A word part meaning one

From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary EnglishTechnology, Hair & beauty, Performing, Music, Chemistry, Measurementpartpart1 /pɑːt $ pɑːrt/ ●●● S1 W1 noun
 
 1 piece [countable]PART a piece or feature of something such as an object, area, event, or period of timepart of
 The front part of the car was damaged.
 In parts of Canada, French is the first language.
 The cost of living is becoming unbearable for retired people in our part of the world (=where we live).
 More heat is lost through the head than any other part of the body.the early/later/latter/last part
 in the early part of the 19th centurythe best/worst part
 The best part of the holiday was the food.the first/final/last part etc
 You can see the final part of that series on Tuesday.part two/three etc
 I shall be explaining this further in Part Two.the hard/easy part
 Getting Dad to agree will be the hard part.different parts/all parts of something
 The jobs attracted people from all parts of the world.integral/vital/important part
 the traditions that are an integral part of Jewish lifein parts
 The film is very violent in parts.

2 machine/object [countable]TPART one of the separate pieces that something such as a machine or piece of equipment is made of
 Lay all the parts out before you start assembling the model.
 engine partsspare parts (=kept for when a part breaks, needs replacing etc)3 → part of something4 → play a part5 → have a part to play (in something)6 → take part7 → take/have/play no part in something8 → want no part of something 9 → the best/better part of something10 → a good/large part of something11 → the greater/major part of something12 → in part13 → in large part/for the most part14 → be (a) part of something15 → form (a) part of something

16 hair [countable usually singular] American EnglishDCB a parting17 acting [countable]APA the words and actions of a particular character in a play or film SYN role
 Could someone take the part of Romeo, please?
 Katharine’s playing the part of Mary in the school play. 18 music [countable]APM the music that one type of instrument or voice within a group plays or sings
 The violin part is difficult.
 The choir sings in four-part harmony.19 quantity [countable]HCTM used to say how much of each substance there is or should be in a mixture
 Prepare the glue with one part powder to three parts water.
 The sulphur dioxide level in the air was 32 parts per billion.20 → look the part21 → dress the part22 → somebody’s part in something23 → in/round these parts 24 → take somebody’s part25 → for my/his part etc26 → on somebody’s part/on the part of somebody

27 → take something in good part28 → be part and parcel of something29 → be/become part of the furniture30 → man/woman of many partsCOLLOCATIONS – Meaning 1: a piece or feature of something such as an object, area, event, or period of timeADJECTIVES/NOUN + part the early partThe school dates from the early part of the nineteenth century.the first partIn the first part of the book he describes his childhood.the later part (=the part towards the end of a period of time )in the later part of the twentieth centurythe latter part (=the second half rather than the first)The festival lasts for ten days during the latter part of May.the last/final partWe had reached the last part of our journey.the best/worst partThe worst part was having to work even when it was raining.the hard/easy partDeciding what you’re going to cook is the easy part.an important partFresh fruit is an important part of our diet.a vital/essential part (=an extremely important and necessary part )A ceasefire in the region is an essential part of any peace process.an integral part (=a necessary part of the whole thing)These workshops are an integral part of the course.different parts of somethingPublic transport varied between different parts of the country.all parts of something (also every part of something)He had access to all parts of the factory.the component/constituent parts of something (=the separate parts that form it)The body is a complex thing with many constituent parts.equal partsI cut the orange into four equal parts.phrasesparts of the worldThere are wars going on in many parts of the world.parts of the countryHe sometimes went to visit friends in other parts of the country.parts of the bodyThe cancer may spread to other parts of the body.part one/two/three etcThe questionnaire is in two parts: part one asks for your personal details and part two asks for your comments on the course.

THESAURUSpart something that together with other things forms a wholeIt looks like part of a car engine.The best part of the movie was the end.The hardest part is getting started.bit especially British English informal a small part of somethingSome bits of the book are really funny.I didn’t read the bottom bit.piece one of several different parts that you join together to make somethingOne of the pieces of the jigsaw puzzle was missing.The furniture comes in several pieces.component a part of a machine or processThe company supplies engine components for trucks.Education is a major component in a child’s growth and development.section a part of something that is clearly different and separate from other partsThe test is divided into two sections.the reference section of the librarythe string section of the orchestrachapter one of the numbered parts that a book is divided intoThe opening chapter of the book sets the scene.scene one of the parts that a film or play is divided intoSome scenes had to be cut because they were too violent.act 1, scene 2 of the playepisode a part of a story on the television or the radio, which is told in separate partsI missed last week’s episode.

COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 17: the words and actions of a particular character in a play or filmverbsplay a partShe plays the part of an ageing beauty queen.have a partHe had a small part in ‘Casino Royale’.take a part (=agree to play a part that you have been offered)When I was offered the part of the prince, I decided to take it.get a partI was thrilled when I was told I’d got the part.give somebody a partWhy did they give Sinatra the part?land a part (=be given a part)He landed a part in a cop show.ADJECTIVES/NOUN + parta big partShe felt the studio hadn’t given her enough big parts.a good partEvery time we do a play, the boys get all the good parts.a small partToby had a small part in the film.the lead/leading part (=the most important part)Taking the lead part of Annie will be 11-year-old Zoe Jones.a speaking part (=one in which you have some words to say)I had hoped to be given a speaking part.a walk-on part (=a small part in which you do not have any words to say)She had had walk-on parts in a couple of soap operas.

Examples from the Corpuspart• Part of the research program involved interviewing teenagers in inner-city areas.• Part One ends with the death of the hero’s father.• I’ll sing the bass part if you want.• She spent the early part of her life in Barcelona.• I’ve finished the first part of my thesis.• Sentimental attachment to some geographic part of the world is not part of the system.• Organizing the party was easy, the hardest part was getting my parents to agree to it.• Most have a core of solid businesses that ensure that at least parts of the firm are making serious money.• Gradually you should be able to phase out the tangible reinforcers when tantrums are no longer a major part of her repertoire.• Malaria is still common in many parts of Africa.• And if later some one disposes of a record in some other way no part of the royalty can be recovered.• Mix one part milk with two parts flour and stir.• The director has given us until tomorrow to learn our parts.• All our replacement parts are guaranteed, if you have your car serviced with us each year.• Jane Austen’s ‘Pride and Prejudice’, adapted for radio in six parts• A quarter of all 16-18 year olds are now taking part in these schemes.• Check inside the box to see if all the parts are there.• Did you understand the part about switching the modem speed?• The part of Cyrano was played by Gerard Depardieu.• But people in these parts name their children after their favorite stock-car racer, and they’re proud to tell you so.• Where does this part go?• When you have filled in the form, keep the top part and send the other part to the bank.• Isetan, however, said the filing was part of a dispute over control of real estate in three key markets.• Which part of your job do you enjoy most?• This is the widest part of the river.

part of• Part of the money will be spent on a new playground.• Do you enjoy working as part of a team?• It’s the lower part of my back that hurts most.• Which part of town do you live in?spare parts• When selecting equipment to buy, one should make sure that servicing facilities are good and spare parts are quickly obtainable.• Like all representatives, his garage acts as a warehouse for samples and spare parts.• Ian MacDonald and he had stripped down the old wreck and searched junk yards for spare parts.• No sound had emerged from it for six months: spare parts were hard to get, Dynmouth Hi-Fi Boutique informed him.• Operators can obtain spare parts locally, and mechanics need no special training.• These exceptions are significant for manufacturers and suppliers of spare parts.• Of the 88 locomotives on the Malha Oeste line, 35 are out of commission awaiting repairs or spare parts.• It was very evident that there were no supplies or spare parts available.take the part of• On one occasion, a socialist game was played, in which players took the parts of rich and poor countries.• Garvey was to take the part of Balaam, and Lucie his donkey.part … to … parts• Alternatively, you can use a mix of one part cement to five parts ballast.Hair & beautypartpart2 ●○○ verb
 
 1 [intransitive, transitive] writtenSEPARATE to move the two sides of something apart, or to move apart, making a space in the middle
 When he parted the curtains, the sunlight flooded into the room.
 The crowd parted to let him through.
 Ralph’s lips parted in a delighted smile.2 [intransitive] writtenSEPARATE to separate from someone, or end a relationship with them
 They parted on amicable terms.part from
 He has parted from his wife.3 → be parted (from somebody)4 → part company (with somebody)5 [transitive]DCB if you part your hair, you comb some of your hair in one direction and the rest in the other direction → part with something→ See Verb tableExamples from the Corpuspart• Then she kissed me to show me that we had to part.• She hoped that she and Jonathan would never part.• With a brief hug, they parted.• The crowd parted as Governor Langley walked to the stage.• Between the pathologists and police communication was intermittent, for they were parted by more than space.• Jen’s black hair was parted down the middle.• A few minutes later she parted from him and, weathering a few pleasant glances, went back to her office.• He lay back and she stretched her body over his, leaning to his mouth and parting his lips with her tongue.• They parted in a fairly amicable way.• Sharon and I parted on friendly terms.• She parted the branches with her hands as she moved further into the forest.• Joe parted the curtains and the sunlight came flooding in.• Very gently, he parted the front of her robe.• They knocked against linked bodies, which parted to let them pass.partpart3 adverb
 
