A word for making part by part

Adjective

Having been inducted or recruited as a member of a group

“Most grant applications will require resubmission and if this fact of life is made part of the plan, it will help the applicants to make profitable use of the rejection.”

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That’s just part of the game.

Но это часть бизнеса.

I’m going to help you stop him as part of your pack.

Я помогу остановить его как часть твоей стаи.

If this is all part of the game, it’s beyond me at this point.

Если все это часть игры, это за гранью моего понимания сейчас

Which part of «I’m a poetry professor»

Какую часть из «Я профессор поэзии»

And then we did our part by keeping her in the store.

А потом мы исполняли свою часть, не выпуская ее из магазина.

That’s the nice part of being with a mastermind you do the thinking for both of us.

У меня приятная роль — быть в тени интеллектуального лидера ты думаешь за нас обоих.

There’s a great part for you.

Там и для тебя есть большая роль.

If I drop dead from all this, play my part.

Если я от всего этого загнусь, на тебе моя роль.

But instead of modestly and calmly playing your part as a national hero, instead of giving radio audiences the twaddle they expect, you start sounding off about Christine.

И вместо того, чтобы скромно и твердо сыграть роль национального героя, вместо того, чтобы говорить чепуху, которую ждет публика, ты начал болтать о Кристине.

I had a small part to play in his exploit.

В его подвиге и я сыграла маленькую роль.

Just when you come to understand me, we must part.

Только у нас все наладилось и мы должны расстаться.

We’re going to have to part soon.

Скоро нам придётся расстаться.

May I suggest, as agreed between us in case of this eventuality, that we part as good friends.

Поэтому я предлагаю поступить так, как мы в свое время договорились поступить в подобном случае: вовремя расстаться друзьями.

For I love France so well that I will not part with a village of it.

Ведь я так люблю Францию, что не хочу расстаться ни с одной её деревушкой.

Why, Mrs. Warren, how did you ever get the museum in Richmond to part with it?

Как же, миссис Уоррен, Вы заставляли музей Ричмонда, расстаться с ним?

The road is divided into three parts.

Дорога расходится в три стороны.

This was a clever trick on my part to show you the kind of man you employ as manager.

Это был верный трюк с моей стороны показать, что за человек работает у тебя менеджером.

We on our part will procure young male and female elephants and forward them on to you one or two pairs at a time.

мы со своей стороны готовы предоставить вам слонов и слоних и выслать их вам по паре или более за раз.

Of course… this would mean a big sacrifice on your part.

Конечно, это будет означать большую жертву с твоей стороны.

An unfortunate choice of words on my part.

Неудачный выбор слов с моей стороны.

Please do let her take part.

— Пожалуйста, позвольте ей участвовать.

I want no part of this. I’m busy.

Я не хочу в этом участвовать У меня полно дел

You’re going down to bill’s and phone whoever is putting on this play and tell them that you’re not going to do that part.

Ты спустишься к Биллу и позвонишь тому, кто ставит эту пьесу. И скажешь ему, что ты не будешь участвовать в представлении.

Are you going to take part in any of the games?

Вы собираетесь участвовать в этих играх?

I won’t take part in that.

Я не стану в этом участвовать.

«Go without me my dear, I must take part in the conference»

«Идите одни, мои дорогие, я должен принять участие в конференции»

And so the division will take a leading part in the battle

И поэтому дивизия примет непосредственное участие в битве

Mostly, lt was mere hysteria. But there were men with better motives, men who saw the times were critical and wanted a man’s part.

Но были и другие люди, видевшие, что времена критические и хотевшие принять участие.

It’s my Job to take part in as much as possible.

Моя задача — принимать участие в съёмках как можно больше.

-And will you take part in this match?

— И Вы примете участие в этом матче?

«for your lawful wedded wife to have and hold… «to cherish and keep forever, till death do you part?»

«в законные супруги, клянетесь беречь и любить её… холить и лееять пока смерть не разлучит вас?»

«to love, cherish and keep forever till death do you part?»

пока смерть не разлучит вас?»

To love and to cherish till death us do part.

Любить и оберегать её, пока смерть не разлучит нас.

To love and to cherish till death do-— Us do part.

Любить и оберегать её, пока смерть не разлучит нас.

To love and to cherish till death us do part.

Любить и оберегать его, пока смерть не разлучит нас.

Is it your first time in these parts?

Это ваше первое посещении этих мест?

Do you come from these parts?

Здравствуйте. Вы из этих мест?

— Are you from these parts?

— Вы из этих мест?

When we finally got to these parts, Abdullah decided to go abroad and shoot his harem… so that no man would have them.

ак добрались мы до этих мест, јбдулла решил уйти за границу, а гарем, стало быть, в расход, чтоб никому не досталс€.

He never left these parts.

Он никогда не покидал этих мест.

I should say it was part of your line.

