.) early 15c., from Old French dominion «dominion, rule,
power,» from Medieval Latin dominionem (nominative dominio),
corresponding to Latin dominium «property, ownership,» from dominus
«lord, master,» from domus «house» (from PIE root *dem- «house,
household»).

British sovereign colonies often were called dominions, hence the
Dominion of Canada, the formal title after the 1867 union, and Old
Dominion, the popular name for the U.S. state of Virginia, first
recorded 1778.

[https://www.etymonline.com/word/dominion]

In a kingdom, the king has dominion over the land.

In a serfdom, the serf has no dominion over the land, the lord does.

In a freedom, noone has dominion over the land, or alternatively, anyone is free to gain/develop/enforce/purchase dominion over the land.

Of course, it could work the other way, where dominion is an elaboration of the root dom which as it says above (and in Tamara’s answer) comes from domus and dem that mean house.

Источник

Contexts ▼

(freedom from) The state of being exempted from something undesirable

… more ▼

The state of being free from imprisonment or enslavement

“After being released, Steven enjoyed a brief period of freedom before finding himself in hot water again.”

The state of not being subjected to domination or subjugation

“William Wallace encouraged his fellow Scotsmen to fight for their freedom.”

(freedom from) The state of being exempted from something undesirable

“Now that he was starting to make a lot of money, he began to fantasize about freedom from taxation.”

One’s right to speak, think or act

“There are designated areas in the city where you can exercise your freedom of speech.”

The power of self-determination

“Traveling solo has its perks, such as the freedom to go anywhere you want, whenever you want, on a whim.”

Openness or familiarity in speech or behavior

“Despite it being our first meeting, I spoke to the president with the freedom of a dear friend.”

The power to act without the constraint of necessity or fate

Civil liberties

Approval, or permission to proceed

Freedom from worries or problems

(figurative) Freedom from interference or bother

A period or time free from engagement

The practice of tolerating something, in particular differences of opinion or behaviour

A break or intermission in work or activity

The state of being equal in status, rights, or opportunities

An act of breaking free from confinement or control

The safety of a state, organization, community or object against nefarious activities

Related Words and Phrases

Definitions of freedom word

noun freedom the state of being free or at liberty rather than in confinement or under physical restraint: He won his freedom after a retrial. 1
noun freedom exemption from external control, interference, regulation, etc. 1
noun freedom the power to determine action without restraint. 1
noun freedom political or national independence. 1
noun freedom personal liberty, as opposed to bondage or slavery: a slave who bought his freedom. 1
noun freedom exemption from the presence of anything specified (usually followed by from): freedom from fear. 1

Information block about the term

Origin of freedom

First appearance:

before 900

One of the 4% oldest English words

before 900; Middle English fredom, Old English frēodōm. See free, -dom

Historical Comparancy

Parts of speech for Freedom

freedom popularity

A common word. It’s meaning is known to most children of preschool age. About 97% of English native speakers know the meaning and use the word.

Most Europeans know this English word. The frequency of it’s usage is somewhere between «mom» and «screwdriver».

Synonyms for freedom

noun freedom

right — in accordance with what is good, proper, or just: right conduct.
ability — Your ability to do something is the fact that you can do it.
power — a heavy blow or a loud, explosive noise.
flexibility — capable of being bent, usually without breaking; easily bent: a flexible ruler.
privilege — a right, immunity, or benefit enjoyed only by a person beyond the advantages of most: the privileges of the very rich.

Antonyms for freedom

noun freedom

inability — lack of ability; lack of power, capacity, or means: his inability to make decisions.
incompetence — the quality or condition of being incompetent; lack of ability.
weakness — the state or quality of being weak; lack of strength, firmness, vigor, or the like; feebleness.
captivity — Captivity is the state of being kept imprisoned or enclosed.
confinement — Confinement is the state of being forced to stay in a prison or another place which you cannot leave.

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Example Sentences

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More from Merriam-Webster on freedom

What does Freedom mean?

What does Liberty mean?

What is the difference between Freedom and Liberty?

Origin of freedom

synonym study for freedom

OTHER WORDS FROM freedom

Words nearby freedom

Words related to freedom

How to use freedom in a sentence

British Dictionary definitions for freedom

Word Origin for freedom

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Transcription

Definitions of freedom word

Information block about the term

Origin of freedom

First appearance:

Historical Comparancy

Parts of speech for Freedom

freedom popularity

Synonyms for freedom

noun freedom

Antonyms for freedom

noun freedom

Top questions with freedom

See also

Matching words