 1 → part sth, part something2 not completely SYN partly
 The project is part funded by the council.
 The object was part hidden by the grass.Examples from the Corpuspart• The refusal seems part economic, part philosophic.• Taking a cooking bowl from the side he part filled it from the water jar and set it down on the ring.• In a book that is part memoir and part sociological study, Wolf writes about the agonizing job girls face becoming women.partpart4 adjective
 
 1 → part payment2 → part ownerFrom Longman Business Dictionarypartpart /pɑːtpɑːrt/ noun1[countable, uncountable] a piece of something such as an object, area, or grouppart ofHe will have to repay part of the money.An important part of the trend towards globalisation is the growth of multinational enterprises.2[countable] one of the separate pieces that a machine, vehicle etc is made ofSYNCOMPONENTDemand for replacement parts is increasing as consumers repair aging cars.a supplier of engines, equipment, and spare parts (=parts used to replace original parts that are broken) for commercial aircraft3[uncountable] some but not all of a particular thing or group of thingsOnly part of the company is being sold.Origin part1 (1200-1300) Old French Latin pars part2 (1200-1300) Old French partir, from Latin partire “to divide”, from pars; → PART1

What are word parts?[edit | edit source]

First, try to answer these questions by filling in the blanks:

1. To ‘redo’ means: to do ____ (Answer)

2. The word which starts the same as ‘careful’, but means its opposite is: ____ (Answer)

3. If John is 2 metres tall and Harry is 1.8 metres tall, then John is tall__ than Harry. (Answer)

If you answered these questions right, then this shows that you already know a bit about word parts.

Knowing what they mean and how they work is a very powerful tool.

What types of word parts are there?[edit | edit source]

Prefixes[edit | edit source]

Look at these words:

rename, restart, redesign

1. Where does ‘re-‘ go in these words and what does it mean? (Answer)

A word part which always features at the front of a word is called a prefix (pronounced: PREE-fikz).

Place a possible prefix before these words and start to think about how it changes the meaning of the word (the first one has been done for you):

2. kind

(unkind)

The prefix is: un- (make sure you remember the dash after a prefix)

3. polite

(________)

The prefix is: (Answer)

4. fire

(_______)

The prefix is: (Answer)

5. come

(________)

The prefix is: (Answer)

6. mature

(_________)

The prefix is: (Answer)

Suffixes[edit | edit source]

Now look at these words:

fearless, careless, hatless

1. Where does ‘-less’ go in these words and what does it mean? (Answer)

A word part which always features at the end of a word is called a suffix (pronounced: SUFF-ikz).

Test your suffix knowledge and continue thinking about how it changes the meaning of the word (the first one has been done for you):

2. If Alex is heavier than everyone, then he is the: heaviest

The suffix is: -est (make sure you remember to write the dash «-» before a suffix)

3. The process of attracting is called: ______

The suffix is: _____ (Answer)

4. If someone takes a lot of care, then they are described as: ________

The suffix is: _____ (Answer)

5. If someone is without fear, then they are: ________

The suffix is: _____ (Answer)

6. If someone is kind, they they usually show: ________

The suffix is: _____ (Answer)

Roots[edit | edit source]

Finally, there are the main parts of words called roots.

Roots usually appear in the middle of words, but that’s NOT a good way to think about them.

Look at these examples to see why:

• -dict- is the root of: predict, dictate, and diction
  • In these examples, -dict- is at the front and end of words.

• -port- is the root of: imports, exported, and transportation
  • In these examples, -port- is in the middle of words.

(Notice how when we write a root, we put a dash «-» on both sides. Beware that some authors don’t and would just write ‘port’, though.)

Here are two key points to help you tell if a word part is a root:

POINT 1

First, notice how prefixes and suffixes can never stand on their own.

We don’t say: un-, re-, -ness, or -tion

On the other hand, roots might stand on their own.

We do say: kind, fear, and come.

We don’t say: dict

(We do say over- as ‘over’ and ‘-less’ as ‘less’, but this is an example of a prefix and suffix which have the same spelling as a root. Now you see a reason why we ALWAYS put the dashes with them.)

POINT 2

Second, notice how roots carry the main meaning of a word and are what we attach the prefixes and suffixes to.

Try to identify the roots in these words (the first one has been done for you):

1. For antimatter, the root is -matter-

2. For misfire, the root is: ______ (Answer)

3. For transport, export, and support, the root of all of them is: ______ (Answer)

4. For talk, talked, and talking, the root of all of them is: ______ (Answer)

5. For success, access, and recession, the root of all of them is: ______ (Answer)

So, remind yourself that the three types of parts of words are:

6. ______, ______, and ____ (Answer)

Watch out for rules![edit | edit source]

You may have been thinking about rules which tell you how prefixes, suffixes, and roots work.