Я бы сказала, что это частично по вашей части.

Well, yes, partly.

Да, частично.

As for Miss O’Shaughnessy if you think she can be rigged for the part I’m willing to discuss it with you.

А что касается мисс О’Шонесси, если вы думаете, она сгодится частично, я готов обсудить эту тему с вами.

But part of the blame for that may lie with you.

Но частично и вы виноваты в этом.

…I’d like to show you some parts, exact duplicates of those…

А сейчас вы увидите детали — точные копии тех…

Well, if I had the parts!

если будут детали.

I’ll sort of skip over that part, if you don’t mind.

Если вам угодно, я бы не хотел обсуждать детали.

Well, the crate shaped up. — It’s as hot as the parts on it.

Так, хорошо, этот гроб приобрёл форму… и он так же крут, как и детали в нём

Advise cannibalization of reusable parts,

Советую снять с меня еще пригодные детали.

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Conversion consists in making a new word from some existing word by changing the category of a part of speech: the morphemic shape of the original word remains unchanged. The new word has a meaning which differs from that of the original one though it can more or less be easily associated with it. It has also a new paradigm peculiar to its new category as a part of speech.

Conversion is accepted as one of the major ways of enriching English vocabulary with new words. One of the major arguments for this approach to conversion is the semantic change that regularly accompanies each instance of conversion. Normally, a word changes its syntactic function without any shift in lexical meaning. E.g. both in yellow leaves and in The leaves were turning yellow the adjective denotes colour. Yet, in The leaves yellowed the converted unit no longer denotes colour, but the process of changing colour, so that there is an essential change in meaning.

The change of meaning is even more obvious in such pairs as hand > to hand, face > to face, to go > a go, etc.

The other argument is the regularity and completeness with which converted units develop a paradigm of their new category of part of speech. As soon as it has crossed the category borderline, the new word automatically acquires all the properties of the new category, so that if it has entered the verb category, it is now regularly used in all the forms of tense and it also develops the forms of the participle and the gerund.

Conversion is not only a highly productive but also a particularly English way of word-building. Its immense productivity is considerably encouraged by certain features of the English language in its modern stage of development. The analytical structure of Modern English greatly facilitates processes of making words of one category of parts of speech from words of another. So does the simplicity of paradigms of English parts of speech. A great number of one-syllable words is another factor in favour of conversion.

One should guard against thinking that every case of noun and verb (verb and adjective, adjective and noun, etc.) with the same morphemic shape results from conversion. There are numerous pairs of words (e.g. love n – to love v, work n – to work v, etc.) which did not occur due to conversion but coincided as a result of certain historical processes (dropping of endings, simplification of stems) when before they had different forms.

The two categories of parts of speech aspecially affected by conversion are nouns and verbs. Verbs made from nouns are the most numerous amongst the words produced by conversion: e.g. to hand, to back, to face, to screen, to blackmail, and very many others.

Nouns are frequently made from verbs: do, make, walk, etc.

Verbs can also be made from adjectives: to pale, to cool, to yellow, etc.

Other parts of speech are not entirely unsusceptible to conversion: to down, to out.

* * *

It was mentioned that a word made by conversion has a different meaning from that of the word from which it was made though the two meanings can be associated. For instance, in the group of verbs made from nouns some of the regular semantic associations are as indicated in the following list:

I. The noun is the name of a tool, the verb denotes an action performed by the tool: to hammer, to nail, to comb, to brush.

II. The noun is the name of an animal, the verb denotes an action or aspect of behaviour considered typical of this animal: to dog (преследовать), to wolf (пожирать), to monkey (дразнить), to rat (предать).

III. The name of a part of the human body – an action performed by it: to hand, to eye (разглядывать), to elbow (толкать локтем), to nose (нюхать).

IV. The name of a profession or occupation – an activity typical of it: to nurse, to cook.

V. The name of a place – the process of occupying the place or of putting smth./smb. in it: to room (занимать комнату), to place, to table (класть на стол).

VI. The name of a container – the act of putting smth. within the container (to can, to bottle (разливать по бутылкам)).

VII. The name of a meal – the process of taking it (to lunch, to supper).

The suggested groups do not include all the great variety of verbs made from nouns by conversion. They just represent the most obvious cases and illustrate the great variety of semantic interrelations within so-called converted pairs.

Answer these questions.

1. What are the main ways of enriching the English vocabulary?

2. What are the principal productive ways of word-building in English?

3. What do we mean by derivation?

4. What is the difference between frequency and productivity of affixes? Give examples.

5. Give examples of your own to show that affixes have meanings.

6. Prove that the words a finger and to finger (“to touch or handle with the fingers”) are two words and not one word finger used either as a noun or as a verb.

7. What features of Modern English have produced the high productivity of conversion?

8. Which categories of parts of speech are especially affected by conversion?