Remember that English has no rules that work in ALL cases.

For instance, we get the plural of egg, tree, and hand by putting the suffix -s on the end:

eggs, trees, hands

But, we DON’T get the plural of goose that way (after all, it’s geese).

Here are 5 key points for you to remember about making and applying rules concerning word parts.

Make sure you think of other cases where they apply.

Rule 1: Use sense and not just spelling[edit | edit source]

re- is a prefix that means ‘again’, right?

So, what about ‘red’, ‘reck’, and ‘really?’

Well, spelling doesn’t tell you everything!

You can look for clues in pronunciation.

For instance, we usually say re- as «REE»; but this isn’t foolproof either, because of how we say ‘really.’

Start thinking about things to do with the sense of a word such as whether or not you can replace re- with other prefixes (like how ‘redo’ could be changed to ‘undo’).

Is it like this for suffixes, too?

Absolutely. Just think about how -ing is a suffix, but how it clearly isn’t a suffix for the words ‘sing’ and ‘thing.’

Rule 2: You cannot add prefixes and suffixes to everything[edit | edit source]

For the root -do-, we can attach prefixes and get:

redo, undo, overdo

Think for a moment about some prefixes we can’t attach to it (and look in the answer key for some possible answers):

1. _________ (Answer)

Is it like this for suffixes, too?

Just consider the word ‘fun.’

If an activity is more fun than every other activity, do we say it is the ‘funnest’ activity? No.

Rule 3: You cannot take prefixes and suffixes off everything[edit | edit source]

Which one can you NOT take the prefix anti- off?

antimatter, anticipate, antisocial

1. __________ (Answer)

Which one can you NOT take the prefix re- off?

redesign, resend, receive

2. __________ (Answer)

So, we cannot always take prefixes off words and be left with words.

Suffixes are a bit more complicated, because there are two types; one which you can nearly always take off, and one which you nearly always can’t.

We will talk more about this later; but for now, just don’t assume that you can always take a suffix off a word.

(Okay, that’s three helpful rules learned. I hope you are remembering to think of your own examples or this stuff won’t stick!)

Rule 4: Word parts can have more than one meaning[edit | edit source]

The ‘un-‘ in ‘unhappy’ has a different meaning to the un- in ‘undress’.

In the first case, ‘un-‘ means ‘not.’

In the second case, it just means ‘reversal.’

So, don’t make the mistake of believing that you will know the meaning of a word part after meeting it just once.

Rule 5: A word part can be spelled in more than one way[edit | edit source]

For prefixes, look at ‘in-‘, which means ‘not’, as in ‘injustice.’

1. What do we put before ‘possible’ to mean ‘not possible?’ (Answer)

For roots, look at ‘-vis-‘, which means ‘see’, as in ‘visual.’

Now consider that it can also be spelled ‘-vid-‘, as in ‘video.’

For suffixes, look at ‘-s’, which makes plurals, as in ‘eggs.’

2. But, what do we put at the end of ‘box’ to make it plural? (Answer)

So, remember that a word part can be spelled in more than one way.

Go over these five rules again before moving onto the next subsection.

In summary:

Be careful, because word parts CAN have multiple meanings, multiple spellings, and CAN’T be swapped, chopped off, or attached haphazardly.

The parts of speech[edit | edit source]

Sentences are made up of different types of words and each type has its own job to do in the sentence.

We call these types ‘parts of speech.’

There are lots of different ones, but we will look at the four main types.

Noun[edit | edit source]

A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea.

A common noun names a general item (like ‘dog’ or ‘happiness’).

A proper noun names a particular item (a particular person, particular place, particular thing,…) and always begins with a capital letter (like ‘Josh’ or ‘London’).

Anna is going to Germany on Friday and will take her bicycle on the journey.

The common nouns in this sentence are:

1. __________ (Answer)

The proper nouns in this sentence are:

2. __________ (Answer)

Nouns have a singular form (like: egg, hand, goose) and a plural form (like: eggs, hands, geese).

Finally, a pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun (so we don’t have to repeat it).

Examples include: she, he, they, it

When she goes to Germany, she will take her bike, because it has excellent cycling roads.

The pronouns in this sentence are:

3. __________ (Answer)

Adjective[edit | edit source]

An adjective is a word that describes a noun.

When it is cold and snowy, wear thick, black clothes.

The adjectives in this sentence are:

1. __________ (Answer)

Adjectives can be modified to make comparisons:

The comparative (pronounced: kom-PAH-ruh-tiv) of:

• tall is taller
• red is redder
• fun is more fun
• difficult is more difficult

The superlative (pronounced: soo-PURR-luh-tiv) of:

• tall is tallest
• red is reddest
• fun is most fun
• difficult is most difficult

Verb[edit | edit source]

A verb is a doing or action word.

Jack always runs to school while Anna eats her breakfast.

1. What are the verbs in this sentence? (Answer)

Verbs are quite complicated.

What is most important to us is learning the FORMS of a verb, because this is where suffixes feature.

As an example, the forms of ‘initiate’ are: initiate, initiates, initiated, initiating

We will look further into this in lesson 2.

Adverb[edit | edit source]

An adverb is a word that that modifies a verb, adjective, or even another adverb.

An adverb answers how, when, where, or to what extent.

I always do my work extremely carefully.

The adverbs in this sentence are:

1. __________ (Answer)

Notice how they often end in the suffix ‘-ly’.

Here are some more examples of adverbs: daily, completely, almost, often, never, soon, cleverly

Lesson 1 Quiz[edit | edit source]

If there was anything you didn’t understand, read it once more, because here’s a quiz (that you should try to get perfect before lesson 2):

1. What are the three main types of word parts?

2. What is the common root of ‘audio’, ‘audible’, and ‘audience’, and what do you think it means?

3. Deconstruct the word ‘prefixes’ into its word parts.

4. Which prefix can be found in the opposite to ‘increase?’

5. ‘non-believer’ features the prefix ‘non-‘ but keeps the dash. Are there examples where id doesn’t?

6. Does ‘over-‘ just mean ‘physically above’, as in ‘overhang’?

7. How else can you spell the suffix ‘-y’ (as in mess -> messy)?

8. What are the four main types of parts of speech?

9. Think of examples of adverbs that don’t end in ‘-ly.’

10. Think of three words that have more than one type of part of speech.

(Answers)

Answer Key[edit | edit source]

What are word parts? (Answers)[edit | edit source]

(Go back to questions)

1. again

2. careless

3. er (making the word ‘taller’)

What types of word parts are there? (Answers)[edit | edit source]

Prefixes (Answers)[edit | edit source]

(Go back to questions)

1. At the front and it means ‘again’.

2. (Already done as an example)

3. impolite; the prefix is: im-

4. misfire; the prefix is: mis-

5. overcome; the prefix is: over-

6. premature; the prefix is: pre-

Suffixes (Answers)[edit | edit source]

(Go back to questions)

1. At the end.

2. (Already done as an example)

3. attraction; the suffix is: -tion

4. careful; the suffix is: -ful

5. fearless; the suffix is: -less

6. kindness; the suffix is: -ness

Roots (Answers)[edit | edit source]

(Go back to questions)

1. (Already done as an example)

2. -fire-

3. -port-

4. -talk-

5. -cess-

6. prefix, suffix, and root

Watch out for rules! (Answers)[edit | edit source]

Rule 2: You cannot add prefixes and suffixes to everything (Answers)[edit | edit source]

(Go back to questions)

1. subdo, interdo, predo

Rule 3: You cannot take prefixes and suffixes off everything (Answers)[edit | edit source]

(Go back to questions)

1. anticipate

2. receive

Rule 5: A word part can be spelled in more than one way (Answers)[edit | edit source]

(Go back to questions)

1. im-, as in ‘impossible’

2. -es, as in ‘boxes’

The parts of speech (Answers)[edit | edit source]

Noun (Answers)[edit | edit source]

(Go back to questions)

1. bicycle, journey

2. Anna, Germany, Friday

3. she, it

Adjective (Answers)[edit | edit source]

(Go back to questions)

1. cold, snowy, thick, black

Adverb (Answers)[edit | edit source]

(Go back to questions)

1. extremely, carefully

Lesson 1 Quiz (Answers)[edit | edit source]

(Go back to questions)

1. prefix, root, suffix

2. -audi-, it means ‘hearing’ or ‘listening’

3. ‘pre-‘ is the prefix; ‘-fix-‘ is the root; ‘-es’ is the suffix

4. ‘de-‘ is the suffix, as in ‘decrease’

5. ‘nonprofit’ (if your example was different, check a dictionary)

6. No. It may also mean ‘excess’, as in ‘overambitious’, or ‘outer’, as in ‘overcoat.’

7. ‘-ey’, as in ‘clayey.’

8. noun, verb, adjective, adverb

9. often, soon

10. ‘abstract’ can be a noun or adjective. ‘fool’ can be a noun or verb. ‘set’ can be a noun, adjective, or verb.